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Academic literature on the topic 'Full Hybrids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Full Hybrids"

1

Cabral, Sandro, and Claude Ménard. "Managing critical services through hybrid arrangements." RAUSP Management Journal 54, no. 3 (2019): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rausp-03-2019-0037.

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Purpose Building on the literature of hybrids in the context of public organizations, this paper aims to discuss under which conditions hybrids can adequately provide “critical services”, a subset of public services characterized by their simultaneous exposure to externalities, socio-economic cohesion and legitimacy concerns. Design/methodology/approach The authors collect indications from two stylized examples, prisons and defense, to develop propositions as a step toward assessing the potential role of hybrids as alternatives to direct public provision or full privatization in the delivery of critical services. Findings This paper examines the conditions under which hybrid arrangements outperform the polar cases of public bureaus and full privatization in the delivery of a specific subset of public goods that the authors identify as “critical services”. Originality/value The authors suggest that there might be comparative advantages in relying on hybrid arrangements rather than the usual solutions of fully private or fully governmental provision. However, they also submit that these advantages are conditional to the capacity of hybrids to reconcile competing interests to achieve socio-economic cohesion, to combine capabilities dispersed among partners to benefit from positive externalities and to satisfy legitimacy concerns with respect to the role of government.

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Lavčák, Matúš, and Michal Puškár. "Aplikačné možnosti HCCI technológie." Technológ 15, no. 3 (2023): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.3.2.

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This text describes the current state of the art of HCCI technology, which is based on combining the characteristics of a petrol and diesel engine. HCCI engines offer higher fuel efficiency and lower nitrogen oxide emissions. However, they also have disadvantages such as limited load range, control complexity and cold weather starting problems. The next section of the text discusses hybrid propulsion, which uses a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. It describes the different types of hybrid powertrains such as soft hybrids, plug-in hybrids and full hybrids. Explains their advantages and possible applications. A solution is then proposed where the HCCI engine would serve as a generator in a series hybrid vehicle with an electric motor. Such an arrangement allows optimization of energy use and reduction of emissions. Finally, the relevance of HCCI technology for improving the efficiency of fuel engines and hybrid vehicle design is evaluated.

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Nguyen, VQ, WJ Ashcroft, KH Jones, and WB McGlasson. "Evaluation of Fsub(1) hybrids incorporating the rin (ripening inhibitor) gene to improve the storage life and fruit quality of fresh market tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 3 (1991): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910407.

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Four new F1 hybrids which incorporate the ripening inhibitor (rin) tomato mutation were compared with standard commercial tomato cultivars, including Flora-Dade, for the fresh market in New South Wales and Victoria. The rin gene, in the heterozygous condition, delayed the start of ripening by a few days, increased the interval between breaker and full ripe from 5 to 7 days compared with commercial cultivars, and increased the storage life of ripe fruits from 28 to 40 days at 20�C. There were no significant differences between the level of red colour developed by the rin hybrids and reference tomatoes; however, the rin hybrid fruits took 4 days longer to reach full red colour. The fruits of rin hybrid were as firm as the reference tomatoes when picked at breaker and stored at 20�C for 6 days. However, rin hybrid fruits were significantly (P<0.05) firmer than those of reference tomatoes when harvested at a full ripe stage. Of the 4 rin hybrids tested, HRAS 87-70, which showed the most promise, was released in February 1990 as 'Red Centre'.

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Linhartová, Z., M. Havelka, M. Pšenička, and M. Flajšhans. "Interspecific hybridization of sturgeon species affects differently their gonadal development." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2016-cjas.

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Gonad development in fish is generally assumed to be negatively influenced by interspecific hybridization, resulting in sterility or sub-sterility. However, this is not the case in sturgeons (Acipenseridae), in which fertile hybrids are common. In the present study, we investigated gonad development in several sturgeon interspecific hybrids and purebred species. Six interspecific hybrid groups and three purebred groups were analyzed including 20 hybrid specimens with even ploidy, 40 specimens having odd ploidy levels, and 30 purebred specimens. Hybrids of species with the same ploidy (even ploidy – 2n, 4n) exhibited normally developed gonads similar to those seen in purebred specimens. In contrast, hybrids of species differing in ploidy (odd ploidy – 3n) did not display fully developed gonads. Ovaries were composed of oocytes or nests of differentiating oocytes that ceased development in early stages of meiosis (pachytene to zygotene) with a higher content of adipose and apoptotic tissue. Testes contained single spermatogonia along with Sertoli cells and spaces lacking germ cells. The obtained results showed that gonad development was influenced by genetic origin and ploidy of the sturgeon hybrids and were consistent with full fertility of hybrids with even ploidy. Sterility of females, but possibly limited fertility of males, is suggested for hybrids with odd ploidy.

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Виноградов, И. С., and Н. Н. Лазарев. "Full assessment of maize hybrids for silage production." Кормопроизводство, no. 1,2023 (February 25, 2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25685/krm.2023.83.41.001.

