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1
Oliveira, Bruno Ribeiro. "Literatura, Linguagem e Descolonização em Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (Quênia) e Chinua Achebe (Nigéria)." Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio 5, no. 9 (January 8, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/clio.v5i9.19248.
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A história de literatura africana contemporânea está repleta de debates que tratam de sua utilidade frente aos povos de África e a natureza dessa literatura. Através das ideias de dois escritores africanos, Chinua Achebe e Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, este artigo revisita a história das ideias desses autores em respeito à literatura africana e sua linguagem de escrita. Tratamos de perceber como dois autores da mesma geração, porém de locais diferentes, Nigéria e Quênia, respectivamente, pensaram a produção literária e sua função em África no período pós-colonial.Palavras-chave: Chinua Achebe (1930-2013), Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (1938-), Literatura Africana, Línguas Africanas AbstractThe history of African contemporary literature is full of debates that deal with its utility to the many African people and the nature of this literature. Through the ideas of two African writers, Chinua Achebe and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, we revisit the history of the ideas of these authors in relation to African literature and the language in which this literature is written. We try to perceive how authors from the same generation, but from different locals, Nigeria and Kenya, respectively, thought their literary production and its function in Africa in the post-colonial period.Keywords: Chinua Achebe (1930-2013), Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (1938-), African Literatures, African Languages
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Wandera, Stephen Ojiambo, Edward Duncan, Monica Maria Diaz, and David Otundo Ayuku. "Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for older people with Dementia in Africa: A Scoping Review." Open Research Africa 6 (June 13, 2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openresafrica.14092.1.
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Background: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a non-pharmacological intervention developed for dementia that is useful in Africa but has not been studied widely. We reviewed the existing evidence regarding CST among older people living with dementia in Africa. Methods: A systematic literature search on CST among older people with dementia in Africa from 2000-2021 was done in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and PsycINFO. A narrative approach was taken to chart, synthesize and interpret the data using Microsoft Excel. Results: After removing duplicates using Endnote, a total of 122 studies were retained and screened first by title, then abstract, and finally by full text. Seven articles matched the inclusion/exclusion criteria. CST has been adapted and piloted in two African countries (Nigeria and Tanzania). CST studies in Africa indicate improvements in clinical outcomes including cognition and quality of life. Although there are some barriers to overcome, CST has significant facilitators in an African context. Conclusions: CST is feasible, adaptable, and acceptable in the African countries it has been implemented in. Some cultural barriers, such as religious affiliation and respect for older people, should be overcome. Further research is needed to further evaluate the efficacy of CST in various African contexts.
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Shai, Kgothatso Brucely, and Olusola Ogunnubi. "[South] Africa's Health System and Human Rights: A Critical African Perspective." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2090.
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For more than two decades, 21st March has been canonised and celebrated among South Africans as Human Rights Day. Earmarked by the newly democratic and inclusive South Africa, it commemorates the Sharpeville and Langa massacres. As history recorded, on the 21st March 1960, residents of Sharpeville and subsequently, Langa embarked on a peaceful anti-pass campaign led by the African National Congress (ANC) breakaway party, the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). The pass (also known as dompas) was one of the most despised symbols of apartheid; a system declared internationally as a crime against humanity. In the post-apartheid era, it is expectedthat all South Africans enjoy and celebrate the full extent of their human rights. However, it appears that the envisaged rights are not equally enjoyed by all. This is because widening inequalities in the health-care system, in schooling, and in the lucrative sporting arena have not been amicably and irrevocably resolved. Furthermore, it is still the norm that the most vulnerable of South Africans, especially rural Africans, find it difficult, and sometimes, impossible to access adequate and even essential healthcare services. Central to the possible questions to emerge from this discourse are the following(i) What is the current state of South Africa’s health system at the turn of 23 years of its majority rule? (ii) Why is the South African health system still unable to sufficiently deliver the socioeconomic health rights of most South African people? It is against this background that this article uses a critical discourse analysis approach in its broadest form to provide a nuanced Afrocentric assessment of South Africa’s human rights record in the health sector since the year 1994. Data for this article is generated through the review of the cauldron of published and unpublished academic, official and popular literature.
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Ndour, Moustapha. "“Securing One’s Base in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Ongoing Literary Theory”: An Interview." Journal of English Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 783–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v9i2.361.
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In this interview, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o shares his current ongoing thoughts on the definition of African literature, issue of language and positionality, and decolonization of African resources. Ngũgĩ argues that English and European languages are stealingAfrican literary identity. His personal commitment to write in Gĩkũyũ is less motivated by a wider readership than a concern to secure “his base”. He lays the blame on Africans for lacking self-esteem or self-conception. Decolonizing African resources, including reforming language policies, stands as a mental sanity challenge in a world where African people are stereotyped and ethnicized in comparison to their Western counterparts. He concludes his thought humorously by calling for a full control of African resources and spaces.
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Shai, Kgothatso Brucely, and Olusola Ogunnubi. "[South] Africa’s Health System and Human Rights: A Critical African Perspective." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2090.
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For more than two decades, 21st March has been canonised and celebrated among South Africans as Human Rights Day. Earmarked by the newly democratic and inclusive South Africa, it commemorates the Sharpeville and Langa massacres. As history recorded, on the 21st March 1960, residents of Sharpeville and subsequently, Langa embarked on a peaceful anti-pass campaign led by the African National Congress (ANC) breakaway party, the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). The pass (also known as dompas) was one of the most despised symbols of apartheid; a system declared internationally as a crime against humanity. In the post-apartheid era, it is expectedthat all South Africans enjoy and celebrate the full extent of their human rights. However, it appears that the envisaged rights are not equally enjoyed by all. This is because widening inequalities in the health-care system, in schooling, and in the lucrative sporting arena have not been amicably and irrevocably resolved. Furthermore, it is still the norm that the most vulnerable of South Africans, especially rural Africans, find it difficult, and sometimes, impossible to access adequate and even essential healthcare services. Central to the possible questions to emerge from this discourse are the following(i) What is the current state of South Africa’s health system at the turn of 23 years of its majority rule? (ii) Why is the South African health system still unable to sufficiently deliver the socioeconomic health rights of most South African people? It is against this background that this article uses a critical discourse analysis approach in its broadest form to provide a nuanced Afrocentric assessment of South Africa’s human rights record in the health sector since the year 1994. Data for this article is generated through the review of the cauldron of published and unpublished academic, official and popular literature.
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Al-Qubati, Safa'a Tawfik Abdulrashid. "Exploring the Depths of the Afro - American Literary Heritage: Yaa Gyasi's Homegoing as a Case study." مجلة جامعة صنعاء للعلوم الإنسانية 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 526–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59628/jhs.v3i2.208.
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African American history is the black spot in the history of humanity since it represents mankind as monsters who enjoy hurting others and feel the pleasure of looking at them crying loudly due to pain. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to shed light on the history of Afro-American literature to know why African American history is full of gloomy memories and to highlight the well-known figures in it. This paper is an analytical and descriptive study and the data are taken from relevant books, theses, essays, and journals. The cultural and historical aspects of this data through close reading and by using comparative and critical methods are studied. Since Yaa Gyasi is one of the African American authors who wants to show the real picture of black people suffering during and after slavery. It was decided to analyze her novel Homegoing. This paper ends up proving that the Afro-Americans faced without any mercy all kinds of oppression, horrors, and pains from slavery, segregation, and the white community discrimination due to their color and ethnicity as it was protruded in Homegoing. As a result, literature was seen as a perfect tool to tell the world what happened to black people and many black authors like Yaa Gyasi became famous icons in the world of literature because of their massive contributions in the field of Afro-American Literature.
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Acquaviva, Graziella. "Disabling Stereotypes: the Perception and Representation of Disability in Swahili Oral and Written Literature." Studi Magrebini 18, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2590034x-12340015.
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Abstract This article aims to investigate the ways in which the various forms of physical and mental disabilities are perceived and represented in Swahili oral and written literature (proverbs and some selected Swahili novels and short stories). Thinking about the concept of disability as a cultural construct – strictly connected to a rooted belief system – and to local policies related to the problem of social exclusion that in recent years have increasingly developed in the Swahili-speaking East African context, disability continues to be an interesting research topic. Although the movement for the rights of the people with disabilities (PWD) dates back to the colonial period, local media (newspapers and television) continue to propose images of deformed bodies feeding the stereotype of the disabled as a representation of the “other”, creating ever more discrimination. In such a context full of contradictions I will try to explore the role of literature and media in its educational and popularizing function and, in particular, how disabled people are perceived in collective imaginary.
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Bukusi, Allan D. M. "WHY YOU MUST VOTE IN AN AFRICAN DEMOCRACY." American Journal of Leadership and Governance 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajlg.942.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to draw attention of election managers in Africa to the negative impact of voter apathy on poll outcomes. It encourages all eligible voters to cast their vote in democratic elections. The instances of contested elections, poor governance, election of ineffective leadership and civic violence could be avoided if the electorate came out in full to give voice to the will of the people.
