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Journal articles on the topic 'Fuelwood'
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1
Ban, Putranto, and Joni Syariffudin. "PENGGUNAAN KAYU BAKAR UNTUK RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA SEKITAR TAMAN HUTAN RAYA RAJOLELO BENGKULU." Jurnal AGRISEP 4, no. 2 (March 4, 2005): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.4.2.33-41.
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The study aims to observe the use of fuelwood by people living near Tahura Rajolelo Bengkulu. This study explored two villages as the subjects, desa Dusun Baru I and desa Tanjung Terdana. Thirty-one (10% IS) households were selected (using stratified random sampling methods) as samples. Data of fuelwood consumption was measured by directly weighing the fuelwood used for daily activities. Fuelwood preference, methods of collecting fuelwood and other social-economic data were gathered by interviewing the selected families. From the study it was figured out that; (1) fuelwood consumption of the families in desa Dusun Baru I and Tanjung Terdana were very high, (2) the high consumption is the impact of the consumption for protecting cattle and the inefficient use of fuelwood for cooking, (3) the fuelwood consumption of the family was significantly affected by the number of people in the family, and (4) women held the main role in collecting fuelwood.Keywords: fuelwood, tahura, Rajolelo
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O'Keefe, Phil, and Barry Munslow. "Understanding fuelwood." Natural Resources Forum 13, no. 1 (February 1989): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1989.tb00845.x.
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O'Keefe, Phil, and Barry Munslow. "Understanding fuelwood." Natural Resources Forum 13, no. 1 (February 1989): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1989.tb00846.x.
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Otepka, Pavol, and Volodymyr Grynenko. "Trends and Perspectives of Fuelwood Production in Europe." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 15, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aree-2018-0002.
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Abstract The paper focuses on the identification of trends and perspectives of fuelwood production in most countries of Europe. The shortages in forest territories per capita have been considered as forest poverty and the level of forest poverty has been measured. The indicator of fuelwood production intensity, which is defined as fuelwood production per hectare has been evaluated for every country under consideration. The EU countries have been classified by fuelwood production effectiveness and forest poverty. Trends of fuelwood production have been determined and the forecast of fuelwood production have been developed for selected countries.
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Yang, Xiaojun, Jun Li, Jintao Xu, and Yuanyuan Yi. "Household fuelwood consumption in western rural China: ethnic minority families versus Han Chinese families." Environment and Development Economics 25, no. 5 (June 22, 2020): 433–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x20000200.
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AbstractThis paper examines ethnic differences in fuelwood consumption in rural households, using an original survey dataset from two western Chinese provinces with large ethnic minority populations. We use a Heckman two-stage selection model to explain the quantity of fuelwood consumed conditional on a decision to use fuelwood. We find that ethnic minority families are more likely than majority Han Chinese families to use fuelwood. We also find that a household's off-farm income has a stronger negative effect on the quantity of fuelwood consumed for the ethnic minority families than for the Han Chinese families. In addition, families owning a larger area of forestland are more likely to use fuelwood. Yet the quantity of fuelwood consumed, especially in ethnic minority families, does not increase with owned forestland. Finally, we find that coal, rather than electricity, is a substitute for fuelwood for residential cooking and heating.
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Shrestha, Raj Bahadur. "Inadequate supply of fuelwood and timber from forests of Nepal." Banko Janakari 9, no. 2 (July 2, 2017): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v9i2.17662.
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The existing public supply of fuelwood does not meet the demand of growing population. While peoples' need of fuelwood is being met mostly from government forests legally or illegally, and some from community and private lands, the government will soon find it difficult to compensate 69% of fuelwood energy from the depleting forest. Appropriate technologies such as biogass, improved stoves, etc. should be promoted to reduce fuelwood consumption. Also, appropriate harvesting technology could help improve fuelwood and timber supply system of the country.
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Sinadouwirou, Théophile Abaro, Aliou Dicko, Eméline Assede, Samadori Sorotori Honoré Biaou, and Armand Kuyema Natta. "Traditional uses of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. (Fabaceae) and potential for its valorisation as fuelwood." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 4 (October 29, 2022): 1434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i4.7.
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Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. is a common multipurpose small tree species of Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean savannahs with high potential for use as fuelwood but little valued in forestry programs. The present study aimed at assessing the current local uses of D. microcarpum, factors determining its use as fuelwood and determine the geographical areas with the socio-cultural groups which is most suitable for its integration into fuelwood programs. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among 1074 people selected randomly. Factors determining D. microcarpum use as fuelwood were identified through a binary logistic regression. Factorial Correspondence Analysis established the relationship between socio-cultural groups and the use of D. microcarpum parts or organs. A total of 62.47% of respondents know and use at least part of D. microcarpum. The trunk and branches are the most used organs (35.12%), primarily as fuelwood. The determinants of D. microcarpum use as fuelwood are the phytogeographic district (a proxy for the resource availability), gender, sociolinguistic group, and educational level. D. microcarpum is more used as fuelwood by women. The use of D. microcarpum as fuelwood is more pronounced in about 63% of the national territory. This study confirms the potential of D microcarpum as fuelwood to be promote.
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Koroma, A. H., A. Mansaray, and A. Sesay. "Assessment of the Extent and Causes of Fuelwood Collection in the Surrounding Communities of Kasewe Reserved Forest, Sierra Leone." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 7 (November 23, 2021): 1271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i7.24.
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Seven (7) communities living in and around the Kasewe forest reserved were sampled to assess the extent and causes of fuelwood collection from the reserved forest involving 50 individuals in stratified random technique with a view to evaluate the degree and reasons for fuelwood collection from the Kasewe reserved forest. Data obtained indicate a high frequency of fuelwood harvest in the forest throughout the year. The significant factors affecting such decisions were availability and accessibility, ensure fast cooking process, and cost-effective. In addition, fuelwood activities were intensive throughout the year but peaks late dry season. Hence 48 (96%) of respondents stated forest degradation as one of the significant threats posed by fuelwood collectors to the forest. The study indicates that 100% of the collector are unemployed this was mainly the reason why residents of those communities collect fuelwood from the reserved forest. However, this study concluded that fuelwood collectors were selective over the kind of species they harvest, but the preferred species were not replanted. Fuelwood in the study area is not restricted to domestic use as it is also sold to augment local income. The sale of fuelwood is probably the biggest threat to sustainable utilization of fuelwood and the forest. Therefore, this study recommends that alternatives sources of livelihood and energy be created, among other recommendations for resident communities that will reduce the frequency of harvest from the forest.
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Smith, K. T., G. Kennedy, P. B. Shah, and H. Schreier. "A district evaluation of fuelwood resources in Nepal." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69594-5.
