Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fuite du flux magnétique'
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Fnaiech, Emna-Amira. "Développement d'un outil de simulation du procédé de contrôle non destructif des tubes ferromagnétiques par un capteur à flux de fuite." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752882.
Full textFnaiech, Emna Amira. "Développement d’un outil de simulation du procédé de contrôle non destructif des tubes ferromagnétiques par un capteur à flux de fuite." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112311/document.
Full textThe principle of the non destructive testing by magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is to magnetize the part to be inspected by a magnetic field and to detect a flaw thanks to magnetic leakage field lines due to the strong decreasing of the magnetic permeability in the flawed region. In order to improve the performance of detection, the CEA and the Vallourec society collaborate to develop a numerical model dedicated to the virtual NDT of longitudinal defects in ferromagnetic tubes. The experimental system includes a magnetic circuit rotating at a constant speed around the tube to be inspected. The modeling task is started without considering the effects of the rotational speed, so the magnetostatic regime is considered to solve the modeling problem. In the framework of this thesis, we propose to compare a semi-analytical approach based on the formalism of integral equations method (IEM) and a purely numerical approach using finite element method (FEM).In the first part of this thesis, the theoretical formalism was established. A first simple discretization scheme is been implemented in the linear regime considering a constant magnetic permeability. This first numerical model has been validated for a simplified MFL configuration extracted and modified from the literature.For better detection, it is wishable to magnetically saturate the piece under-test. The ferromagnetic material is then characterized by a B(H) curve. Therefore, the second part of the thesis was devoted to the implementation of the model in the non-linear regime that takes into account this non-linear characteristic. Different discretization schemes have been studied in order to reduce the number of unknowns and the computational time. The originality of the thesis lies in the use of basis function of high order (Legendre polynomials) associated to a Galerkin approach for the discretization of integral equations. The first numerical result has been validated on a simplified MFL system. The first results of the experimental validation based on simulated data obtain by FEM have been performed in two steps. The first one consists to verify the distribution of the magnetic field for a ferromagnetic tube without any defect and in the magnetostatic regime. The objective of the second one was to compute the response of the flaw and to evaluate the effects of the rotational speed of the magnetic circuit around the tube
Djafa, tchuspa Steve moses. "Développement et optimisation d'un modèle numérique 3D pour la simulation d'un système dédié au contrôle non destructif des tubes ferromagnétiques par flux de fuite." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953405.
Full textCavallera, Didier. "Contribution au renvoi de tension et à la reconstitution du réseau. Identification des paramètres d'un réseau. Estimation des flux rémanents dans un transformateur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732191.
Full textDarmet, Guillaume. "Transport cinétique dans un plasma de fusion magnétique à flux force." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0424.
Full textBadi, Siham. "Interfaces optoélectroniques ultra-rapides pour l'électronique supraconductrice à quantum de flux magnétique." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368297.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les interfaces optoélectroniques permettant de détecter et échantillonner les impulsions quantifiées résultant de la commutation des jonctions Josephson shuntées qui composent les circuits RSFQ. Nous avons développé une approche théorique et expérimentale de la sensibilité des photocommutateurs destinés à la détection d'impulsions RSFQ. Nous avons utilisé des photocommutateurs MSM (Métal-Semiconducteur-Métal) rapides de structure planaire à base d'Arséniure de Gallium épitaxié à basse température (AsGa-BT). Les caractéristiques physiques du matériau semi-conducteur telles que la résistance d'obscurité, la mobilité des porteurs libres et la durée de vie sont les paramètres clé pour obtenir des impulsions ultracourtes. La bonne résolution temporelle est donc assurée par les propriétés physiques du matériau. Un modèle basé sur un circuit hyperfréquence équivalent, a permis de prédire le comportement hyperfréquence du photocommutateur, éclairé ou non éclairé, lors du passage d'une impulsion RSFQ. De plus, ce modèle permet d'étudier l'influence des paramètres géométriques du photocommutateur sur la sensibilité de ce dernier. Nous avons déduit que le photocommutateur à gap à base d'AsGa-BT est bien adapté pour la détection des signaux subpicosecondes de faible amplitude.
Pariat, Etienne. "Injection de flux et d'hélicité magnétiques dans l'atmosphère solaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108682.
Full textAprès avoir introduit cette problématique, à partir d'observations multi-longueurs d'onde (FGE, TRACE, SoHO, THEMIS), je montre pourquoi les tubes de flux magnétiques adoptent une forme ondulée au niveau de la photosphère et que des reconnexions magnétiques sont nécessaires à la progression des tubes de flux dans l'atmosphère solaire. Je présente ensuite les résultats d'une simulation numérique MHD 3D portant sur l'étude des conditions topologiques du déclenchement de la reconnexion magnétique. Enfin j'expose mes travaux analytiques sur la densité de flux d'hélicité magnétique, et leurs applications aux observations solaires.
