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Journal articles on the topic 'Full-depth recycling'
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1
Bemanian, Sohila, Patty Polish, and Gayle Maurer. "Cold In-Place Recycling and Full-Depth Reclamation Projects by Nevada Department of Transportation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1949, no. 1 (January 2006): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198106194900106.
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Bowers, Benjamin F., David E. Allain, and Brian K. Diefenderfer. "Review of Agency Pavement Recycling Construction Specifications." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 8 (July 1, 2020): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120931503.
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Cold in-place recycling, cold central plant recycling, and full depth reclamation are cost-effective, environmentally conscious pavement rehabilitation or reconstruction techniques. Although these techniques are not new, they have not been widely adopted among state agencies. There has, however, been a recent resurgence in interest in these techniques. To date there are no national specification guidelines for these processes to assist in their widespread implementation, and those specifications that do exist often have a wide range of requirements. This paper presents the results of a review of state and local agency specifications for pavement recycling techniques and offers suggestions to help agencies achieve a better and longer-lasting product when specifying pavement recycling techniques.
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Berthelot, Curtis, and Ron Gerbrandt. "Full-Depth In-Place Recycling and Road Strengthening Systems for Low-Volume Roads: Highway No. 19 Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-05.
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The province of Saskatchewan has the highest number of public roads per capita in Canada, totaling approximately 198,700 km. The Saskatchewan Department of Highways and Transportation manages approximately 26,100 km of these public roads. As with most public road agencies, the department has limited resources for managing this relatively large network of low-volume roads and therefore continually strives to research and implement more cost-effective and technically feasible solutions. Of particular concern are approximately 7,500 km of thin membrane surface (TMS) roads that are undergoing accelerated damage as truck traffic and loading increase. Although conventional TMS upgrading strategies are normally effective, there are potentially significant benefits to be gained with implementation of more cost-effective methods of road strengthening. Systems include granular soil strengthening and applications of different cement products, lime, various grades of fly ash, geotextiles, geogrids, natural and manufactured fibers, emulsified bitumen, tall oil, lignin, foamed bitumen, and synthetic ionic and cationic chemicals. Since 1999, in conjunction with Pavement Scientific International and in cooperation with the University of Saskatchewan and product suppliers, the department has constructed pilot projects on Highway No. 19 to identify, develop, and implement more cost-effective strengthening systems. The primary research objective is to investigate alternative road construction systems that will improve the load-carrying capacity and environmental durability of Saskatchewan TMS roads. Improved mechanistic engineering methods played a part in this initiative, and pilot project performance was monitored.
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Berthelot, Curtis, and Ron Gerbrandt. "Cold In-Place Recycling and Full-Depth Strengthening of Clay-Till Subgrade Soils Results with Cementitious Waste Products in Northern Climates." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1787, no. 1 (January 2002): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1787-01.
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Diefenderfer, Brian K., Ilker Boz, Jhony Habbouche, David Jones, and Adam J. Hand. "Development and Assessment of Rapid Tests for Construction of Asphalt-Treated Cold Recycled Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120908867.
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Pavement recycling techniques, including full depth reclamation, cold in-place recycling, and cold central plant recycling, are effective at rehabilitating existing pavements and constructing new pavements while reducing construction costs, environmental impacts, and construction time. Despite these benefits, these techniques are not used as often as they could be, in part because agencies are unable to assess rapidly the quality of the recycled material or to determine when a recycled pavement has sufficient structural capacity to handle traffic or construction equipment for surfacing, or both, without causing damage, especially at early ages. To describe better the time-critical properties of recycled materials, a series of tests was conducted to assess the stiffness, penetration resistance, and shear and raveling properties of laboratory-produced recycled mixtures sampled from field projects. These tests were conducted to evaluate their potential to discriminate among various factors affecting the behavior of the materials in the laboratory. The study found that penetration resistance tests were most sensitive to the factors assessed, followed by stiffness and then torque values from shear and raveling tests. These tests will be further validated using additional mixture types in the laboratory, and their performance in the field will be studied.
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Li, Taotao. "Study the effect of vibration mixing on the performances of full replacement recycled aggregate concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 276 (2021): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127602027.