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This paper assesses the production/consumption situation for fuelwood for each district of Nepal over the period 1981 to 2034. The inventory data base for forestry produced by the Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP 1986) formed the basis for the assessment. The purpose of the fuelwood assessment is to provide results which can be used to direct foreign aid and policy attention to those districts having the most serious fuelwood problems. The results indicated that 21 of the 75 districts in Nepal were in a deficit position for fuelwood in 1981. Under current conditions of use and management, an additional 26 districts could be expected to become deficient in fuelwood sometime between 1982 and 2034. Keywords: districts of Nepal, fuelwood production/consumption
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Murphy, David M. A., Julia Berazneva, and David R. Lee. "Fuelwood source substitution, gender, and shadow prices in western Kenya." Environment and Development Economics 23, no. 6 (July 19, 2018): 655–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x1800027x.
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AbstractFuelwood scarcity creates a widespread environmental problem that places a major burden on women and children in the rural areas of developing countries. Consequently, many governments, donors and non-governmental organizations have encouraged on-farm fuelwood production and agroforestry practices. Whether, however, fuelwood from different sources can be easily substituted is an important empirical question as the degree of substitutability can depend on local markets and households' resource endowments and incomes. In this paper, we examine the substitution between three fuelwood sources among rural households in western Kenya: fuelwood collected off-farm, fuelwood produced on-farm, and that which is purchased. Using household-specific shadow prices for fuelwood and male and female wages, we find that strict gender divisions in household labor result in limited substitution between fuelwood sources. Among the implications are that programs and policies promoting agroforestry will have limited success without first addressing the structural differences in labor markets.
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Chandra, Anup, and R. Kalita. "Fuelwood utilization in Majuli River Island of Assam." Indian Journal of Forestry 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-188k1k.
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A survey was conducted on demand and supply of fuelwood in the Majuli subdivision of Jorhat district of Assam. People of the area are mainly rural and cultivation is the main source of livelihood. A total of 490.30 tons of fuelwood is extracted annually. The share of supply of fuelwood from homestead, bamboo stead and forest is 88%, 7% and 5% respectively. The per capita extraction of fuelwood in the region is 613 kg yr-1. The total consumption of fuelwood is 375.63 t yr-1. Out of this, 89% is mainly consumed in cooking, 9% in community function and rest 2% in cremation. The per capita consumption of fuelwood is 470 kg yr-1 in the region. There is a huge amount of fuel wood i.e. 114.67 tons is found to be surplus in the region that counts 30.53 percent of the total consumption. The per capita surplus of fuelwood is 143 kg yr-1. A total of 19 species of fuelwood are in use in the area. Out of which, the most preferred fuel wood species is Melia azedarach (Ghora neem) followed by Albizia lucida (Moj).
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Ghanbari, Sajad, and Christel C. Kern. "Fuelwood Harvest and No Harvest Effects on Forest Composition, Structure, and Diversity of Arasbaran Forests—A Case Study." Forests 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121631.
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The impact of fuelwood harvesting on forest structure and composition is not clear, especially on the understudied and scarce Arasbaran forests in Iran. This research compared woody species density, species diversity, forest composition, and regeneration status in areas of continuous and ceased fuelwood harvesting in Arasbaran forests. We expected fuelwood harvesting to decrease stem density, species diversity, tree size (diameter at the breast height (DBH) and height), and shift composition away from preferred fuelwood species. We measured woody species size and frequency and identified species in three fuelwood harvest and three no harvest sites, with six sample plots (100 m × 50 m) per site. Results tended to show differences in composition, diversity, woody species height, and density. Carpinus orientalis, a preferred fuelwood species, tended to be more dominant in no harvest (importance values index (IVI) = 173.4) than harvest areas (IVI = 4.4). The diversity or richness of woody species tended to be higher in harvest (20 ± 1 species per ha) than in no harvest (14 ± 2 species per ha) areas, and other measures of diversity supported this trend as well. Harvest areas tended to also be characterized by shorter tree height and lower density of trees, a higher density of regeneration, and fewer small pole-sized trees than no harvest areas. Ongoing fuelwood harvests may further shift composition and structure away from no harvest area, compromising future fuelwood availability, but further detailed research is needed. Close to nature practices may be useful in sustaining fuelwood harvest areas and diversifying areas where fuelwood harvesting has ceased.
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Pandey, H., S. Rajmohan, S. Bung, and S. Y. Bhutia. "Comparative Study of Factors Affecting Dependency of Households on Dry Deciduous Forest in Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh (India)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 943, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/943/1/012025.
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Abstract The rural and tribal communities of Madhya Pradesh’s Shivpuri District depend on forest resources for meeting their domestic energy needs, forest products, and employment. Under Green India Mission, households were randomly selected and surveyed. The data of 61 households from 3 villages of Satanwada range (dry deciduous forest) and 131 households from 4 villages in Pichhore range (dry deciduous scrub forest) was collected through semi-structured questionnaire interviews and direct observation. Generalised Linear Model was used to determine the major factors affecting fuelwood collection. The study revealed the factors affecting the amount of fuelwood collection in Satanwada and Pichhore. Family size of households near to the forest negatively affected the amount of fuelwood collected; opportunity cost of fuelwood collection was lower for them than for families living further away from the forest in Satanwada. In Pichhore, LPG consumption reduced the amount of fuelwood collected, while cow dung complimented the quantity of fuelwood collected. Since the availability of fuelwood was scarce, alternate energy resources became determining factors of the amount of fuelwood collected. In both ranges, the distance of the forest from households had a positive effect on the quantity of fuelwood consumed due to higher opportunity cost and degradation of adjacent forests. The study also revealed a strong correlation between the sampled population percentage of women in villages and the sampled village cattle count. The study also showed the difference of fuelwood collection in Satanwada (8.8 ± 0.6 kg) and Pichhore (6.8 ± 0.4 kg) suggesting that forest degradation correlates with lesser utilisation of forest resources. Hence, the study justifies the need of synergy between public rural provisions of alternative fuel sources with afforestation programs.
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Ogujiuba, Kanayo, and Naseer Muazu. "Unclean Energy Source Dependence and Sustainability in Nigeria: Consumption Dynamics and Impact of Contextual Factors." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13663.
