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Journal articles on the topic 'Fuel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Bell, S. R., M. Gupta, and L. A. Greening. "Full-Fuel-Cycle Modeling for Alternative Transportation Fuels." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 117, no. 4 (1995): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835427.

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Utilization of alternative fuels in the transportation sector has been identified as a potential method for mitigation of petroleum-based energy dependence and pollutant emissions from mobile sources. Traditionally, vehicle tailpipe emissions have served as sole data when evaluating environmental impact. However, considerable differences in extraction and processing requirements for alternative fuels makes evident the need to consider the complete fuel production and use cycle for each fuel scenario. The work presented here provides a case study applied to the southeastern region of the United

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2

Van Herle, Jan, Alexander Schuler, Lukas Dammann, et al. "Fuels for Fuel Cells: Requirements and Fuel Processing." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 58, no. 12 (2004): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/000942904777677092.

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3

Khonkeldiyev, Muminjon. "PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS AS ENGINE FUEL." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 03, no. 01 (2023): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-01-09.

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This article describes the types of motor fuels for vehicles, and their physical and chemical properties. The advantages of using alternative fuels as motor fuel are highlighted and the environmental and economic efficiency indicators of natural gas fuel are analysed.

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4

Hennings, U., M. Brune, M. Wolf, and R. Reimert. "Fuels and Fuel Cells: The “Right Way” from Fuels to Fuel Gas." Chemical Engineering & Technology 31, no. 5 (2008): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200800054.

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5

Lucka, K., and H. Kohne. "FUEL PROCESSOR FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS BASED ON LIQUID FUELS." Clean Air: International Journal on Energy for a Clean Environment 6, no. 3 (2005): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.v6.i3.20.

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6

Huang, Wei, Xin Zhang, and Zhun Qing Hu. "Selection of New Energy Vehicle Fuels and Life Cycle Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1695.

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Life cycle energy consumption and environment emission assessment model of vehicle new energy fuels is established. And life cycle energy consumption and environmental pollutant emissions of new energy fuels are carried out. Results show that the full life cycle energy consumption of alcohol fuels is highest, and the full life cycle energy consumption of the fuel cell is lowest, and the fuel consumption is mainly concentrated in the use stage, and that is lowest in the raw material stage. And the full life cycle CO2 emission of methanol is highest, and the full life cycle CO2 emission of Hybri

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7

Rastogi, Renu. "An Alternative Fuel for Future Bio Fuel." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2445.

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8

Ogden, Joan M., Thomas G. Kreutz, and Margaret M. Steinbugler. "Fuels for fuel cell vehicles." Fuel Cells Bulletin 3, no. 16 (2000): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-2859(00)86613-4.

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9

Ratna Dewi Syarifah, Nabil Nabhan MH, Zein Hanifah, Iklimatul Karomah, and Ahmad Muzaki Mabruri. "Analisis Fraksi Volume Bahan Bakar Uranium Karbida Pada Reaktor Cepat Berpendingin Gas Menggunakan SRAC Code." Jurnal Jaring SainTek 3, no. 1 (2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jaring-saintek.v3i1.333.

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Analysis of fuel volume fraction with uranium caride fuel in Gas Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) with SRAC Code is has been done. The calculation used SRAC Code (Standard Reactor Analysis Code) which is developed by JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), and the data libraries nuclear used JENDL 4.0. There are two calculation has been used, fuel pin cell calculation (PIJ Calculation) and core calculation (CITATION Calculation). In core calculation, the leakage is calculated so the calculation more precise. The CITATION calculation use two type of core configuration, i.e. homogeneous core configuration a

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10

Huang, He, Louis J. Spadaccini, and David R. Sobel. "Fuel-Cooled Thermal Management for Advanced Aeroengines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (2004): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1689361.

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Fuel-cooled thermal management, including endothermic cracking and reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, is an enabling technology for advanced aero engines and offers potential for cycle improvements and pollutant emissions control in gas turbine engine applications. The successful implementation of this technology is, however, predicated on the use of conventional multicomponent hydrocarbon fuels and an understanding of the combustion characteristics of the reformed fuel mixture. The objective of this research is to develop and demonstrate the technologies necessary for utilizing conventional mult

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11

Toftegaard, Maja B., Jacob Brix, Peter A. Jensen, Peter Glarborg, and Anker D. Jensen. "Oxy-fuel combustion of solid fuels." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 36, no. 5 (2010): 581–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2010.02.001.

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12

Hope, Chris. "Uncertainty in full fuel cycle costs." Energy Conversion and Management 37, no. 6-8 (1996): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(95)00263-4.