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В двухлетних исследованиях, выполненных в ООО «КВС РУС» (Лебедянский район Липецкой области) в 2021–2022 годах, проведена оценка продуктивности 17 гибридов кукурузы, скашиваемой на силос в фазу молочно-восковой и восковой спелости. Проведена оценка гибридов кукурузы по урожайности зелёной и сухой массы, сбору крахмала, концентрации чистой энергии лактации (ЧЭЛ), содержанию нейтрально-детергентной клетчатки (НДК), переваримости НДК за 30 часов, скорости переваривания НДК. Установлено, что у большинства гибридов к середине фазы молочно-восковой спелости зерна содержание сухого вещества (СВ) в надземной массе было выше 30%, что соответствует оптимальному значению для начала уборки на силос, однако содержание крахмала было ниже 30%, среднее содержание НДК — выше 40%, а среднее содержание ЧЭЛ — ниже 6,6 МДж, что указывает на преобладание листостебельной массы над массой початка. При уборке гибридов в фазу восковой спелости содержание крахмала в надземной массе 10 гибридов превысило 30%, однако при этом содержание СВ у 13 гибридов было выше 40%, что может негативно сказаться на процессах ферментации. При скашивании в фазу восковой спелости на фоне сниженной переваримости НДК за 30 часов, но большего содержания крахмала, средняя концентрация ЧЭЛ практически не изменилась. При этом наблюдалось снижение урожайности зелёной массы, а средний по всем гибридам сбор СВ, наоборот, возрос на 0,8 т/га. В среднем за 2 года сбор сухой массы у гибридов при использовании в фазу молочно-восковой спелости варьировался в пределах 11,9–13,5 т/га и в фазу восковой спелости — 12,6–14,3 т/га. Для оценки гибридов предложена 10-балльная шкала, которая учитывала десять показателей. Наивысшую оценку (9 баллов) получили гибриды SY Kar и K 57 при использовании в фазу молочно-восковой спелости. OOO “KVS RUS” (the Lebedyan district of the Lipetsk region) tested the productivity of 17 maize hybrids cut at the stages of milky-wax and wax ripeness for ensiling in 2021–2022. Such traits were analyzed as the productivities of green and dry masses, starch content, the concentrations of net energy of lactation (NEL) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), NDF digestibility for 30 hours and NDF digestion rate. Most hybrids accumulated over 30% of dry matter (DM) in tops by the middle of milky-wax stage indicating the optimal time for silage production, however the starch concentration was less than 30%, NDF — exceeded 40%, NEL — below 6.6 MJ, which shows the predominance of the leaf-and-shoot mass over the cob mass. Ten hybrids harvested at wax ripeness had starch concentration in tops of more than 30%, but 13 hybrids showed DM content of over 40% which could have had the negative effect on fermentation. NEL varied insignificantly when cutting plants at wax ripeness under low NDF digestibility for 30 hours and high starch content. Green mass productivity dropped but total DM yield grew by 0.8 t ha-1. Dry mass production amounted to 11.9–13.5 t ha-1 when cutting hybrids at milky-wax ripeness and 12.6–14.3 t ha-1 — under the wax ripeness stage. Ten-point scale proposed for hybrid evaluation took into account 10 hybrid traits. The SY Kar and K 57 hybrids received the highest score of 9 harvested at the stage of milky-wax ripeness.

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Djaman, Koffi, Curtis Owen, Margaret M. West, et al. "Relationship between Relative Maturity and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Northwest New Mexico for the 2003–2019 Period." Agriculture 10, no. 7 (2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070290.

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The highly variable weather under changing climate conditions affects the establishment and the cutoff of crop growing season and exposes crops to failure if producers choose non-adapted relative maturity that matches the characteristics of the crop growing season. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maize hybrid relative maturity and the grain yield and determine the relative maturity range that will sustain maize production in northwest New Mexico (NM). Different relative maturity maize hybrids were grown at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington ((Latitude 36.69° North, Longitude 108.31° West, elevation 1720 m) from 2003 to 2019 under sprinkler irrigation. A total of 343 hybrids were grouped as early and full season hybrids according to their relative maturity that ranged from 93 to 119 and 64 hybrids with unknown relative maturity. The crops were grown under optimal management condition with no stress of any kind. The results showed non-significant increase in grain yield in early season hybrids and non-significant decrease in grain yield with relative maturity in full season hybrids. The relative maturity range of 100–110 obtained reasonable high grain yields and could be considered under the northwestern New Mexico climatic conditions. However, more research should target the evaluation of different planting date coupled with plant population density to determine the planting window for the early season and full season hybrids for the production optimization and sustainability.

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Tupajić, Ivan, Đorđe Moravčević, Marija Ćosić, et al. "Effect of sowing date and irrigation norms on yield components of different sweet corn hybrids." Selekcija i semenarstvo 30, no. 2 (2024): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.5937/selsem2402039t.

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This experimental trial was conducted during the 2022/23 growing season in the Bresje village area near Velika Plana, on anthropogenized soil, using a randomized block design with four replications. Sowing was performed in two date: the first in mid-May and the second in mid-July. Three sweet corn hybrids (Enterprise F1 , Union F1 , and Sweet Nugget F1 ) were evaluated. Two irrigation norms were applied: I - full irrigation (100%), II - 50% of full irrigation, and a control treatment under natural moisture conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of sowing date, irrigation, and different sweet corn hybrids on total ear weight, kernel weight and shelling percentage. The best results were achieved by the hybrid Enterprise in the second sowing period, with significantly higher values than in the first period (total ear weight 392.47 g and kernel weight 272.13 g) under full irrigation, except for the shelling percentage, where the highest shelling percentage was observed in the 50% irrigation treatment at 70.44%. The control variants in both sowing periods across all three hybrids showed the lowest values for all parameters. Values shelling percentage did not significantly differ between sowing dates for any hybrid. Based on these findings, the hybrid Enterprise is an excellent choice for sweet corn cultivation in late sowing dates under full irrigation.

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Thayer, M. J., and R. E. Fournier. "Hormonal regulation of TSE1-repressed genes: evidence for multiple genetic controls in extinction." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 7 (1989): 2837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.7.2837-2846.1989.

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Somatic cell hybrids formed by fusing hepatoma cells with fibroblasts generally fail to express liver functions, a phenomenon termed extinction. Previous studies demonstrated that extinction of the genes encoding tyrosine aminotransferase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and argininosuccinate synthetase is mediated by a specific genetic locus (TSE1) that maps to mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 17. In this report, we show that full repression of these genes requires a genetic factor in addition to TSE1. This conclusion is based on the observation that residual gene activity was apparent in monochromosomal hybrids retaining human TSE1 but not in complex hybrids retaining many fibroblast chromosomes. Furthermore, TSE1-repressed genes were hormone inducible, whereas fully extinguished genes were not. Analysis of hybrid segregants indicated that genetic loci required for the complete repression phenotype were distinct from TSE1.

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Thayer, M. J., and R. E. Fournier. "Hormonal regulation of TSE1-repressed genes: evidence for multiple genetic controls in extinction." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 7 (1989): 2837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.7.2837.