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Fuelwood is the primary energy source for throughout the developing world. This, indiscriminate use of fuelwood as energy jeopardizes the environment, and well-being of the people. Despite Nigeria being the energy giant in Africa, most of her people still depend on unclean energy [fuelwood] for cooking, heating, and boiling. This article underlines the dynamics and essential impacts of social cum economic and demographic indexes on household unclean energy dependence. We interviewed 994 household fuelwood consumers, using a two-stage stratified random sampling technique. We used the delineated Enumeration Areas for Katsina State, Nigeria for socioeconomic data. The test re-test reliability method (trustworthiness assessment of the questionnaire) and Cronbach Alpha test (internal constancy) resulted in a value of 0.70 and 0.875 respectively. Using descriptive statistics and logit regression, findings indicate a high level of fuelwood energy dependence among households. Findings show that education level, employment status, and household structure have an opposite and highly statistically substantial relationship with the likelihood of household dependence on fuelwood, while age and household size move in the same trajectory and highly statistically substantial association with the likelihood of family dependence on fuelwood. Thus, the most difficult challenge facing Nigeria as per household dependence on unclean energy (fuelwood) is that the use of fuelwood increase economic, environmental, and health dangers. dangers and It has therefore become imperative for a paradigm shift in policies to change the current narrative toward clean energy.
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Shackleton, C. M., J. Gambiza, and R. Jones. "Household fuelwood use in small electrified towns of the Makana District, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i4a3394.
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Access to secure energy supplies is a key foundation for sustainable development. Consequently local planning and development initiatives must be based on a sound knowledge of the energy use patterns and preferences of local users. This paper reports on such for three small urban settlements in the Eastern Cape Province, with a particular focus on fuelwood use. Despite widespread electrification over a decade ago, and perceptions that the ease of fuelwood collection was declining, most households continued to use fuelwood for cooking and space heating, whereas electricity was favoured for light-ing. The most common reason for this was because fuelwood was cheap (or free) compared to electric-ity. Annual demand was approximately 1 450 kg per household per year. Households that collected their own supplies of fuelwood were significantly poorer than those that either bought their stocks, or those that did not use fuelwood at all. Indigenous species were favoured over exotic species, although fuelwood vendors traded mostly in exotic species, particularly Eucalyptus and wattle. The greater reliance of poorer and unelectrified households on fuelwood requires that local authorities consider this in energy planning, otherwise the poor will be neg-lected in policies such as the Free Basic Electricity.
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Slay, J. Melinda, B. G. Lockaby, J. C. Adams, and C. G. Vidrine. "Effects of Site Preparation on Soil Physical Properties, Growth of Loblolly Pine, and Competing Vegetation." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/11.2.83.
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Abstract Competing vegetation, seedling survival, and growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were evaluated one year following four site-preparation techniques in north Louisiana. The treatments were chop and burn, windrow, fuelwood harvest, and fuelwood harvest followed by a herbicide. Physicalsoil properties were evaluated before and after treatment application. The study was designed as a randomized complete block and was installed on a Gore silt loam (Vertic Paleudalf) soil. Windrowing significantly increased surface bulk densities. Fuelwood had significantly higher bulk densityvalues for subsurface samples. In comparisons among treatments, surface bulk densities for the windrow treatment were significantly higher than both of the fuelwood treatments. The fuelwood treatment was significantly higher in competing vegetation while the fuelwood followed by a herbicidetreatment was significantly lowest. The fuelwood followed by a herbicide ranked significantly higher in seedling height, ground line diameter, and volume. Seedling growth was inversely related to competing vegetation dry weight. There were no significant differences among treatments in seedlingsurvival. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):83-86.
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Ali, Bulama, Norzanalia Saadun, Norizah Kamarudin, Mohamad Azani Alias, Nolila Mohd Nawi, and Badrul Azhar. "Fuelwood Value Chain in Northern Nigeria: Economic, Environment, and Social Sustainability Concerns." Forests 14, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050906.
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The increased fuelwood demand and commercialization activities in Nigeria over the years have incurred various sustainability issues and concerns along the fuelwood value chain. This study employed value chain analysis to examine the sustainability of the fuelwood value chain in Yobe, Nigeria, in relation to economic, environmental, and social aspects. From the analysis, it was found that fuelwood business activities were conducted by registered licensed actors (formally) and informally by non-licensed actors who do not register with the government agency that controls forest-related activities. Profit was not equally distributed along the value chain, whereby 65% of the total profits were reaped by the transporters. Natural forests were the main source of fuelwood, with 18 tree species being preferred and commonly traded by both formal and informal chain actors. Women’s participation in the formal fuelwood value chain was limited and mainly concentrated in the informal chain. The findings of this study can inform policymakers to enhance the sustainability of fuelwood production and trade along the value chain, especially in terms of profit sharing, exploitation of forest resources, and gender equality.
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ORR, ALASTAIR, BLESSINGS KAMBOMBO, CHRISTA ROTH, DAVE HARRIS, and VINCENT DOYLE. "ADOPTION OF INTEGRATED FOOD-ENERGY SYSTEMS: IMPROVED COOKSTOVES AND PIGEONPEA IN SOUTHERN MALAWI." Experimental Agriculture 51, no. 2 (September 11, 2014): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000222.
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SUMMARYWe analyse the adoption of an Integrated Food-Energy System (IFES) in southern Malawi. The IFES combined the improved cookstove (chitetezo mbaula in Chichewa), designed to reduce demand for fuelwood, with the pigeonpea variety Mthawajuni, which increased both food supply and supply of fuelwood from pigeonpea stems. Adoption of the improved cookstove was found to be higher among households that were better off and where women had greater control over decision-making. However, adoption of the IFES was not associated with reduced demand for fuelwood from forests and hills or reduced frequency of collection. IFES adopters might have high fuelwood consumption because they were better off, but fuelwood consumption in better-off households did not differ significantly between IFES adopters and non-adopters. Pigeonpea increased food supply for adopter households, including children aged less than five years. Consequently, the IFES has had mixed results, improving food supply but not reducing demand for fuelwood. Households ranked early maturity, fuelwood and yield as the three most important reasons for preferring Mthawajuni over other varieties of pigeonpea. The plant breeding programme for pigeonpea in Malawi should evaluate improved varieties not only for earliness and grain yield but also for the production of fuelwood. Improved varieties with desirable market traits have had limited success in the absence of reliable markets and price incentives.
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PATTANAYAK, SUBHRENDU K., ERIN O. SILLS, and RANDALL A. KRAMER. "Seeing the forest for the fuel." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 2 (April 2, 2004): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x03001220.