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13

Li, Y., H. Zhao, B. Leach, and T. Ma. "Development of a fuel stratification spark ignition engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 7 (2005): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11220.

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A fuel stratification concept is being researched and developed in a three-valve twin-spark ignition engine. This concept requires that two different fuels or fuel components be introduced into the cylinder separately through two independent inlet ports. The fuels will be stratified laterally by means of strong tumble in the cylinder. Similar to the traditional air/fuel stratification engine, this fuel stratification engine can operate in very lean mixture or high exhaust gas dilution at part loads to reduce fuel consumption and NOx emissions. While at high-load operation, a higher compression

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14

Hossain, Abul, and Abdul Hussain. "Impact of Nanoadditives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel." Energies 12, no. 5 (2019): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050921.

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Jatropha biodiesel was produced from neat jatropha oil using both esterification and transesterification processes. The free fatty acid value content of neat jatropha oil was reduced to approximately 2% from 12% through esterification. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were added separately to jatropha biodiesel in doses of 100 ppm and 50 ppm. The heating value, acid number, density, flash point temperature and kinematic viscosity of the nanoadditive fuel samples were measured and compared with the corresponding properties of neat fossil diesel and neat jatropha bio

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15

Rokni, M. "Addressing fuel recycling in solid oxide fuel cell systems fed by alternative fuels." Energy 137 (October 2017): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.082.

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16

Okada, Masanori, Daisuke Shigetomi, Masashi Matsumoto, Yoshimitsu Kobashi, and Jiro Senda. "FL1-5 Effects of Fuel Composition on Flame Lift-off Length and Pollutant Formation in Dual-component Fuel Spray(FL: Fuels,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2012.8 (2012): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2012.8.323.

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17

Ayas, Gizem, and Hakan Öztop. "Thermal analysis of different Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs) samples." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci201010249a.

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As a result of the activities carried out by people to maintain their daily lives in different places such as homes, hospitals, hotels or workplaces, waste consisting of furniture, paint, batteries, food waste, sachets, bottles, fabrics, and fibers with the heterogeneous structure is called Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Secondary fuels with higher heating value, which are generated by recycling of non-recyclable and reusable wastes in municipal solid wastes, are called as Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). In this study, Refuse Derived Fuel1 (RDF1 : taken in December, winter season) and Refuse Derived

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18

Labeckas, Gvidonas, Stasys Slavinskas, and Irena Kanapkienė. "Study of the Effects of Biofuel-Oxygen of Various Origins on a CRDI Diesel Engine Combustion and Emissions." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071241.

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The paper presents the effects made by a fossil diesel–HRD (Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel) fuel blend containing Ethanol (E) or Biodiesel (B) on the combustion process, Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ITE), smoke, and pollutant emissions when running a turbocharged Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine under medium (50% of full load), intermediate (80% of full load), and full (100%) loads at maximum torque speed of 2000 rpm. These loads correspond to the respective Indicated Mean Effective Pressures (IMEP) of 0.75, 1.20, and 1.50 MPa, developed for the most common operation of a Diesel engi

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19

Hoang, Van Khanh, Viet Phu Tran, and Thi Dung Nguyen. "Neutronic design of a PWR fuel assembly with accident tolerant-composite for the long-life core." Nuclear Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (2022): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/nst.v11i2.358.

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For the future of nuclear power, the design and development of an economical, accident tolerant fuel (ATF) for use in the current pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are highly desirable and essential. It is reported that the composite fuels are advantageous over the conventional UO2 fuel due to their higher thermal conductivities and higher uranium densities. Due to higher uranium densities of the composite fuels, the use of composite fuels would lead to the significant increase of discharged burnup, thereby enhancing fuel cycle economy compared to that of the UO2 fuel. The higher thermal condu

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20

GÜLTEKİN, Nurullah, Halil Erdi GÜLCAN, and Murat CİNİVİZ. "Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines." European Mechanical Science 7, no. 4 (2023): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26701/ems.1337150.

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The use of alcohol-derived fuels produced from renewable resources is an effective method to reduce dependence on petroleum. However, alcohols can improve the combustion process by changing the fuel chemistry. In this way, performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise values can be improved in diesel engines. In this study; New fuel forms (D90E10, D90IB10, D80E10IB10, D77.5E10IB10DEE2.5, 75E10IB10DEE5) were formed by mixing ethanol, isobutanol and diethyl ether alcohols with diesel fuel in certain proportions. The fuels generated was used in experiments. The studies were conducted with

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21

Qurbonovich, Yuldoshev Komil. "USING FUEL LYSIMETERS." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 09 (2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-09-09.