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It is an urgent problem that the construction solid waste is difficult to be treated, and its recycling provides a way for its treatment. The quality of construction solid waste recycled aggregate is lower than that of natural aggregate, which limits its extensive application in building materials. In order to provide a new method for engineering application of recycled aggregate concrete, the influence of vibration mixing on the performances of full replacement recycled aggregate concrete were studied. The performance indexes of recycled aggregate concrete under ordinary mixing and vibration mixing were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that compared with natural aggregate concrete, the slump of full replacement recycled aggregate concrete decreased by 58.8%, and 7d and 28d compressive strength decreased by 12.9% and 16.1%, and the splitting strength decreased by 30.6% and 20.1%, and the carbonation depth decreased by 91.5%; Compared with natural aggregate concrete using ordinary mixing, the slump of full replacement recycled aggregate concrete using vibration mixing decreased by 50.9%, the 7d and 28d compressive strength decreased by 6.9% and 10.9%, and the splitting strength decreased by 16.9% and 12.4%, and the 28d carbonation depth decreased by 34.9%. The results show that compared with ordinary mixing, vibration mixing can improve the performance of recycled aggregate concrete, which provides a reference for engineering application.
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Boutin, C., R. Parouty, C. Ménoret, A. Liénard, and F. Brissaud. "Modelling of a recirculating granular medium filter's processes." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0432.
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The effluents of French small farm factories will soon be submitted to regulation. Only a few treatment techniques are available to deal with these kind of effluent (high concentration and small daily volumes). To allow the treatment, in the particular economic context of small food processing industries, Cemagref is trying to adapt a treatment based on attached growth cultures on fine media, a system known to be easy to operate and relatively inexpensive. A model, based on four sub-models (hydrodynamic characteristics, oxygen transport, solute transport in the mobile and immobile phases and bacterial evolution) describes this process. Based on wastewater concentration, hydraulic load, applied organic loads, feeding / rest cycles and recycling phases number, this model predicts:•eliminated organic loads and the discharge concentration as a function of time,•oxygen and biomass contents as a function of time and depth. The determination of the model's parameters is based on a comparison between simulations and performances achieved on experimental columns. This model would be helpful in sizing full-scale filters treating different types of agro-food wastewater. The aim of this article is to present the model's structure, to give all parameter values and to compare the simulations with the results obtained on pilot and full scale plants.
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Guerrero-Miranda, Paulina, and Arturo Luque González. "Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and Public Policy: The Lessons of Debris Management after the Manabí Earthquake in Ecuador." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073494.
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Natural disasters can generate millions of tons of debris and waste, which has an impact on the environment and poses direct risks to the health of the population, hence the need to analyze public policy and its consequences following the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador. Several in-depth interviews were conducted with individuals active in public service during the post-earthquake management period, together with fieldwork analysis of debris management and the institutional strategies for its recycling and reuse in three of the most affected cities: Pedernales, Portoviejo, and Manta. The environmental impact was examined, including its taxonomy of inconsistencies within public administration, alongside the processes of decentralization and shared decision-making. Similarly, the links between corporate social responsibility (CSR), public policy, and sustainability were analyzed at both the national and local level for their wider implications and ramifications. The study highlighted the gaps in the management of such a crisis, exposing a lack of ethics and the shortcomings of social (ir-)responsibility in the distorted processes of public welfare in the country, aspects that should rather work in concert to achieve full sustainable development.
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Guthrie, W. Spencer, Tyler B. Young, Brandon J. Blankenagel, and Dane A. Cooley. "Early-Age Strength Assessment of Cement-Treated Base Material." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600102.
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To avoid early-age damage to cement-treated base (CTB) materials, the cement must be allowed to cure before the pavement can be opened to traffic. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the utilities of the soil stiffness gauge (SSG), the heavy Clegg impact soil tester (CIST), the dynamic cone penetrometer, and the falling weight deflectometer for assessing early-age strength gain of cement-stabilized materials. Experiments were performed at four sites on a pavement reconstruction project along I-84 in Morgan, Utah, where cement stabilization was used in conjunction with full-depth recycling. Each site was stationed to facilitate repeated measurements at the same locations with different devices and at different curing times. Because of the considerable attention from the pavement construction industry for routine quality control and quality assurance programs, the SSG and CIST were the primary focus of the research. Statistical techniques were used to evaluate the repeatability of these devices and their sensitivity to curing time. The results indicated that although the SSG was more repeatable at one site, the CIST data were markedly more sensitive to curing time than the SSG data at all cement-treated sites during the first 72 h after construction. For this reason, the data suggest that the CIST offers greater overall utility than the SSG for monitoring early-age strength gain of CTB. Further research is needed to investigate appropriate thresholds and protocols for these testing methods that ensure adequate reliability of the collected data.
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Timm, David H., Brian K. Diefenderfer, and Benjamin F. Bowers. "Cold Central Plant Recycled Asphalt Pavements in High Traffic Applications." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 40 (October 5, 2018): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118801347.