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We demonstrate a new approach to understanding the role of fuelwood in the rural household economy by applying insights from travel cost modeling to author-compiled household survey data and meso-scale environmental statistics from Ruteng Park in Flores, Indonesia. We characterize Manggarai farming households' fuelwood collection trips as inputs into household production of the utility yielding service of cooking and heating. The number of trips taken by households depends on the shadow price of fuelwood collection or the travel cost, which is endogenous. Econometric analyses using truncated negative binomial regression models and correcting for endogeneity show that the Manggarai are ‘economically rational’ about fuelwood collection and access to the forests for fuelwood makes substantial contributions to household welfare. Increasing cost of forest access, wealth, use of alternative fuels, ownership of kerosene stoves, trees on farm, park staff activity, primary schools and roads, and overall development could all reduce dependence on collecting fuelwood from forests.
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Evans, Arthur W., and Richard G. Parker. "Fuelwood Processing in New Hampshire Becomes a Mature Industry." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.2.76.
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Abstract In the past few years, New Hampshire's fuelwood processing industry has changed. The majority of output no longer comes from many small entrepreneurs, but from traditional multiproduct loggers. Ninety-four percent of the fuel-wood is marketed by producers whose annual output is over 100 cords. Most are integrated logging businesses; sawlogs are the major product, but fuelwood averages 30% of the output. Whole tree chips comprise 19% of the fuelwood output. Survey respondents reported that profit margins were satisfactory for cordwood and marginal for biomass chips. With more multi-product harvesting, and larger, better equipped fuelwood contractors, forest managers may be better able to utilize increased fuelwood demand to improve forest management. North. J. Appl. For. 4:76-78, June 1987.
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Banerjee, Polash. "Conservation of Forest, Based on a Fuelwood Substitute as Well as Considering the Cultural and Spiritual Values: An Optimal Fuelwood Harvest Model." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0009.
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Abstract Excessive fuelwood harvest is a major cause of deforestation in developing countries. To mitigate this, various preventive measures have been introduced in different countries. The availability of affordable substitutes to the community dependent on the forest for domestic energy consumption may prevent further forest degradation. A stock-dependent optimal control model of fuelwood harvest from a natural forest is presented here and comparative statics has been used to show that the presence of a fuelwood substitute will reduce its harvest and increase the forest stock. The model indicates that the availability of cheaper and high-energy content alternatives for fuelwood can substantially reduce fuelwood extraction from a forest. Also, a lower discount rate and higher cultural and spiritual values (CSV) will keep the optimal forest stock close to its carrying capacity and reduce fuelwood harvest. The model reveals that the maximum sustainable yield of forest stock and the ratio of energy content per unit mass of fuel plays a central role in the fate of forest stock and the level of fuelwood harvest. An empirical example of the Southeast Asian Forest growth model along with Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a substitute has been used to illustrate the results. The outcomes of this study can be incorporated into forest conservation policies.
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Wharton, Eric H. "Fuelwood Telephone Surveys: How Accurate Are They?" Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.3.119.
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Abstract To obtain fuelwood information in the Northeast, the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, telephones forestland owners who have harvested fuelwood or allowed fuelwood to be harvested from their land. Results from a study conducted on the accuracy of these landowner responses indicate that forestland owners can roughly estimate the volume of fuelwood that was harvested from their land but do not know the kinds of trees harvested or the type of forestland from which the trees were harvested. North. J. Appl. For. 8(3):119-122.
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V, CHELLAMUTHU, BALASUBRAMANIAN T.N, and PALANIAPPAN SP. "CHARCOAL RECOVERY FROM Prosopis juliflora FUELWOOD AND ROOTSTOCK." Madras Agricultural Journal 83, November (1996): 713–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01094.
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Studies on charcoal recovery from fuelwood billets of different dia classes (<2.5 cm, 2.6 to 4.5 cm, 4.6 to 6.5 cm, 6.6 to 8.5 cm, 8.6 to 10.5 cm and >10.5 cm) as well as from the rootstocks (10.5 cm dia) of Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC revealed that charcoal recovery increased with the increase in diameter of fuelwood billets. Comparing the charcoal recovery per cent between the fuelwood billets and root stock of P juliflora of the same dia class (>10.5 cm), the charcoal recovery was more from rootstocks than fuelwood billets.
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Serrano-Medrado, Montserrat, Adrián Ghilardi, and Omar Masera. "Fuelwood use patterns in Rural Mexico: a critique to the conventional energy transition model." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 77 (November 30, 2018): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.077e04s.
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This article presents an historical account of patterns of household fuelwood use in Mexico from 1960 until the present. The results of scenarios outlining the likely evolution of future fuelwood use according to different socio-demographic and technological variables are offered up to 2030 along with the expected environmental impacts. Mexico is an interesting case as it went from importing oil to becoming an oilexporting country during the historical period under analysis and the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) intensified in the residential sector. However, rather than exhibiting a sharp decline in fuelwood use, as would be expected from the energy transition model, we observe that fuelwood use has remained almost constant for more than 40 years. In fact, rather than completely switching to LPG, a large portion of rural and small-town households adopted a fuel-stacking strategy, combining both fuels on a long-term basis. We conclude by examining the implications of the current patterns of fuelwood use and fuel-stacking in terms of future fuelwood consumption, numbers of users and emissions of greenhouse gases.
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Patil, Dhaneshwar B., Moni Thomas, Anubha Upadhyay, A. K. Bajpai, Manish Bhan, and A. K. Bhowmick. "Harnessing Fuelwood from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp." International Journal of Economic Plants 9, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0454.
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A two-year field trial on lac production on Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. was conducted on the research field of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh of India following randomized block design during 2019-20 and 2020-21. After harvest of C. cajan seeds and lac as cash crops, the left-over wood of C. cajan was evaluated for fuelwood (as an energy stove) for the small and marginal farm households. The mean dry weight of total fuelwood (including shoot+root) varied from 1196.67 to 1393.67 g plant-1 in pooled data. The estimated mean weight of total fuelwood (root+shoot) of C. cajan varied from 1447.98 to 1686.34 kg ha-1 in pooled mean of both the years. The value of total (shoot+root) dry fuelwood per plant varied from Rs. 7,239.85 to Rs. 8,431.70 in pooled mean of both the years. This total fuelwood can fulfill daily household requirement of fuelwood upto 3 years (891 to 1037 days) @ 4.06 kg day-1 household-1.
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Chandra, A., R. Kalita, H. Mishra, and V. Rawat. "Demand and Supply of Fuelwood in the Jorhat District of Assam – A Case Study." Indian Journal of Forestry 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2005-ylc2k2.