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Somatic cell hybrids formed by fusing hepatoma cells with fibroblasts generally fail to express liver functions, a phenomenon termed extinction. Previous studies demonstrated that extinction of the genes encoding tyrosine aminotransferase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and argininosuccinate synthetase is mediated by a specific genetic locus (TSE1) that maps to mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 17. In this report, we show that full repression of these genes requires a genetic factor in addition to TSE1. This conclusion is based on the observation that residual gene activity was apparent in monochromosomal hybrids retaining human TSE1 but not in complex hybrids retaining many fibroblast chromosomes. Furthermore, TSE1-repressed genes were hormone inducible, whereas fully extinguished genes were not. Analysis of hybrid segregants indicated that genetic loci required for the complete repression phenotype were distinct from TSE1.

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Miller, L. C., B. L. Vasilas, R. W. Taylor, T. A. Evans, and C. M. Gempesaw. "Plant population and hybrid considerations for dryland corn production on drought-susceptible soils." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 1 (1995): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-014.

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Selection of a target population for dryland corn (Zea mays) production on drought-susceptible soils is a difficult decision, as a stand appropriate for drought conditions may not fully utilize the environment during a non-stress year. One possible management strategy is to use a low seeding rate and hybrids with ear characteristics that promote yield stability over a range of environments and plant populations. To evaluate this strategy, a 2-yr field study was conducted on a Rumford loamy sand. The performance of four hybrids — 1) full season, flexible ear; 2) short season, flexible ear; 3) full season, prolific; and 4) short season, prolific — was evaluated at four populations — 29 600, 39 500, 49 400, and 59 300 plants ha−1 — in two different growing seasons. Seasonal precipitation in 1988 was 14 cm below the average of 50 cm; 1989 seasonal precipitation was 37 cm above average. Average grain yields were 40% lower in 1988 than in 1989, and the yield loss was due primarily to a decrease in ear size. All hybrids demonstrated the ability to compensate for changes in population in 1988. Averaged across years, highest yields were produced with the two highest populations. The full-season, prolific hybrid was the most productive at every population. Key words: Maize, Zea mays, genotype × environment interactions, plant population, prolificacy, ear size

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Full Hybrids"

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Voigt, Robert L., and Carl L. Schmalzel. "Grain Sorghum Hybrids Grown Full Season at the Safford Agricultural Center, 1984." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200530.

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Shaw, Ivan Ting-kun 1966. "Unique immunologic determinants of neuroblastoma x spinal cord cell hybrids." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26142.

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The cell biology of the motor neuron--the cell targeted in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other human neurodegenerative diseases--is not well understood, partially since little is known of the molecules defining its phenotype. Using the motor neuron-like somatic cell hybrid NSC$ sb{34}$ (Cashman et al. 1992), we developed a panel of polyclonal antibodies recognizing unique epitopes on this cell line. Screening of a preliminary panel demonstrated that virtually all surface epitopes were shared with the N18TG2 neuroblastoma parent but following absorption of the antisera with N18TG2 cells, hybrid-specific surface reactivity was observed. A second panel generated in animals tolerized to N18TG2 showed similar hybrid-specific reactivity without requiring preabsorption. Immunoblotting revealed several unique NSC$ sb{34}$ bands ranging in size from 40 kDa to over 120 kDa, as well as several bands shared with N18TG2; parallel blots showed that these were not NCAM or neurofilament subunits. This antiserum also recognized epitopes of NG108-15 cells (Nirenberg et al. 1983) induced into a motor neuronal phenotype, suggesting that some of the NSC$ sb{34}$ gene products have a role in motor neuron function. Digestion of cell homogenates with endoglycosidases prior to immunoblotting eliminated the NSC$ sb{34}$ reactivity, suggesting that all unique NSC$ sb{34}$ epitopes (including those cross-reactive with induced NG108-15) were localized to glycoconjugates. Our work indicates that it is possible to characterize the molecules of the motor neuron phenotype, but that the focus may have to shift from searching for unique proteins to unique glycoconjugates or (protein)-carbohydrate combinations.

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Yazbeck, Daniel Rida. "Molecular requirements for degradation of RNA in DNARNA hybrids by ribonuclease H." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33046.

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The Ribonuclease H (RNase H) family of enzymes selectively degrades the RNA strand of DNA/RNA hybrids.<br>Using a sense strand which contained the minimum natural RNA gap requirement, the kinetic rates of degradation of a series of heteroduplex substrates containing 2'F-ANA antisense oligonucleotides of variable flexibility were examined. Results from these studies implicate flexibility of the antisense oligonucleotides as a major requirements for RNase H catalytic efficiency.<br>In addition to the above, physicochemical studies have revealed the thermal stabilities and relative conformations of these modified heteroduplexes under physiological conditions.<br>All of the above findings offer further insights into the physical binding and catalytic properties of the RNase H-substrate interaction, and have been incorporated into a revised model for the mechanism of action of this crucial enzyme. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Begna, Sultan Hussein. "Agronomic and physiological aspects of competition for light between corn hybrids differing in canopy architecture and weeds." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35572.

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The problems associated with short growing seasons has led to the development of leafy-reduced stature (LRS) corn hybrids. These hybrids have more leaf area above the ear, more rapid leaf area development, shorter stature, earlier maturity, and better responses to high plant populations and narrow spacings than conventional hybrids. Plants grown in a reduced light environment are limited in carbon assimilation and this, in turn, results in reductions in growth and development. A way to supplement the availability of photosynthate is injection of sucrose into plant stems. The objective of this thesis was to determine the ability of LRS corn plants to compete with weeds, and the reactions of weed species to the shade, including the relationships between weed growth (increase in biomass) and development (shape) under shaded conditions. Three years of field experiments (LRS and more conventional corn hybrids with both transplanted and naturally growing weeds) and two years of greenhouse work [weeds alone, C3 (lamb's quarters and velvetleaf) and C4 (redroot pigweed) in full sun or deep (75%) shade injected with 15% sucrose or not] were conducted. Yield reductions due to weed pressure were lower for LRS than other hybrids. Biomass production by both transplanted and naturally occurring weeds was up to 85% less under corn canopies than when grown without competition from corn. The biomass of C4 weeds was more reduced by competition with corn plants than that of C3 weeds. In spite of quick and early leaf development, leaves and other plant parts of LRS were not damaged excessively by mechanical (rotary hoeing) weed control. Both C3 and C4 weed plants produced more dry matter when injected with sucrose. Dry weights of sucrose injected shaded plants were not different from full sun uninjected plants. However, sucrose injection did not alter shading effects on development (distribution of biomass). Dry matter production and photosynthetic rates of C4 weeds were more reduced

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Polius, J. J. N. "Micronutrient nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by fertilizers, hybrids, irrigation and plant population density." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63809.