Cette étude permet de faire le lien entre la génération de l'hélicité magnétique dans l'intérieur solaire, son injection et sa redistribution dans la couronne solaire et son éjection dans le milieu interplanétaire.
Yzet, Thierry. "Débitmétrie hépatique par IRM de flux : validation et application clinique." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIED005.
Full textFlow measurements using Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging was evaluated at the hepatic level for the portal trunk and the proper hepatic artery. After modification of a medical image processing software developed in-situ, this method of flow IRM was validated for healthy subjects and was compared to Doppler examinations. The variabilities of velocities and flow measurements significantly appear weaker and more reproducible using IRM compared to Doppler ultrasound examination. The application of the technique for pathological populations made it possible to confirm commonly known physiological data and thus allow a non-invasive functional exploration in clinical practice during a standard morphological MRI examination. New developments then appear possible: quantification and evolution of the hepatic fibrosis stages or clinical responses to anti-antigenic therapies as possible examples
Dolisy, Bastien. "Étude d’un moteur supraconducteur à flux axial avec une transmission magnétique supraconductrice intégrée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0079/document.
Full textThe study of an axial-field high temperature superconducting (HTS) motor for applications requiring high torque densities is proposed. The HTS motor consists of a stator with copper winding and an inductor with superconducting coils. A HTS magnetic coupler is used as a part of the system, to transmit the torque from the HTS motor to the load. This solution is a good alternative to the usually used torques tubes as it results in the reduction of conduction thermal losses and offers an intrinsic protection against overloads. To evaluate the performance of the studied device, a 3D electromagnetic analytical model has been developed. This model takes into account the dependence on the applied magnetic field and temperature of the HTS material. Finally, a genetic algorithms optimization of the studied device is carried out to find the optimum geometric dimensions. The results show that the proposed solution (machine with magnetic coupling) is about 2 to 3,5 times more compact than a conventional machine drive solution. An axial-field HTS motor with integrated magnetic coupling has been also designed, constructed and tested. The test results have been checked by 3D finite element computations
Levilly, Sébastien. "Quantification de biomarqueurs hémodynamiques en imagerie cardiovasculaire par résonance magnétique de flux 4D." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0007.
Full textIn cardiovascular imaging, a biomarker is quantitative information correlated with an existing or growing cardiovascular pathology. Biomarkers are generally obtained by anatomy and blood flow imaging. Recently, the 4D Flow MRI sequence opened new opportunities in measuring the blood flow within a 3D volume along the cardiac cycle. However, this sequence is a compromise between signalto-noise ratio, resolution and acquisition time. Allocated time being limited, velocity measurements are noisy and low resolution. In that context, biomarkers' quantification is challenging. This thesis's purpose is to enhance biomarkers' quantification and particularly for the wall shear stress (WSS). Two strategies have been investigated to reach that objective. A first solution allowing the spatiotemporal filtering of the velocity field has been proposed. It revealed the importance of the wall for the velocity field modelization. A second approach, being the major contribution of this work, focused on the design of a WSS quantification algorithm. This algorithm, named PaLMA, is based on the local modelization of the wall to build a velocity model near a point of interest. The WSS is computed from the velocity model. This algorithm embeds an a posteriori regularization step to improve the WSS quantification. Besides, a blurring model of 4D Flow MRI is used for the first time in the WSS quantification context. Finally, this algorithm has been validated over synthetic datasets, with carotids' complex flows, concerning the signal-to-noise ratio, the resolution, and the segmentation. The performances of PaLMA are superior to a reference solution in that domain, within a clinical routine context
Mehdaoui, Ahmed. "Caractérisation de supraconducteurs haute température critique par susceptibilité initiale dans la limite des champs magnétiques faibles : relation entre champs critiques dynamiques et homogénéité." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0174.
Full textBui, Viet Phuong. "Diagnostic des machines électriques par l'analyse du champ magnétique de fuite : application à l'identification de défauts rotoriques d'un alternateur à vide." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00187238.
Full textDi, Marcello Eric. "Synthèse dans les flux de sels de grains fins d'hexaferrite de baryum pour l'enregistrement magnétique." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0034.
Full textIosif, Christina. "La compétition de flux comme facteur prédictif de la perméabilité des branches artérielles collatérales après mise en place des stents de diversion de flux dans les artères intracrâniennes." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0002/document.
