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1
Mlowa, Tawina Kapusa, Maxon L. Chitawo, and Victor Kasulo. "Policy Analysis on Clean Cooking in Malawi: Case of Improved Cookstoves." E3S Web of Conferences 487 (2024): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448702003.
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Transition from cooking with traditional biomass to clean cooking is a persistent challenge in Malawi. The underlying technologies in clean cooking are improved cookstove. Improved cook stoves are designed to reduce fuel consumption per meal and to curb smoke emissions experienced in traditional three-stone cookstove. However, promotion adoption and utilisation of clean cooking requires coordinated policy and regulatory framework. This study analysed the Malawi policy regulatory framework on clean cooking by benchmarking with relevant literature. The following policy gaps were identified: (i) the lack of clear cookstove rating by Malawi Bureau of Standards; (ii) uncomplimentary policies and regulations in the energy and forestry sectors on clean cooking fuels and technologies; (iii) the lack of empirical data on adoption and utilisation of clean cooking technologies and fuels in Malawi; (iv) predicaments in adopting and using international standards for testing cookstoves; and (v) the value chain of improved cookstoves and other forms of clean cooking fuels and technologies that is not adequately analysed. Coordinated development and harmonious implementation of clean cooking regulations in the key sectors of energy and forestry can promote adoption and utilisation of clean cooking methods and technologies in Malawi.
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Ahmad, Tusawar Iftikhar, Kokab Kiran, and Amina Alamgir. "Households’ Clean Cooking Fuel Poverty: Testing the Energy-Ladder Hypothesis in the Case of Bangladesh." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 4, no. 1 (2023): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2023.0401.0034.
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The study explores clean cooking fuel poverty in Bangladeshi households based on the energy ladder hypothesis stating that as income increases, households switch towards cleaner cooking fuels. Data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Household Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 reveals that 20.45% of households use advanced or cleaner cooking fuels, while a majority (79.23%) still rely on primitive or traditional cooking fuels. Electricity is used by a very small percentage (0.57%), while LPG is used by a slightly higher proportion (6.96%). Biogas usage is minimal (0.11%), and a small percentage (0.03%) still relies on kerosene. Wood is the dominant fuel (46.25%), and other minor sources include charcoal (0.10%), straw/shrubs/grass (0.63%), agricultural crop residues (25.96%), and animal dung (6.39%). The results reveal that only a small proportion of households (20.45%) are classified as "clean cooking fuel non-poor," indicating a limited adoption of cleaner cooking technologies in Bangladesh. Further analysis indicates a gradual increase in clean cooking fuel usage as wealth status improves. Only 0.25% of the poorest households use clean fuels, while the percentage increases to 0.68% in the "poorer" category, 3.92% in the "middle" wealth category, and 24.51% in the "richer" category. Among the wealthiest households, 70.64% use clean cooking fuels. The study highlights the urgent need for policymakers in Bangladesh to address clean cooking fuel poverty by implementing measures like subsidies, awareness campaigns, and infrastructure development to promote cleaner cooking technologies, thereby improving public health and environmental sustainability.
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Ahimbisibwe, Michael, Haam Rukundo, Moses Angeny, Evans Atwijukire, Isaac Newton, and Ephraim Nuwamanya. "Techno-economic analysis of clean cooking technologies and fuels in Uganda." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 10, no. 2 (2025): 303–15. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2025.1002017.
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Access to clean, affordable, and efficient cooking energy is a key development challenge in Uganda, with over 90% of households and institutions relying on traditional biomass fuels. This study was focused on techno-economic assessment of cooking technologies and fuels through Controlled Cooking Tests (CCTs), surveys, and interviews across household and institutional settings to evaluate fuel consumption, cooking time, cost, and user preferences across wood, charcoal, briquettes, LPG, and electric stoves. The results showed that electric hot plates and LPG stoves were the most energy-efficient, consuming 10.42 MJ and 13.28 MJ, respectively, cooking of 1 kg of beans compared to 38.81 MJ for improved wood stoves and 102.44 MJ for traditional three-stone fires. Cooking time, the improved institutional wood stove was the fastest (129 min), followed by LPG (151 min), traditional stoves (153 min), and electric hot plates (174 min). Fuel cost per kg of beans cooked was highest for LPG (Ugx 5,506) and electricity (Ugx 4,393), while improved briquette stoves were the cheapest (Ugx 302), though their adoption remains limited due to availability issues. Improved biomass stoves demonstrated up to 62% energy savings compared to traditional devices, offering a cost-effective and scalable transition option. This study provides the first comprehensive performance comparison across multiple fuel-stove combinations in Uganda and highlights critical trade-offs between energy efficiency, cost, and accessibility. Strategic policy actions including targeted subsidies, investment in clean fuel supply chains, and behaviour change campaigns are recommended to accelerate adoption and support Uganda’s energy, climate, and development goals.
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Motu, Nagarjuna, Visweswara Rao Guthi, Nagaraj Kondagunta, and Sharanya Garg. "Households With Access To Clean Fuels For Cooking And Associated Factors Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals In India: Insights From National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21)." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 15, no. 1 (2024): 268–76. https://doi.org/10.37506/yq5fq637.
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Background: Cooking using open fires or inefficient stoves fuelled by kerosene, biomass (wood, animal dung and crop waste) and coal generates harmful household air pollution. This study tried to estimate the proportion of Households with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology for cooking in India and determine the factors associated with it using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 5 data. Materials and methods: We used data from the 2019–2020, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) household level (IAHR7CFL) data. Clean cooking fuel was considered as household’s who are using electricity, LPG, biogas, natural gas and unclean cooking fuel was considered as any other fuel other than clean fuel. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the determinants of usage of unclean cooking fuel. Results: Total 6,36,699 households were included in final analysis. The national level proportion of household’s using clean fuel for cooking was 53%. Muslims, Sothern states, households with male Head of the Family (HoF), richest wealth index households, HoF with higher education status were more likely using clean fuels. Whereas Rural households, scheduled tribe households, households with kutcha houses, non-nuclear families and unmarried Hof were more likely using unclean fuels. Conclusions: More than 50 percentage of households do not have access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking. Focus should be on providing access to North Indian states, rural households, households with female as head of the family (HoF), HoF with poor education, non-nuclear families and Scheduled tribe households to fill the gap to achieve Sustainable Development goals (SDG) target by 2030.
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Supartoyo, Yesi Hendriani. "Renewable Energy Consumption and SDG 7 Progress: The Case of MINT Countries." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 15, no. 3 (2025): 684–88. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.19161.
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In the context of Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) countries, this study investigates the relationship between renewable energy consumption and access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking as well as access to electricity. When control variables and time-fixed effects were taken into account, panel data regressions were utilized to investigate the effects of specific SDG 7 indicators from the data of Sustainable Development Report for years 2000 – 2021, such as renewable energy consumption, access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, and access to electricity. For the indicators of access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, the results of panel data fixed effect regression as a best fit model are shown; these results are statistically significant (p < 0.01).
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Das, Ipsita, Leonard le Roux, Richard Mulwa, Remidius Ruhinduka, and Marc Jeuland. "Urban demand for cooking fuels in two major African cities and implications for policy." PLOS Sustainability and Transformation 3, no. 2 (2024): e0000077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000077.