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Liu, Aiguo 1949. "Mycorrhizal symbiosis and nutrient uptake in new maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes as influenced by soil phosphorus level." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36820.

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Development and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in the soil-plant system are required in sustainable agriculture. AM development of maize genotypes and uptake of nutrients as influenced by soil P levels were studied. Several experiments were conducted both in the greenhouse and in the field.<br>In greenhouse trials, pasteurized substrates were inoculated with Glomus intraradices as mycorrhizal treatments. Mycorrhizal development varied widely among maize hybrids and inbreds. Leafy normal stature (LNS) had the highest root colonization and shoot:root ratio and was the most responsive to AM fungi. Mycorrhizal development was generally reduced at high soil P and micronutrient levels. The percentage of root colonization was correlated with the ratio of plant tissue N/P only when soil N level was intermediate. Mycorrhizal plants increased uptake of Zn and Cu only at low P and low micronutrient levels, but decreased Mn uptake at higher micronutrient level.<br>In field trials, soil fumigation was used to eliminate AM fungi in control plots. Again LNS was most responsive to indigenous AM fungi, closely followed by Non-leafy normal stature (NLNS). Mycorrhizae increased uptake of K, Ca and Mg only when these nutrients and available P were low in soil. Correlations between extraradicular hyphae and plant concentrations of K, Ca and Mg suggested that uptake of K was more dependent on extraradicular hyphae than uptake of Ca and Mg. Total P uptake was higher in plots where the AM symbiosis was not repressed, but soil available P was not always reduced.<br>There is potential for development of mycorrhiza efficient maize hybrids performing well under low input management in sustainable agriculture.

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Modarres, Sanavy S. A. M. (Seyed Ali Mohammad). "Leafy reduced-stature maize (Zea mays L.) for mid- to short-season environments : yield, development, and physiological aspects of inbred lines and hybrids." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39966.

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Maize production in short-season environments has at least two critical problems. Firstly, maize grown in short-season areas has lower leaf area indices (LAI) than maize grown in long season areas, due to shorter plant stature and less time for development, which results in reduced leaf number and size. Secondly, in very short-season areas the seasonal thermal-time available may be insufficient to mature grain of current maize hybrids. Therefore development of maize types that accumulate leaf area and mature quickly would increase production of maize in mid- to short-season areas. The leafy (Lfy1) and reduced-stature (rd1) genes make contributions to this end. However, these two genes have not previously been combined. From 1991 to 1993, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the leafy reduced-stature (LRS) inbred lines and hybrids for yield, maturity times and morphological traits, at different planting densities and patterns in Montreal and Ottawa. LRS maize inbred lines showed the most rapid silk extrusion, optimum leaf area development, and rapid growth of the first ear, the highest yield per unit leaf area, and the closest synchronization of pollen shed and silk extrusion at high plant population densities. LRS maize hybrids had the most rapid leaf development, longest grain filling period, lowest grain moisture content at harvest, and highest harvest index. Therefore LRS hybrids should allow an extension into shorter season areas where it can not now be successfully cultivated, and may increase yields in mid- to short season areas where maize is now produced.

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Begna, Sultan Hussein. "Response of leafy reduced-stature maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids to plant population densities and planting patterns in a short-season area." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27278.

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The yield of short-season hybrids is lower than long-season hybrids, mainly as a result of the low final leaf area developed by the short-season plants. This is due to the smaller plant stature and smaller leaf number and size of short-season adapted hybrids. In addition, in short-season areas the thermal-time available may be insufficient to mature grain of current maize hybrids. Maize hybrids which accumulate leaf area quickly, mature earlier, yield well and tolerate higher population densities better than the currently available hybrids would be more suitable for production in short-season areas. The "Leafy reduced-stature" maize hybrids, which have only recently been developed, have traits which address these criteria. There has been no previous effort to evaluate the effects of more than two plant population densities or the effects of planting patterns on the yield, yield components and vegetative growth of these hybrids. in 1995, field experiments were conducted at two sites near Montreal to compare the response of leafy reduced-stature (LRS), non-leafy normal stature (NLNS), and non-leafy reduced-stature (NLRS) maize hybrids to plant population densities and planting patterns. LRS maize hybrids showed the most rapid growth of the first ear, and the highest yield per single plant and per hectare at high plant population densities in paired rows. LRS hybrids also had longer grain filling periods, lower grain moisture contents and higher harvest indices than conventional (NLNS) hybrids. Rapid growth of the first ear and a higher harvest index are indications that LRS hybrids should be more tolerant of higher population densities than currently available hybrids. Therefore, LRS hybrids show promise for production in short-season areas at high plant population densities where maize cultivation is not currently economical due to shortness of the growing-season.

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Rémillard, Michel. "Effect of hybrids, plant populations, rates of fertilizer and irrigation on soil test levels, field and nutrient uptake with corn (Zea mays L.) in Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61270.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, plant population, rates of fertilization and irrigation in 1984 and 1985 on soil test levels, soil pH, yield and yield components as well as nutrient uptake.<br>High rates of fertilization increased soil test P and K but decreased soil test Ca and Mg and soil pH. Irrigation decreased soil test K, Ca and Mg. In both years maximum grain yields (at 15.5% moisture) were obtained when all factors were at high levels. Hybrid Pioneer 3925 and and hybrid CO-OP 2645 produced a maximum yield of 11.9 and 15.2 Mg ha$ sp{-1}$ in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Increasing plant population alone increased grain yield from 9.6 to 10.4 Mg ha$ sp{-1}$ in 1984, bu increases in grain yield with high plant population in 1985 could only be obtained when high rate of nutrients and supplemental irrigation were applied.<br>Nutrient uptake was usually greater for hybrid 2645 than hybrid 3925 in 1985, and greater for hybrid 3925 than for hybrid 3949 in 1984. Increasing plant population, rate of fertilization as well as available soil moisture generally brought about greater nutrient uptake. Ear leaf nutrient concentration at silking time was influenced by these factors but the differences obtained were not agronomically significant.