Methodology: The researcher reviewed published literature discussing the performance of postcolonial democracy of independent nations across Africa. With specific reference to academic journals, electoral documents capturing voting patterns and historical records, the researcher uses descriptive statistics and thematic analyses of texts to highlight the effects voter apathy has on national leadership and governance.
Findings: Voter apathy compromises the expression of the will of the people and causes an erosion of citizen commitment to social responsibility. It also leads to the emergence of apathetic leadership and weak accountability of government institutions following general elections. The researcher suggests that voter apathy is one of the reasons for civil unrest, passage of unpalatable legislation and election of ineffective leaders.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The researcher calls for democratic governments and electoral bodies in Africa to note, examine and act to preempt the negative impact of voter apathy on election outcomes. Voters are called upon not to presume that a democratic election process will automatically guarantee effective governance outcomes without their participation. The paper also recommends that the process of voter empowerment should be formalized in electoral practice, policy and procedure.
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Yang, Fan, Xinkun Han, Yumeng Song, Weiming Tang, Dan Wu, Cheng Wang, Adams B. Bodomo, Yan Guo, and Joseph D. Tucker. "Scoping review protocol on the health of sub-Saharan African migrants in the Asia-Pacific region." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e067901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067901.
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IntroductionIncreasing economic opportunities have attracted people from sub-Saharan Africa to migrate to the Asia-Pacific region in the last two decades. The information on the health situation of these migrants is limited. We aim to assess scientific evidence on the health of sub-Saharan African migrants in the Asia-Pacific region using a scoping review.Methods and analysisThe review will be conducted according to the JBI guide on evidence synthesis, and the final results will be organised and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. Search strategies have been developed centred on population-concept-context elements including sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific, migration and health. A total of eight databases will be searched, including PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science,Wanfangand CNKI. Title and abstract screening and full-text screening will be conducted by two researchers independently. Data will be charted according to predesigned form.Ethics and disseminationThis study involves neither human participants nor unpublished secondary data. Institutional review board approval is therefore not required. Findings of this scoping review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, through academic network and project report.
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Konare, Dougoukolo Alpha Oumar Ba, and Joseph Hellweg. "" To be Fula Is to Be Noble and Proud ": How Pulaaku and Contemporary Social Media Are Shaping Diasporic Fula Identity." Mande Studies 24, no. 1 (2022): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/mnd.2022.a908475.
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ABSTRACT: Individuals claiming Fula ethnicity are indigenous to some twenty African countries. Their diaspora has spread across the globe. Historically, Fula culture has centered on a code of conduct called pulaaku. Pulaaku indicates a way of life aimed in part at preventing shame. Pulaaku reflects shared images of Fula archetypes. Academic literature has presented pulaaku as a fundamental component of being Fula. Yet, contemporary Fula living in modern urban settings, whom Ba Konaré calls "Fulapolitans" (see Selasi 2005) are rarely familiar with a pastoral way of life. This article attempts to delineate the concept of pulaaku in contemporary urban settings, with reference to interviews. The results offer grounds to critique the contemporary understanding and experience of pulaaku among Fulapolitans and to highlight recent situational uses and re-appropriations of the concept.
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Konare, Dougoukolo Alpha Oumar Ba, and Joseph Hellweg. "" To be Fula Is to Be Noble and Proud ": How Pulaaku and Contemporary Social Media Are Shaping Diasporic Fula Identity." Mande Studies 24, no. 1 (2022): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/mande.24.1.10.
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ABSTRACT: Individuals claiming Fula ethnicity are indigenous to some twenty African countries. Their diaspora has spread across the globe. Historically, Fula culture has centered on a code of conduct called pulaaku. Pulaaku indicates a way of life aimed in part at preventing shame. Pulaaku reflects shared images of Fula archetypes. Academic literature has presented pulaaku as a fundamental component of being Fula. Yet, contemporary Fula living in modern urban settings, whom Ba Konaré calls "Fulapolitans" (see Selasi 2005) are rarely familiar with a pastoral way of life. This article attempts to delineate the concept of pulaaku in contemporary urban settings, with reference to interviews. The results offer grounds to critique the contemporary understanding and experience of pulaaku among Fulapolitans and to highlight recent situational uses and re-appropriations of the concept.
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Nguemo, Joseph D., Ngozi Iroanyah, Winston Husbands, LaRon E. Nelson, Geoffrey Maina, Irene Njoroge, Maureen Owino, Meldon Kahan, Desmond Miller, and Josephine Wong. "Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028985.
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IntroductionPrevious research demonstrated that substance use continues to be one of the most complex and prevalent problems among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people. A number of studies were conducted to characterise substance use patterns in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first known review in Canada characterising substance use disorders on ACB people.This scoping review seeks to answer the following research questions: What characterises substance use disorders among ACB people in Canada? What are the different types and prevalence of substance use among ACB people in Canada? Do ACB people in Canada use more than one substance? What factors are associated with substance use among ACB people in Canada? What are the health and social impacts of substance use in ACB people in Canada?Methods and analysesThis study will use the methodological framework for scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search electronic bibliographic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We will limit our search to English articles published between 2000and2019. In addition, we will conduct a grey literature search. Two investigators will independently screen citations and full-text articles. Our findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for scoping reviews guidelines. We will provide a descriptive summary of the studies and summarise the findings with respect to the outcomes and report any gaps that might require further investigation.Ethics and disseminationOur proposed study does not involve human participants; therefore, research ethics approval is not required. This study will provide evidence that will inform the development of strategies for appropriate interventions, as well as policy and further research. The results will be disseminated through publications in open access peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific meetings and to the lay public.
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Djiadeu, Pascal, Abban Yusuf, Clémence Ongolo-Zogo, Joseph Nguemo, Apondi J. Odhiambo, Chantal Mukandoli, David Lightfoot, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, and LaRon E. Nelson. "Barriers in accessing HIV care for Francophone African, Caribbean and Black people living with HIV in Canada: a scoping review." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e036885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036885.
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IntroductionIn 2001, 50%–55% of French-speaking minority communities did not have access to health services in French in Canada. Although Canada is officially a bilingual country, reports indicate that many healthcare services offered in French in Anglophone provinces are insufficient or substandard, leading to healthcare discrepancies among Canada’s minority Francophone communities.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this scoping systematic review was to identify existing gaps in HIV-care delivery to Francophone minorities living with HIV in Canada.Study designScoping systematic review.Data sourcesSearch for studies published between 1990 and November 2019 reporting on health and healthcare in Francophone populations in Canada. Nine databases were searched, including Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, the National Health Service Economic Development Database, Global Health, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.Study selectionEnglish or French language studies that include data on French-speaking people with HIV in an Anglophone majority Canadian province.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 294 studies. A total of 230 studies were excluded after duplicates were removed. The full texts of 43 potentially relevant papers were retrieved for evaluation and data extraction. Forty-one studies were further excluded based on failure to meet the inclusion criteria leaving two qualitative studies that met our inclusion criteria. These two studies reported on barriers on access to specialised care by Francophone and highlighted difficulties experienced by healthcare professionals in providing quality healthcare to Francophone patients in Ontario and Manitoba.ConclusionThe findings of this scoping systematic review highlight the need for more HIV research on linguistic minority communities and should inform health policymaking and HIV/AIDS community organisations in providing HIV care to Francophone immigrants and Canadians.
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Ndarukwa, Pisirai, Moses John Chimbari, and Elopy Sibanda. "Protocol for a scoping review to evaluate the extent of utilisation of healthcare services by asthma patients in sub-Saharan African countries." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e046294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046294.
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IntroductionHealth systems in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are fragile and centralised. Consequently, majority of people have restricted access to healthcare services. Given the rise in the prevalence and burden of asthma in SSA, it is imperative to scrutinise the utilisation of healthcare services by people with asthma. We aim to understand, through this review, the extent of utilisation of healthcare services by asthma patients in SSA countries.Methods and analysisArksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology framework will be used to guide the conduct of this scoping review. We will conduct a search of the literature on the electronic databases: Medline, (using PubMed interface), EMBASE, EBSCOHOST, Web of Science and Google Scholar, grey literature sources and the reference lists of key studies to identify studies appropriate for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. Registration of the proposed scoping review on the PROSPERO has indicated that no similar work has been or is being done elsewhere. We will review studies published on the subject from January 2009 to May 2020 in SSA.Ethics and disseminationThe proposed scoping review will contribute towards the knowledge base on utilisation of healthcare services particularly for people with asthma. This will provide a better understanding of the extent of utilisation of healthcare services by asthma patients and ultimately contribute to improvement of quality of care for people suffering from asthma. The results from the review will enlighten and guide healthcare practitioners and researchers on developing appropriate and feasible interventions to increase the utilisation of healthcare services by asthma patients in resource-constrained settings in SSA countries. Results of this scoping review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and a 1-day stakeholder meeting.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020154127.
