Journal articles: 'Full metal design'

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Kumar, Santosh, Lokendra Singh, Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, and Nan-Kuang Chen. "Design of Full-Adder and Full-Subtractor Using Metal-Insulator-Metal Plasmonic Waveguides." Plasmonics 12, no. 4 (August 18, 2016): 987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0350-y.

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Aziz, Rao Shahid, Ashwini K. Arya, and Seong-Ook Park. "Multiband Full-Metal-Rimmed Antenna Design for Smartphones." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15 (2016): 1987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2016.2548018.

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Mynors, Diane J., Martin English, and Michael Castellucci. "Roll Forming: Reusable Design and Quantifiable Design Effectiveness." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.245.

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The cold rolled forming process passes flat sheet metal through a series of roll tool sets resulting in complex final section profiles. The sheet metal is deformed both while in contact with the rolls and while in between the roll. Some of the variables in this process include the roll tool set and hence progression design and the designer; the metal type and its thickness; and the sectional profile and the associated tolerances required by the customer. When a customer orders a new profile the roll tool and hence system designers’, start by trying to determine if something similar has previously been rolled. If a similar profile can be identified then that becomes the starting point for the new process design which includes the roll tool sets and the number of sets. Typically previous designs have been identified from the collective design office memory or by searching through past drawings until something similar is found. When a previous similar rolled section is identified; unless the design is very recent it is often impossible to gauge a measure of design and hence rolling success. This paper describes how the authors have developed and implemented within the Hadley Group a searchable database of previously rolled profiles, thus enabling all similar profiles to be identified. In addition, the paper contains a description of how a measure of tooling design effectiveness has been developed and is used as part of the full design, pre-production rolling, and full production rolling process with the results being incorporated into the database, hence enabling an informed selection of the design starting point.

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Govender, Gonasagren, Heinrich Möller, and Ulyate Andries Curle. "Alloy Design for Semi Solid Metal Forming." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.136.

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Semi-solid metal forming is more than 40 years old but its full potential to near net shape form high strength aluminium alloys has been realised only to a limited degree. Alloys developed for traditional manufacturing processes were initially used but it became apparent that alloys specific to SSM forming needed to be developed. The main alloy development criteria revolved around SSM processing temperature, solid fraction (fs) versus temperature sensitivity and age hardening potential. This methodology while sound does not fully address the unique processing behaviour of SSM forming. By its very nature SSM requires the controlled solidification of a part of the melt before forming. From basic solidification fundamentals this results in the enrichment of the remaining liquid with alloying elements. During the forming process segregation of liquid phase essentially produces a component with very different compositions in the regions where the liquid solidifies last. From recent work completed on a wide range of standard alloy systems it has become apparent that this segregation effect has a significant impact on aging behaviour and strength. Low melting point structures formed in the these regions result in localised melting in the grain boundary region and along areas of gross liquid segregation during solution heat treatment, contributing to the poor mechanical properties. Although this behaviour can be addressed using modified heat treatment, this cannot be applied to all current alloy systems. Alloy design for SSM forming must take these phenomena into account in order to develop and or specify aluminium alloys with acceptable mechanical properties.

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Wang, Hansen, Yayuan Liu, Yuzhang Li, and Yi Cui. "Lithium Metal Anode Materials Design: Interphase and Host." Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2, no. 4 (October 12, 2019): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00054-2.

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Abstract Li metal is the ultimate anode choice due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest electrode potential, but it is far from practical applications with its poor cycle lifetime. Recent research progresses show that materials designs of interphase and host structures for Li metal are two effective ways addressing the key issues of Li metal anodes. Despite the exciting improvement on Li metal cycling capability, problems still exist with these methodologies, such as the deficient long-time cycling stability of interphase materials and the accelerated Li corrosion for high surface area three-dimensional composite Li anodes. As a result, Coulombic efficiency of Li metal is still not sufficient for full-cell cycling. In the near future, an interphase protected three-dimensional composite Li metal anode, combined with high performance novel electrolytes might be the ultimate solution. Besides, nanoscale characterization technologies are also vital for guiding future Li metal anode designs. Graphic Abstract

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Mønness, E. "Data Transformations with a Full 26Experimental Design—A Metal-Cutting Case Study." Quality Engineering 24, no. 1 (January 2012): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2011.616150.

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Molero, Carlos, and Maria Garcia-Vigueras. "Circuit Modeling of 3-D Cells to Design Versatile Full-Metal Polarizers." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 67, no. 4 (April 2019): 1357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2019.2898828.

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Hajare, Raju, and C. Lakshminarayana. "Design and software characterization of finFET based full adders." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v8.i1.pp51-60.