Full textThe outcome of jailing arterial branches that emerge near intracranial aneurysms during flow-diverting stent deployment remains controversial. We report an animal research study aiming to elucidate the role of collateral supply in the hemodynamic changes and neointimal modifications resulting from jailing arteries with flow-diverting stents. To serve this purpose, we sought to quantify the hemodynamic changes at the jailed arterial branches immediately after stenting, as well as quantify the ostia surface values at three months post-stenting, in the presence or absence of collateral arterial flow. Methods After a priori power analysis, two groups (A, B), each containing seven large white swine, were created according to an animal flow model for terminal and anastomotic arterial circulation. Group A corresponded to an arterial configuration with anastomotic type of arterial supply for the territory of the right Ascending Pharyngeal artery (APhA) and group B to an arterial configuration of terminal type of arterial supply for the territory of the right APhA. Subsequently, all animals were stented by flow-diverting stents, jailing the right ascending pharyngeal arteries. Mean flow rates and velocities inside the jailed branches were quantified before and after stenting by time-resolved, 3D, phase contrast MRA. After three months the jailed ostia surface values were quantified on scanning electron microscopic images. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and group comparisons with parametric and non-parametric tests.Results Endovascular procedures were feasible, without in situ thrombus formation or ischemic DWI findings on post-procedure MRIs. Immediately following stenting, mean flow rate values at the jailed right ascending pharyngeal arteries were reduced in group A, as compared to the pre-stenting values [P = 0.0008, power: 0.9548]. In contrast, mean flow rates for group B remained similar to the pre-stenting values. At three months post-stenting, mean ostia surface values were significantly higher for group B (527,911 ± 306,229 μm2) than for group A (89,329 ± 59,762 μm2) [P< 0.01, power: 1.00], even though the initial dimensions of the jailed ostia were similar between groups. A statistically significant correlation was found between group (A or B), mean flow rates post-stenting and ostia surface values at three months. ConclusionWhen important collateral supply was present, jailing side arteries with flow-diverters resulted in an immediate, significant reduction in flow rate inside these arteries, as compared to the pre-stenting values. In contrast, when competitive flow was absent, jailing did not result in significant flow rate reductions inside the jailed arteries. Ostium surface values at three months were significantly higher in the terminal group of jailed arteries, compared to the anastomotic group and strongly correlated with the velocity value reductions post- stenting. Key words: flow-diverting stent, collateral arteries, endothelialization, ostium, embolization, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging
Loubeyre, Pierre. "Imagerie des vaisseaux par résonance magnétique : des méthodes sensibles au flux à celles dépendantes de la relaxation sanguine." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T075.
Full textGirin, Fanny. "La « sécurité » en fuite : la construction du contrôle à partir des relations entre groupes dans une raffinerie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0214/document.
Full textThe theme of security generally invites to consider work practices in hazard industries from the point of view of rules. This thesis shifts the questioning towards the analysis of a non-explicit activity in a formal organization: the maintenance of facilities. A diffuse collective is formed on this basis; it units several sited collectives, defined from the organization without being restricted to it. The maintenance consist in catching up an efficient operation that constantly escapes beyond any control, due to material deterioration of facilities and to just-in-time constraints. In an urgency atmosphere, the workers try to avoid accidents and production arrests, intricately linked and always latent. They regulate their cooperation by trying to gain control on machines and on their own career paths, and thus on the composition of collectives. In parallel, security procedures relate to a larger bureaucratic apparatus, which is both elusive and omnipresent. On behalf of « security », this latest is supposed to conciliate just-in-time production with accident prevention through a control of workforces. It intervenes in practice as a benchmark but mainly as a threat: workers, unable to measure the deviations from reality to requirements, fear to be charged in case of accident. Participative actions supposed to improve this apparatus do not allow emphasizing the uncontrollable nature of machines. The members of the diffuse collective thus avoid participating in order to minimize the hierarchical hold on the in-house-built social order
Moulin, Renaud. "Dimensionnements et essais de moteurs supraconducteurs." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10051/document.
Full textAn important part of electrical machines research activities focus on superconducting motors. In fact, an important magnetic field and high current are possible with these materials, used at low temperature, generally 4 to 77K. These two parameters allow an interesting motor development, with higher electrical power and a minimal overcrowding. In front of high magnetic flux and high current superconducting caracteristics and bulk screening effect, we suggest several superconducting motors development. We developed and realized a 250kW synchronous superconducting motor, with a rotating superconducting inductor. Then, using 3D finite element software, we introduce an original superconducting inductor topology, nammed "pan coupé". Besides, we show new test and development of the magnetic flux concentration motor constructed 4 years ago
Yakam, Simen Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de l'écoulement veineux par imagerie de flux R. M. N." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT107H.
Full textTeissier, Maurice. "Auto-amorçage d'une génératrice asynchrone triphasée autonome en charge équilibrée ou non." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10293.
Full textDahmane, Mansour. "Machine à reluctance variable en fonctionnement moteur/générateur : contribution à l'optimisation de la structure et de l'alimentation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL086N.