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Zhou, Yang. "Predictive energy management for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA020.

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Les véhicules électriques hybrides à pile à combustible ont été largement considérés comme la substitution prometteuse par rapport aux véhicules traditionnels à moteur à combustion interne. Pour réduire les coûts d'exploitation des véhicules, une solution pratique au stade actuel consiste à utiliser efficacement et sainement les systèmes de propulsion hybrides. Une telle tâche peut être remplie via des stratégies de gestion d'énergie fiables, qui coordonnent les sorties de plusieurs sources d'énergie pour satisfaire la demande de puissance des véhicules.Dans un tel contexte, cette thèse vise à concevoir des stratégies de gestion intelligente de l'énergie pour les véhicules électriques hybrides à pile à combustible. Par rapport aux stratégies de contrôle existantes, cette thèse se concentre particulièrement sur la possibilité de combiner les informations de conduite prévues avec le cadre de contrôle optimal en temps réel. Plusieurs techniques de prédiction de conduite sont développées pour estimer les conditions de conduite à venir, comme la vitesse du véhicule, la référence de l’état de charge de la batterie et les informations sur le modèle de conduite. Ensuite, la model predictive control est sélectionnée pour la prise de décision en temps réel, car elle est capable de gérer les systèmes contraints variant dans le temps et est pratique pour l'intégration des informations prédictives de pilotage. Sur la base des résultats prévus et model predictive control, plusieurs stratégies de gestion prédictive de l'énergie sont établies, visant à économiser la consommation d'hydrogène et à améliorer la durabilité des piles à combustible par rapport aux stratégies de référence.La simulation hors ligne et les tests logiciels en boucle ont vérifié la fonctionnalité et l'adéquation en temps réel des stratégies proposées<br>Fuel cell electric vehicles have been widely deemed as the promising substitution against traditional internal combustion engine-based vehicles. To reduce the vehicular operating costs, a practical solution at current stage is to efficiently and healthily use the hybrid propulsion systems. Such task can be fulfilled via reliable energy management strategies, which coordinate the outputs of multiple energy sources to satisfy the vehicular power request.In such context, this PhD thesis intends to devise intelligent energy management strategies for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. Compared to existing control strategies, this thesis especially focuses on the possibility of combining the forecasted driving information with the real-time optimal control framework. Several driving prediction techniques are developed to estimate the upcoming driving conditions, like the vehicle’s speed, battery state-of-charge reference and driving pattern information. Thereafter, model predictive control is selected for real-time decision-making, since it is capable of handling the time-varying constrained systems and is convenient for the integration of driving predictive information. Based on the forecasted results and model predictive control, several predictive energy management strategies are established, aiming at saving hydrogen consumption and enhancing fuel cell durability versus benchmark strategies.Both offline simulation and software-in-the-loop testing have verified the functionality and real-time suitability of the proposed strategies

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Books on the topic "Full Hybrids"

1

1957-, Gao Yimin, and Emadi Ali, eds. Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles: Fundamentals, theory, and design. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2010.

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Halderman, James D. Hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008.

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1962-, Martin Tony, ed. Hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles. Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009.

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National Energy Technology Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Hybrid fuel cell: Technology overview. U.S. Dept. of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 2001.

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1962-, Martin Tony, ed. Hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 2011.

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1962-, Martin Tony, ed. Hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, 2013.

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Jurgen, Ronald K., ed. Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles - Fuel Cell Hybrid EVs. SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/pt-143/5.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Future Transportation Technology Conference (1999 : Costa Mesa, Calif.), eds. Electric and hybrid vehicles and fuel cell technology. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1999.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and Future Transportation Technology Conference and Exposition (1993 : San Antonio, Tex.), eds. Electric vehicle power systems: Hybrids, batteries, fuel cells. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1993.

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Narducci, Dario, Peter Bermel, Bruno Lorenzi, Ning Wang, and Kazuaki Yazawa. Hybrid and Fully Thermoelectric Solar Harvesting. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76427-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Full Hybrids"

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Willemsen, Peter, Feng Ji, and Marc Nalbach. "Key Items for Future Hybrid Applications: Energy Storage and Power Electronics for Micro Hybrids up to Full Hybrids and EVs." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33777-2_28.

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Sanchez, Rene, Roberto Horowitz, Masayoshi Tomizuka, and Slobodan N. Simić. "Full Paper Sheet Control Using Hybrid Automata." In Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24743-2_35.

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Al-Hallaj, Said, and Kristofer Kiszynski. "Hydrogen Production, Storage and Fuel Cells." In Hybrid Hydrogen Systems. Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-467-0_3.

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Feroldi, Diego. "Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems." In PEM Fuel Cells with Bio-Ethanol Processor Systems. Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-184-4_7.

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de la Garza, Linda, Goojin Jeong, Paul A. Liddell, et al. "Hybrid Photoelectrochemical-Fuel Cell." In Nanotechnology and the Environment. American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0890.ch049.

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Chen, Weirong, Qi Li, and Chaohua Dai. "Fuel-Battery Hybrid Locomotives." In Key Technologies on New Energy Vehicles. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8445-5_6.

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Ince, Alper Can, Can Ozgur Colpan, and Mustafa Fazıl Serincan. "Power-to-fuel." In Hybrid Power Cycle Arrangements for Lower Emissions. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003213741-13.

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Arijit, Abhishek, Dilip Kumar Pratihar, and Rathindranath Maiti. "Study on Inverse Dynamics of Full-Body Powered Pseudo-Anthropomorphic Exoskeleton Using Neural Networks." In Hybrid Intelligent Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27221-4_25.