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Nearly 2.3 billion people lack access to clean cooking fuels and technologies worldwide, representing a critical failure to achieve SDG7’s cooking energy access goal. In Sub-Saharan Africa, dependence on polluting cooking fuels is particularly high, resulting in considerable environmental, health, and time-related costs. Progress in the region has been greatest in urban areas, partly because incomes are higher and alternative fuels more widely available than in rural areas, but understanding of the dynamics of urban cooking energy transitions remains limited, and reasons for the divergent paths of different cities are unclear. Our primary objective is, therefore, to understand differences in the demand for several fuels among low-income households in two contrasting cities–Nairobi, where the transition is well advanced (N = 354), and Dar es Salaam, where progress has been slower (N = 1,100). We conducted a double-bounded, dichotomous choice contingent valuation experiment to elucidate how urban households would respond to changes in cooking fuels’ prices. Our analysis shows that fuel price responses vary across the income distribution and across these cities. Willingness to pay for the most commonly used cooking fuel in Nairobi–liquefied petroleum gas–is nearly twice that in Dar es Salaam, where more households prefer charcoal. In Dar es Salaam, low-income charcoal users appear especially entrenched in their cooking fuel choice. Our results have important implications for the effectiveness of different policy tools (e.g., bans, taxes, or clean fuel subsidies), since responses to pricing policies will depend on these varying price sensitivities, as well as targeting and the readiness of the supply chain (including policy enablers of supply) to meet increased demand. In conclusion, though policies are commonly designed at the national-level, policy-makers need to understand nuances in the local demand context very well when choosing instruments that best support energy transition among their most vulnerable citizens.
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Foell, Wesley, Shonali Pachauri, Daniel Spreng, and Hisham Zerriffi. "Household cooking fuels and technologies in developing economies." Energy Policy 39, no. 12 (2011): 7487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.08.016.
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Sangita, Neupane. "Shifting from Firewood to LP Gas: Tadi Rural Municipality, Nuwakot, Nepal Case Study." International Journal of Scientific Development and Research 9, no. 1 (2024): 348–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10537434.
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Firewood, a traditional cooking method, has historically been prevalent in rural areas. However, with the progress of modern technologies and increased awareness among the populace, there has been a noticeable shift from firewood to liquefied petroleum (LP) gas for cooking purposes. In Tadi Rural Municipality (TRM), Nepal, a study was conducted using stratified sampling and questionnaires to investigate the typical usage of cooking fuels among rural residents. The findings revealed a significant preference for LP gas among the majority of households over other cooking fuels. Respondents indicated health reasons and the convenience of LP gas as primary factors influencing their choice. Despite the ready availability of firewood, considerations related to health, environmental cleanliness, convenience, and time management strongly inclined people towards LP gas. The research corroborates existing knowledge suggesting the safety and advantages of LP gas over firewood across multiple aspects. Notably, the study's results underscore the population's awareness of these advantages, leading to a deliberate selection of LP gas as the preferred cooking fuel over other available options. This shift in preference signals a transformation in cooking practices in rural areas, aligning with the adoption of modern technologies and a heightened consciousness regarding health and environmental considerations in household cooking choices.
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Sophy A. Ogalo. "Analysis of Cooking Fuels and Cooking Energy Demand in Rural Households." Power System Technology 48, no. 4 (2024): 999–1012. https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.1048.
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Approximately 92% of rural households in Kenya still rely on traditional biomass as their primary cooking fuel, which poses significant health risks, particularly for young children who are vulnerable to respiratory infections from smoke exposure. The government of Kenya, along with various non-governmental organizations, has been actively working to promote the adoption of cleaner cooking solutions, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity, aiming to reduce reliance on biomass and improve public health and environmental outcomes. Despite increased electrification rates and population grow th, cooking practices in rural areas continue to depend heavily on biomass, notably firewood and charcoal. This study investigates the demand for cooking energy in rural households in Kenya, examining the energy consumption patterns of various fuels, including firewood, charcoal, LPG, and kerosene. Results show that biomass dominates the rural cooking landscape, leading to high levels of indoor air pollution and contributing to deforestation. Furthermore, the data highlights the benefits of transitioning to cleaner technologies, such as LPG and electric stoves, which offer significantly higher energy efficiency compared to traditional biomass fuels. With increased access to these alternatives, the study suggests that a shift towards cleaner fuels could improve health outcomes, reduce environmental impact, and create a pathway towards sustainable energy use for rural households. Targeted interventions are essential to accelerate this transition and promote sustainable energy practices.
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Cabrera-Torres, Carolina Priscilla, Maribel Albertina Díaz-Váasquez, Rosa Jeuna Diaz-Manchay, et al. "Women's experiences with mixed use of wood and gas cookstoves and fuels in rural Lambayeque, Peru." Revista del Cuerpo Médico del HNAAA 13, no. 2 (2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2020.132.662.
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Introduction: Despite program efforts to encourage use of clean cookstoves and fuels to mitigate climate change, many communities continue to use wood-fueled open fires. Objectives: Describe experiences of participants with mixed use of cooking and fuel technologies (e.g. open fires and chimney stoves using wood and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves) in rural Lambayeque, Peru in 2018. Material and methods: Fifteen participants were interviewed using a qualitative exploratory research design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: decisions about acquiring cooking fuels are primarily based on cost; plastic trash is used to light wood-burning stoves; decisions to use gas over wood are based on quick food cooking time; and benefits and health problems are recognized, but mixed use of fuels persist. Conclusion: Use of both traditional wood cookstoves and plastic trash to ignite fires were used frequently because both are free or cheap. The environmental impact of cutting down trees isn't considered important, but interviewees did notice detriments to their wellbeing. Although gas stoves are used and benefits were mentioned, use of traditional stoves persists. We recommend that policy makers in Peru begin to address barriers to full adoption of new clean cooking technologies and consider governmental subsidies to meet families' spending priorities.
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Scott, Nigel, Matthew Leach, and Will Clements. "Energy-Efficient Electric Cooking and Sustainable Energy Transitions." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133318.
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Transitioning to clean cooking fuels is not only part of achieving SDG7 but also makes a significant contribution to mitigating climate change by reducing carbon emissions. Research projects and pilots across a number of countries in Africa and South Asia have been exploring the suitability and energy performance of different cooking appliances and fuels. The paper presents the first statistical analysis across these multiple datasets to determine the range of energy required to cook dishes using different technologies and fuels. The paper draws out distinctions between African and Asian dishes, notably the impact of energy-intensive dishes prepared mostly in Africa. The paper demonstrates that the standard efficiency-based approaches to comparing the performance of stoves are not appropriate to modern electric cooking devices, so a novel alternative approach based on specific energy consumption and termed energy ratios is developed. Charcoal stoves are shown to use 15 times as much energy as electric pressure cookers (EPCs) to cook African dishes, and a detailed review of how the EPC works explains why this should be. Energy ratios provide a basis for estimating carbon emission reductions associated with transitioning to modern cooking fuels and also for estimating household cooking costs. Fuel and electricity prices from studies show that the cost of cooking with an EPC can be only 20% of the cost of cooking with charcoal, which highlights the potential for modern, energy-efficient electric cooking devices to defy the conventional wisdom of the energy ladder.
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Bisaga, Iwona, and Long Seng To. "Funding and Delivery Models for Modern Energy Cooking Services in Displacement Settings: A Review." Energies 14, no. 14 (2021): 4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144176.
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Cooking with modern energy fuels and technologies has a high potential to positively impact the users’ health and well-being, and make cooking safer and less burdensome for women and girls. To date, there have been numerous interventions targeting improved cooking solutions in displacement settings, but very few which have involved modern energy cooking, such as ethanol, biogas, LPG or electric cooking. They have been largely absent from humanitarian programming due to limited availability, affordability and lack of business models that suit those complex settings. Additionally, energy access services in displacement settings have historically relied primarily on grant-based funding. However, grants are limited to relatively short timeframes which do not align with the long-term needs of the displaced. New ways of funding energy access in displacement settings, and particularly modern energy cooking services, are urgently needed to address the scale of the challenge as the number of displaced surpassed 80 million in 2020, with close to 90% having little or no access to adequate cooking fuels and technologies. In this paper, we review modern energy cooking in displacement settings and the common ways of funding and delivering them. We argue that new ways of funding and delivering energy access in displacement settings are urgently needed to address the scale of the challenge and to facilitate transitions to modern energy cooking fuels and technologies, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 7 and the principle of ‘leaving no one behind’.