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This paper presents data on the effects of cotton maintenance on cotton yield under lysimeter conditions in reducing the adverse effects of water deficit. New, promising and zoned cotton varieties were analyzed by taking soil samples at the end of the vegetation period after applying mineral fertilizers, irrigation, and inter-row tillage. That is, the amount of humus in the soil compared to the beginning of the period of operation, at the end of the period of operation in the lysimeter with new varieties in the lysimeter with the regionalized Bukhara-8 and Sultan varieties, is explained.

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22

Miras, Turysbay Dana Cristina Toncu*. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ALCOHOL-KEROSENE BLEND FOR ALTERNATIVE JET FUELS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 4 (2017): 464–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.556365.

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The aim of work is the research and development of new types of aviation fuels in particular obtaining alcohol-kerosene type fuels. This paper shows a full description of the product, based on its physical and chemical properties, with emphasis on blend advantages. Isopropanol retards fuel combustion, prevents knocking, and has almost zero NO emissions; it also controls rapid heat release and acts as emulsifier for water in kerosene. Preparation of isopropanol-kerosene aviation fuel was fast and easy. Except for flash point, the isopropanol addition doesn't change physical and rheological prop

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23

Manzoor Bhat, Zahid, Ravikumar Thimmappa, Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli Devendrachari, et al. "Fuel Exhaling Fuel Cell." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 9, no. 2 (2018): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03100.

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24

CHOI, SEUNG-HUN, and YOUNG-TAIG OH. "ANALYSIS OF OXYGENATED COMPONENT (BUTYL ETHER) AND EGR EFFECT ON A DIESEL ENGINE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (2010): 2844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210065738.

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Potential possibility of the butyl ether (BE, oxygenates of di-ether group) was analyzed as an additives for a naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine fuel. Engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics were analyzed by applying the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenates additives blended diesel fuels. Smoke emission decreased approximately 26% by applying the blended fuel (diesel fuel 80 vol-% + BE 20vol-%) at the engine speed of 25,000 rpm and with full engine load compared to the diesel fuel. There was none significant difference between the blended fuel and the diesel f

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25

Price, Martin, Melinda Barnard-Tallier, and Karin Troncoso. "Stacked: In Their Favour? The Complexities of Fuel Stacking and Cooking Transitions in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Zambia." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154457.

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It remains unclear whether the decision to cook with both polluting and cleaner-burning fuels (‘fuel stacking’) serves as a transition phase towards the full adoption of clean-cooking practices, or whether stacking allows households to enhance fuel security and choose from a variety of cooking technologies and processes. This paper offers a unique contribution to the debate by positioning fuel stacking as the central research question in the exploration of existing household survey data. This research analyses the World Bank’s Multi-Tier Framework survey data concerning energy access and cooki

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26

Lau, Cheuk Wah, Henrik Nylén, Klara Insulander Björk, and Urban Sandberg. "Feasibility Study of 1/3 Thorium-Plutonium Mixed Oxide Core." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/709415.

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Thorium-plutonium mixed oxide (Th-MOX) fuel has become one of the most promising solutions to reduce a large and increasing plutonium stockpile. Compared with traditional uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (U-MOX) fuels, Th-MOX fuel has higher consumption rate of plutonium in LWRs. Besides, thorium based fuels have improved thermomechanical material properties compared with traditional U-MOX fuels. Previous studies on a full Th-MOX core have shown reduced efficiency in reactivity control mechanisms, stronger reactivity feedback, and a significantly lower fraction of delayed neutrons compared with a

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27

Edwards, G., B. Hyland, C. Kitson, and T. Chschyolkova. "Post-Closure Performance Assessment of a Deep Geological Repository for Advanced Heavy Water Reactor Fuels." AECL Nuclear Review 2, no. 2 (2013): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/anr.2013.00018.

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Many countries worldwide are investigating the use of advanced fuels and fuel cycles for purposes such as increasing the sustainability of the nuclear fuel cycle, or decreasing the radiological impact of used fuel. One common metric used to assess the radiological impact to humans of fuels placed in a repository is the total radiotoxicity of the fuel, but this approach does not take into account how engineered and natural (i.e., rock) barriers can remove many radiotoxic nuclides from ground water before they reach the surface. In this study, we evaluate the potential radiological dose conseque

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28

YAMAMOTO, Takamitsu. "C207 DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL CELLS POWERED RAILWAY VEHICLE(Fuel Cell-1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.2 (2009): _2–213_—_2–218_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.2._2-213_.

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29

Bieder, Ulrich, Clarisse Genrault, and Pierre Ledac. "Hydraulic forces acting on full cross section fuel assemblies with 17×17 fuel rods." Progress in Nuclear Energy 130 (December 2020): 103515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2020.103515.