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Djiadeu, Pascal, Joseph Nguemo, Chantal Mukandoli, Apondi J. Odhiambo, David Lightfoot, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, and LaRon E. Nelson. "Barriers to HIV care among Francophone African, Caribbean and Black immigrant people living with HIV in Canada: a protocol for a scoping systematic review." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e027440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027440.
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IntroductionLanguage is a social determinant of health. Addressing social determinants of health is paramount to successful progression along the HIV-care continuum. Canada is a bilingual country with French and English as official languages. There are few studies to date that have focused on the impact of being a French-speaking linguistic minority on the HIV-care continuum. The primary objective of this scoping, systematic review of literature is to evaluate existing gaps in access to HIV- care among French-speaking people living with HIV in Canada. Our primary outcome is healthcare services availability and access for French- speaking people living with HIV.Methods and analysesOur scoping, systematic review will draw on a systematic search of published literature, both quantitative and qualitative studies published on French-speaking individuals' healthcare and HIV status in Canada, with particular emphasis on the province of Ontario. We will conduct our search in MEDLINE, the Excerpta Medica Database, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, EBSCO and Google Scholar for work published between 1990 and 2018. Identified articles will be screened in duplicate and full-text articles of relevant studies will be retrieved. Data will also be extracted by two researchers working independently. Any discrepancies that arise will be resolved by consensus or by consulting a third author. Our findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationOur proposed research will not be conducted with human participants. We will only use secondary published data and therefore ethics approval is not required. Our findings will be disseminated as peer reviewed manuscripts at conferences and student rounds, and could be of interest to government health agencies and local HIV/AIDS service organisations.
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Frantz, José, Zinzi Sixaba, and Mario Smith. "A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Family Structure and Health Risk Behaviours Amongst Young People: An African Perspective." Open Family Studies Journal 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401507010003.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to review the published literature on the relationship between family structure and engagement in health risk behaviour amongst youth in African countries. Methods: A systematic review was conducted between 2000 and 2014. Suitable titles were identified from database searches. Thereafter, abstracts were evaluated along specific inclusion criteria. Eleven full text articles were evaluated for methodological quality using a modified critical appraisal tool and six studies were included in the final review that satisfied the threshold criterion of 70%. A narrative synthesis was completed for all included records to provide a textual answer to the research question. Results: Findings indicated that there was a relationship between family structure and engagement in health risk behaviour, specifically risky sexual behaviour. The importance of family structure was evident, and the active involvement of parents in the activities of youth is cardinal. The review further underscores that there is lack of methodologically rigorous research that can provide empirical support for and insight into the relationship between family structure and engagement in health risk behaviour. Discussion: Risky sexual behaviour was the most prevalent outcome assessed across studies. Family structure impacted positively on delaying or reducing engagement in risky sexual behaviour. Diverse family structures were identified and orphans living with caregivers were identified as a particular structure that might be more prevalent in the African context. Parental involvement and investment in adolescent activities were more strongly identified as an important factor. There is a lack of and need for more methodologically rigorous research to gain empirical support for and insight into the relationship between family structure and health risk behaviours.
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Kumah, Emmanuel, Godfred Otchere, Samuel Egyakwa Ankomah, Adam Fusheini, Collins Kokuro, Kofi Aduo-Adjei, and Joseph A. Amankwah. "Diabetes self-management education interventions in the WHO African Region: A scoping review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): e0256123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256123.
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Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the commonest chronic diseases worldwide. Self-Management Education (SME) is regarded as a critical element of treatment for all people with diabetes, as well as those at risk of developing the condition. While a great variety of diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions are available in high-income countries, limited information exists on educational programs for the prevention and management of diabetes complications in Africa. This study, therefore, aimed at synthesizing information in the literature to describe the state of the science of DSME interventions in the WHO African Region. Materials and methods The study is a scoping review, which followed the standard PRISMA guidelines for conducting and reporting scoping reviews. A systematic keyword and subject headings searches were conducted on six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) to identify relevant English language publications on DSME from 2000 through 2020. Titles and abstracts of the search results were screened to select eligible papers for full text reading. All eligible papers were retrieved and full text screening was done by three independent reviewers to select studies for inclusion in the final analysis. Results Nineteen studies were included in the review. The interventions identified were individually oriented, group-based, individually oriented & group-based, and information technology-based DSME programs. Outcomes of the interventions were mixed. While the majority yielded significant positive results on HbA1c, diabetes knowledge, blood pressure, blood sugar and foot care practices; few demonstrated positive outcomes on self-efficacy, BMI, physical activity; self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, smoking and alcohol consumption. Conclusions The limited studies available indicate that DSME interventions in the WHO African Region have mixed effects on patient behaviors and health outcomes. That notwithstanding, the majority of the interventions demonstrated statistically significant positive effects on HbA1c, the main outcome measure in most DSME intervention studies.
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Kanmodi, Kehinde, Precious Kanmodi, Mike Ogbeide, and Jacob Nwafor. "Head and Neck Cancer Literacy in Nigeria: A systematic Review of the Literature." Annals of Public Health Issues 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aphi-2021-0004.
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Abstract Introduction: Head and neck cancer (HNC), oral cancer inclusive (OC), is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths globally, especially in Nigeria – a developing African country. Public literacy about HNC plays a very crucial role in HNC prevention. Aim: This study aimed to systematically review existing literature on literacy of HNC in Nigeria. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and AJOL databases for all relevant English articles published on HNC literacy in Nigeria from January 2000 till October 2020. Only relevant articles were included for the study. Quality assessment of the full text of the included articles was done using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS); also, relevant data were extracted from these articles and analyzed thematically. Results: A total of 21 articles (19 surveys and 2 interventional studies), which studied a total population of 7,883 people, were included in the study. All the included articles were rated “excellent” (70 – 100%), regarding quality. The awareness rates of HNC/OC, as documented in the included studies, ranged from 0% to 100%; however, the rate recorded in the majority of these studies was <50%. In-depth knowledge of HNC/OC was found to be generally poor among the surveyed population groups; however, education intervention was found to improve in-depth knowledge of HNC and attitudes toward peer and nonpeer education about HNC among Nigerians. Conclusion: The level of knowledge regarding HNC, in Nigeria, is low. The use of relevant health education programs to boost knowledge about HNC among the Nigerian public is highly recommended.
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Bouranis, Nicole, Sherril Gelmon, Elizabeth Needham Waddell, Dawn Richardson, Hyeyoung Woo, and Allison Lindauer. "Improving Dementia Clinical Research Participation: Strategies From a Portland, Oregon, Pilot Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.187.
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Abstract The NIA’s strategy to improve ADRD clinical research participation emphasizes local community collaboration. Literature that focuses on a person with dementia’s decision to participate in research does not speak to specific state or local factors nor the effects of local efforts. This study aimed to develop strategies to improve dementia research participation in the Portland, OR metropolitan area. A community advisory board comprised of clinicians, researchers, advocates, people with dementia, family caregivers, and older African Americans was established for this project. Thirty-three interviews were conducted with clinicians, researchers, advocates, people with ADRD, and family caregivers. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Health Action Framework was used to conceptualize motivation strategies and reflect elements that describe research participation among people with dementia. Strategies were identified to improve dementia clinical research participation: 1) Identify and promote local champions for ADRD clinical research participation; 2) Promote policies and processes that incentive cross-sector collaboration; 3) Recognize caregivers as full research participants; 4) Include people with ADRD and caregivers in the research design process; 5) Offer alternative options to reduce participation burden; 6) Evaluate and improve relationships between healthcare/research staff and patients/participants. These strategies can be used in conjunction with the Culture of Health Action Framework as a roadmap to form organization-community partnerships, facilitate motivation and empowerment, give decision-making power to people with ADRD and promote a local culture of research. Studies should be conducted in a larger context or as pilots in other communities to determine contextual relevance and generalizability for other areas.
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Moloro, Abdulkerim Hassen, Abubeker Alebachow Seid, and Fikiru Yigezu Jaleta. "A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol on hypertension prevalence and associated factors among bank workers in Africa." SAGE Open Medicine 11 (January 2023): 205031212311720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121231172001.
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Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis will investigate the pooled prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among bank workers in Africa. Methods: Studies published with full texts in English will be searched in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar databases. Checklists from the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used to assess the studies’ methodology quality. Data extraction, critical appraisal, and screening of all retrieved articles will be conducted by two independent reviewers. Statistical analysis will be performed using STATA-14 software packages. A random effect will be employed to demonstrate pooled estimates of hypertension among bank workers. For determinants of hypertension, an effect size with a 95% confidence interval will be analyzed. Results: Data extraction and statistical analyses will begin after identifying the most pertinent studies and evaluating their methodological quality. Data synthesis and the presentation of the results are scheduled for completion by the end of 2023. After the review is completed, the results will be presented at relevant conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: Hypertension is a major public health concern in Africa. More than 2 out of 10 people aged older than 18 years suffer from hypertension. A number of factors contribute to hypertension in Africa. These factors include female gender, age, overweight or obesity, khat chewing, alcohol consumption, and family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. To address the alarming rise in hypertension in Africa, behavioral risk factors should be given primary attention. Protocol registration: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is registered in PROSPERO with the registration ID and link as follows: CRD42022364354;CRD-register@york.ac.ukhttps://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd
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Nwagbara, Ugochinyere Ijeoma, Emmanuella Chinonso Osual, Rumbidzai Chireshe, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Balsam Qubais Saeed, Nelisiwe Khuzwayo, and Khumbulani W. Hlongwana. "Knowledge, attitude, perception, and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): e0249853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249853.