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Jiang, Haitong, Kingsley Imandojemu, Mohamad Shaharudin bin Samsurijan, Omowumi Omodunni Idowu, and Qinyuan Xu. "Rural Communities Access to Clean Cooking Fuels, Energy and Technologies: Socioeconomic Implications and Progress Toward Sustainable Development." Problemy Ekorozwoju 20, no. 2 (2025): 124–40. https://doi.org/10.35784/preko.7356.
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This study investigates the impact of rural communities’ access to clean cooking fuels and technologies on sustainable development and socio-economic outcome. With data collected from the World Development Indicators and the Sustainable Development Index from 2000 to 2023, this study divides 43 African countries into five regions. It analyses the data using Pooled OLS and Fully Modified OLS techniques. The result from the analysis reveals that an increase in rural access to cleaner cooking energy positively impact sustainable development in Africa. Likewise, a 1 percent increase in rural access to cleaner energy increases African socioeconomic outcome by 1.43 percent. While, rural population growth negatively impacts sustainable development and socioeconomic outcome, FDI serves as a catalyst for improved socioeconomic conditions and in promoting sustainable development in Africa. Among other things, government should expedite actions in ensuring total access to cleaner energy for cooking by reducing the commercialization timeline for the new clean cooking energy sources, providing subsidies and tax incentives for clean cooking energy sources, and establishing supportive financing policies. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by presenting empirical evidence of the positive impacts of access to clean cooking fuels and technologies on sustainable development and socioeconomic outcomes. Hence, this study offers valuable insights into the potential of access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in improving socioeconomic conditions and in achieving sustainability.
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Price, Martin, Melinda Barnard-Tallier, and Karin Troncoso. "Stacked: In Their Favour? The Complexities of Fuel Stacking and Cooking Transitions in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Zambia." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154457.
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It remains unclear whether the decision to cook with both polluting and cleaner-burning fuels (‘fuel stacking’) serves as a transition phase towards the full adoption of clean-cooking practices, or whether stacking allows households to enhance fuel security and choose from a variety of cooking technologies and processes. This paper offers a unique contribution to the debate by positioning fuel stacking as the central research question in the exploration of existing household survey data. This research analyses the World Bank’s Multi-Tier Framework survey data concerning energy access and cooking practices in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Zambia. Its novel approach uses fuel expenditure data to group urban households according to the intensity of biomass consumption (wood, charcoal) relative to modern fuel consumption (electricity, gas). The research explores how different fuel-stacking contexts are associated with factors related to household finances, composition, experiences of electricity, and attitudes towards modern fuels. This study shows the diversity of characteristics and behaviours associated with fuel stacking in urban contexts, thus demonstrating the need for fuel stacking to feature prominently in future data collection activities. The paper ends with five key recommendations for further research into fuel stacking and its role in clean-cooking transitions.
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Bazilian, Morgan, Leslie Cordes, Patrick Nussbaumer, and Andrew Yager. "Partnerships for access to modern cooking fuels and technologies." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 3, no. 4 (2011): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2011.05.004.
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Segura-Rodríguez, Iván, and Ramchandra Bhandari. "Assessment of Bioenergy Potential from Biomass Waste to Improve Access to Clean Energy for Cooking in Mali." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (2024): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010455.
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A lack of access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in Mali is causing negative health and welfare impacts on the population. There is a need to transition to cleaner cooking systems, and the production of biofuels is one promising solution. In order to successfully use biofuels in Malian households, it is necessary to calculate the sustainable bioenergy potential of the country. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess this potential to determine if it can meet the cooking energy demand. Statistical data were used to estimate the bioenergy potential from three different biomass resources: crop residues, livestock waste, and municipal solid waste (MSW). Surveys in urban and rural areas in Mali were performed to assess cooking fuel consumption in the residential sector. Bioenergy potential and cooking energy demand were compared regionally to find out if biomass is a feasible substitute for traditional cooking fuels in Mali. It was shown that while there is high biogas potential in most of the regions, urban Bamako has a lack of biomass resources to cover the demand. Therefore, other clean alternatives like electric cooking should be considered for urban areas.
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Mahto, Purnima, Viraj Dubey, and Jaya Panhotra. "INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: HEALTH HAZARDS AND TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE HAZARDOUS EFFECTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3155.
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Industrial progress and ubiquitous technological adoption are major contributing factors to air pollution in developed countries. Air pollution is equally serious in rural and urban areas of our country. In rural India, majority of women use bio mass fuel (unprocessed fuel) for cooking and heating that causes lots of indoor pollution. Rural women heavily depend on fuel wood and bio mass fuels for cooking activity in which concomitant release of hazardous smoke is a major problem especially in poorly ventilated closed kitchen space. Women and children who spend major part of their time indoors are more prone to be affected by the smoke released by fuel wood burning. To reduce the harmful / hazardous effect of smoke, the intervention of improved technologies like smokeless stoves, domestic biogas plant, processed bio mass fuels (Charring and Briquetting) may be made available to rural parts in India.
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Purnima, Mahto, Dubey Viraj, and Panhotra Jaya. "INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: HEALTH HAZARDS AND TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE HAZARDOUS EFFECTS." International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9 (Special Edition) (2017): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.851996.
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Industrial progress and ubiquitous technological adoption are major contributing factors to air pollution in developed countries. Air pollution is equally serious in rural and urban areas of our country. In rural India, majority of women use bio mass fuel (unprocessed fuel) for cooking and heating that causes lots of indoor pollution. Rural women heavily depend on fuel wood and bio mass fuels for cooking activity in which concomitant release of hazardous smoke is a major problem especially in poorly ventilated closed kitchen space. Women and children who spend major part of their time indoors are more prone to be affected by the smoke released by fuel wood burning. To reduce the harmful / hazardous effect of smoke, the intervention of improved technologies like smokeless stoves, domestic biogas plant, processed bio mass fuels (Charring and Briquetting) may be made available to rural parts in India.
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Mukelabai, Mulako D., K. G. U. Wijayantha, and Richard E. Blanchard. "Hydrogen for Cooking: A Review of Cooking Technologies, Renewable Hydrogen Systems and Techno-Economics." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (2022): 16964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416964.
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About 3 billion people use conventional carbon-based fuels such as wood, charcoal, and animal dung for their daily cooking needs. Cooking with biomass causes deforestation and habitat loss, emissions of greenhouse gases, and smoke pollution that affects people’s health and well-being. Hydrogen can play a role in enabling clean and safe cooking by reducing household air pollution and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This first-of-a-kind review study on cooking with hydrogen assessed existing cooking technologies and hydrogen systems in developing country contexts. Our critical assessment also included the modelling and experimental studies on hydrogen. Renewable hydrogen systems and their adoptability in developing countries were analysed. Finally, we presented a scenario for hydrogen production pathways in developing countries. Our findings indicated that hydrogen is attractive and can be safely used as a cooking fuel. However, radical and disruptive models are necessary to transform the traditional cooking landscape. There is a need to develop global south-based hydrogen models that emphasize adoptability and capture the challenges in developing countries. In addition, the techno-economic assumptions of the models vary significantly, leading to a wide-ranging levelized cost of electricity. This finding underscored the necessity to use comprehensive techno-economic assumptions that can accurately predict hydrogen costs.
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Khan, Zahid, Abid Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, and Muhammad Ismail. "Economic Growth, Access to Clean Fuels & Technologies for Cooking, and Renewable Energy Consumption: Case of South Asian Economies." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 5, no. 1 (2024): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2024.0501.0042.