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Kumar, Vivek, Abhiprayah Tiwari, and Gaurav Mitra. "HetroOMP: OpenMP for Hybrid Load Balancing Across Heterogeneous Processors." In OpenMP: Conquering the Full Hardware Spectrum. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28596-8_5.

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Sugandha, Chauhan, and Sharma Tripti. "Low Power 14T Hybrid Full Adder Cell." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3156-4_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Full Hybrids"

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Li, Yueqin, Zeqiang Ning, Mengyao Zhang, et al. "Full-Angle Digital Predistortion Linearization For Fully-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Massive MIMO Transmitters." In GLOBECOM 2024 - 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901235.

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Yoo, Seunghyup, Palanisamy Rajakannu, Woochan Lee, Jee Hoon Sim, and Hyeonwook Chae. "Unlocking the full potential of OLEDs for biomedical applications." In Organic and Hybrid Light Emitting Materials and Devices XXVIII, edited by Tae-Woo Lee, Franky So, and Ji-Seon Kim. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3028483.

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LaBerge, Kelsen, Robert Handschuh, Gary Roberts, and Scott Thorp. "Performance Investigation of a Full-Scale Hybrid Composite Bull Gear." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11520.

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Hybrid composite gears have been investigated as a weight saving technology for rotorcraft transmissions. These gears differ from conventional steel gears in that the structural material between the shaft interface and the gear rim is replaced with a lightweight carbon fiber composite. The work discussed here is an extension of previous coupon level hybrid gear tests to a full-scale bull gear. The NASA Glenn Research Center High-Speed Helical Gear Rig was modified for this program, allowing several hybrid gear web configurations to be tested while utilizing the same gear rim. Testing was performed on both a baseline (steel) web configuration and a hybrid (steel-composite) configuration. Vibration, orbit and temperature data were recorded and compared between configurations. Vibration levels did not differ greatly between the hybrid and steel configurations, nor did temperature differential between inlet and outlet. While orbit shape displayed differences between the hybrid and baseline configurations, the general overall amplitude was comparable. The hybrid configuration discussed here successfully ran at 3300 hp (2,460 kW), however, progressive growth of the orbit while running at this test condition discontinued the test. Further studies are planned to determine the cause of this behavior.

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Jadhav, Vaibhav V., and Prasad B. Warule. "Comparative Analysis of P2 and P3 HEV Architectures for Different Vehicle Segments." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0284.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Climate change due to global warming calls for more fuel-efficient technologies. Parallel Full hybrids are one of the promising technologies to curb the climate change by reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions significantly. Different parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) architectures such as P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 are adopted based on different parameters like fuel economy, drivability, performance, packaging, comfort and total cost of ownership of the vehicle. It is a great challenge to select right hybrid architecture for different vehicle segments.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper compares P2 and P3 HEV with AMT transmission to evaluate most optimized architecture based on vehicle segment. Vehicles selected for study are from popular vehicle segments in India with AMT transmission i.e. Entry segment hatch and Compact SUV. HEV P2 and P3 architectures are simulated and studied with different vehicle segments for fuel economy, performance, drivability and TCO. The analyzed simulation results reveal similar fuel economy benefits for P2 and P3 HEV architectures. P3 hybrid offers better performance compared to P2 hybrid due to torque fill during gearshift and less power loss from motor to wheel. In addition, additional benefits in P3 like torque fill during gearshift enhances drivability of the vehicle. P2 hybrid has advantage of low cost over P3 hybrid. P3 hybrid requires mandatory extra P0 machine for engine auto start that makes it costly compared to P2 hybrid. In addition, P3 hybrid motor size is bigger compared to P2 hybrid motor due to lack of gear advantage that makes P3 hybrid more costly.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Finally, after analyzing the simulation results and considering the cost impact of HEV architectures, the paper concludes that P2 hybrids are most suitable for entry segment hatch due to low cost benefits and P3 hybrids are preferred for compact SUV segment where customer demands performance and drivability.</div></div>

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Deweerdt, Thomas, and Gene Liao. "How Hybrids Fit in Today’s Fight: Hybridization of Military Vehicles for Silent Operation and Improved Efficiency." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3180.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>This paper will discuss via case study both military and civilian hybrid vehicle development focusing on the processes required from the selection of the hybrid propulsion system architecture, component down-selection using advanced modeling and simulation tools, body/chassis development and integration, design verification testing using an advanced dynamometer test facility, and final full vehicle validation on the test track. The paper will incorporate results from the FED (Fuel Efficiency Demonstrator) program where AVL is responsible in collaboration with World Technical Services Inc., for delivering a fully developed hybrid propulsion system integrated into the demonstrator vehicle.</p>

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Wahby, Mostafa, Julian Petzold, and Heiko Hamann. "A Concept of Full Plant Morphology Modeling for Robot-Plant Bio-Hybrids." In The 2021 Conference on Artificial Life. MIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00445.

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Bitsanis, Evangelos, Stijn Broekaert, Alessandro Tansini, Dimitrios Savvidis, and Georgios Fontaras. "Experimental Evaluation of VECTO Hybrid Electric Truck Simulations." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0485.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In European Union (EU), new heavy-duty vehicles are simulated with the Vehicle Energy Consumption calculation TOol (VECTO) to certify their fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. VECTO will also be used to certify vehicles with hybrid-electric powertrains in all topological configurations from P0 to P4 parallel systems and series hybrids. A development version of VECTO able to simulate these configurations is already available and was used for this study.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The study team collected measurement data from a specific P2 hybrid lorry, instrumented with wheel torque sensors, current and voltage sensors, fuel flow sensor and a PEMS device. The vehicle was tested on the chassis dyno and on the road, and a representative model was created in VECTO.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The regional delivery certification cycle was simulated in VECTO in charge sustaining and full electric mode. The results show that the development version of VECTO is able to predict the fuel consumption of the vehicle under test in charge sustaining mode with a maximum error of 6.5% and the electrical energy consumption in full electric mode with an error of 2.5%. The VECTO Hybrid Controller was evaluated by comparing the measured and simulated decisions on utilising the available power sources (fuel/stored electric energy), regenerative braking, and gear shifting. Validation simulations with gear input were run for the regional delivery, showing significant improvements for the predicted fuel and electrical energy consumption error down to 2.5% and 1.5% respectively.</div></div>