Full textThe model of the Switched Reluctance Machines (SRM) is established. It is based on the knowledge of an analytic function of the flux which is calculated using a finite element code. We propose an interpolation method called method of Krigeage to obtain a function of the flux twice derivable according to the phase current and to the position of the rotor. We use this model to calculate the performances, in motor and generator modes, of three machines: three phases (structure 6/4), four phases (structure 8/6) and five phases (structure 10/8) with fixed current of the continuous source and fixed extemal dimensions. We show that the performances of this machines decrease with the speed. To resolve this problem, we propose to feed (in motoring and generating modes) the SRM by several structures of converters which are equipped with different boost capacitor circuit
Achard-Lichere, Cécile. "Phlébographie par résonance magnétique indépendante du flux : techniques et perspectives dans le diagnostic non-invasif des thromboses veineuses profondes." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11094.
Full textBavay, Mathias. "Compression de flux magnétique dans le régime sub-microseconde pour l'obtention de hautes pressions et de rayonnement X intense." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112100.
Full textIn order to study the feasibility of creating an intense X ray source for France, the Centre d'Études de Gramat (CEG) is investigating several technologies. The Syrinx project is looking at the potential of High Pulse Power technologies for Isentropic Compression Experiments, High Temperatures Hohlraums and Radiation Hardening (X rays between 1 eV and 10 eV radiated by a Z-pinch). Then it is necessary to provide a power amplification stage allowing electrical currents of the order of 10 MA with a hundred nanoseconds rise rime to be delivered to the load. Usually, generators use pulse forming lines or plasma opening switches. Magnetic Flux Compression, another power amplification possibility, is studied in this dissertation. It has enabled the compression of the 100 ns pulse of the Z machine (Sandia National Laboratories) into a 40 ns pulse and the compression of the 1 ms pulse of the ECF generator (CEG) into a 100 ns pulse. This technology bas the advantage of a characteristic implosion time less than a micro second avoiding many of the problems the explosive driven flux compression ran into. This research work consisted initially in finding the right parameters for several codes (circuits codes, plasma codes. . . ) in order to adapt them to the Flux Compression. These numerical tools have then been used to design experiments on Z and ECF. These experiments have reached 5 Mbar with shock and more than 2 Mbar in isentropic compression as well as 110 eV in a hohlraum. Insights gleaned from the interpretation of the shots have been compared to our understanding of the power amplification system and of the loads. Finally, this allows us to improve our numerical tools and to optimize the Flux Compression concept. The work which has been done should lead to the extrapolation of the concept to an X ray generator of the 60 MA class
Higazi, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'étude des profils des vitesses des fluides dans les conduites par l'imagerie de flux RMN." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30032.
Full textScorretti, Riccardo. "Caractérisation numérique et expérimentale du champ magnétique B. F. Généré par des systèmes électrotechniques en vue de la modélisation des courants induits dans le corps humain." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/rscorret.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the developpement of models and numerical tools, to simulate the induced phenomena inside the human body, within the frequency range 50Hz-100KHz. Two main problems have to be solved : find the spatial distribution of a magnetic field generated by a power system (stray fields) ; compute the currents, which are induced by these stray fields inside the human body. Field radiated by a known system : classical numerical methods are not well adapted to this problem (they are too expansive) : we present a 3D model, which takes into account only the "essentials" of the system. Field radiated by an unknown system : we have developed several models of equivalent source, basing upon the concept of multipole. The parameters of these models are fitted from some local measurements of the flux density. Finally, we have developed a special formulation using finite elements, in order to compute the induced current density inside the human body
Lefrançois, William. "Développements méthodologiques en imagerie cardiovasculaire par résonance magnétique chez le petit animal." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21833/document.
Full textCardiovascular MRI in rodents is a real challenge in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, contrast and experiment times. Though it is accepted that 3D acquisition should be preferred in small animals, 3D acquisition times can be very long. However, they must remain compatible with in vivo experiment times. The aim of this thesis was therefore to develop new fast 3D methods of cardiovascular imaging in small animals at 4.7 and 9.4 T. First, two 4D cardiac MRI methods (3D time resolved) were developed in «black-blood» contrast. The first method is based on a TrueFISP sequence (Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession). It allowed to make black blood contrast in one hour acquisition time. The second method is based on a FLASH sequence (Fast Low Angle Shot). It uses a bipolar gradient to suppress the blood signal and the contrast was enhanced by using Manganese. Thirty minutes were then enough. Next, a time-of-flight angiography method for the whole body of mice was developed. The vascular contrast was improved by adding preparation modules to suppress the signal from tissues. The imaging of the whole arterial tree was realized within less than ten minutes. Finally, a new 4D time-of-flight method of functional cine angiography with echo-planar acquisition was developed. Preliminary results showed that acquisition times could be divided by four compared with those in classical functional angiography. All these results show that high resolution 3D cardiovascular imaging is possible in reasonable or even fast acquisition times
Salameh, Wassim. "Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique pour la vélocimétrie d’un fluide en milieu poreux." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL034N/document.