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Economic growth—through growth affordability, growth investments, and growth-awareness associations—may lead to increased access to clean fuel and technologies for cooking (ACF&T). The current paper presents the trend and comparative analyses regarding GDP per capita, access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, and renewable energy consumption (REC) in the South Asian economies. The data from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan between 2000 and 2020 shows a strong positive correlation between GDP per capita and access to clean cooking technologies. India has made the most significant improvements, followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. All three economies negatively correlate GDP per capita and renewable energy consumption. Bangladesh shows the steepest decline, followed by India and Pakistan, indicating a more pronounced shift towards nonrenewable energy sources as economic prosperity increases. The study concludes that economic development often involves transitioning from traditional renewable energy sources (such as biomass) to more modern, nonrenewable energy sources (such as fossil fuels), often more efficient and reliable for industrial and large-scale energy needs. Hence, developing infrastructure and industrial sectors might lead to higher consumption of nonrenewable energy sources. This points to a potential challenge for sustainable development, as increased economic prosperity might be accompanied by more significant environmental impact unless there are concerted efforts to promote renewable energy sources.
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Nascimento, Lucas, André Ribeiro, Ana Ferreira, et al. "Turning Waste Cooking Oils into Biofuels—Valorization Technologies: A Review." Energies 15, no. 1 (2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010116.
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In search of a more sustainable society, humanity has been looking to reduce the environmental impacts caused by its various activities. The energy sector corresponds to one of the most impactful activities since most energies produced come from fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, which are finite resources. Moreover, their inherent processes to convert energy into electricity emit various pollutants, which are responsible for global warming, eutrophication, and acidification of soil and marine environments. Biofuels are one of the alternatives to fossil fuels, and the raw material used for their production includes vegetable oils, wood and agricultural waste, municipal waste, and waste cooking oils (WCOs). The conventional route for WCO valorization is the production of biodiesel, which, as all recovery technologies, presents advantages and disadvantages that must be explored from a technical and economic perspective. Despite its successful use in the production of biodiesel, it should be noticed that there are other approaches to use WCO. Among them, thermochemical technologies can be applied to produce alternative fuels through cracking or hydrocracking, pyrolysis, and gasification processes. For each technology, the best conditions were identified, and finally, projects and companies that work with this type of technology and use WCO were identified.
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Ramírez-Candia, Judith, Maria Dolores Curt, and Javier Domínguez. "Understanding the Access to Fuels and Technologies for Cooking in Peru." Energies 15, no. 4 (2022): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041456.
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There is global concern regarding access to energy, especially in developing countries, as set forth in the Sustainable Development Goals. Although Peru is classified as an emerging economy and would be expected to have achieved full energy coverage, the status of the access to fuels in Peru is unknown. The objective of this study was to comprehensively document the instruments and the progress made on the issue of access to modern fuels and technologies for cooking in Peru to explain the current situation and to highlight the main challenges that the country must face to achieve total access to modern energy sources. A comprehensive literature review was carried out for this work, covering a wide range of publications from 1983 to 2019. A total of 18 political and economic instruments and 95 voluntary instruments were analyzed. It made it possible to build a historical series of the main events leading to access to modern cooking fuels in Peru and to identify eight key challenges. The results show that the country has made remarkable progress in recent years, but this progress is not enough to close the access gap. Therefore, seems advisable to act on the current policy framework, formulate more inclusive policies, promote unified institutional efforts and generate technological options that respond to territory and population as diverse as Peru.
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Mannu, Alberto, Sebastiano Garroni, Jesus Ibanez Porras, and Andrea Mele. "Available Technologies and Materials for Waste Cooking Oil Recycling." Processes 8, no. 3 (2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030366.
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Recently, the interest in converting waste cooking oils (WCOs) to raw materials has grown exponentially. The driving force of such a trend is mainly represented by the increasing number of WCO applications, combined with the definition, in many countries, of new regulations on waste management. From an industrial perspective, the simple chemical composition of WCOs make them suitable as valuable chemical building blocks, in fuel, materials, and lubricant productions. The sustainability of such applications is sprightly related to proper recycling procedures. In this context, the development of new recycling processes, as well as the optimization of the existing ones, represents a priority for applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and material science. With the aim of providing useful updates to the scientific community involved in vegetable oil processing, the current available technologies for WCO recycling are herein reported, described, and discussed. In detail, two main types of WCO treatments will be considered: chemical transformations, to exploit the chemical functional groups present in the waste for the synthesis of added value products, and physical treatments as extraction, filtration, and distillation procedures. The first part, regarding chemical synthesis, will be connected mostly to the production of fuels. The second part, concerning physical treatments, will focus on bio-lubricant production. Moreover, during the description of filtering procedures, a special focus will be given to the development and applicability of new materials and technologies for WCO treatments.
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Ahmed, Mustofa Ali. "Energy insecurity and alternative sources in Ethiopia: New energy policy is the need of the day." International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (2020): 01–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4015980.
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A study was conducted in southern Ethiopia with the objective of investigating the domestic energy consumption problems and related coping mechanisms among households residing both in and around Arba-Minch town. The research design is mainly based on the quantitative methods and complemented with the qualitative data. The field data were collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions and interviews with relevant individuals. For this purpose, 658 sample households were selected from in and around the town based on random sampling technique. The analysis indicates that wood fuels (wood and charcoal) are by far the most used cooking fuels for the majority of urban and peri-urban residents despite the fact that they have access to grid electricity. Although electricity has many benefits, it does not help address the major energy problem that most households in area face in terms of their daily cooking requirements. Over the years, the outskirts of the town have experienced intense deforestation and environmental degradation due to the activities of wood fuel poachers. Despite the fact that biomass fuels would remain important fuels for majority of the households, no efforts were made to increase its supply. The local authority does little to control access to the hinterland forests of the town from where wood fuel is extracted and supplied. The study reveals that the urban households in the study area are still inadequately served by energy supplies and face great energy crisis since both traditional and modern fuels became increasingly scarce and expensive. Most of the energy appliances employed in the sample area are traditional ones that function at low efficiency level. This indicates that majority of the households often lack the ability to optimize their consumption through improved technologies. Such inefficiency mode of utilization of traditional fuels leads to the massive waste of wood, and contributes to unnecessary high level of biomass resource extraction and consumption. Increasing end-use efficiency should be given greater emphasis as an important prerequisite by employing proper end-use technologies to change households’ cooking practices so that household’s energy-related problems are tackled and energy can lead to more equitable sustainable livelihood.
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Prakash, Jitendra. "Biogas and Biodiesel: Fuels for the New Millennium." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 1, no. 1 (2002): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.1.7.
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The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and their adverse effect on the environment have led scientists to look for alternative sources and technologies of energy production. India took the lead in utilising biological wastes for the production of 'biogas' with varied applications like cooking and power generation. South Africa first used transesterified vegetable oil as 'biodiesel' to power vehicles. With the numerous benefits to mankind and environment, the use of biological fuels is gaining momentum throughout the world. With a little more streamlining, biofuels will be soon replacing the existing fuel sources, at the same time helping us to rectify the thoughtless exploitation of the past.
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Okpo, Samson Onoriode, and Emozino Donatus Edafiadhe. "Unlocking the Power of Waste Cooking Oils for Sustainable Energy Production and Circular Economy: A Review." ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD) 7, no. 1 (2024): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.05-j.