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30

Audus, H., and L. Saroff. "Full fuel cycle evaluation of CO2 mitigation options for fossil fuel fired power plant." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 6-9 (1995): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(95)00132-w.

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31

Audus, H., and L. Saroff. "Full fuel cycle evaluation of CO2 mitigation opions for fossil fuel fired power plant." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (1996): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)89122-3.

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32

Walsh, Bruce. "How full is the evolutionary fuel tank?" Science 376, no. 6596 (2022): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo4624.

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33

Ahmed, S. "Hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 26, no. 4 (2001): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(00)00097-5.

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34

Kee, Robert J., Huayang Zhu, and David G. Goodwin. "Solid-oxide fuel cells with hydrocarbon fuels." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30, no. 2 (2005): 2379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.277.

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35

Carrette, Linda, K. Andreas Friedrich, and Ulrich Stimming. "Fuel Cells: Principles, Types, Fuels, and Applications." ChemPhysChem 1, no. 4 (2000): 162–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-7641(20001215)1:4<162::aid-cphc162>3.0.co;2-z.

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36

Baltacioğlu, Mustafa Kaan, Kadi̇r Aydin, Ergül Yaşar, Hüseyi̇n Turan Arat, Çağlar Conker, and Alper Burgaç. "Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Parameters Changes on Diesel Engines Using Anisole Additive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.987.

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In this study, effect of anisole additive into the diesel fuel on performance and emission parameters of diesel engines was investigated. Instead of structural changes which are more difficult and expensive, development of fuel technologies is preferred to provide reduction on exhaust gas emissions which are harmful to environment and human health. Therefore, in this experimental study, anisole was used as additive into diesel fuel with the volumetric ratio of 1,5%, 3% and 5%. The performance characteristics and exhaust emissions of a four cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated, water cool

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37

Brennan, Teresa J., and Jon E. Keeley. "Effect of mastication and other mechanical treatments on fuel structure in chaparral." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 7 (2015): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14140.

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Mechanical fuel treatments are a common pre-fire strategy for reducing wildfire hazard that alters fuel structure by converting live canopy fuels to a compacted layer of dead surface fuels. Current knowledge concerning their effectiveness, however, comes primarily from forest-dominated ecosystems. Our objectives were to quantify and compare changes in shrub-dominated chaparral following crushing, mastication, re-mastication and mastication-plus-burning treatments, and to assess treatment longevity. Results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified significant differences in all fuel compone

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38

Melnyk, Vasyl, Liubomyr Romanyshyn, Yurii Mosora, and Krzysztof Kotwica. "Technology of Obtaining Mixed Alternative Fuel Based on Organic Substances for Mining Technological Transport Engines." Management Systems in Production Engineering 31, no. 1 (2023): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2023-0009.

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Abstract In connection with the increase in the price of fuel based on hydrocarbons, the search and use of alternative types of fuel for machines in the mining and oil production industry is quite relevant today. Most of the existing alternative fuels by themselves cannot be considered as ready-to-use motor fuels. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use their mixtures with commercial fuels in certain ratios. This work deals with the development and research of the main characteristics of the mixer for obtaining mixed fuels based on diesel fuel and soybean oil, as well as the results of

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39

Li, Liming, and Peter B. Sunderland. "Smoke points of fuel–fuel and fuel–inert mixtures." Fire Safety Journal 61 (October 2013): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.09.001.

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40

Ardila-Suarez, Carolina, Jean-Paul Lacoursière, Gervais Soucy, and Bruna Rego de Vasconcelos. "Consequence Analysis of LPG-Related Hazards: Ensuring Safe Transitions to Cleaner Energy." Fuels 6, no. 2 (2025): 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels6020045.

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Countries worldwide are focused on the objective of zero emissions by 2050. However, the accelerated implementation of clean technologies has had some drawbacks, remarkably those related to safety issues. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) emerges as a transition fuel in this context, considering the following two aspects. First, LPG is a fuel that has environmental advantages compared to other fossil fuels, so the extension of coverage as a replacement fuel is a key factor. Second, LPG has a well-developed storage and transportation infrastructure that can be used, sometimes without modifications,

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41

Yilbaşi, Zeki, Murat Kadir Yeşilyurt, Mevlüt Arslan, and Hayri Yaman. "Understanding the performance, emissions, and combustion behaviors of a DI diesel engine using alcohol/hemp seed oil biodiesel/diesel fuel ternary blends: Influence of long-chain alcohol type and concentration." Science and Technology for Energy Transition 78 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/stet/2023003.