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Cold central plant recycling (CCPR) is gaining wider use in the U.S. for rehabilitating existing asphalt pavements or for new construction. Although it is used widely in lower traffic volume situations, CCPR use in high volume pavements remains an open question when considering its structural capacity and expected performance. A project completed in 2011 on I-81 in Virginia indicated CCPR may be suitable for high-volume traffic applications and was further evaluated with the construction of three CCPR test sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology Test Track in 2012. These sections are now approaching 20 million equivalent single axle load applications and this paper documents their structural and surface performance thus far. The structural characterization indicates healthy pavements with no significant increases in measured pavement response or decreases in backcalculated moduli over time. Performance has been excellent with no cracking observed on any section, rut depths less than 0.3 inches and ride quality that has remained almost unchanged. Perpetual pavement analyses were also conducted and found that the section with a cement-stabilized base layer supporting the CCPR layer met the criteria and is likely perpetual. The other two sections, without the cement-stabilized base, did not meet the criteria and may develop bottom-up cracking. Data from the I-81 and Test Track sections enabled the Virginia Department of Transport (VDOT) to proceed with a design-build project on I-64 that will feature CCPR with a cement-stabilized base and full-depth reclamation (FDR). It is estimated that nearly 170,000 tons of reclaimed asphalt pavement will be used with over $10 million in savings.
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Galitskova, Yu M., M. I. Balzannikov, and E. G. Vyshkin. "REHABILITATION OF POLLUTED URBAN AREAS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 15, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol1.2637.
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Industrial structures, residential buildings and other objects of infrastructure are being constructed in many Russian cities now. In addition to new constructions, reconstruction and rebuilding of existing buildings is also being performed. Meanwhile, such construction objects are situated not only in open suburban areas but also in urban districts and city zones. Often it is necessary to dismantle or demolish old run-down buildings or distressed structures before constructing new buildings. Such works always cause large amounts of construction waste.
To accommodate constructive materials for new structures and to store elements of disassembled buildings and construction wastes special storage grounds are used. Being of temporal nature, these storage grounds are not capable to ensure full protection of the environment from pollution.
The team of employees of Samara State Technical University investigated several districts of the city of Samara. This investigation revealed that in all temporary dumping sites construction wastes amount to 8% and dumping sites of a mixed type containing construction wastes – to 35%.
The majority of temporary dumping sites are removed in a short time. Mostly, it is done by collection and removal of construction waste to special waste landfills. At the same time, the investigation demonstrated that though these dumping sites are temporal, their existence causes environmental pollution of underlying open ground as repugnant substance penetrates the ground with rains and pollution of airspace as light pollutants are dispersed by wind. Moreover, even after these temporary dumping sites are removed, already polluted soil layers continue to pollute soils as a secondary pollutant source.
The authors offer a technical solution which allow to carry out rehabilitation of polluted urban areas more effectively. In particular, it is recommended to remove waste from the temporary dumping sites stage by stage. At the first stage, off-site areas should be inspected and the extent of pollution (pollution depth) of underground layers should be estimated. At the next stage, a protective barrier in the ground around the dumping site and on the surface should be built. Only after that we recommend that wastes should be removed and sent to a waste recycling plant or to a specially equipped waste landfill. Then, it is required to cut off all polluted soils and to remove them to a special waste landfill for storage.
Thus, this solution makes it possible to reduce the risk of secondary environmental pollution.
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Sztuk - Sikorska, Ewa, and Leon Gradon. "Biofouling reduction for improvement of depth water filtration. Filter production and testing." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0026.
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AbstractWater is a strategic material. Recycling is an important component of balancing its use. Deep-bed filtration is an inexpensive purification method and seems to be very effective in spreading water recovery. Good filter designs, such as the fibrous filter, have high separation efficiency, low resistance for the up-flowing fluid and high retention capacity. However, one of the substantial problems of this process is the biofouling of the filter. Biofouling causes clogging and greatly reduces the life of the filter. Therefore, the melt-blown technique was used for the formation of novel antibacterial fibrous filters. Such filters are made of polypropylene composites with zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles on the fiber surface. These components act as inhibitors of bacterial growth in the filter and were tested in laboratory and full scale experiments. Antibacterial/bacteriostatic tests were performed on Petri dishes with E. coli and B. subtilis. Full scale experiments were performed on natural river water, which contained abiotic particles and mutualistic bacteria. The filter performance at industrial scale conditions was measured using a particle counter, a flow cytometer and a confocal microscope. The results of the experiments indicate a significant improvement of the composite filter performance compared to the regular fibrous filter. The differences were mostly due to a reduction in the biofouling effect.