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Background Knowledge, attitudes, perception, and preventative practices regarding coronavirus- 2019 (COVID-19) are crucial in its prevention and control. Several studies have noted that the majority of people in sub-Saharan African are noncompliant with proposed health and safety measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and respective country health departments. In most sub-Saharan African countries, noncompliance is attributable to ignorance and misinformation, thereby raising questions about people’s knowledge, attitudes, perception, and practices towards COVID-19 in these settings. This situation is particularly of concern for governments and public health experts. Thus, this scoping review is aimed at mapping evidence on the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and preventive practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods Systematic searches of relevant articles were performed using databases such as the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, the WHO library and grey literature. Arksey and O’Malley’s framework guided the study. The risk of bias for included primary studies was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). NVIVO version 10 was used to analyse the data and a thematic content analysis was used to present the review’s narrative account. Results A total of 3037 eligible studies were identified after the database search. Only 28 studies met the inclusion criteria after full article screening and were included for data extraction. Studies included populations from the following SSA countries: Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Rwanda, Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Sierra Leone. All the included studies showed evidence of knowledge related to COVID-19. Eleven studies showed that participants had a positive attitude towards COVID-19, and fifteen studies showed that participants had good practices towards COVID-19. Conclusions Most of the participants had adequate knowledge related to COVID-19. Despite adequate knowledge, the attitude was not always positive, thereby necessitating further education to convey the importance of forming a positive attitude and continuous preventive practice towards reducing contraction and transmission of COVID‐19.
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Al-Ajlouni, Yazan A., Omar Al Ta'ani, Ghaith Shamaileh, Rand Mushasha, Nour Makarem, and Dustin T. Duncan. "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep health among Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations: a systematic review of the literature." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e066964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066964.
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ObjectivesThis study sought to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep health among Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations, understudied geographic regions including with regards to sleep health.SettingA systematic literature search of studies published from inception to 27 March 2022 was conducted on multiple databases using developed keywords.ParticipantsStudies were included if they (1) investigated one or more aspects/dimensions of sleep health as an outcome (eg, sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep problems); (2) measured the impact of a COVID-19 pandemic-related domain (eg, impact of quarantine, work from home, lifestyle changes); (3) focused on at least one MENA region population; (4) were peer-reviewed; (5) included ≥100 participants; (6) were written in English and (7) had full-text article publicly available.Primary and secondary outcomes measuredPrimary outcomes were sleep duration, sleep quality and sleep problems.ResultsIn line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 164 studies were included for data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the studies. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted sleep duration, sleep quality and presence and severity of sleep disorders in MENA populations, including adults, children, students, healthcare workers and people with chronic illnesses. The directionality and strength of associations, as well as the determinants of sleep health, varied by subpopulations.ConclusionsLongitudinal studies are needed to understand the longer-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep health of MENA populations. Sleep health interventions and policy measures should be tailored to the need of each subpopulation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022321128.
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Ngom, Fallou, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, and David Robinson. "ʿAjamī Literacies of Africa: The Hausa, Fula, Mandinka, and Wolof Traditions." Islamic Africa 14, no. 2 (October 26, 2023): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21540993-20230002.
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Abstract African ʿAjamī literatures hold a wealth of knowledge on the history and intellectual traditions of the region but are largely unknown to the larger public. Our special issue seeks to enhance a broader understanding of this important part of the Islamic world, exploring the ʿAjamī literatures and literacies of four main language groups of Muslim West Africa: Hausa, Mandinka, Fula, and Wolof. Through increasing access to primary sources in ʿAjamī and utilizing an innovative multimedia approach, our research contributes to an interpretive and comparative analysis of African ʿAjamī literacy, with its multiple purposes, forms, and custodians. Our Editorial Introduction to the special issue discusses the building blocks and historical development of ʿAjamī cultures in West Africa, outlines the longitudinal collaborative research initiatives that our special issue draws upon, and explores the challenges and opportunities for participatory knowledge-making that accompany the rise of digital technologies in the study of African literatures and literacies.
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Modjadji, Perpetua, Kabelo Mokgalaboni, Engelbert A. Nonterah, Sogolo Lucky Lebelo, Zandile June-Rose Mchiza, Sphiwe Madiba, and Andre Pascal Kengne. "A Systematic Review on Cardiometabolic Risks and Perinatal Outcomes among Pregnant Women Living with HIV in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy." Viruses 15, no. 7 (June 26, 2023): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15071441.
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Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have been shown to cause metabolic changes in people living with HIV (PLWH), predisposing them to cardiometabolic disease (CVMD). However, such evidence is less established in pregnant women living with HIV (pWLWH) on ART. Pregnancy-induced cardiometabolic risks (CMR) can predispose to unfavourable pregnancy outcomes and further persist in the postpartum period, resolve, and recur in subsequent pregnancies, or emerge as newly diagnosed chronic diseases of ageing. Therefore, this systematic review aimed at synthesizing evidence on CMR and perinatal outcomes among pWLWH in the era of ART. We considered prospective and retrospective cohorts, case-control, cross-sectional, and interventional studies published in English. Specific keywords were used to conduct a thorough literature search on PubMed-Medline and Scopus following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. Two investigators independently screened the search outputs and reviewed full texts of potentially eligible articles. Data extraction was conducted by one investigator and verified by the second investigator. Thirty-one relevant studies conducted on 20,904 pWLWH on ART across Africa, Asia, Europe, and America were included. Studies demonstrate inconclusive findings, especially on perinatal outcomes, but significant risks of gestational hypertension and dyslipidemia were reported in pWLWH on ART compared to the control group. Therefore, future studies should focus more on these perinatal outcomes, and their impact on postpartum maternal health and growth trajectories of uninfected infants born from pWLWH who are either on ART or ART-naïve in comparison to infants born of HIV-negative mothers over the life course, especially in HIV-burdened African countries.
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Isaiah, Phyllis Munyiva, Marta Palmeirim, and Peter Steinmann. "Epidemiology of pediatric schistosomiasis in hard-to-reach areas and populations: A scoping review protocol." F1000Research 11 (October 21, 2022): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126884.1.
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Background: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects millions of people. Children are the most vulnerable group to developing overt disease. An estimated 779 million people are at risk of schistosomiasis and 50 million preschool-age children (PSAC) need treatment. PSAC are not currently targeted by national chemotherapy campaigns due to a lack of suitable pediatric formulations of praziquantel. The Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium has developed an orally dispersible praziquantel formulation (arpraziquantel) and is facilitating its adoption for schistosomiasis control by endemic countries through the ADOPT program – an implementation research program that paves the way for the large-scale delivery of the child-friendly formulation to treat schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children in endemic countries. A key challenge for comprehensive NTD control including schistosomiasis is reaching all at-risk populations, including those hard to reach. Main access barriers include geographic, social and economic conditions. Objective: This scoping literature review aims to document the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in children under 6 years of age living in hard-to-reach areas and populations. Methods: This review will adopt the five-stage scoping review process of identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting data and collating, summarizing and reporting results. Electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid), LILACS and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) will be searched for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen identified articles using a two-stage approach of reviewing the title/abstract and then the full text of provisionally retained articles. Relevant literatures will be downloaded into EndNote X9 to maintain and manage citation and facilitate the overall review process. A meta-analysis will be conducted if indicated. Relevance: The results will provide insights into the burden of schistosomiasis among marginalized PSAC, aiming to produce evidence on the need for inclusion of this population when designing the expansion of preventive chemotherapy programs.
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Isaiah, Phyllis Munyiva, Marta Sólveig Palmeirim, and Peter Steinmann. "Epidemiology of pediatric schistosomiasis in hard-to-reach areas and populations: A scoping review protocol." F1000Research 11 (January 20, 2023): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126884.2.
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Background: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects millions of people. Children are the most vulnerable group to developing overt disease. An estimated 779 million people are at risk of schistosomiasis and 50 million preschool-age children (PSAC) need treatment. PSAC are not currently targeted by national chemotherapy campaigns due to a lack of suitable pediatric formulations of praziquantel. The Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium has developed an orally dispersible praziquantel formulation (arpraziquantel) and is facilitating its adoption for schistosomiasis control by endemic countries through the ADOPT program – an implementation research program that paves the way for the large-scale delivery of the child-friendly formulation to treat schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children in endemic countries. A key challenge for comprehensive NTD control including schistosomiasis is reaching all at-risk populations, including those hard to reach. Main access barriers include geographic, social and economic conditions. Objective: This scoping literature review aims to document the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in children under 6 years of age living in hard-to-reach areas and populations. Methods: This review will adopt the five-stage scoping review process of identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting data and collating, summarizing and reporting results. Electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid), LILACS and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) will be searched for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen identified articles using a two-stage approach of reviewing the title/abstract and then the full text of provisionally retained articles. Relevant literatures will be downloaded into EndNote X9 to maintain and manage citation and facilitate the overall review process. A meta-analysis will be conducted if indicated. Relevance: The results will provide insights into the burden of schistosomiasis among marginalized PSAC, aiming to produce evidence on the need for inclusion of this population when designing the expansion of preventive chemotherapy programs.