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In the pursuit for sustainable energy solutions, biodiesel has come to prominence as an alternative to petroleum-derived diesel. This review delves into cutting-edge developments in production of biodiesel, emphasizing use of waste cooking oils (WCOs) as an environmentally friendly raw material. Incorporating waste cooking oils (WCOs) into the biodiesel production process not only tackles environmental issues associated with improper disposal but also adheres to the principles of a circular economy. This manuscript covers various methods and technologies for converting WCOs into high-quality biodiesel, emphasizing economic viability and environmental benefits. It discusses the potential of WCO-derived biodiesel to meet stringent fuel standards and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Significant progress has been made in using waste cooking oils to generate sustainable energy, aligning with broader initiatives focused on renewable energy and circular economy principles. In summary, the utilization of waste cooking oils for biodiesel production presents an opportunity to shift away from reliance on fossil fuels, thereby fostering circular economy practices and sustainability goals.
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Pilicita, Josué, Josué Domínguez, Carlos Torresano, and Byron Salazar. "Analysis of the use of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel." Multidisciplinar (Montevideo) 3 (January 1, 2025): 204. https://doi.org/10.62486/agmu2025204.
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This paper analyzes the use of used cooking oil as a sustainable alternative for biodiesel production, highlighting its potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental problems. Used cooking oil, abundant and inexpensive, offers a solution for waste management by aligning with the principles of the circular economy. Through methods such as transesterification, biodiesel derived from used cooking oil shows advantages such as biodegradability and lower greenhouse gas emissions, although it presents challenges such as high viscosity and nitrogen oxide emissions. The study reviews research that employs additives and advanced technologies to improve biodiesel properties and engine performance. Strategies such as blending with other fuels and incorporating nanoparticles have been shown to optimize thermal efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. Despite its limitations, biodiesel from used cooking oil represents a technically and environmentally viable alternative, especially if support policies and improvements in its production are implemented. Used cooking oil is a promising feedstock for moving towards a sustainable energy transition, with significant benefits in waste management and reduction of the environmental footprint
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Nshimiyimana, Anastase, Francois Xavier Hagenimana, Ntawigenera Janviere, Pierre Celestin Uwimanihaye, Modeste Harindintwari, and Gerard Mbonigaba. "Socio-Economic Determinants for Household Uptake of Modern Energy Technologies: Evidence from Rwanda Panel Data (2016-2017)." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 5, no. 1 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2025.5.1.3609.
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The major causes of deforestation worldwide from human activities is the reliance of world population on the biomass fuel for domestic energy consumption through cooking, heating and lighting, the usage of biomass in inefficient way increase the fuel demand for the household. This paper provides evidence of household driving factors that play a crucial role in the uptake of improved cook stove empirically in Rwanda. The study used data from fifth integrated household living standards survey (EICV-5) carried of by National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Using binary logistic regression analysis, the study shows that homeownership, age of household head, household location and household size are the main significant household factors influencing the adoption of improved cook stove while time spend on cooking fuels is the most significant stove and fuel factors determining the adoption of usage of improved cook stove. The study shown that for substantially improved rate of adoption they should be consistent and focused cooperation of government and non -governmental organizations to work in parallel for developing energy policy frameworks.
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KC, Dipesh, Sunil Prasad Lohani, Poushan Shrestha, and Chunyu Xue. "Expert perspective on technological choice for cooking energy transition in Nepal." Clean Energy 8, no. 4 (2024): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkae035.
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Abstract Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy, especially in rural households of Nepal. The use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health, exacerbates the burden of biomass collection, and hampers access to clean energy. Understanding the factors influencing the choice of modern cooking fuels is crucial to improving energy security and resilience and easing the transition to clean fuels. This study evaluates technological choices for the transition in cooking energy from the perspective of experts working in the government, non-government, and academia sectors. A structured questionnaire survey was prepared with five criteria and nine cooking technology options. Fifty-one experts responded to the survey, and their responses were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process. The study reveals that efficiency and capital cost are the primary criteria for selecting cooking technology. The most suitable clean cooking technology is an induction stove followed by a hot plate, while the least preferred technology is a Bayupankhi stove followed by two-pothole mud improved cooking stoves. To ensure the robustness of the method, sensitivity analysis was performed on the two primary criteria efficiency and capital cost of the cooking technology. The analysis revealed robust and consistent rankings of technologies. This study should help create a conducive environment for relevant stakeholders and policymakers to formulate and implement relevant policies and strategies to accelerate the cooking energy transition in Nepal.
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Ezekwe, Christopher Ifeanyi, and Uwuma Chidi. "Energy Transition in West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ): Does Financial Development Matter?" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. XI (2024): 1847–55. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8110143.
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This study provides valuable insights into the nexus between financial development and energy transition in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), focusing on Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea. While financial development was measured using financial access, depth, and efficiency indexes, energy transition was measured by the share of the population with access to clean fuels for cooking and heating. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics, Levin, Lin, and Chu’s (LLC) panel unit root test, and a one-way error component random effects model were employed. The LLC panel unit root test results showed that all the variables are stationary, integrated with order zero, I(0). Specifically, the random effects results showed evidence of a positive and significant effect of financial service access on access to clean fuels for cooking and heating. This finding highlights the strategic role of financial access in driving the energy transition process in the WAMZ. Similarly, evidence of a positive and significant effect of financial depth on access to clean fuels for cooking and heating was established from the results. This finding is impressive as it explains that an increase in the depth of the financial system is critical to fostering energy transition in the WAMZ. The effect of financial efficiency on access to clean fuels for cooking and heating is positive. The causality test results established evidence of a joint causality from financial access, depth, and efficiency indexes to energy transition measure (share of the population with access to clean fuels for cooking and heating). Given the findings, this study recommends that policymakers should prioritize the expansion of credit availability and microfinance initiatives to deepen the financial system and synergize their efforts for greater financial efficiency to empower households and businesses to adopt renewable energy technologies and create more opportunities for transition to sustainable energy sources in the WAMZ.
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Das, Ipsita, Jessica J. Lewis, Ramona Ludolph, Melanie Bertram, Heather Adair-Rohani, and Marc Jeuland. "The benefits of action to reduce household air pollution (BAR-HAP) model: A new decision support tool." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245729.
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Cooking with polluting and inefficient fuels and technologies is responsible for a large set of global harms, ranging from health and time losses among the billions of people who are energy poor, to environmental degradation at a regional and global scale. This paper presents a new decision-support model–the BAR-HAP Tool–that is aimed at guiding planning of policy interventions to accelerate transitions towards cleaner cooking fuels and technologies. The conceptual model behind BAR-HAP lies in a framework of costs and benefits that is holistic and comprehensive, allows consideration of multiple policy interventions (subsidies, financing, bans, and behavior change communication), and realistically accounts for partial adoption and use of improved cooking technology. It incorporates evidence from recent efforts to characterize the relevant set of parameters that determine those costs and benefits, including those related to intervention effectiveness. Practical aspects of the tool were modified based on feedback from a pilot testing workshop with multisectoral users in Nepal. To demonstrate the functionality of the BAR-HAP tool, we present illustrative calculations related to several cooking transitions in the context of Nepal. In accounting for the multifaceted nature of the issue of household air pollution, the BAR-HAP model is expected to facilitate cross-sector dialogue and problem-solving to address this major health, environment and development challenge.
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Lwiwa, Casiana, and Ole Nydal. "Sensible Heat Bean Cooker." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 42, no. 1 (2023): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v42i1.890.
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Alternative cooking energy to replace wood fuels is needed in the African context. Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is a solution but is still based on burning fossil fuel. Electrical cookers can be an alternative as well. However, for off-grid systems this means electrical batteries are required, as the solar electricity from Photovoltaic (PV) panels is intermittent, and as cooking is also to be made after sunset. Heat storage technologies can provide solutions where available energy is stored in the form of heat for cooking when needed. The challenge is then to develop systems which are robust, safe, and technically simple. A very simple small-scale solution is demonstrated here, for the particular case of cooking beans. An insulated iron cylinder is heated, either in a solar concentrator or by PV-powered heating elements. The stored heat can then be calibrated to the cooking of a given volume of beans. After the cylinder has reached the calibrated temperature during the charging, the pot can be placed and left on the top of the cylinder. When the energy is depleted, the beans should be ready cooked.