Full textThis study presents the development of measurement of porosity and velocity of flow made by MRI in packed beds with glass and polymer beads of various size saturated in water. The advantage of polymer beads is that they do not contain elements ferro or paramagnetics, contrary to the glass beads which disrupt the magnetic field creating artifacts on the MRI images. The calibration of the MRI velocity measurements was achieved from Poiseuille flow in a tube at different flow rates. Two situations were examined: first, the observation of interstitial flows between the beads minimizes partial volume effects and facilitates the correction of the phenomenon of phase aliasing. On the other hand, the measurement of average interstitial velocity (Darcy) requires using simultaneous velocity image and porosity image. In this case, it is preferable to adjust the strength of magnetic field gradient in the velocimetry sequence in a way to avoid any phase aliasing. The geometry of the flow cell was chosen to enable comparison by the MRI method between volume flow rates of water in the porous media and in the outer annulus
Vallet, Christophe. "Etude de la dissipation dans les supraconducteurs en régime haute fréquence." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10087.
Full textAuffret, Hervé. "Intéractions magnéto-convectives solaires : le cas des tubes de flux photosphériques : [Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30100.
Full textFedida, Vincent. "Etude des défauts des machines électriques tournantes par analyse du champ magnétique de fuite : Application au diagnostic de machines de faibles puissances dans un contexte de production en grande série." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT023.
Full textDiagnostic and identification of defaults providing in electrical machines (mainly single phased asynchrone motors) by stray flux measurement
Le, Van Vinh. "Développement de formulations intégrales de volume en magnétostatique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT132/document.
Full textIn recent years, the Volume Integral Method (VIM) has been received particular attention formodeling of low frequency electromagnetic problems. The main advantage of this method is thatinactive regions do not to be discretized, which makes it light and rapid. Associated with matrixcompression methods, the VIM is a competitive alternative to the finite element method for modelingelectromagnetic devices containing a predominant air volume.This PhD thesis focuses on the development of two volume integral formulations for solvingmagnetostatic problems, in the presence of nonlinear materials, magnets, coils, multiply connectedmagnetic regions, and the presence of magnetic shielding. The first one is a mesh magnetic fluxformulation based on the interpolation of facet elements and the second one is a magnetic vectorpotential formulation based on the interpolation of edge elements. The application of theseformulations provides accurate results even with coarse meshes and allows solving straightforwardnonlinear magnetostatic problems. Methods for computing global magnetic force and magnetic fluxthrough a coil were also implemented as part of this work. Developments performed in the MIPSEplatform were validated on academic case-tests as well as some industrial devices
Gallo, Alberto. "Impact of the plasma geometry on the divertor power exhaust in a magnetic fusion reactor." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0001/document.
Full textA deep understanding of plasma transport at the edge of a magnetically confined fusion device is mandatory for a sustainable and controlled handling of the power exhaust. In the next-generation fusion device ITER, technological limits constrain the peak heat flux on the divertor. For a given exhaust power the peak heat flux is determined by the extent of the plasma footprint on the wall. Heat flux profiles at the divertor targets of X-point configurations can be parametrized by using two length scales for the transport of heat in SOL. In this work, we challenge the current interpretation of these two length scales by studying the impact of divertor geometry modifications on the heat exhaust. In particular, a significant broadening of the heat flux profiles at the outer divertor target is diagnosed while increasing the length of the outer divertor leg. Modelling efforts showed that diffusive simulations well reproduce the experimental heat flux profiles for short-legged plasmas. Conversely, the broadening of the heat flux for a long divertor leg is reproduced by a turbulent model, highlighting the importance of turbulent transport not only in the main SOL but also in the divertor. These results question the current interpretation of the heat flux width as a purely main SOL transport length scale. In fact, long divertor leg magnetic configurations highlighted the importance of asymmetric divertor transport. We therefore conclude that main SOL and divertor SOL transport cannot be arbitrarily disentangled and we underline the importance of the divertor magnetic geometry in enhancing asymmetric turbulent transport with the potential benefit of an unexpected power spreading
Reydet, Pierre Louis. "Elaboration, caractérisation et études des propriétés de transport sous champ magnétique de couches minces supraconductrices de LnBa2Cu3O(7-x) (Ln = Y, Sm)." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10050.
Full textDehlinger, Nicolas. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'optimisation des machines à flux transverse : application au cas de la machine à flux transverse "claw-pole" à stator hybride." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28291/28291.pdf.