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Torres-Vitolas, Carlos A., Neerav Dhanani, and Fiona M. Fleming. "Factors affecting the uptake of preventive chemotherapy treatment for schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): e0009017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009017.
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Background Schistosomiasis affects nearly 220 million people worldwide, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Preventive chemotherapy (PC) treatment, through regular mass-drug administration (MDA) of Praziquantel tablets remains the control measure of choice by Ministries of Health. Current guidelines recommend that 75% of school-aged children receive treatment. Many programmes, however, struggle to achieve this target. Given the risk of high reinfection rates, attaining sustained high levels of treatment coverage is essential. This study provides a comprehensive review of the barriers and facilitators operating at different levels of analysis, from the individual to the policy level, conditioning the uptake of PC for schistosomiasis in SSA. Methodology/Principal findings A systematic literature search was conducted in several databases for publications released between January 2002 and 2019 that examined factors conditioning the uptake of Praziquantel in the context of MDA campaigns in SSA. A total of 2,258 unique abstracts were identified, of which 65 were selected for full text review and 30 met all eligibility criteria. Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal and the Mixed-Methods Assessment tools were used to assess the strength of the evidence. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017058525). A meta-synthesis approach was used. Results indicated publication bias, with the literature focusing on East African rural settings and evidence at the individual and programmatic levels. The main influencing factors identified included material wellbeing, drug properties, knowledge and attitudes towards schistosomiasis and MDAs, fears of side effects, gender values, community and health systems support, alongside programme design features, like training, sensitisation, and provision of incentives for drug-distributors. The effect of these factors on determining Praziquantel uptake were explored in detail. Conclusions/Significance Multiple determinants of treatment uptake were found in each level of analysis examined. Some of them interact with each other, thus affecting outcomes directly and indirectly. The promotion of context-based transdisciplinary research on the complex dynamics of treatment uptake is not only desirable, but essential, to design effective strategies to attain high levels of treatment coverage.
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Barton, Karen S., and Fallou Ngom. "The Geographic Spaces of ʿAjamī in West Africa." Islamic Africa 14, no. 2 (October 26, 2023): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21540993-20230003.
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Abstract The article highlights the geographical dimensions of African ʿAjamī traditions, with an emphasis on the Wolof, Fula, Mandinka, and Hausa traditions. It examines the spatial variation of these traditions, as well as their specific uses in different geographical spaces, places, and realms. The article shows how ʿAjamī documents – both historic and contemporary archives – are ubiquitous across Muslim West Africa and have been uncovered in both private and public spaces, playing an important role in everyday life. We explore how new cartographies that focus on the diffusion of ʿAjamī scripts and their broad reach can provide us with a richer understanding of African knowledge systems and their important footprint, helping to debunk stereotypes about African literacy.
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Sikder, Sujan. "Who Uses Ride-Hailing Services in the United States?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119859302.
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Over the past few years, ride-hailing services have rapidly gained in popularity and grown extensively in the United States (U.S.). Using data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey, this paper investigates the socio-demographic and land use factors that affect the adoption and frequency of use of ride-hailing services in the U.S.A. First, a comprehensive literature review is carried out to identify the gaps in the literature. Next, a detailed descriptive analysis is conducted to understand the key socio-demographic characteristics of the ride-hailing service users. Finally, an ordered logit (ORL) model is estimated to investigate the socio-demographic and land use factors that affect the adoption and frequency of use of ride-hailing services. Results suggest that racial differences exist in the adoption and frequency of use. Specifically, African American individuals are less likely than others to adopt and frequently use these services. People who work full time but with flexible schedules are more likely than other workers and non-workers to adopt and frequently use these services. The tendency to adopt and frequently use these services is higher among individuals in insufficient vehicle households (i.e., households with more workers than vehicles) than other individuals. The presence of children, elderly persons, or both, in the household is likely to have a negative effect on the adoption and frequency of use. Further, these services appear to have a complementary effect on public transit, indicating that collaboration efforts between transit agencies and ride-hailing service providers may help develop an integrated transportation system.
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Owusu, Sarah J., Derek Tuitt, and Joanna Wilde. "Breakthrough environments for inclusive research into race and mental health: Co-creating social justice impact via the #justcare event and social media." Research for All 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2017): 328–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18546/rfa.01.2.10.
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In this article, we describe an inclusive public engagement event held in the ITV television studios with an associated social media programme under the #justcare hashtag. The event explored the intersection of race, mental health and marginalization as a critical issue of social justice, drawing on research evidence and lived experience. This event (led by people of colour for mixed attendance) was designed as a 'breakthrough environment'. The breakthrough environment approach is developed from the integration of community practices and experiences in the African context and Western organization development (OD), and disrupts the traditional structures of event design and knowledge generation to create a psychologically safe space for truly generative conversations around contentious topics. This paper gives an overview of the emerging literature on racial trauma, covers the principles behind the event design and provides a predominantly narrative and visual account of the experience in order to capture the richness in evidence and insight (in contrast with carrying out an analysis). In providing this style of account, the traditional structure of a typical research paper has been disrupted as part of an explicit intent to decolonize knowledge practices to give full and entitled voice to those most impacted by these social justice issues.
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Edge, Dawn, Amy Degnan, Sarah Cotterill, Katherine Berry, John Baker, Richard Drake, and Kathryn Abel. "Culturally adapted Family Intervention (CaFI) for African-Caribbean people diagnosed with schizophrenia and their families: a mixed-methods feasibility study of development, implementation and acceptability." Health Services and Delivery Research 6, no. 32 (September 2018): 1–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr06320.
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BackgroundAfrican-Caribbean people in the UK experience the highest incidence of schizophrenia and the greatest inequity in mental health care. There is an urgent need to improve their access to evidence-based care and outcomes. Family intervention (FI) is a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-approved psychosocial intervention. Although clinically effective and cost-effective for schizophrenia, it is rarely offered. Evidence for any research into FI is lacking for ethnic minority people generally and for African-Caribbean people specifically.Aims(1) To assess the feasibility of delivering a novel, culturally appropriate psychosocial intervention within a ‘high-risk’ population to improve engagement and access to evidence-based care. (2) To test the feasibility and acceptability of delivering FI via ‘proxy families’.DesignA mixed-methods, feasibility cohort study, incorporating focus groups and an expert consensus conference.SettingTwo mental health trusts in north-west England.ParticipantsWe recruited a convenience sample of 31 African-Caribbean service users. Twenty-six family units [service users, relatives/family support members (FSMs) or both] commenced therapy. Half of the service users (n = 13, 50%), who did not have access to their biological families, participated by working with FSMs.InterventionsAn extant FI model was culturally adapted with key stakeholders using a literature-derived framework [Culturally adapted Family Intervention (CaFI)]. Ten CaFI sessions were offered to each service user and associated family.Main outcome measuresRecruitment (number approached vs. number consented), attendance (number of sessions attended), attrition (number of dropouts at each time point), retention (proportion of participants who completed therapy sessions), and completeness of outcome measurement.ResultsOf 74 eligible service users, 31 (42%) consented to take part in the feasibility trial. The majority (n = 21, 67.7%) were recruited from community settings, seven (22.6%) were recruited from rehabilitation settings and three (9.7%) were recruited from acute wards. Twenty-four family units (92%) completed all 10 therapy sessions. The proportion who completed treatment was 77.42% (24/31). The mean number of sessions attended was 7.90 (standard deviation 3.96 sessions) out of 10. It proved feasible to collect a range of outcome data at baseline, post intervention and at the 3-month follow-up. The rating of sessions and the qualitative findings indicated that CaFI was acceptable to service users, families, FSMs and health-care professionals.LimitationsThe lack of a control group and the limited sample size mean that there is insufficient power to assess efficacy. The findings are not generalisable beyond this population.ConclusionsIt proved feasible to culturally adapt and test FI with a sample of African-Caribbean service users and their families. Our study yielded high rates of recruitment, attendance, retention and data completion. We delivered CaFI via FSMs in the absence of biological families. This novel aspect of the study has implications for other groups who do not have access to their biological families. We also demonstrated the feasibility of collecting a range of outcomes to inform future trials and confirmed CaFI’s acceptability to key stakeholders. These are important findings. If CaFI can be delivered to the group of service users with the most serious and persistent disparities in schizophrenia care, it has the potential to be modified for and delivered to other underserved groups.Future workA fully powered, multicentre trial, comparing CaFI with usual care, is planned.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN94393315.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full inHealth Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 6, No. 32. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Todoriko, L. D., М. I. Gumeniuk, O. S. Shevchenko, I. V. Yeremenchuk, and I. O. Semianiv. "Predictive analysis of the situation of tuberculosis in the world based on the results of the annual WHO report." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2019-4-10-17.