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Taylor, Wayne T. "FUEL CONSUMPTION TEST PROCEDURES FOR MILITARY WHEELED HYBRID VEHICLES." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3285.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Economy Methodology Study was conducted by the Automotive Instrumentation Division, US Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC), Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland, from June 2006 through August 2009. The program objectives were to develop a test protocol that can be used to evaluate the fuel consumption characteristics of a hybrid electric vehicle regardless of weight class, battery chemistry, and/or driveline configuration, and to characterize the performance of currently developed hybrid vehicles and tactical wheeled vehicle prototypes with regard to fuel consumption and energy usage. Eleven hybrids and eight conventional vehicles were provided for the methodology study. Fuel consumption tests were conducted on a wide spectrum of terrains ranging from level paved road surfaces to hilly cross country secondary road surfaces. Test vehicles were operated over the full range of speed capabilities on each of the terrain scenarios. Results for ground-up or conversion hybrid vehicle designs were compared to conventional vehicles of similar test weight or of the original chassis design in the case of conventional vehicles converted to hybrid propulsion. In accordance with a Design of Experiment (DOE) established by US Army Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), individual test trials were conducted with conventional and hybrid comparison vehicles in a leader-follower arrangement. Electrical energy storage system State of Charge (SOC) correction methods were evaluated and established to present hybrid vehicle fuel economy and consumption by correcting fuel measurements to a ΔSOC=ZERO fuel economy. Candidate vehicles were also characterized for power loss, weight distribution, center of gravity, and selected automotive performance capabilities.</p>

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Clapco, Clapco Steliana, Aliona Cucereavii, Ion Gisca, and Maria Duca. "Studiul unor trăsături asociate cu productivitatea la hibrizi experimentali de floarea-soarelui." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.52.

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The relationships between seed yield and some morpho-physiological parameters, such as plant height, head diameter, leaf number, number and weight of total and full seeds per head and 1000 seeds in 32 local hybrids has been studied. The analyses of Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant, but low, positive correlations between yield and number of full seeds per calatidium, weight of total seeds per calatidium, weight of 1000 seeds and hectolitre weight. There were also observed positive correla-tions between plant height and number of leaves.

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Chen, Hao, Chen Yang, Nana Zhou, Nor Farida Harun, and David Tucker. "Performance Comparison of Internal and External Reforming for Hybrid SOFC-GT Applications by Using 1D Real-Time Fuel Cell Mode." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91920.

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Abstract Solid oxide fuel cells integrated with gas turbine (SOFC-GT) systems are considered among the most promising power generation units, not only because of the high efficiency, low emissions and carbon capture ability, but also the flexibility to use different kinds of fuels such as natural gas, syngas and biogas directly. In the case of natural gas, Previous researches have demonstrated that solid oxide fuel cells possess the ability to utilize natural gas directly by reforming it inside the anode because of the high operating temperature. But the major problem of internal reforming is that it increases the temperature gradient at the leading edge of fuel cell which may lead to high thermal stress and damage the cells. On the other side, external reforming requires an additional reformer outside of fuel cell, which may increase the investment costs. Also, the amount of air needed to cool the fuel cell is doubled, compared with internal reforming. A full comparison between internal reforming and external reforming of the pressurized SOFC is needed for the hybrids application. In this paper, a real time equilibrium reformer model based on minimization of Gibbs free energy was built to couple with 1D real time solid oxide fuel cell model. An internal on-anode reforming SOFC stack configuration for hybrid SOFC-GT system application was compared with external reforming configurations with 800K, 900K and 1000K reforming temperatures. The results show that internal reforming provides better performance of SOFC stack in the case of high fuel utilization. However, the external reforming showed a higher stack efficiency and smaller stack size compared with on-anode reforming when keeping a relatively lower SOFC stack fuel utilization, necessarily for high hybrid efficiency. Results indicated that external and internal reforming of fuel needs to be optimized depending on different design conditions of the entire hybrid system in terms of efficiency and investment cost. This paper shows that the hybrid system provides the opportunities for thermal integration on performance and efficiency improvement over fuel cell anode reforming.

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Reports on the topic "Full Hybrids"

1

Blum, Abraham, Henry T. Nguyen, and N. Y. Klueva. The Genetics of Heat Shock Proteins in Wheat in Relation to Heat Tolerance and Yield. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568105.bard.