Full textThe high power and torque capabilities of Transverse Flux Machines (TFM) are well known. The particular arrangement of the TFM’s electric and magnetic circuits, which mainly explains its exceptional features, also greatly complicates the TFM design process. Building an accurate analytical magnetic model for a TFM is a hard task: factors as the leakage flux, magnetic saturation or 3-D flux paths greatly affect the model accuracy. As the use of an inaccurate model can lead to erroneous results, TFM designers extensively use numerical models, as 3-D finite element analysis (FEA). Despite their accuracy, such numerical tools are still time and resource consuming but also tricky to use for optimization purpose. This thesis proposes an alternative approach for the design of TFM: a hybrid model, based on analytical calculations, corrected with finite element results inside the optimization process. Such an approach is used in order to optimize the performances of a claw-pole TFM with hybrid stator (CTFMHS). This work first presents how FEA-derived correction factors can be inserted in the analytical model to improve the model accuracy, in the course of the design process. The principles and the effectiveness of the proposed approach are shown through an example of CTFMHS no-load flux maximization. The approach is then derived in order to maximize the torque density of the CTFMHS. Considering the specifications of an in-wheel motor application, it is shown how the developed approach can determine, in a few hours only, the optimal machine geometry maximizing its torque density.
Boisson, Julien. "Modélisation analytique magnéto-acoustique des machines synchrones à commutation de flux à aimants permanents : optimisation du dimensionnement." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0043/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnets, in particular on magnetic, mechanical and acoustic behavior of these structures. Firstly, origin of noise generated has been presented with particular attention to magnetic phenomena. Exploration of magnetic stresses, mechanical and vibration analysis have been performed by finite element simulations. Secondly, an analytical multi-physics model has been presented in order to estimate magnetic, mechanical and acoustic behavior. The different models have been validated by finite element simulations or by experimental measurements. Finally, this model has been applied in a geometric optimization loop to maximize electromagnetic torque and minimize acoustic noise generated. These optimizations have been performed on 3-phases 12/10, 4-phases 16/12 and 5-phases 20/18 at fixed and variable speed
Cauquoin, Alexandre. "Flux de 10Be en Antarctique durant les 800 000 dernières années et interprétation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954293.
Full textBernard, Rozenn. "Dynamique des réseaux de vortex dans des films minces supraconducteurs à haute température critique en vue de l'optimisation d'un transformateur à flux de vortex." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112144.
Full textDroulers, Eric. "Flux et flash ou utilisation des séquences rapides en écho de gradient Flash 2D en IRM pour étudier le Flux au niveau des trous déchirés postérieurs et comparaison avec des séquences classiques en écho de spin." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23059.
Full textPagé, Gwenaël. "Quantification et caractérisation des écoulements sanguins dans l'arborescence vasculaire de la région cervico-faciale par Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique de flux : évaluation et application." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0041/document.
Full textPhase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a non-invasive technique used for quantification and characterization of the blood flow. In clinical pratice, this sequence is principally used in a two-dimensional single slice (2D), but it evolved to a velocity volumic acquisition (4D PC-MRI) allowing a complete quantification of the flow through a vascular tree. However, this technique requires post-processing software which are few and an evaluation of the velocity accuracy in 2D and 4D to quantify vessels with millimetric diameter. In this thesis work, a user-friendly post-processing software of 2D and 4D MRI images has been developed and it is used by research teams and clinicians. MRI acquisitions protocols of velocities for vessels composed by millimetric has been created. These protocols developed in-vitro form a phantom work show an error in the measurement accuracy less than 10%. These validated protocols are applied in facial area arteries in 30 healthy volunteers to create the first hemodynamic data base of arteries in this area. Then, the protocols have been performed to patients with pathologies affecting the facial area to show is interest on patient follow-up and surgical treatment
Scorretti, Riccardo. "Caractérisation numérique et expérimentale du champ magnétique B.F. généré par des systèmes électrotechniques en vue de la modélisation des courants induits dans le corps humain." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140131.
Full textKumar, Mithlesh. "Magnetic flux distorsion in two-phase liquid metal flow." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15854/1/Kumar_1.pdf.
Full textGarcia, Flores Julio. "Nouvelles approches pour la détermination de la sévérité de la sténose aortique à partir des vitesses du flux sanguin mesurées par imagerie de résonance magnétique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29190/29190.pdf.