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Background. A statistical analysis published in the WHO report for 2019 showed that almost 10.0 million people (about 9.0-11.1 million) fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide in 2018. The purpose of a systematic examination and analysis of the WHO report is to summarize the achievements and study of complex issues in overcoming tuberculosis in the world at the present stage, that need more attention, more scrutiny, or a change in approach to addressing specific challenges towards achieving the strategic global goals for eradicating this infection.
Materials and methods. We used test access to such full – text and abstract databases: a single package of the information database EBSCO; the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature Scopus; Google Scholar; MEDLINE with Full Text; MEDLINE Complete; Dyna Med Plus; EBSCO eBooks Clinical Collection; Web of Science Core Collection WoS (CC); SCIE (Science Citation Index Expanded); SSCI (Social Science Citation Index); AHCI (Artand Humanities Citation Index).
Results and discussion. By geography, most TB cases in 2018 were reported in the WHO regions: Southeast Asia – 44 %, African – 24 % and Western Pacific – 18 %. Lower percentages were recorded in the Eastern Mediterranean (8 %), America (3 %) and Europe (3 %). Eight countries account for two – thirds of the world’s total TB cases: India (27 %), China (9 %), Indonesia (8 %), Philippines (6 %), Pakistan (6 %), Nigeria (4 %), Bangladesh (4 %) and South Africa (3 %). These and 22 other countries on the WHO list of 30 high tuberculosis countries account for 87 % of TB worldwide. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) continues to be a public health threat worldwide. In 2018, about half a million new cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis were reported (of which 78 % had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis). The three countries with the largest share of the global MRTB burden are India (27 %), China (14%) and the Russian Federation (9 %). Globally, 3.4 % of new cases of tuberculosis and 18% of previously treated cases are tuberculosis with extensively resistance or rifampicin-resistant (MDR/RR-TB), with the highest rates of detection (>50 % in previously detected cases) in the countries of the former Soviet Union.
Conclusion. The epidemic situation in TB in the world and Ukraine remains complex and at this stage has certain peculiarities, and the prognosis for its overcoming shortly is rather doubtful. There is a tendency to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis, but several complex and controversial issues have been outlined for the eradication of this infectious disease by WHO’s End TB strategy.
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Manan, Nuraini A. "Kemajuan dan Kemunduran Peradaban Islam di Eropa (711M-1492M)." Jurnal Adabiya 21, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/adabiya.v21i1.6454.
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Spain is more commonly known as Andalusia, the Andalusia comes from the word Vandalusia, which means the country of the Vandals, because the southern part of the Peninsula was once ruled by the Vandals before they were defeated by Western Gothia in the fifth century. This area was ruled by Islam after the rulers of The Umayyah seized the peninsula's land from the West Gothies during the time of the Caliph Al-Walid ibn Abdul Malik. Islam entered Spain (Cordoba) in 93 AH (711 AD) through the North African route under the leadership of Tariq bin Ziyad who led the Islamic army to conquer Andalusia. Before the conquest of Spain, Muslims had taken control of North Africa and made it one of the provinces from the Umayyad Dynasty. Full control of North Africa took place in the days of Caliph Abdul Malik (685-705 AD). Conquest of the North African region first defeated until becoming one of the provinces of the Umayyad Caliph spent 53 years, starting from 30 H (Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan's reign) to 83 H (al-Walid's period). Before being defeated and then ruled by Islam, in this region there were sacs which became the basis of the power of the Roman Empire, namely the Gothic Kingdom. In the process of conquering Spain there were three Islamic heroes who could be said to be the most effective in leading units of troops there. They are Tharif ibn Malik, Tariq ibn Ziyad, and Musa ibn Nushair. Subsequent territorial expansion emerged during the reign of Caliph Umar ibn Abdil Aziz in the year 99 AH/717 AD, with the aim of controlling the area around the Pyrenian mountains and South France. The second largest invasion of the Muslims, whose movement began at the beginning of the 8th century AD, has reached all of Spain and reached far to Central France and important parts of Italy. The victories achieved by Muslims appear so easy. It cannot be separated from the existence of external and internal factors. During the conquest of Spain by Muslims, the social, political and economic conditions of this country were in a sad state. Politically, the Spanish region was torn apart and divided into several small countries. At the same time, the Gothic rulers were intolerant of the religious beliefs adopted by the rulers, namely the Monophysites, especially those who adhered to other religions, Jews. Adherents of Judaism, the largest part of the Spanish population, were forced to be baptized to Christianity. Those who are unwilling brutally tortured and killed. The people are divided into the class system, so that the situation is filled with poverty, oppression, and the absence of equality. In such situations, the oppressed await the arrival of the liberator and the liberator was from Muslims. Warrior figures and Islamic soldiers who were involved in the conquest of Spain are strong figures, their soldiers are compact, united, and full of confidence. They are also capable, courageous, and resilient in facing every problem. Equally important are the teachings of Islam shown by the Islamic soldiers, like tolerance, brotherhood, and help each other. The attitude of tolerance of religion and brotherhood contained in the personalities of the Muslims caused the Spanish population to welcome the presence of Islam there. Since the first time Islam entered in the land of Spain until the collapse of the last Islamic empire was about seven and half centuries, Islam played a big role, both in fields of intellectual progress (philosophy, science, fiqh, music and art, language and literature) and the splendor of physical buildings (Cordova and Granada). The long history passed by Muslims in Spain can be divided into six periods. Spanish Muslims reached the peak of progress and glory rivaled the glory of the Abbasid sovereignty in Baghdad. Abdurrahman Al-Nasir founded the Cordova University. He preceded Al-Azhar Cairo and Baghdad Nizhamiyah.
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Andersson, Åsa. "Från fula gubbar och liderliga gummor till virila casanovor och glada änkor?" Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 30, no. 4 (June 14, 2022): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v30i4.3700.
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Two lines of thoughts have historically characterised the understanding of sexuality in old age in Western society. On the one hand elderly persons sexuality have been portrayed in literature and dramas since the antiquity and onwards. However these images have often been negative, ridiculing sexuality in late life. On the other hand old age has been associated with asexuality – philosophers, and other intellectuals as well as religious authorities have often articulated this position. In addition you may say that the asexual standpoint generally has been positively charged. Nevertheless attitudes towards sexuality in old age began to change in the midst of the 20th century. This is for instance apparent in works from sexology, not the least the Kinsey reports (1948, 1953), but also Masters’ and Johnson’s publications from the 1960s. During the 1960s a book that specifically dealt with old age and sexuality was published, namely Sexuality After Sixty (1965), by the American sexologist Isadore Rubin. In this publication the view on sexuality is particularly positive. Rubin for instance claims that it is vital and good for the health to keep sexually active as long as possible. This statement is supported by Masters and Johnson. Rubin’s and Masters’ and Johnson’s writings are illustrative for their time and may be related to the current social and cultural context of sexual debate, youth culture and young people revolting against authorities and old-fashioned thinking. Youth becomes a norm at this point in history. My interpretations mainly deal with how youth culture, sexuality and gender identity interrelates. Masculinity seems to be strongly associated with heterosexual intercourse, and aging appears to be antithetic to masculinity – the status of the man diminishes as the aging process proceeds. The connotations to femininity also alter, but not in the same sense as with masculinity.
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Votteler, Roman, Johan Hough, and Chanel Venter. "An analysis of the solar service provider industry in the Western Cape, South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i2a2672.
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Scientists agree that rising electricity usage of the rapidly growing human race to improve its standard of living is negatively affecting the environment. To create a sustainable environment for future generations, renewable and environmentally friendly resources have to be exchanged for the present finite resources. In South Africa, coal plants are responsible for more than 90% of electricity production. This means that action has to be taken now to start a process of change to sustainable electricity resources.This paper focuses on the South African solar industry. Due to the high sun radiation levels, solar technology is one of the renewable energy sources with the greatest potential. The industry is in its infancy, characterised by accelerated growth expectancy and fuelled by factors such as government subsidies, the fluctuations of fossil fuel prices and the increasing focus on economical long-term sustainability. The expected growth necessitates a focus on the market positioning of solar service providers in the Western Cape, with the aim of taking full advantage of the opportunities associated with this industry.The main objective is to determine the current structure of the solar service provider value chain and subsequently areas of improvement to increase growth, stakeholder satisfaction and sustainability. A literature review was conducted to address the research objective, relevant approaches and the broader electricity industry. Porter’s Value Chain approach was used as a foundation for the adaptation to the solar service provider value chain. Porter’s Five Forces model was also used as a secondary approach, which analysed the competitive environment of the solar service provider industry in the Western Cape. The methodology entailed a qualitative research approach in the form of semi-structured interviews. All respondents were general managers or owners of a solar service provider, who were interviewed face to face. The research focused on the entire population of solar service providers in the Western Cape. Seventy-seven different service providers were targeted, of which 18 were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using content and frequency analysis. To guarantee reliability, a pilot study was conducted to ensure that the respondents understood the questionnaire. The findings show that customer service is the foremost value driver for solar service providers. This entails the actual installation of the product as well as the people skills of the installation team. As most customers only have to be served once due to the long life span of the products, marketing also plays an obvious role in attracting new customers. The most important outcome of this paper is the determination and a better understanding of the solar service provider value chain in South Africa. The recommendations, especially with regard to marketing and service elements, could improve the performance of solar service providers. The consequence could be an increase in stakeholder satisfaction and an enhanced usage of solar energy in South Africa. Future research should focus on customers to reveal preferences and opportunities for marketing approaches.