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Vanlandeghem, Marine, Bruno Desachy, Tammy Buonasera, et al. "Ancient arctic pyro-technologies: Experimental fires to document the impact of animal origin fuels on wood combustion." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 33 (October 1, 2020): 102414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102414.
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Remains of animal fuel and driftwood fires are evident in Birnirk and Thule sites of northwestern Alaska (AD 11th-14th century). To better understand these fires, a robust experimental protocol was designed to study the effects of multi-fuel fires, in particular, the addition of fat to woody fuels. In Arctic regions, permafrost and climate conditions do not allow for the development of tree vegetation. Marine mammal oil and bones served as fuel substitutes, as did locally shrubby vegetation and driftwood accumulations. The excavation of numerous thick burnt areas in many Arctic sites confirms the use of multiple fuels including wood, animal fat, and bone in large quantities. These burnt areas correspond to a wide range of fire activities—cooking, smoking, firing ceramics, and others—but the actions and effects of each fuel are still poorly known. We describe conditions necessary to achieve a reproducible and statistically representative experimental fire sample. We compared fuel combinations of driftwood or non-drifted wood, animal fat, and caribou bones over 55 combustions. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in a laboratory in France and on the coast of northwestern Alaska. We found that a minimum of 30 test assays was needed to obtain statistically significant results but many research avenues can be obtained from smaller series. We obtained key figures and descriptive data on the impact of different animal fuels on fire temperature and duration, as well as on the firewood spectrum, with important implications for the representation of different woody fuels and the fragmentation patterns of charcoals. We report a relatively rapid rate of formation for blackened and crusted sediments when seal oil is burned along with driftwood. This means that thick accumulations of burnt material may not be a reliable signal of long-term occupations and that the relationship between the duration of site occupation and fuel management deserves further study.
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Aggarwal, Raavi. "Modelling the effects of climate policy on firewood collection and women’s welfare in developing countries." Environmental Research: Climate 4, no. 1 (2025): 015006. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adad0a.
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Abstract Climate policies such as carbon taxes for emissions reduction could be detrimental to social welfare in developing countries. High energy prices could induce substitution towards traditional solid fuels such as fuelwood for cooking. Given fuelwood is primarily collected by women in low- and middle-income countries, climate policies may particularly affect women’s welfare. This article reviews the empirical evidence on climate policies, energy use and women’s well-being. Further, I develop a theoretical framework to characterise the potential effects of climate policy and complementary social policies on women’s welfare. The theoretical results show provision of clean cooking technologies and improved biomass cook-stoves, when complementary to fuel taxes, could improve women’s welfare and confer health and climate benefits in developing countries. The predictions of the theoretical framework are validated in the empirical literature.
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Mohajeri, N., S. Hsu, J. Milner, et al. "Quantifying national household air pollution (HAP) exposure to PM2.5 in rural and urban areas." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 10 (2023): 102012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/10/102012.
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Abstract According to WHO (World Health Organization), in 2020, 14% of people in global urban areas relied on polluting solid fuels and technologies, compared with 52% of the rural population. The health impacts of such inequality are massive. It was estimated that 3.2 million premature deaths per year (2020), particularly in low-income and middle-income countries due to household air pollution (HAP). Several studies provide estimates of the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from household air pollution (HAP-PM2.5) for users of different fuel/cookstove types in rural and urban areas. However, hardly any studies estimate the population-weighted exposure to HAP-PM2.5 at the global scale. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate PM2.5 exposure coefficients and their uncertainties for an annual average of HAP-PM2.5 personal exposure. The predicted HAP-PM2.5 exposure at the user level was used to estimate the national-level exposure for the population living in urban and rural areas. The results suggest that switching from polluting solid fuels (biomass, charcoal, coal) to cleaner fuels (gas and electricity) for heating and cooking can potentially reduce the national-level HAP-PM2.5 personal exposure on average by 53%. However, there exists a significant disparity between rural and urban areas, partly reflecting inequality in energy access. More specifically, switching from polluting solid fuels for heating and cooking to cleaner fuels can reduce the personal exposure to HAP-PM2.5 in rural areas by 54% and in urban areas by 38%. The study indicates that increased access to clean fuels and improved stove interventions are needed to achieve the goals of universal energy access and equality between urban and rural areas.
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Kazuva, Emmanuel. "Charcoal briquetting: Alternative energy sources and waste management solution for sustainable cities in Tanzania." Eco Cities 5, no. 1 (2024): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/ec.v5i1.2474.
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<p>This paper presents a report as part of a comprehensive study on the utilization of some forms of solid waste (SW) to make charcoal briquettes (CB) as an alternative fuel source in communities that are reliant upon traditional charcoal (TC) and wood as the primary cooking fuels. The study coincides with the Tanzanian government’s efforts to diminish reliance on wood and charcoal as a primary fuel source, particularly for large-scale consumers. Nevertheless, the government restriction on TC usage comes with little or no presentation of alternative sources that are both eco-friendly and economically sustainable. Introducing the mechanism that meets both environmental and economic criteria, the study employs a cross-sectional approach to collect the required data and uses experimental methods to evaluate the performance of the produced CB. Such tests focused on cooking duration, burning rate (BR), specific fuel consumption (SFC), and the general efficiency expressed by the percentage of heat utilized (PHU). In most cases, CB performs by far or less well than TC. Such results make the study important as it develops clean cooking technologies to solve the existing fuel crisis and improve health and environmental conditions from SW pollution while reducing deforestation, subsequent desertification, and climate change for sustainable environmental conservation.</p>
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Kazuva, Emmanuel. "Charcoal briquetting: Alternative energy sources and waste management solution for sustainable cities in Tanzania." Eco Cities 4, no. 2 (2024): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/ec.v4i2.2474.
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<p>This paper presents a report as part of the comprehensive study on the utilization of some forms of solid waste (SW) to make charcoal briquettes (CB) as an alternative fuel source in communities that are reliant upon traditional charcoal (TC) and wood as the primary cooking fuels. The study coincides with the Tanzanian government’s efforts to diminish reliance on wood and charcoal as a primary fuel source, particularly for large-scale consumers. Nevertheless, the government restriction on TC usage comes with little or no presentation of alternative sources that are both eco-friendly and economically sustainable. Introducing the mechanism that meets both environmental and economic criteria, the study employs a cross-sectional approach to collect the required data and uses experimental methods to evaluate the performance of the produced CB. Such tests focused on cooking duration, burning rate (BR), specific fuel consumption (SFC), and the general efficiency expressed by the percentage of heat utilized (PHU). In most cases, CB performs by far or less well than TC. Such results make the study important as it develops clean cooking technologies to solve the existing fuel crisis and improve health and environmental conditions from SW pollution while reducing deforestation, subsequent desertification, and climate change for sustainable environmental conservation.</p>
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Sahu, Skylab, and Smrutirekha Sahoo. "Bridging health and environment: Clean fuel access and tuberculosis in India." Environment and Public Health Research 3, no. 1 (2025): 2652. https://doi.org/10.59400/ephr2652.