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Fifty six diverse spring wheat cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and heritability for thermotolerance in terms of cell-membrane stability (CMS) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The most divergent cultivars for thermotolerance (Danbata-tolerant and Nacozari-susceptible) were crossed to develop an F8 random onbred line (RIL) population. This population was evaluated for co-segragation in CMS, yield under heat stress and HSP accumulation. Further studies of thermotolerance in relations to HSP and the expression of heterosis for growth under heat stress were performed with F1 hybrids of wheat and their parental cultivars. CMS in 95 RILs ranged from 76.5% to 22.4% with 71.5% and 31.3% in Danbata and Nacozari, respectively. The population segregated with a normal distribution across the full range of the parental values. Yield and biomass under non-stress conditions during the normal winter season at Bet Dagan dit not differ between the two parental cultivar, but the range of segregation for these traits in 138 RILs was very high and distinctly transgressive with a CV of 35.3% and 42.4% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. Mean biomass and yield of the population was reduced about twofold when grown under the hot summer conditions (irrigated) at Bet Dagan. Segregation for biomass and yield was decreased relative to the normal winter conditions with CV of 20.2% and 23.3% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. However, contrary to non-stress conditions, the parental cultivars differed about twofold in biomass and yield under heat stress and the population segregated with normal distribution across the full range of this difference. CMS was highly and positively correlated across 79 RILs with biomass (r=0.62**) and yield (r=0.58**) under heat stress. No such correlation was obtained under the normal winter conditions. All RILs expressed a set of HSPs under heat shock (37oC for 2 h). No variation was detected among RILs in high molecular weight HSP isoforms and they were similar to the patterns of the parental cultivars. There was a surprisingly low variability in low molecular weight HSP isoforms. Only one low molecular weight and Nacozari-specific HSP isoform (belonging to HSP 16.9 family) appeared to segregate among all RILs, but it was not quantitatively correlated with any parameter of plant production under heat stress or with CMS in this population. It is concluded that this Danbata/Nacozari F8 RIL population co-segregated well for thermotolerance and yield under heat stress and that CMS could predict the relative productivity of lines under chronic heat stress. Regretfully this population did not express meaningful variability for HSP accumulation under heat shock and therefore no role could be seen for HSP in the heat tolerance of this population. In the study of seven F1 hybrids and their parent cultivars it was found that heterosis (superiority of the F1 over the best parent) for CMs was generally lower than that for growth under heat stress. Hybrids varied in the rate of heterosis for growth at normal (15o/25o) and at high (25o/35o) temperatures. In certain hybrids heterosis for growth significantly increased at high temperature as compared with normal temperature, suggesting temperature-dependent heterosis. Generally, under normal temperature, only limited qualitative variation was detected in the patterns of protein synthesis in four wheat hybrids and their parents. However, a singular protein (C47/5.88) was specifically expressed only in the most heterotic hybrid at normal temperature but not in its parent cultivars. Parental cultivars were significantly different in the sets of synthesized HSP at 37o. No qualitative changes in the patterns of protein expression under heat stress were correlated with heterosis. However, a quantitative increase in certain low molecular weight HSP (mainly H14/5.5 and H14.5.6, belonging to the HSP16.9 family) was positively associated with greater heterosis for growth at high temperature. None of these proteins were correlated with CMS across hybrids. These results support the concept of temperature-dependent heterosis for growth and a possible role for HSP 16.9 family in this respect. Finally, when all experiments are viewed together, it is encouraging to find that genetic variation in wheat yield under chronic heat stress is associated with and well predicted by CMS as an assay of thermotolerance. On the other hand the results for HSP are elusive. While very low genetic variation was expressed for HSP in the RIL population, a unique low molecular weight HSP (of the HSP 16.9 family) could be associated with temperature dependant heterosis for growth.

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Budinich, Valeria. Building Hybrid Value Chains TM. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006776.

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This presentation deals with the Full Economic Citizenship Initiative made by Ashoka, a global association of the world's leading social entrepreneurs. It presents the organization -men and women with system changing solutions for the world's most urgent social problems, it features a case in Mexico on irrigation and small farmers and finally it lists a series of challenges to take up.

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Lennert, Phillip J. Full Integration: A Look at Hybrid Divisions. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326813.

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None available. Hybrid Fuel Cell Technology Overview. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/787725.

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Bajwa, Abdullah, Tim Kroeger, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-17201-R04 Residual Gas Fraction Estimation Based on Measured Engine Parameters - Phase IV. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012176.

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Based on experimental characterization of the scavenging behavior of a cross-scavenged, piston-aspirated, two-stroke, natural gas engine in phase III of the current project, a computationally inexpensive simple scavenging model was improved in this phase. Experimental results using fast nondispersive infrared (NDIR) CO2 measurements from the cylinder and the exhaust, as well as experiments using unburned fuel pre-mixed in the scavenging chamber as a tracer for short-circuiting during scavenging, were used in this phase to validate the improved model. The model represents the fundamental phenomenological characteristics revealed by those experiments. The experiments and literature show that scavenging takes place by the following phenomena: blowdown, displacement of residuals by incoming air, mixing of residuals and air, and short-circuiting of fresh air. To reflect this, the improved hybrid model features the following: isentropic blowdown, non-isothermal perfect displacement, non-isothermal perfect mixing, and a concurrent direct short-circuiting of air (unmixed with residuals). The validated improved hybrid model rectified the primary shortcoming of the phase III model. By adding the discrete short-circuiting zone, trapped mass could be modeled at both medium and high crankshaft speeds, whereas the phase III model could not capture the full scope of scavenging inefficiencies at medium speed using its perfect mixing stage alone. Furthermore, using the hybrid model to predict NOx using an exponential NO and shy;x-TER curve fit revealed that the improved phase IV hybrid model predicts NOx approximately as well as the experimentally-calculated TER from the phase III experiments. Additionally, GT-Power, a 1D fluid dynamics and engine simulation software, was used to identify whether hybrid model tuning could be aided by relatively inexpensive 1D simulation rather than CFD or fast NDIR experiments. Using three-pressure analysis (with in-cylinder, exhaust, and scavenging chamber pressures as boundary conditions) and scavenging profiles derived from the hybrid model itself, GT-Power was shown to be a plausible tool for scavenging model tuning.

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Bennion, K., and M. Thornton. Fuel Savings from Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/950138.

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Muelaner, Jody E. The Role of Hybrid Vehicles in a Net-zero Transport System. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2024021.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">As the world looks to net-zero emissions goals, hybrid electric vehicles may play an increasingly important role. For passenger electric vehicles (EVs) that predominantly make short journeys but occasionally need to make longer trips, electrofuel range extension may be more cost effective than either hydrogen or rapid charging. Micro gas turbines and catalytic combustion show significant potential to deliver low-cost, low-maintenance, lightweight engines with virtually no emissions, and hydrocarbon consuming solid oxide fuel cells show even greater potential in these areas. Aditioanlly, sodium-ion batteries for EVs, dispatachable vehicle-to-grid power and buffering, and variable intermittent renewable energy could also play key roles.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>The Role of Hybrid Vehicles in a Net-zero Transport System</b> explores the costs, considerations, and challenges facing these technologies.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>

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DeCandis, Andrew. Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Electric Hybrid Truck Demonstration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1496037.

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Frame, Edwin A., Joe Redfield, Glenn Wendel, Vikram Iyengar, Jack Harris, and Walter Olson. M1078 Hybrid Hydraulic Vehicle Fuel Economy Evaluation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579702.

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Bibber, Karl van. Improved Hybrid Modeling of Spent Fuel Storage Facilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1430199.

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