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VanZanten Gallagher, Susan. "“Through other People”: Confession in South African Literature." Christianity & Literature 45, no. 1 (December 1995): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833319504500109.
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Coelho, Helen, Anna Price, Fraizer Kiff, Laura Trigg, Sophie Robinson, Jo Thompson Coon, and Rob Anderson. "Experiences of children and young people from ethnic minorities in accessing mental health care and support: rapid scoping review." Health and Social Care Delivery Research 10, no. 22 (July 2022): 1–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/xkwe8437.
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Background Mental health problems are common among children and young people in the UK. Some young people from ethnic minority backgrounds experience mental health problems in different ways from those from non-ethnic minority backgrounds. Furthermore, those from ethnic minority backgrounds often experience greater difficulties in accessing mental health support and variable levels of engagement with services, and may prefer different support to their white British peers. Objective To describe the nature and scope of qualitative research about the experiences of children and young people from ethnic minority backgrounds in seeking or obtaining care or support for mental health problems. Data sources We searched seven bibliographic databases (Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, PsycInfo®, Health Management Information Consortium, Social Policy and Practice, and Web of Science) using relevant terms on 23 June 2021. Methods The scoping review included qualitative research about young people’s experiences of seeking or engaging with services or support for mental health problems. Included studies were published from 2012 onwards, were from the UK, were about those aged 10–24 years and were focused on those from ethnic minority backgrounds (i.e. not white British). Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment (with ‘Wallace’ criteria) were conducted by two reviewers. We provide a descriptive summary of the aims, scope, sample, methods and quality of the included studies, and a selected presentation of authors’ findings (i.e. no formal synthesis). Results From 5335 unique search records, we included 26 papers or reports describing 22 diverse qualitative studies. Most of the studies were well conducted and clearly described. There were studies of refugees/asylum seekers (n = 5), university students (n = 4) and studies among young people experiencing particular mental health problems (n = 14) (some studies appear in multiple categories): schizophrenia or psychosis (n = 3), eating disorders (n = 3), post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 3, in asylum seekers), substance misuse (n = 2), self-harm (n = 2) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (n = 1). There were also three studies of ethnic minority young people who were receiving particular treatments (cognitive–behavioural therapy, multisystemic therapy for families and a culturally adapted family-based talking therapy). Most studies had been conducted with young people or their parents from a range of different ethnic backgrounds. However, nine studies were conducted with particular ethnic groups: asylum seekers from Afghanistan (n = 2), and black and South Asian (n = 2), black African and black Caribbean (n = 2), South Asian (n = 1), Pakistani or Bangladeshi (n = 1) and Orthodox Jewish (n = 1) people. The studies suggested a range of factors that influence care-seeking and access to mental health care, in terms of the beliefs and knowledge of young people and their parents, the design and promotion of services, and the characteristics of care professionals. Poor access was attributed to a lack of understanding of mental health problems, lack of information about services, lack of trust in care professionals, social stigma and cultural expectations about mental resilience. Limitations As this was a rapid scoping review, there was only a basic synthesis of the research findings. Future work Future research about young people from ethnic minorities could cover a wider range of ethnic minorities, sample and analyse experiences from particular ethnic minorities separately, cover those accessing different services for different needs, and adopt multiple perspectives (e.g. service user, carer, clinician, service management). Study registration This study is registered as https://osf.io/wa7bf/. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery programme and will be published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery; Vol. 10, No. 22. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Saratovskaya, Larisa. "South African literature in Russia." African Research & Documentation 58 (1992): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00012577.
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The African continent and South Africa in particular have always interested Russians. It may be interesting to note that as early as the 18th century the Russian tzar and reformist Peter 1st, ordered the compilation of a description of Africa, which was made in 1710 in Moscow. In the 18th and especially in the 19th centuries there were many Russian sailors and explorers who went as far as the Cape of Good Hope. Among them was a famous Russian writer and sailor Ivan Goncharov who spent two months in South Africa in 1853 and devoted more than 150 pages of his travelling book “Frigate Pallada” to the description of the lives of different racial groups there. This progressive Russian writer paid special attention to the fight of African people against the European colonisers. Another Russian explorer and art-critic A. Visheslavzev was also in South Africa in the 1850s and in his diary expressed his sympathy with the African chiefs, who led the black tribes against the conquerors.
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Dhakal, Lekha Nath. "Presence of Africa in African-American Literature." KMC Research Journal 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v1i1.28241.
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African traditions and rituals survived the antagonistic forces which transported them from their ancestral lands to other continents is an established fact in world history. However, how they have been employed in varied artistic forms still requires further investigation. The traditions and rituals still practiced by the people of African diaspora in various parts of the globe are connected to Africa. These primitive traditions stored both orally and in written form are abundantly found in African-American literature.
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Wechsberg, Wendee M., Isa van der Drift, Brittni N. Howard, Bronwyn Myers, Felicia A. Browne, Courtney Peasant Bonner, Tara Carney, Jacqueline Ndirangu, and Yukiko Washio. "Gender and Context Matter: Behavioral and Structural Interventions for People Who Use Alcohol and Other Drugs in Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 8661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148661.
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Heavy alcohol consumption and other drug use are prominent across Africa and increase the risk of exposure to violence, HIV acquisition, and other life-threatening injuries. This review synthesizes evidence on alcohol and other drug (AOD) interventions in Africa; evaluates the differences between interventions that do and do not specifically target populations that use AODs; and highlights the impact of comprehensive vs. brief interventions and those that address syndemic issues from a gender and contextualized lens. Literature searches were conducted to identify research outcomes of randomized interventions published between January 2010 and May 2022 that address AOD use in Africa. Thirty-five full-text articles were included in this review. Most of the identified research studies were concentrated in a few countries. Most studies were conducted in South Africa. Many of the studies comprised brief interventions. However, the most comprehensive interventions were the most effective for AOD outcomes. Several studies indicated the importance of addressing AOD use alongside gender-based violence, mental health needs, gender roles, and other social determinants that affect health outcomes. Intervening on AOD use and addressing social determinants from a gender and contextually relevant perspective is essential to ensuring the long-term health and well-being of people in Africa.
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Urama, Evelyn N. "The sky entities as represented in African literature." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002420.
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AbstractAstronomical observations used by the ancient people of Africa were developed out of the people's desire to have concrete manifestations of their gods and religious beliefs as well as for time-keeping – day, night and calendar for agricultural and festive seasons. The sky entities (the solar and stellar systems) observed become part of the lives and events here on Earth and so are also part of the context of African literature. This paper examines the ways in which different African peoples have reflected on the role of the sky entities in their literature.
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Getinet Alemu, Wondale, and Tadele Amare Zeleke. "Prevalence of depression in people with tuberculosis in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis." African Health Sciences 23, no. 1 (April 6, 2023): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i1.25.
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Background: Depression is one of the most common mental health problems comorbid with tuberculosis. However, a consolidated picture of the prevalence of depression among tuberculosis patients in East Africa remains unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide new understandings by systematically examining evidence concerning the prevalence of depression among tuberculosis patients in East Africa.
Methods: Literature was found in a database of HINARI, SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The Newcastle- Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to appraise the quality of the selected studies. Then, the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was applied because of the presence of heterogeneity among studies.
Results: A total of 409 studies were accessed. However, only 29 qualified for a full-text review, and 9 studies with a population of 2838 were included in the qualitative description and quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of depression amongst tuberculosis patients was 43.03 % (34.93, 51.13). The highest prevalence was observed in Kenya, with 45.71% (29.26, 62.16); a similar rate was observed in Ethiopia, with 45.11 % (34.60, 55.62). Subgroup analysis based on screening tool was used: 45.71% with BDI and 41.53% with PHQ.
Keywords: Depression; East Africa; meta-analysis; systematic review; TB patients.
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Mugeere, Anthony, Anna Barford, and Paul Magimbi. "Climate Change and Young People in Uganda: A Literature Review." Journal of Environment & Development 30, no. 4 (October 3, 2021): 344–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10704965211047159.