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Beesam, Vishwa V., and Cristina Torres-Machi. "Input Parameters for the Mechanistic-Empirical Design of Full-Depth Reclamation Projects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, July 12, 2021, 036119812110179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211017916.
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Cold recycling technologies such as full-depth reclamation (FDR) are sustainable and cost-effective techniques for pavement rehabilitation that reduce environmental impacts and construction costs and time. The limited information available on the material properties of FDR mixtures and their characterization in mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design hinders the full deployment of FDR. Previous research has found current M-E default values to be non-representative and overly conservative, leading to an underestimation of the true performance capabilities of FDR materials. To address this gap, this paper analyzes the performance of 11 FDR sites constructed throughout Colorado, U.S., and compares their long-term performance with M-E predictions. The objective of this paper is to recommend input values for the M-E design of FDR base materials that result in reliable predictions of FDR long-term performance. The analysis includes both non-stabilized and emulsion-stabilized FDR projects. Both initial International Roughness Index (IRI) and resilient modulus were found to have a significant impact on M-E predictions and were calibrated in a two-step process. The proposed input parameters lead to a conservative design of FDR projects and result in improved IRI predictions compared with the ones derived from current design criteria. With the current design parameters, IRI predictions were, on average, overestimated by 51 in./mi, whereas the proposed input parameters make it possible to reduce this difference to 17 in./mi. Future research is needed to improve current models in M-E pavement design software to adequately model cold in-place recycled layers such as FDR.
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Amarh, Eugene A., Gerardo W. Flintsch, Joao Santos, and Brian K. Diefenderfer. "Development of Roughness Prediction Models for Life Cycle Assessment Studies of Recycled Pavement Projects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, August 8, 2021, 036119812110299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211029928.
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The few existing life cycle assessment studies considering pavement recycling techniques usually omit the stages of maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) and use. The reason for this omission is the lack of information about how the pavement’s performance evolves over time and absence of methods to determine the M&R frequency and service life for completed projects. As a result, the deterioration of pavement recycling projects in the long term is not clearly understood. Few projects have available data, the majority of which are on low volume primary and secondary roads. This paper describes an approach to develop a family of roughness models for recycling projects in Colorado using functional data analysis, and individual models for selected projects in Virginia to support ongoing life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. In the case of Colorado, full depth reclamation (FDR) projects will most likely deteriorate following an average group rate of 1.4 in./mi/year, with an initial international roughness index (IRI) between 52 and 70 in./mi. For the individual roughness models developed for Virginia projects, the initial IRI values and the rate of change for the treatments analyzed were found to range between 49 and 107 in./mi and between 0.7 and 5.2 in./mi/year, respectively, depending on the recycling method and type of stabilization treatment. The results of an LCA case study show that, in addition to recycling, Virginia Department of Transportation can achieve statewide emission reduction goals if focus is placed on achieving smoother roads while measures are taken to keep the annual rates of deterioration low.
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Hand, Adam J. T., Ilker Boz, Murugaiyah Piratheepan, Forrest Hierholzer, Brian K. Diefenderfer, David Jones, Jhony Habbouche, and Stefan Louw. "Ruggedness Evaluation and Precision Estimates for Newly Developed Test Methods for Asphalt-Treated Cold Recycled Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, July 14, 2021, 036119812110171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211017142.
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Asphalt-treated cold recycled pavements, including cold in place recycling, full depth reclamation, and cold central plant recycling, are becoming popular rehabilitation options because they are economical, sustainable, and provide good performance. Because asphalt-treated cold recycled pavements use foamed or emulsified binder, they require a curing period post-construction before being opened to traffic or surfaced. Uniform guidelines on when an asphalt-treated cold recycled roadway can be opened to traffic or surfaced are not widely established, many are based on time or moisture content, and extreme ranges exist among agency specifications. Mixture designs also vary widely among agencies with regard to active filler use and asphalt recycling agents, further complicating the determination of necessary curing time. NCHRP Project 09-62 investigated a variety of test methods for determining when a recycled roadway could be opened to traffic or surfaced. This included extensive laboratory and field evaluations. New shear strength and raveling test methods were developed. For each test method a ruggedness study and inter-laboratory study were performed. The ruggedness study revealed critical test fixture and operation parameters. Six asphalt-treated cold recycled pavement process/material combinations were tested by three entities to develop precision estimates and statements (i.e., repeatability and reproducibility) for the new test methods. Tools and information from this study provide a rational basis for establishing specifications, which will help reduce pavement damage from early traffic and minimize roadway closures and delays.