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A massive survey of demand and supply of fuelwood in the Jorhat district of Assam was conducted in 1999 and 2000. Stratified sampling technique was used in the study. Total supply and consumption of the fuelwood in the district is 470084 and 494103 tonnes per year respectively. About 24019 tonnes of fuelwood, which accounts for 5 per cent of total consumption, is found to be deficit. Per capita fuelwood consumption in the district is 466 kg. Out of the total supply, homestead contributes 79% while forest and bamboo stead contribute 8 and 13% respectively. A total of 35 different fuelwood species are being exploited for energy. It seems that there is acute scarcity of suitable species for firewood in the region. As the population of the region increases there will be huge demand for fuelwood in the coming years. Therefore, more emphasis should be given for scientific selection of suitable firewood species and people should be mobilized to take up large-scale energy plantation for fulfilling their demand.
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Sotelo Montes, Carmen, John C. Weber, Tougiani Abasse, Dimas A. Silva, Sandra Mayer, Carlos Roberto Sanquetta, Graciela I. B. Muñiz, and Rosilei A. Garcia. "Variation in fuelwood properties and correlations of fuelwood properties with wood density and growth in five tree and shrub species in Niger." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 6 (June 2017): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0497.
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Information about variation and correlations of fuelwood properties and growth is needed in order to recommend species and sites for fuelwood production in a changing climate in Africa. We investigated the effects of site variables (land use, soil, terrain), geographical coordinates, and mean annual rainfall on fuelwood properties (volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content, moisture content, gross calorific value, gross calorific value per cubic metre, and fuel value index) of Combretum glutinosum Perr., Combretum micranthum G. Don., Combretum nigricans Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr., Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel., and Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst. and correlations of fuelwood properties with wood density and growth (height, stem diameter, and ring width) in Niger. We hypothesized that wood density, fixed carbon, and gross calorific value were positively correlated with one another and that fixed carbon and gross calorific value were positively correlated with growth. Most effects of site variables, geographical coordinates, and mean annual rainfall on fuelwood properties differed among species. Fuel value index was greater on rocky soils than on sandy soils. Wood moisture content of three species was greater in drier locations than in more humid ones. Correlations of fuelwood properties with wood density and growth differed among species. Based on this and previous research, we recommend parkland agroforests and sites with rocky soils and higher mean annual rainfall for fuelwood production.
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PALMER, CHARLES, and JAMES MACGREGOR. "Fuelwood scarcity, energy substitution, and rural livelihoods in Namibia." Environment and Development Economics 14, no. 6 (February 25, 2009): 693–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x08005007.
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ABSTRACTIn Namibia, as in many parts of Africa, households are highly dependent on forest resources for their livelihoods, including energy needs. Using data originally collected for Namibia's forest resource accounts and insights from a non-separable household model, this paper estimates household fuelwood demand. Specifically, the factors underlying the substitution between fuelwood collected from open access forest resources, cow dung, and fuelwood purchased from the market are analysed. Heckman two-step estimates show that households respond to economic scarcity, as measured by the opportunity costs of collecting fuelwood, by reducing energy consumption slightly more than by increasing labour input to collection. There is limited evidence for substitution from fuelwood to other energy sources, particularly with declining availability of forest stocks. Market participants may be more sensitive to price changes than non-participants. All estimated elasticities are low, similar to those observed in previous studies.
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MATSIKA, RUWADZANO, BAREND F. N. ERASMUS, and WAYNE C. TWINE. "A tale of two villages: assessing the dynamics of fuelwood supply in communal landscapes in South Africa." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 1 (September 21, 2012): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000264.
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SUMMARYFuelwood is the dominant source of energy used by most rural households in southern Africa to meet daily domestic energy requirements. Due to limited financial resources, most rural households are unable to make the transition to electricity thus they remain dependant on the woodlands surrounding their settlements as a source of cheap energy. Unsustainable fuelwood harvesting due to increasing demand as a result of growing human populations may result in environmental degradation particularly in the high-density, communal savannah woodlands of South Africa. Evaluating the sustainability of current fuelwood harvesting patterns requires an understanding of the environmental impacts of past logging practices to establish patterns of woodland degradation. This study evaluates impacts of fuelwood harvesting from 1992–2009 on the woodland structure and species composition surrounding two rural villages located within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve (Mpumalanga Province, South Africa). Both villages (Welverdiend and Athol) were of similar spatial extent and exhibited similar socioeconomic characteristics. The total wood stock in the communal woodlands of both villages declined overall (with greater losses seen in Welverdiend) and, in Welverdiend, there were also changes in the woodland structure and species diversity of the species commonly harvested for fuelwood over this period. The woodlands in Welverdiend have become degraded and no longer produce fuelwood of preferred species and stem size in sufficient quantity or quality. The absence of similar negative impacts in Athol suggests more sustainable harvesting regimes exist there because of the lower human population and lower fuelwood extraction pressure. The Welverdiend community has annexed neighbouring unoccupied private land in a social response to fuelwood scarcity. Athol residents behaved similarly during drought periods. The potential for future conflict with neighbouring conservation areas within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere is high if current land uses and fuelwood extraction patterns are maintained.
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MOHAMMED, Ummi Khalthum. "Fuelwood Gap Theory: Exploring Fuelwood Source Regions in Northern Nigeria’s Drylands." AFRIGIST JOURNAL OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2, no. 1 (November 16, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/jgst/v2i2.1.
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Fuelwood consumption has for a while been assumed to be the ultimate cause of forest degradation, and if not checked could lead to forest disappearance. This is owed to the fact that over 90 per cent of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa is dependent on the resource as a source of energy. Hence, this paper investigates the conformity of the major fuelwood source regions of Northern Nigeria to the Fuelwood Gap Theory. The objectives are; to examine the source regions' vegetation cover and identify the regions' major activities. The methods employed include triangulation of field surveys, Maximum likelihood supervised classification and Post Classification comparison. On average 77 trees were cut down for every 3600m2 of farmland. From the maximum likelihood supervised classification result, six major classes were identified namely: forest, water body, woodland, farmlands, built-up area and bare surface. From the post-classification done, Dukku Forest Reserve lost 132.9km2 of the forest class from 1990 to 2018. For the same period, the forest class in Falgore Game reserve increased by 173.36km2. Lastly, in Rafin Chiyawa Forest Reserve the forest class decreased by 276km2 from 1990 to 2018. The major activities at the sites include agriculture, sand mining, fuelwood collection and rearing of animals. This indicated that the Fuelwood Gap Theory does not hold for the three Forest Reserves. It is recommended that The Fuelwood Gap Theory be modified to look at forest degradation from a fuelwood consumption-agricultural activities nexus.