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Air pollution, both outdoor and indoor, is a major health risk, contributing to diseases like respiratory infections, cardiovascular conditions, and cancer, particularly affecting vulnerable groups like children, women, and the elderly. Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) due to cooking, heating, and inadequate ventilation is a significant concern, especially in low-income countries where solid fuels like biomass and coal worsen pollution. Long-term exposure leads to chronic conditions such as Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while immediate effects include respiratory infections and headaches. IAQ also affects the spread of tuberculosis (TB), particularly in areas with poor healthcare. This study examines the link between access to clean cooking fuels and TB incidence in India, using data from 2000 to 2022. It explores whether improved access to clean fuels reduces TB rates, considering factors like health expenditure and community health workers. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression, and time series analysis were employed. The data reveals a steady increase in access to clean cooking fuels, from 22.6% in 2000 to 74.5% in 2022, with the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana likely contributing. TB incidence declined from 322 cases per 100,000 people in 2000 to 199 cases per 100,000 in 2022. Regression analysis shows a strong inverse relationship, explaining 94.1% of TB variance. However, socio-economic issues like poverty and illiteracy remain barriers, hindering TB control. India aims to eliminate TB by 2025, targeting an 80% reduction in incidence. While progress has been made, improving IAQ with clean cooking technologies like Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is crucial. Policies should focus on subsidies, alternative energy solutions, and rural infrastructure to achieve TB elimination and sustainable development goals.
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Ogbanga, Mina Margaret. "Assessment of the Barriers to the Adoption of Clean Energy for Household Cooking in Okrika Local Government Area." European Journal of Business and Social Sciences 12, no. 9 (2024): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13825348.
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<em>The adoption of clean energy for household cooking has become a critical issue in reducing environmental degradation and improving public health. This study assesses the barriers to the adoption of clean energy in Okrika Local Government Area, Nigeria, where traditional cooking fuels, such as firewood and kerosene, remain prevalent. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, including household surveys and interviews, to identify key factors hindering the transition to cleaner energy sources such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity. The results reveal that socio-economic constraints, including the high cost of clean energy technologies, lack of infrastructure, cultural preferences for traditional fuels, and limited awareness about the benefits of clean energy, are significant barriers. Additionally, unreliable energy supply and inadequate government policies exacerbate the challenge. The study concludes by recommending targeted interventions, such as financial incentives, community education programs, and improved energy infrastructure, to promote the widespread adoption of clean cooking solutions in the region. Addressing these barriers is crucial to enhancing household energy security, improving health outcomes, and reducing environmental impacts in Okrika.</em>
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Mochida, Takako, Andrew Chapman, and Benjamin Craig McLellan. "Exploring Energy Poverty: Toward a Comprehensive Predictive Framework." Energies 18, no. 10 (2025): 2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102516.
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Energy poverty focuses on energy affordability in developed nations but is most often used in the developing world in the context of a lack of access to electricity, clean cooking fuels, or technologies. About 1.2 billion people still lack access to electricity and nearly 40 per cent of the world’s population lacks access to clean cooking fuels. In addition, climate change mitigation strategies must be applied to a complex and diverse socio-technical landscape that varies across and within countries. Energy poverty is among the most pressing issues to be addressed within these strategies; however, due to the complexity of its causes, there is no commonly agreed upon evaluation approach or holistic set of indicators for its quantitative evaluation. In this study, a comprehensive literature review is undertaken on energy poverty measurement methods and definitions, and factors that cause energy poverty. Through this, exogenous and endogenous factors that are often overlooked in the assessment and prediction of energy poverty are identified. The need for an energy poverty prediction framework is identified, incorporating missing perspectives and elements needed to implement future energy poverty projections to enable proactive policy development. Missing perspectives included an increase in energy demand associated with the development of innovative technologies including artificial intelligence and automation, increasing fuel prices, and exogenous factors such as rising temperatures and increased acute disasters and endemic structural failures associated with climate change leading to employment impacts, all of which may be critical to the accurate prediction of energy poverty.
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Zulqarnain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff, et al. "A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020788.
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Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.
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Yaqoob, Haseeb, Yew Heng Teoh, Farooq Sher, et al. "Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092565.
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As non-renewable conventional fossil fuel sources are depleting day by day, researchers are continually finding new ways of producing and utilizing alternative, renewable, and reliable fuels. Due to conventional technologies, the environment has been degraded seriously, which profoundly impacts life on earth. To reduce the emissions caused by running the compression ignition engines, waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel is one of the best alternative fuels locally available in all parts of the world. Different study results are reviewed with a clear focus on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics, and the impact on engine durability. Moreover, the environmental and economic impacts are also reviewed in this study. When determining the combustion characteristics of WCO biodiesel, the cylinder peak pressure value increases and the heat release rate and ignition delay period decreases. In performance characteristics, brake-specific fuel consumption increases while brake-specific energy consumption, brake power, and torque decrease. WCO biodiesel cuts down the emissions value by 85% due to decreased hydrocarbon, SO2, CO, and smoke emissions in the exhaust that will effectively save the environment. However, CO2 and NOx generally increase when compared to diesel. The overall economic impact of production on the utilization of this resource is also elaborated. The results show that the use of WCO biodiesel is technically, economically, environmentally, and tribologically appropriate for any diesel engine.
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Baida, Louise Angele, and Philemon Bonaventure Ntang. "Does Globalization Improve Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking in African Countries?" Theoretical Economics Letters 15, no. 03 (2025): 651–73. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2025.153035.
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Barasa, Bernard, Loy Turyabanawe, Gertrude Akello, Paul Makoba Gudoyi, Claire Nabatta, and Andrew Mulabbi. "The Energy Potential of Harvested Wood Fuel by Refugees in Northern Uganda." Scientific World Journal 2022 (February 22, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1569960.
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For the last three decades, Uganda has lost considerable natural vegetation cover in the refugee settlements and buffer zones due to the high demand for wood fuel and timber. It is worthy to note that the supplies of wood fuel are more likely to dwindle in the near future. This study explored the determinants of harvested wood-fuel choices and their energy potential. It also examined the implemented energy conservation measures and constraints faced by the refugees both in Palorinya and Imvepi refugee settlements in Northern Uganda. The data were collected by conducting household interviews and collection of wood species samples for energy potential laboratory analysis. Findings indicate that the major sources of wood fuel were firewood, charcoal, briquettes, and biomass fuels. The major refugee choices that determined wood-fuel collection included the family size of the house hold, culture, method of cooking, type of food cooked, high poverty levels, and availability of family labour ( P ≤ 0.05 ). The sampled wood tree species had the highest energy potential were Celtis durandii (5,837 kcal/kg), Parkinsonia aculeata (5,771 kcal/kg), Delonix regia (5,153 kcal/kg), and Bligihia unijugata (5,034 kcal/kg). Access to wood fuel by the households was mainly constrained by limited household income levels, long distances trekked, and inadequate awareness about wood fuel sources and availability. To conserve wood fuel, the refugees deploy several measures including the use of mobile solar gadgets for cooking and lighting, taking up agroforestry, use of briquettes, adoption of energy-saving cooking stoves, and establishment of new woodlots. Therefore, to reverse this trend, the Ugandan government and development partners should prioritise energy investments by supporting cheaper energy alternatives such as mobile solar gadgets and energy-saving cooking technologies, and establishment of woodlots.
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Schöne, Nikolas, and Boris Heinz. "Semi-Systematic Literature Review on the Contribution of Hydrogen to Universal Access to Energy in the Rationale of Sustainable Development Goal Target 7.1." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041658.