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In this study, it was aimed to examine the influences of biodiesel–diesel-higher alcohol (1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol) blends on the performance, emission and combustion behaviors of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The tests were performed at a fixed speed of 1500 rpm and variable loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). For the tests, 80% diesel and 20% hemp seed oil biodiesel were blended and called as B20. Biodiesel fuel was produced by transesterification from hemp seed oil in the presence of methanol and potassium hydroxide for the preparation of B20 binary test fuel and other ternary

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42

Renu, Rastogi. "An Alternative Fuel for Future Bio Fuel." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1, no. 5 (2017): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2445.

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Biofuels are gaining increased public and scientific attention, driven by factors such as oil price spikes, the need for increased energy security and concern over greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Most cars and trucks on the road today are fueled by gasoline and diesel fuels. These fuels are produced from oil, which is a nonrenewable fossil fuel. Non renewable fuels depend on resources that will eventually run out. Renewable resources, in contrast are constantly replenished and will never run out. Biomass is one type of renewable resource, which includes plants and organic wastes. B

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43

Qian, Yong, Qiyan Zhou, Xiaole Wang, Lifeng Zhu, and Xingcai Lu. "Enabling dual fuel sequential combustion using port fuel injection of high reactivity fuel combined with direct injection of low reactivity fuels." Applied Thermal Engineering 103 (June 2016): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.04.122.

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44

Yamik, Hasan. "An investigation of effect of biodiesel and aviation fuel jeta-1 mixtures performance and emissions on diesel engine." Thermal Science 18, no. 1 (2014): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130410007y.

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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines which doesn?t contain pollutants and sulfur; on the contrary it contains oxygen. In addition, both physical and chemical properties of sunflower oil methyl ester (SME) are identical to diesel fuel. Conversely, diesel and biodiesel fuels are widely used with some additives to reduce viscosity, increase the amount of cetane, and improve combustion efficiency. This study uses diesel fuel, SME and its mixture with aviation fuel JetA-1 which are widely used in the aviation industry. . Fuel mixtures were used in 1-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine u

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45

Herkowiak, Marcin, Mariusz Adamski, Przemysław Marek, et al. "Assessing the Impact of Modifying the Fuel System of a Small Power Generator on Exhaust Emissions—A Case Study." Energies 16, no. 22 (2023): 7580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227580.

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Small power generators (up to 5 kW) with a dual-fuel function rely on the use of fuels with standardized quality parameters. The use of gaseous and liquid biofuels, produced by the prosumers themselves, to power the engines of these generators poses the problem of their impact on the operation of the fuel system and on exhaust gas emissions. The goal of this study was to indicate the environmental effects of adapting the internal combustion engine of a 2 kW multi-fuel generator to burn gaseous and liquid biofuels produced by the prosumer. Exhaust emission tests were carried out for the combust

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46

Sarathe, Abhishek, and Yogesh Yadav. "CFD Investigation on Nozzle Considering Fuel Properties of Alternative Fuel: A Review." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (2018): 783–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd19090.

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47

Karim, Ghazi. "Hydrogen as a spark ignition engine fuel." Chemical Industry 56, no. 6 (2002): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0206256k.

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Review is made of the positive features and the current limitations associated with the use of hydrogen as a spark ignition engine fuel. It is shown that hydrogen has excellent prospects to achieve very satisfactory performance in engine applications that may be superior in many aspects to those with conventional fuels. A number of design and operational changes needed to effect the full potential of hydrogen as an engine fuel is outlined. The question whether hydrogen can be manufactured abundantly and economically will remain the limiting factor to its widespread use as an S.I. engine fuel i

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48

Ciesielski, Radosław, Mateusz Zakrzewski, Oleksandr Shtyka, et al. "The Research on Characteristics of CI Engine Supplied with Biodiesels from Brown and Yellow Grease." Energies 15, no. 11 (2022): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114083.

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The effect of three kinds of fuels used to supply a diesel engine on its characteristics, fuel consumption, and emissions was studied. The fuels comprised pure diesel, a blend of diesel with 6% of methyl ester of yellow grease in the form of rapeseed oil, and a blend of diesel with methyl ester of brown grease in the form of goose fat. The chromatographic analysis was conducted for these fuels, and the results are presented. Two tests, comprising measurement of fuel consumption and engine emissions, were conducted on a vehicle with a diesel engine operating under zero load and under full load.

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49

McCarney, Joseph. ""Fuel Processing: for Fuel Cells"." Platinum Metals Review 53, no. 3 (2009): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/147106709x465604.

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Stell, Scott, and John Cuzens. "Fuel-flexible, fuel processing technology." Fuel Cells Bulletin 2, no. 7 (1999): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-2859(00)80055-3.

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