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The disruptions of anthropogenic climate change are increasingly severe. People living in sub-Saharan Africa are especially exposed to these risks, and amongst them young people. It is well established that climate disruptions have the potential to halt education, displace populations, and wreck infrastructure. This rigorous literature review focuses on climate change in the landlocked East African country of Uganda, demographically the world’s third youngest country, where young people struggle to get by due to insufficient work opportunities. Extended to other countries in the Eastern and Central African region, the review considers what is known about the intersection of youth livelihoods and climate change; young people’s susceptibility to climate disruption due to limited resources and livelihood options; and the constraints around their responses. The review findings suggest the need for substantial youth informed interventions to bolster young people’s economic resilience and adaptive capacity given the worsening climate change and prolonged population growth.
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Agho, Jude. "The African Novel and Conflict Management." CLAREP Journal of English and Linguistics 4 (October 10, 2022): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.56907/g3tr8t7s.
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The novel is a very distinct sub-genre of literature, in fact, the most popular in terms of use of all the literary forms in African literature. The form is not only graphic and elastic in deployment to reflect and portray conflict situations among people, classes and institutions involved in political and syndicalist contestations, for example, it is the most encyclopaedic in recording momentous instances of revolts and revolution arising from conflicts among classes and peoples. Thus, literature has been and still is a handy tool to African writers in portraying the colonial and neocolonial emasculation of the masses of the African people during and after the European imperialist subjugation of the African continent and its peoples. The unremitting and continuous deployment of the novel to address such issues by African writers has led to what I have characterized in another study as the “rise of the proletarian novel in Africa” (Agho 2012: 53-64). This paper discusses the portrayal of conflict situations in Africa through the agency of the African novel.
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Diala, Isidore. "Conditions of production for writing, publishing and studying literature in africa: the Nigerian situation." African Research & Documentation 100 (2006): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00019695.
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Text of contribution to a panel discussion on “Conditions of Production for Writing and Publishing in Africa” at a postgraduate seminar, Faculty of English, University of Cambridge, 1 February 2006, revised for a SCOLMA seminar with the present title at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, 21March, 2006.Quite apart from claims made for Cyprian Ekwensi as the first Nigerian to publish a full-length novel in “modern English” (that is his 1954 novel, People of The City), it is generally accepted that Amos Tutuola's The Palm-wine Drinkard was the first novel in any variety of English to be published by a Nigerian. That novel was incidentally published in 1952 by Faber and Faber in the UK. Perhaps this has not after all turned out to be a good omen for publishing in Nigeria.
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Fọlárànmí, Stephen, and Eyitayo Tolulope Ijisakin. "Re-Inventing African Literature through Visual Arts." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0054.
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Abstract Evidence abounds of the synergy that exists between literature and visual arts in Africa. Illustrations are known to have given more meaning to books, while the text plays the role of the storyteller, the illustration acts out the story or scene on the pages of the book. Illustrations also make readership very easy and appealing to children and the uneducated people in our local communities. In recent times however, studies have shown a sharp decline in the inclusion of very good, insightful and inspiring illustrations into African literary text. When included, it is often poor and limited to the cover page of the book. This paper examines the merits derivable from the inclusion of visual arts into African literature as well as the reason for its decline with a view to suggesting how it can be used to reinvent African literature. It is expected that by so doing, publishers and authors will see the need and importance of using more illustrations in their books. This will, in turn, generate more interest in the culture of reading among the youths of the 21st century as well as the development of literature directed towards children and the unread.
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Bongomin, Felix, Ronald Olum, Winnie Kibone, Martha Namusobya, Norman van Rhijn, and David W. Denning. "Prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis along the continuum of pulmonary tuberculosis care: A protocol for a living systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 15, 2023): e0294634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294634.
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Introduction Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a debilitating disease estimated to affect over 3 million people worldwide. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the most significant risk factor for CPA. However, the true burden of CPA at the time of PTB diagnosis, during, and after PTB treatment remains unknown. In this paper, we present a protocol for a living systematic review aimed at estimating the current burden of CPA along the continuum of PTB care. Materials and methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines to formulate this protocol, which is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023453900). We will identify primary literature through various electronic databases, including CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and African Journal Online. The search will encompass articles from inception to December 31st, 2023, using medical subject heading search terms "pulmonary tuberculosis" AND "chronic pulmonary aspergillosis". Two reviewers will independently assess titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility using the Covidence web-based software. The eligible studies will comprise original observational research that reports on the prevalence of CPA diagnosed in individuals with PTB, based on established criteria, without language or geographic restriction. We intend to exclude single case reports and case series with fewer than 10 participants, as well as review articles, guidelines, and letters to the editors. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools (ROB2 and ROBINS-I) will used to assess study quality and risk of bias and the quality of the evidence will be rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool. Our data syntheses will encompass meta-analysis and meta-regression, conducted using STATA version 18 and R- Studio version 4.0.2. This systematic review will be updated every 3–5 years as more data emerges. Conclusions The findings of this proposed systematic review will summarize the available evidence on the occurrence of CPA, at the time of PTB diagnosis, during and after PTB treatment. The study results have the potential to guide healthcare policies regarding screening for CPA, enhance clinical decision-making, and catalyse further research into understanding the interplay between PTB and CPA. By shedding light on the current burden of CPA along the continuum of PTB care, we aspire to contribute to the betterment of patient care, disease management, and global health outcomes. PROSPERO registration CRD42023453900.
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Chiluba, Brian. "Kidney Disease for People Living with HIVin Sub-Saharan Africa; A Systematic Review." Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21617/jprm2021.323.
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People living with HIV have been known to have a higher risk and threat of kidney disease. Globally, the prevalence of kidney disease for PLWH is postulated to be 6.4%. This prevalence is different for many different parts of the world, with 7.9% in Africa, 7.1% in North America, 5.7% in Asia and 3.7% in Europe. This systematic review set out to review and collect evidence from literature source and to provide a summary about factors influencing kidney disease for PLWH in Africa. We hypothesized that TDF containing ART is significantly associated with kidney disease. A systematic review and search of data was performed and all articles included were English articles from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase. We carried out the selection of titles in three distinct phases: titles alone, abstracts, and then full text articles. 7 papers were included. While TDF was included in the ART regimens in all the studies, there was wide variation in ART combinations and concurrent medications and durations thereof.All studies except one included only adult patients of both men and women. Majority of the studies highlighted kidney disease and mostly these were hospital-based data. the findings establish a significant association between kidney disease and TDF use, but in terms of the clinical significance and weighting the risks against the benefits, we cannot discourage the continual use of the drug.
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Naidoo, Shane, Samuel Otoo, and Niri Naidoo. "Physical activity interventions implemented for older people in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a scoping review." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (April 2023): e071127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071127.
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IntroductionThe global population of older people (OP) is on an upward trajectory, with predictions that the number of OP would surpass the population of younger people by 2050. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), death from infectious diseases in the younger population and lower fertility rates are influencing a double burden contributing to an exponential growth in the ageing population. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality and disability in the population of OP in SSA. Physical activity (PA) has been proven to have positive benefits in reducing the prevalence of NCDs in OP. The objective of this scoping review is to summarise the evidence on the feasibility and effectiveness of PA interventions that have been implemented among OP to address PA levels, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, cognitive function, quality of life and body mass index in SSA.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Insitute (JBI) methodology will be followed for this scoping review. An electronic search of PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic Search Premier AfricaWide Information, CINAHL, Health Sources Premier Academic/Nursing), Scopus and ProQuest (grey literature) will be done from 2010 onwards to identify reports of randomised controlled studies published in English using relevant keywords. 2010 was selected as the cut-off point for inclusion in order to focus only on relatively recent evidence, as it is more likely to remain relevant and applicable to present-day settings. The searches will be performed by the primary reviewer in conjunction with a senior librarian. Full independent review of the uploaded articles will be done by two reviewers, by title and abstract, and thereafter by full text, based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The reference list of included articles will be scanned for additional relevant articles. Disagreements will be arbitrated by a third reviewer. Results will be presented in a descriptive form as well as in tabular, graphical and diagrammatic formats, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews.Ethics and disseminationThe review will be extracting and reporting on data from published literature so there is no requirement for ethics approval. The findings of the review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Aminu, Segun. "Sociopolitical Reconstruction in Niyi Osundare’s The State Visit and Ahmed Yerima’s Hard Ground." Kampala International University Journal of Education Two, Two (December 31, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kjed-2022-2-2-06.
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Socio-political reconstruction is a motif in African literature and it is for this reason, among others, African literature is regarded as literature of commitment since creative writers in the continent embed socio-political and economic problems plaguing the continent in their writings. Thus, African literature dwells more on the functional role of literature than the entertaining role, and that is why African literature is often described as functional literature. African writers see literature as a tool for societal re-education and liberation. They consider themselves as the conscience of the nation and terror on corrupt political leaders. Therefore, they take advantage of the opportunity literature affords and affect the lives of the people. They do so by portraying the everyday socio-political and economic challenges thereby making their literary art a commitment geared toward a reconstruction of the socio-political and economic systems of the society. This paper is therefore an attempt to highlight how Niyi Osundare in State Visit and Ahmed Yerima in Hard Ground depict and attempt to reconstruct the society.