Full textAortic valve stenosis is the most common cardiovascular disease after coronary artery diseases and hypertension. Doppler-echocardiography (DE) is the standard method for the evaluation of the severity of aortic stenosis (AS). Valve effective orifice area (EOA) measured by the continuity equation is one of the most frequently used stenotic indices. However, TTE measurement of aortic valve EOA is not feasible or not reliable in a significant proportion of patients. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a non-invasive alternative method to evaluate EOA using velocity measurements. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) To compare the DE-derived EOA and CMR-derived EOA using the continuity equation (CE) and 2) To propose new CMR methods to assess EOA and the AS severity; 3) To determine the feasibility of the measurement of the parameters of valve opening and closing kinetics by CMR and 4) To validate new CMR methods to estimate vorticity magnitude. Our work showed a good agreement between the DE-derived EOA and CMR-derived EOA using the CE. This agreement was, however, only due to error compensations. We therefore developed and validated a new CMR method based on the acoustical source term (AST) to estimate the valve EOA and then to introduce a simplified version not requiring vorticity field derivation. This study showed that AST-derived EOA calculated from CMR velocity field measurements is a reliable method to estimate valve EOA and can be useful to confirm AS severity when DE examination is inconclusive. Hence, CMR provides a non-invasive and reliable alternative to DE for the quantification of AS severity. Our work also demonstrated the excellent feasibility and reproducibility of CMR for the measurement of valve kinetic parameters in patients with AS. Furthermore, these parameters compare favorably with conventional indices of stenosis severity to predict risk of poor prognosis. However, the use of CE to estimate EOA may be subject to measurement errors. Furthermore, a validation of new CMR methods for estimate vorticity magnitude was presented. Vorticity and vortical structures play a fundamental role affecting the evaluation of energetic aspects of cardiovascular function. In conclusion, our work demonstrates the feasibility, reliability, and utility of new CMR methods and parameters to identify and quantify the dysfunction of native. New CMR methods estimating vorticity were validated in vivo.
Aman, Moustapha. "Currency Board et mouvements de capitaux dans une petite économie ouverte : modélisation en Equilibre Général Calculable appliquée à Djibouti." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0096.
Full textThe Currency Board is an exchange system in which the search for stability and monetary credibility is not based on a discretionary regulation of the Central Bank but on an adjustment mechanism assumed to be automatic: the dynamics of money supply follow the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves. This thesis focuses on the Djibouti experiment to study the functioning of a Currency Board. The Republic of Djibouti has the only existing Currency Board on the African continent since 1949. His longevity in a context of free movement of capital offers a unique and extremely valuable lesson. The resilience of institutional and geopolitical factors fully owned by foreign banking, and informal monetary practices (hawala transfers) explain this longevity. For instance, without the hawala transfers, there is no unambiguous relationship between the long-term dynamics of the balance of payments and the monetary base. The interaction of formal and informal sector provides a macro-monetary balance and stability.A static study of the fit of a general equilibrium (CGE) including the informal sector shows that the additional entries in currencies can be the source of an unlimited accumulation of foreign reserves and lead to a change in the balance between tradable and non-tradable sector
ROTH, MURIEL. "Développements méthodologiques en imagerie d'activation cérébrale chez l'homme par résonance magnétique nucléaire : quantification de flux, imagerie de l'effet BOLD et correction des mouvements de la tête." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10016.
Full textAilam, El Hadj. "Machine synchrone à plots supraconducteurs : Etude et réalisation." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10050.
Full textWe have designed and tested an 8-pole superconducting machine. The inductor is based on the principle of flux concentration using bulk superconductor. This principle allowed a high variation of the magnetic flux induction in the air-gap of the machine. Calculations have been carried out in two steps. Firstly, the magnetic scalar potential is calculated using the Monte Carlo method. Secondly, using the regularisation method the magnetic flux density is obtained by the derivation of the magnetic scalar potential. Theoretical study of a several MW machine has been developed, it allows to compare results obtained with different kind of high and low temperature superconductors. This study shows the advantages of the BiSrCaCuO high temperature superconductor wire especially cooled to 4,2 K. The realised machine has a stationary inductor and a rotating armature. This configuration is selected to simplify the cooling system. A cryostat is designed for a sufficient test period. The tests results show the feasibility of the flux concentration principle to realise an electrical machine
Kacem, Issaad. "Structure et dynamique de l'interface entre des tubes de flux entrelacés observés à la magnétopause terrestre par la mission MMS." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30163/document.
Full textMagnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous and fundamental process in space plasma physics. The NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) launched on 12 March 2015 was designed to provide in-situ measurements for analyzing the reconnection process at the Earth's magnetosphere. In this aim, four identically instrumented spacecraft measure fields and particles in the reconnection regions with a time resolution which is one hundred times faster than previous missions. MMS allows for the first time to study the microscopic structures associated with magnetic reconnection and, in particular, the thin electron diffusion region. At the Earth's magnetopause, magnetic reconnection governs the transport of energy and momentum from the solar wind plasma into the Earth's magnetosphere through conversion of magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal energies after a rearrangement of magnetic field lines. Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) are considered to be one of the main and most typical products of magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause. However, more complex 3D magnetic structures with signatures akin to those of FTEs might also occur at the magnetopause like interlaced flux tubes resulting from magnetic reconnection at multiple sites. The first part of the work presented in this thesis consisted of the investigation of one of these events that was observed, under unusual and extreme solar wind conditions, in the vicinity of the Earth's magnetopause by MMS. Despite signatures that, at first glance, appeared consistent with a classic FTE, this event was interpreted to be the result of the interaction of two separate sets of magnetic field lines with different connectivities. The high time resolution of MMS data allowed to resolve a thin current sheet that was observed at the interface between the two sets of field lines. The current sheet was associated with a large ion jet suggesting that the current sheet was submitted to a compression which drove magnetic reconnection and led to the formation of the ion jet. The direction, velocity and scale of different structures were inferred using multi-spacecraft data analysis techniques. This study was completed with a plasma wave analysis that focused on the reconnecting current sheet
Beuste, Christophe. "Analyse modulaire in vivo du contrôle du flux énergétique dans le muscle squelettique de rat par spectroscopie RMN 31P : influence de l'hypoxie et de l'activité physique." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21483.