ResumeLa consommation de bois de feu a longtemps été considérée comme la cause ultime de la dégradation des forêts qui, si elle n’est pas maîtrisée, pourrait entraîner la disparition des forêts. Cela est dû au fait que plus de 90% de la population de l’Afrique subsaharienne dépend de la ressource comme source d’énergie. Par conséquent, cet article étudie la conformité des principales régions sources de bois de feu du nord du Nigéria à la théorie de l’écart de bois de feu. Les objectifs sont les suivants : examiner le couvert végétal des régions sources et identifier les principales activités dans les régions. Les méthodes employées comprennent la triangulation des enquêtes sur le terrain, la classification supervisée du maximum de vraisemblance et la comparaison des postes de classification. En moyenne, 77 arbres ont été abattus pour 3600m2 de terres agricoles. À partir du résultat de la classification supervisée selon la probabilité maximale, six grandes classes ont été identifiées, à savoir : forêt, plan d’eau, boisé, terres agricoles, zone bâtie et surface nue. D’après la post-classification effectuée, la réserve forestière de Dukku a perdu 132,9 km2 de la classe forestière de 1990 à 2018. Pour la même période, la classe forestière dans la réserve de Falgore a augmenté de 173,36 km2. Enfin, dans la réserve forestière de Rafin Chiyawa, la classe forestière a diminué de 276 km2 entre 1990 et 2018. Les principales activités sur les sites comprennent l’agriculture, l’extraction de sable, la collecte de bois de feu et l’élevage d’animaux. Cela indique que la théorie de l’écart de bois de feu ne tient pas pour les trois réserves forestières. Il est recommandé de modifier la théorie de l’écart de bois de feu pour examiner la dégradation des forêts à partir d’un lien entre la consommation de bois de feu et les activités agricoles.
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Cuthbert, A. L., and C. M. Dufournaud. "An Econometric Analysis of Fuelwood Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 4 (April 1998): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a300721.
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Four models are estimated to examine the consumption of fuelwood in selected countries of Sub-Saharan Africa from 1970 to 1990. Using a two-stage least squares estimation technique, we use the models to analyze the effects of income and price on fuelwood demand. Variables included in the models are income, price, and precipitation with a dummy variable based on level of development. The best model yields an income elasticity of 0.39 and a price elasticity of −0.28, indicating that fuelwood is a superior, normal good. Attending to the mounting concerns about fuelwood depletion in Sub-Saharan Africa, we feel the results provide insights for the formulation of effective energy policies. Specifically, policy measures that simultaneously address household income and fuel price are required. Increasing household income, directly with income supplements or indirectly with the provision of energy-efficient cookstoves, has the potential to decrease fuelwood consumption. Similarly, price reforms that force the price of energy to reflect its real economic cost encourage more efficient consumption.
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Lindsay, John J., and Alphonse H. Gilbert. "The Availability of Fuelwood from Vermont's Nonindustrial Private Forest Lands (NIPF)." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.2.57.
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Abstract Vermont's nonindustrial, private forest lands (NIPF) have the potential of supplying 3.3 million cords of fuelwood annually to the Northeast energy market. Annual commercial production levels during the energy crisis of the early 1980s, however, only reached 660,000 cords; 342,000 cords came from NIPF. An additional 340,000 cords were cut and consumed by NIPF owners. Low stumpage prices, landowner self-consumption, adverse esthetic impacts, and low stumpage volumes restricted the actual amount of NIPF wood sold to the region's commercial energy market. Fuelwood harvest in Vermont was associated with large parcel sizes (>100 ac), the landowner's personal use of fuelwood, and the existence of a forest management plan. Even under these conditions, the percentage of NIPF owners willing to sell to the commercial market remained small (25%). If fuelwood is to establish itself as a reliable energy resource in the Northeast, large ownerships must be protected from subdivision and fuelwood stumpage prices must increase dramatically. North J. Appl. For 8(2):57-59
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Ngulani, Thembelihle, and Charlie M. Shackleton. "Fuelwood Production and Carbon Sequestration in Public Urban Green Spaces in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Forests 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050741.
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Trees in public urban green spaces provide a variety of ecosystem goods and services that are greatly appreciated by urban residents. A commonly used good, especially in Global South regions, is that of fuelwood for household energy needs. Yet the production potential of fuelwood from public urban green spaces has rarely been examined. This study quantifies the fuelwood production and allied carbon sequestration potential of 12 public urban green spaces in Bulawayo (Zimbabwe) stratified across neighborhoods of different housing densities. We estimated tree density in the green spaces by means of line transects, and annual production through estimates of the mean annual increment of a sample of marked trees. We found that Bulawayo’s public green spaces produce 1.9 t/ha/yr of fuelwood with a value of $340 to $490/ha/yr, and that production varied across spaces and housing density neighborhoods. This production is much lower than the documented demand but it is likely to be significant for fuelwood-dependent households. In contrast, the amount (1010 ± 160 kg/ha/yr) and value (US$4.04/ha/yr) of carbon sequestration were lower. Formal public green spaces produced more fuelwood as compared to informal green spaces and no difference was evident in tree growth rates between exotic and indigenous tree species. This is one of the first studies to show the value of the fuelwood production and carbon sequestration potential of public green spaces in the region and continent and requires that they are integrated into public urban green space policies, planning, and management in the city.
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B. Mfundisi, Kelebogile, and Michael K. Commeh. "Clean Cookstove Technology Use for Energy Efficiency in the School System." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 9 (July 26, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v9i0.04.
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Globally, clean cookstoves represent the best substitute for open fire biomass stoves in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fuelwood. Prospects to transfer this technology to Botswana are being explored. Our research objectives were to transfer the clean Institutional Cookstove (IC) technology to Okavango Research Institute (ORI), quantify the amount of mopane (Colophospermum mopane) fuelwood it consumes in comparison to the traditional biomass energy system, and analyze its potential to be used as a substitute for the open fire cooking method. The clean IC technology transfer to ORI was successfully completed before testing its energy efficiency and financial viability. It consumed approximately two-thirds less fuelwood than the traditional three stone stove. This presents an opportunity for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from fuelwood consumption in Botswana. This is a critical consideration in an environment where there is limited readily available fuelwood. The use of clean cookstoves allows enhanced carbon sequestration by live mopane woodland resources. A financial viability analysis of implementing the clean IC in primary schools showed that it has the potential to save money spent on fuelwood. Our case study provides essential pertinent results on the energy efficiency of the developed prototype, which forms a basis for further research on the use of clean cookstoves for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from fuelwood consumption in Botswana and the entire Cubango-Okavango River Basin. A comprehensive analysis of cultural barriers to adoption of the technology will be carried out through piloting the construction of the clean cookstove.
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Akeh, Gabriel Igbe, Babayo Mohammed Adamu, Haruna Adamu, and Shuaibu Mohammed Ade. "Determinants of Household Fuelwood Consumption in Public Residential Estates in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 27, no. 5 (May 18, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i5682.