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Adder is the most important arithmetic block that are used in all processors. Most of the logical circuits till today were designed using Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET’s). In order to reduce chip area, leakage power and to increase switching speed, MOSFET’s were continuously scaled down. Further scaling below 45nm, MOSFET’s suffers from Short Channel Effects (SCE’s) which leads to degraded performance of the device. Here the Performance of 28T and 16T MOSFET based 1-bit full adder cell is characterized and compared with FinFET based 28T and 16T 1-bit full adders at various technology nodes using HSPICE software. Results show that FinFET based full adder design gives better performance in terms of speed, power and reliability compared to MOSFET based full adder designs. Hence FinFET are promising candidates and better replacement for MOSFET.

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Devan, K., Abhitab Bachchan, A. Riyas, T. Sathiyasheela, P. Mohanakrishnan, and S. C. Chetal. "Physics design of experimental metal fuelled fast reactor cores for full scale demonstration." Nuclear Engineering and Design 241, no. 8 (August 2011): 3058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.05.016.

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Wu, Zheqiang, Hao Wang, Peng Chen, Wenhui Shen, and Guangli Yang. "A COMPACT GPS/WLAN ANTENNA DESIGN FOR MOBILE TERMINAL WITH FULL METAL HOUSING." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 64 (2016): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc16040804.

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Park, Ye Suel, Saemi Park, Joong Seong Lee, and Gyung Min Choi. "Effect of Variation of Fuel Composition on Gas Turbine Off-Design Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.194.

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The effects of fuel composition is investigated in a gas turbine for natural gas. Fuel composition is divided H/C ratio and heating value. There are three control schemes for gas turbine. In this study, TIT control and TET control is adopted. A full off-design analysis of the gas turbine was performed. Performance characteristics and maximum turbine blade temperature are the main interests. The power output is decreased while heating value of fuel is increased and H/C ratio of fuel is decreased both control scheme. As heating value of natural gas decreased and H/C ratio of fuel increased, turbine blade temperature is increased in TIT control. Otherwise, Blade metal temperature is little influenced by H/C ratio of fuel in TET control scheme.

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Ratoi-Salagean, M., H. Spikes, and R. Hoogendoorn. "The design of lubricious oil-in-water emulsions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 211, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650971542426.

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Oil-in-water emulsions, as used in metal working and fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, often show poor lubricating performance and one reason for this is their inability to form effective elastohydrodynamic films. This paper considers how the composition of an oil-in-water emulsion contributes to its lubricating properties. A key factor in oil-in-water emulsion performance lies in the ability of the dispersed oil droplets to wet polar metal surfaces and thus promote full elastohydrodynamic lubrication, without starvation, up to high speeds. In this paper it is shown how this ability can be quantified in terms of measurable surface chemical parameters. Based on this work, three rules for designing lubricious oil-in-water emulsions are proposed. Where possible (a) the emulsifier concentration used should be just below its critical micelle concentration value, (b) the base oil should be polar and (c) the base oil should be viscous. The first two of these factors will promote oil-phase surface wetting while the third will ensure thick-film formation in the full elastohydrodynamic regime.

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Et.al, M. Naga Gowtham. "Performance Analysis of a Low Power High Speed Hybrid Full Adder Circuit and Full Subtractor Circuit." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 3037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1338.

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In this paper, a hybrid 1-bit adder and 1-bit Subtractor designs are implemented. The hybrid adder circuit is constructed using CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) logic along with pass transistor logic. The design can be extended 16 and 32 bits lately. The proposed full adder circuit is compared with the existing conventional adders in terms of power, delay and area in order to obtain a better circuit that serves the present day needs of people. The existing 1-bit hybrid adder uses EXNOR logic combined with the transmission gate logic. For a supply voltage of 1.8V the average power consumption (4.1563 µW) which is extremely low with moderately low delay (224 ps) resulting because of the deliberate incorporation of very weak CMOS inverters coupled with strong transmission gates. At 1.2V supply the power and delay were recorded to be 1.17664 µW and 91.3 ps. The design was implemented using 1-bit which can also be extended into a 32-bit design later. The designed implementation offers a better performance in terms of power and speed compared to the existing full adder design styles. The circuits were implemented in DSCH2 and Microwind tools respectively. The parameters such as power, delay, layout area and speed of the proposed circuit design is compared with pass transistor logic, adiabatic logic, transmission gate adder and so on. The circuit is also designed with a decrease in transistors in order to get the better results. Full Subtractor, a combinational digital circuit which performs 1-bit subtraction with borrow in is designed as a part of this project. The main aim behind this part of the project is to design a 1-bit full Subtractor using CMOS technology with reduced number of transistors and hence the efficiency in terms of area, power and speed have been calculated is designed using 8,10,15and 16 transistors. The parameters were calculated in each case and the results have been tabulated.