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As part of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7), SDG target 7.1 recognizes universal electrification and the provision of clean cooking fuel as two fundamental challenges for global society. Faltering progress toward SDG target 7.1 calls for innovative technologies to stimulate advancements. Hydrogen has been proposed as a versatile energy carrier to be applied in both pillars of SDG target 7.1: electrification and clean cooking. This paper conducts a semi-systematic literature review to provide the status quo of research on the application of hydrogen in the rationale of SDG 7.1, covering the technical integration pathways, as well as the key economic, environmental, and social aspects of its use. We identify decisive factors for the future development of hydrogen use in the rationale of SDG target 7.1 and, by complementing our analysis with insights from the related literature, propose future avenues of research. The literature on electrification proposes that hydrogen can serve as a backup power supply in rural off-grid communities. While common electrification efforts aim to supply appliances that use lower amounts of electricity, a hydrogen-based power supply can satisfy appliances with higher power demands including electric cook stoves, while simultaneously supporting clean cooking efforts. Alternatively, with the exclusive aim of stimulating clean cooking, hydrogen is proposed to be used as a clean cooking fuel via direct combustion in distribution and utilization infrastructures analogous to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG). While expected economic and technical developments are seen as likely to render hydrogen technologies economically competitive with conventional fossil fuels in the future, the potential of renewably produced hydrogen usage to reduce climate-change impacts and point-of-use emissions is already evident today. Social benefits are likely when meeting essential safety standards, as a hydrogen-based power supply offers service on a high tier that might overachieve SDG 7.1 ambitions, while hydrogen cooking via combustion fits into the existing social habits of LPG users. However, the literature lacks clear evidence on the social impact of hydrogen usage. Impact assessments of demonstration projects are required to fill this research gap.
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Schöne, Nikolas, Raluca Dumitrescu, and Boris Heinz. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hydrogen-Based Cooking Solutions in Remote African Communities—The Case of Kenya." Energies 16, no. 7 (2023): 3242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073242.
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Hydrogen has recently been proposed as a versatile energy carrier to contribute to archiving universal access to clean cooking. In hard-to-reach rural settings, decentralized produced hydrogen may be utilized (i) as a clean fuel via direct combustion in pure gaseous form or blended with Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), or (ii) via power-to-hydrogen-to-power (P2H2P) to serve electric cooking (e-cooking) appliances. Here, we present the first techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen-based cooking solutions. We apply mathematical optimization via energy system modeling to assess the minimal cost configuration of each respective energy system on technical and economic measures under present and future parameters. We further compare the potential costs of cooking for the end user with the costs of cooking with traditional fuels. Today, P2H2P-based e-cooking and production of hydrogen for utilization via combustion integrated into the electricity supply system have almost equal energy system costs to simultaneously satisfy the cooking and electricity needs of the isolated rural Kenyan village studied. P2H2P-based e-cooking might become advantageous in the near future when improving the energy efficiency of e-cooking appliances. The economic efficiency of producing hydrogen for utilization by end users via combustion benefits from integrating the water electrolysis into the electricity supply system. More efficient and cheaper hydrogen technologies expected by 2050 may improve the economic performance of integrated hydrogen production and utilization via combustion to be competitive with P2H2P-based e-cooking. The monthly costs of cooking per household may be lower than the traditional use of firewood and charcoal even today when applying the current life-line tariff for the electricity consumed or utilizing hydrogen via combustion. Driven by likely future technological improvements and the expected increase in traditional and fossil fuel prices, any hydrogen-based cooking pathway may be cheaper for end users than using charcoal and firewood by 2030, and LPG by 2040. The results suggest that providing clean cooking in rural villages could economically and environmentally benefit from utilizing hydrogen. However, facing the complexity of clean cooking projects, we emphasize the importance of embedding the results of our techno-economic analysis in holistic energy delivery models. We propose useful starting points for future aspects to be investigated in the discussion section, including business and financing models.
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Pobłocki, Kacper, Juliusz Walczak, Joanna Drzeżdżon, and Dagmara Jacewicz. "KATALIZATORY WYKORZYSTYWANE W SYNTEZIE BIODIESLA." Wiadomości Chemiczne 76, no. 3 (2022): 129–44. https://doi.org/10.53584/wiadchem.2022.3.2.
Full textAbstract:
Rising prices of electricity, conventional fuels and heating require decisive steps in the further development of technologies based on renewable energy sources. These include geothermal-; hydrothermal-; aerothermal-; and solar energy. Due to the fact that the petrochemical industry is one of the fastest growing branches of the economy, we would like to expand on the topic related to biofuels. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional diesel. It is usually made from animal fat, vegetable oil and waste cooking oil. Its biodegradability, non- toxicity and lack of sulfur and aroma content make it superior to conventional gasoline and diesel. During fuel consumption, it emits fewer air pollutants and greenhouse gases other than nitrogen oxides. In this literature review, we will discuss the latest trends in the world related to catalysts used in biodiesel synthesis.
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Simkovich, Suzanne M., Kendra N. Williams, Suzanne Pollard, et al. "A Systematic Review to Evaluate the Association between Clean Cooking Technologies and Time Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (2019): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132277.
Full textAbstract:
Interventions implementing clean fuels to mitigate household air pollution in low- and middle-income countries have focused on environmental and health outcomes, but few have evaluated time savings. We performed a systematic review, searching for studies of clean fuel interventions that measured time use. A total of 868 manuscripts were identified that met the search criteria, but only 2 met the inclusion criteria. Both were cross-sectional and were conducted in rural India. The first surveyed the female head of household (141 using biogas and 58 using biomass) and reported 1.2 h saved per day collecting fuel and 0.7 h saved cooking, resulting in a combined 28.9 days saved over an entire year. The second surveyed the head of household (37 using biogas and 68 using biomass, 13% female) and reported 1.5 h saved per day collecting fuel, or 22.8 days saved over a year. Based on these time savings, we estimated that clean fuel use could result in a 3.8% or 4.7% increase in daily income, respectively, not including time or costs for fuel procurement. Clean fuel interventions could save users time and money. Few studies have evaluated this potential benefit, suggesting that prospective studies or randomized controlled trials are needed to adequately measure gains.
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Petrovic, Goran, Milos Madic, Danijel Markovic, Predrag Milic, and Gordana Stefanovi. "Multiple criteria decision making of alternative fuels for waste collection vehicles in southeast region of Serbia." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 5 (2016): 1585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci16s5585p.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper multiple criteria decision making approach of alternative fuels for waste collection vehicles in southeast region of Serbia was presented. Eight alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies were ranked according to thirteen criteria, including financial, socio-technical, and environmental. Assessment of alternatives was performed by using the weighted aggregated sum product assessment method and results were verified using multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis method. Considered criteria were obtained from previous researches and by assessment of professional experts from manufacturing industries, public utility companies, and academics institutions. The analysis showed that both biodiesel fuels - derived from used cooking oil or from vegetable oils are the best alternative fuels for Serbian waste collection vehicles in this point of time. Compressed natural gas-powered vehicles were also ranked high in this analysis, but due to the lack of financial capability for their purchase (especially in southeast region of Serbia), their gradual introduction into the waste collection fleet was proposed.
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W. Njiru, Christine, Sammy C. Letema, and Simon M. Maingi. "Socio-Economic Factors of Small Hydropower and Biogas Plants and their Implications for Rural Energy Poverty Alleviation in Kirinyaga, Kenya." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 8 (October 1, 2018): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.10.
Full textAbstract:
Energy is essential for sustainable development and for improving the socio-economic welfare of a community. Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from severe rural energy poverty and minimal access to modern energy services. Adoption of renewable energy technologies is often viewed as a way to alleviate rural energy poverty, but uptake is slow. Socio-economic factors, mainly household income, electricity access, fuels used for cooking, and land tenure, influence adoption of renewable energy technologies. This paper assesses the contribution of small hydropower and biogas technologies in alleviating rural energy poverty in Kirinyaga County, Kenya, where the majority of the population relies on traditional sources of energy. A case study research design was used, with a sample size of 178. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey, the review of project documents, and interviews. Five indicators were used to assess energy poverty. The results indicate medium to low energy poverty and energy stacking; with reliance on traditional sources of energy. Socio-economic factors influence adoption of SHP and biogas. Therefore, adoption of renewable energy technologies does not alleviate rural energy poverty because SHP and biogas are used to supplement rather than replace the use of traditional fuels.