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The type of energy utilized by households is a good reflection of the quality of life and socio-economic development in any given country. Unfortunately, the continued dependence on traditional fuels such as fuelwood as a major source of energy for domestic purposes particularly in Nigeria is generating concerns due to its negative environmental, socio-economic and health effects. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the factors that drive household fuelwood consumption in public residential estates in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A survey questionnaire was used to elicit data from a sample of 355 household-heads that were selected using systematic random sampling technique from a population of 3,192 households. The data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square regression analysis. The results revealed that gender, marital status, larger household size and prices of alternative fuels had positive and significant correlation with the quantity of fuelwood consumed in households while higher level of education, higher income; location of residence, share of dwelling and prices of fuelwood were significant and negatively related to fuelwood consumption. It is recommended that stakeholders and policy makers in the energy sector should vigorously promote access to affordable and modern energy sources for household cooking activities by subsidizing the prices of modern fuels and increasing the availability of electricity supply to households. This will go a long way to reducing the rate of indoor air pollution and other environmental consequences associated with the use of fuelwood in the study area. Finally, there is the need for proactive enlightenment campaigns with a view to strengthening public awareness on the deleterious effects of the consumption of solid fuels such as fuelwood in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
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Johnson, V., and R. Tomkins. "Fuelwood scarcity in Swaziland." International Journal of Ambient Energy 10, no. 2 (April 1989): 59–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.1989.9675126.
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Brito, JoséOtávio. "Fuelwood utilization in Brazil." Biomass and Bioenergy 12, no. 1 (January 1997): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0961-9534(96)00052-9.
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Garbacz, Christopher. "Residential demand for fuelwood." Energy Economics 7, no. 3 (July 1985): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-9883(85)90008-8.
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McKiel, Charles G., and Thomas P. Husband. "Seasoning Mixed-Oak Fuelwood." Journal of Forestry 84, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/84.7.17.
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Csatári, Nándor. "Application fields of wood as a renewable energy source in Europe." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 47 (July 18, 2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/47/2423.
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Fuelwood, and wood wastes provide almost half of the renewable energy production of the European Union. Enhancing the use of wood in renewable energy production has more constraint than wind- or solar energy. Forests in the EU member states are sustainably used, they are increasing both in terms of area, and growing stocks. There are possibilities to enhance the fallings and use more fuelwood. Short rotation coppices could fulfill the long term demand for fuelwood; because these plantations surpass the dendromass yield of forests.
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Eshetu, Sintayehu, and Yemiru Tesfaye. "Contribution of Fuel Wood Income from Natural Forests to Household Economy in Delanta District, Northeastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2024 (May 15, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8768568.
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For Ethiopia’s rural homes, particularly those in the Delanta district, fuelwood is the primary energy source. This suggests that the impact of fuel wood from the forest to family energy use or income is significant. The goal of the current study was to estimate how much annual fuel wood harvested from forests contributes to household consumption and monetary income. 96% of the forest’s income comes from fuelwood. In the study area, it contributes 2,013,539 Birr, or 33%, of all family income. 703,014 ETB, or 23.8% of the total subsistence income, and 1,310,525 ETB, or 40.65% of the total cash income of the tested households, are both covered by fuelwood from the forest. Both socioeconomic and physical characteristics close to the users influenced how dependent a household was on fuelwood income from the forest. The data obtained from randomly selected households by survey method have been subjected to multiple regression analysis and obtained that households’ reliance on fuelwood income from the forest was significantly influenced by factors such as age, educational level, number of trees owned, distance to forest, distance to market, and nonforest income, all of which had a negative and significant impact. The only significant factor that significantly and positively influences reliance on fuelwood income from the forest is the number of family members. Therefore, preserving a natural forest through the use of alternative energy sources, such as electricity, or encouraging a plantation on one’s own property is a potential discipline for mandating climate change prevention.
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Clary, Warren P., and Arthur R. Tiedemann. "Fuelwood Potential in Large-Tree Quercus gambelii Stands." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/2.3.87.
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Abstract Five high volume stands of large-tree Quercus gambelii Nutt. were sampled to assess fuelwood potential. Sampled stands of this clonal species had stem densities equivalent to 2400-4100 per hectare. Mean stem diameters varied from 15.1-24.6 cm. The average live stem had an oven-dry biomass of 82.5 kg and marketable fuelwood of 67.5 kg. Equivalent values for standing dead stems were 22.5 and 20.2 kg. Total tree biomass (live and dead standing stems) was 292.1 t (metric)/ha. Marketable fuelwood biomass was 245.1 t/ha. Retail fuelwood market values for these large-tree stands ranged from $11,144-$44,740/ha cut, split, and delivered to the customer. Stumpage price that could be charged by the landowner for standing trees varied from $1,175-$4,716 per hectare of stand. West. J. Appl. For. 2(3):87-90, July 1987.
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Siebert, Stephen F., James P. Lassoie, and Mark B. Lapping. "Fuelwood Cooperatives: Their Role and Development in the Northeastern United States." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.4.137.
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Abstract Characteristics of and requirements for successful establishment and operation of fuelwood cooperatives were assessed by evaluating nine currently or recently operating New England fuelwood cooperatives. Three types of cooperatives were identified—consumer, processing, and producer. The importance of maximizing local member-patron participation in all facets of cooperative action and of restricting government and professional forestry involvement to educational and forestry assistance are illustrated. Churches are identified as a potential source of assistance in attempts to establish and operate fuelwood cooperatives. North. J. Appl. For. 3:137-139, Dec. 1986.
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Shackleton, Charlie, Gisele Sinasson, Opeyemi Adeyemi, and Vusumzi Martins. "Fuelwood in South Africa Revisited: Widespread Use in a Policy Vacuum." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 11018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711018.
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South Africa has experienced massive urbanisation and socioeconomic development over the past two decades. Concomitantly, the national energy policy focuses on the provision of modern fuels, notably electricity, for domestic use. Given this policy environment and socioeconomic development, we examine pertinent literature and policies from South Africa on fuelwood use, value, and sustainability to understand how it might have changed in tandem with the national shifts in urbanisation and socioeconomic development over the last 20 years. Recent literature shows that fuelwood is still used to some extent by 96% of rural households and 69% of low-income urban ones. We also estimate that the use of fuelwood by rural households alone is valued at approximately ZAR 10.5 billion (approx. USD 700 million) annually, with the probability of an equally high value to low-income urban households. However, despite the extensive use and high value, our analysis of cognate national policies related to energy, forestry, environment, and social development, show that fuelwood and its use is hardly considered, indicating a policy vacuum. This policy vacuum means that there is no strategic or apposite support or interventions in any localised areas where fuelwood demand might exceed supply, thereby undermining the livelihoods and energy security of affected citizens, most notably the poor.