Full textWe attempted to describe quantitatively the main kinetic properties of energy metabolism of contracting skeletal muscles of rats in vivo. For that, energy metabolism was defined as a two-module system (supply-demand) connected by energetic intermediate (PCr as representative) assessed in vivo by 31P MRS; such a simplification allowed application of top-down (modular) control analysis to obtain elasticity and control coefficients over a broad spectrum of muscle activities. The main finding of our first study was the shift of control over the contraction from demand at low workloads to supply at high workloads. This was mainly due to the change in sensitivity of supply toward energetic intermediates. Top-down elasticity analysis was used to identify the targets (supply and/or demand) of hypoxic conditioning (6 weeks at 10. 5% O2), hypothyroïdism and chronic physical activity, described as stress generating muscle remodelling. No change in the elasticity of neither supply nor demand toward intermediates were observed: internal properties of the system were unaffected by reported changes in mitochondrial content and/or change in fibre type composition. Once internal properties experimentally obtained, the direct effect of acute hypoxia by measuring the contraction energy flux change was quantified. The main response of energy metabolism to chronic hypoxia was the decrease in sensitivity of supply toward acute decrease in ambient O2. As demonstrated by these applications, the design and set up of our experimental modular approach has the potential to detect a number of physiological effects on energy metabolism of skeletal muscle at a system level of integration
Solminihac, Florence de. "Effets de perturbations magnétiques sur la dynamique de la barrière de transport dans un Tokamak : modélisation et simulations numériques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4743/document.
Full textIn this PhD thesis we study the impact of resonant magnetic perturbations on the transport barrier dynamics in a tokamak. In this goal we have performed turbulence tridimensional numerical simulations in the edge plasma of a tokamak, which reproduced the experimental results observed in different tokamaks. In the improved confinement regime (H mode), the transport barrier is not stable : it does relaxation oscillations, which share common features with the ``Edge Localized Modes'' (ELMs). These ELMs both have advantages and drawbacks. On the one hand, they enable to push away the impurities present in the plasma core. But on the other hand, the thermal load induced on the wall during an ELM can damage the first wall materials. For this reason, they must be controlled. This PhD thesis belongs to the frame of the ITER project, which is today in construction in France. On ITER the ELMs control will be compulsory due to the quantity of energy released. Among the different ways of controlling the ELMs, the resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) seem promising. These resonant magnetic perturbations are created by external coils. We consider the TEXTOR tokamak case and we consider two configurations for the external coils : first, a resonant magnetic perturbation with several harmonics, which enables to have a stochastic zone at the plasma edge when the magnetic island chains overlap ; then, a resonant magnetic perturbation with a single harmonic, which therefore creates a single magnetic island chain. In this PhD thesis, we focus on the non-axisymmetric equilibrium created in the plasma by the resonant magnetic perturbation
Alexis, Marie. "Effet du feu sur le stockage de carbone dans un écosystème subtropical : dynamique des charbons." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066332.
Full textPhua, Chee Teck. "Développement d’une nouvelle méthode de mesure du rythme cardiaque et du débit sanguin fondée sur les perturbations localisées d’un champ magnétique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1099/document.
Full textContinuous pulse rate, blood pressure and blood flow monitoring are important for the assessment of physiological vital signs as these are able to provide continuous feedback on the health condition of an individual. Existing commercial, medical and research methods to continuously acquire such these physiological vital signs require good electrical or optical contact. During this research, a magnetic based sensing method, at room temperature, for blood pulse, flow and pressure is developed to achieve data acquisition through fabric, environmental contaminants and body-fluids. This method is named Modulated Magnetic Signature of Blood (MMSB) and physical measurements were conducted on multiple subjects, mathematically modelled and simulated in a multi-physics environment with verification through use of measurement data. Measurement results, using MMSB, for blood pressure and blood flow were compared, and found to be well correlated, with lifestyle device and medical research instruments respectively. In addition, two devices are developed, and are in the midst of commercialization, to support lifestyle applications
Phua, Chee Teck. "Développement d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure du rythme cardiaque et du débit sanguin fondée sur les perturbations localisées d'un champ magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794495.
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