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Desta, Hailu Manaye, and Cherinet Seboka Ambaye. "Determination of Energy Properties of Fuelwood from Five Selected Tree Species in Tropical Highlands of Southeast Ethiopia." Journal of Energy 2020 (March 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3635094.
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The aim of this study was to determine the energy properties of fuelwood samples which are preferred and used by local communities. The study used both cross-sectional survey of households and field survey. Systematic household sampling was used for household and random sampling for tree species. The chosen sample sizes for households in the study were 134. The cross-sectional survey of the local community on orderly preference of fuelwood consumption listed Acacia nilotica, Acacia etbaica, Olea africana, Acacia seyal, and Acokanthera schimperi. However, for the laboratory result and detail principal component analysis (PCA) of tree species in their density and moisture, ash, volatile, and fixed carbon contents, Olea africana was strongly recommended for fuelwood preference followed by Acacia nilotica, Acacia etbaica, Acacia seyal, and Acokanthera schimperi. The identification of community preference and scientific assessment on fuelwood consumption on different tree species will enhance the expansion of their plantation program in the region.
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Bulama, A., N. Saadun, N. Kamarudin, M. A. Alias, and N. M. Nawi. "Structure and Characteristics of Fuelwood Supply Chain in Yobe, Nigeria." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 28, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.3.212.
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Fuelwood commercialization activities provide a source of livelihood in Nigeria. Despite its economic significance, the industry has been kept out of the formal economies due to a lack of supportive data on the structure and characteristics of the industry. This study investigates the structure of the supply chain and examines the chain actors' roles and functions to understand the issues within the supply chain activities. Data were collected through key informants' interviews and observations. The study found that fuelwood business activities were conducted formally by licensed actors and informally by non-licensed actors. Benefits received and issues experienced by actors were related to the formality of the business. Heavy reliance on natural forests for fuelwood production among chain actors can add pressure on the forest resources and ecosystem. Therefore, significant intervention is needed for the industry which includes policy and programs related to fuelwood plantation and management, government support, licensing education, and collaborations among all stakeholders to improve supply chain activities.
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Onyekuru, Anthony NwaJesus, Eric Eboh, and Chukwuma Otum Ume. "Effects of relative pricing of alternative cooking energy sources on their substitution between rural and urban households in Enugu State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i1.8.
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This study investigated the effects of relative pricing of alternative cooking energy sources on their substitution. The study was conducted in Enugu State Nigeria using primary data collected from two hundred and four households from rural and urban areas of the state, using structured questionnaires. The information collected were pattern and levels of energy use, relative pricing of alternative energies and energy substitution pattern. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and Chow test. Results show that the energy sources used in the rural areas are fuelwood (51.5%) and kerosene (48.5), while those used in the urban areas are fuelwood (30.6%), charcoal (31.6%), kerosene (33.7%) and liquefied petroleum gas (4.1%). There was a relative cross inelastic nature of the energy sources. The price of fuel wood varied inversely and directly with quantities of kerosene demanded in the rural and urban areas, respectively, while the price of charcoal had an inverse relationship with the quantities of kerosene consumed in both urban and rural areas. In particular, policies geared towards subsidizng cost of kerosene and LPG and making them more readily available will lead to reduction in the use of fuelwoods and charcoal in both the rural and urban areas, thereby reducing excessive pressure on our forest and green house gas emission..Keywords: Energy substitution, energy pricing, forest conservation
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Ellis, Gene. "In Search of a Development Paradigm: Two Tales of a City." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 4 (December 1988): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00015445.
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One of the most pressing problems confronting development planners in Africa is how to increase local supplies of fuelwood. As explained in a donorcommissioned report at the begining of the current decade:1. Not nearly enough trees are being planted to meet future rural and urban needs: during the next 20 years, ‘annual fuelwood planting will need to increase by about 15 times over current levels’, and even this assumes optimistically that ‘up to a fourth of future fuelwood demand will be met by conservation or… alternative fuels’. In fact, negligible resources are being devoted to establishing new ‘plantations of any significant size’.2
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MacKenzie, John, and Thomas F. Weaver. "A Household Production Analysis of Fuelwood Demand in Rhode Island." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 15, no. 1 (April 1986): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00001331.
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A model analyzing household substitution of fuelwood for other heating fuels is needed to clarify the relationship between energy prices and patterns of forest resource utilization. This paper employs the household production methodology to model fuelwood demand in Rhode Island. Data from a cross-sectional survey of 515 households are employed to test a discrete-choice model of household participation in wood-burning and a four-equation system modeling household production of heat and aesthetic benefits from fuelwood and stove capital. Control of selection bias via inclusion of an appropriate instrument allows analysis of aggregate demands. Some broad policy prescriptions applicable to the Northeast generally are presented.
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Kandie, K., Wilson k. Kipkore, and P. O. Odwor. "Fuelwood Supply Consumption and Dynamic on Forest Resource in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Turkana County Kenya." American Journal of Environmental Economics 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2024): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajee.v3i1.2042.
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Forestry is a source of livelihood for many farmers and rural households in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the utilization of fuelwood in Africa contributes greatly to desert encroachment and consequently has implications with regard to climate change. Its, little to understand about the drivers and dynamics of fuelwood consumption in Kenya and other African countries. This study is to analyze determinants of refugee camp forest resource utilization efficiency Kakuma refugee camp Turkana county. It accomplishes two broad objectives:( 1) To analyse utilization of fuelwood from indigenous tree species supplied to the camp, the profitability of firewood supplied to the local market and a growing body of evidence on the influence of utilization of fuelwood in the camp in the refugee camp, as the host community get cash from the refugees and food ration in exchange with the resource (Fuelwood) in a household’s level. It embraced a mixed methods approach embedded with an explanatory research design for concurrent triangulation. The study interviewed a total of 296 respondents through HH questionnaires, the KII Tool and FGD Guide. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic framework approach while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential (correlations) statistics on SPSS. Results suggest that even with minimal investment in both productive and non-productive assets (M=2.40) and SD=0.99) from cash purchase of fuelwood from agencies, there is significant negative effect (r=0.139) and P=0.05) between asset accumulation and poverty reduction among targeted household. study reveals that the provision of alternative sources of energy has the potential to reduce overdependence on wood fuel by the refugees in Kakuma Kenya. Therefore, the government ought to support other cheaper energy alternatives like alternatives gadgets and energy-saving cooking technologies, while the local administrators should integrate the refugee needs in the development plans for equal distribution of resources at large