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K Jeevitha, K Hari Kishore, E Raghuveera, Shaik Razia, M. Naga Gowtham, P. S. Hari Krishna Reddy,. "Performance Analysis of a Low Power High Speed Hybrid Full Adder Circuit and Full Subtractor Circuit." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 5 (April 11, 2021): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.734.

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In this paper, a hybrid 1-bit adder and 1-bit Subtractor designs are implemented. The hybrid adder circuit is constructed using CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) logic along with pass transistor logic. The design can be extended 16 and 32 bits lately. The proposed full adder circuit is compared with the existing conventional adders in terms of power, delay and area in order to obtain a better circuit that serves the present day needs of people. The existing 1-bit hybrid adder uses EXNOR logic combined with the transmission gate logic. For a supply voltage of 1.8V the average power consumption (4.1563 µW) which is extremely low with moderately low delay (224 ps) resulting because of the deliberate incorporation of very weak CMOS inverters coupled with strong transmission gates. At 1.2V supply the power and delay were recorded to be 1.17664 µW and 91.3 ps. The design was implemented using 1-bit which can also be extended into a 32-bit design later. The designed implementation offers a better performance in terms of power and speed compared to the existing full adder design styles. The circuits were implemented in DSCH2 and Microwind tools respectively. The parameters such as power, delay, layout area and speed of the proposed circuit design is compared with pass transistor logic, adiabatic logic, transmission gate adder and so on. The circuit is also designed with a decrease in transistors in order to get the better results. Full Subtractor, a combinational digital circuit which performs 1-bit subtraction with borrow in is designed as a part of this project. The main aim behind this part of the project is to design a 1-bit full Subtractor using CMOS technology with reduced number of transistors and hence the efficiency in terms of area, power and speed have been calculated is designed using 8,10,15and 16 transistors. The parameters were calculated in each case and the results have been tabulated.

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Chien, Hung-Chun. "Full-Phase Operation Transresistance-Mode Precision Full-Wave Rectifier Designs Using Single Operational Transresistance Amplifier." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1584724.

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This study proposed the designs of two full-phase operation transresistance-mode (TRM) precision full-wave rectifiers. The first circuit consisted of a single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA), four diodes, and a resistor. The second scheme was an OTRA combined with a full metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor-based design, which is preferable for integrated circuit implementation because no passive components are used in the circuit topology. Based on our literature review, this is the first study that discussed a full-phase operation transresistance-mode precision full-wave rectifier consisting of a single OTRA and few passive components. In this paper, several previously reported precision full-wave rectifiers consisting of various active devices are first reviewed followed by the proposed OTRA-based transresistance-mode precision full-wave rectifiers and an analysis of nonideal effects. Furthermore, computer simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed circuits, which were consistent with the theoretical predictions.

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Liu, Yang, Zhanghua Lian, Changsong Deng, Qiang Zhang, and Yisheng Mu. "Design and experimental study on full-metal sealing structure of mandrel-type casing hanger." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 5 (May 2019): 168781401984625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019846258.

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Agnihotri, Ila, and Satish K. Sharma. "Design of a 3D Metal Printed Axial Corrugated Horn Antenna Covering Full Ka-Band." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 19, no. 4 (April 2020): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2020.2967996.

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Yan, Kuixi, Peng Yang, Feng Yang, and Shao Ying Huang. "Antenna design for a smartphone with a full metal casing and a narrow frame." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 12, no. 8 (March 23, 2018): 1316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2017.1043.

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Jain, Prateek, and Amit Joshi. "Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier with CMOS Pass Transistors Configuration." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 06 (February 22, 2018): 1850092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618500925.

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An effortless, more efficient full-wave bridge rectifier is introduced with minimum distortion. Efficient and exploratory combinations of CMOS logic are not only utilized to design full-wave bridge rectifier, but also as pass transistors configurations at the input. The particular CMOS logic (used to design core rectifier circuit) is a collective form of SDG-NMOS and SGS-PMOS. SDG-NMOS refers to a shorted drain gate n-channel metal oxide semiconductor. SGS-PMOS refers to shorted gate to source p-channel metal oxide semiconductor. Due to the utilization of renovated MOS configuration after the replacement of the diode, the efficiency of the full-wave bridge rectifier is increased up to 11% compared to p-n junction diode based full wave bridge rectifier. The proposed full wave bridge rectifier is a comparably low power circuit. The proposed CMOS based full-wave bridge rectifier is optimized at 45-nm CMOS technology. Cadence experimental simulation and implementations of the leakage power and efficiency demonstrate better consistency through the proposed circuit.

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Dong, Tie Xin. "Metal Coat of Modern Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1379.

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There has been a long history of applying metal to architecture. At the beginning, they just appeared in the structure of bridges, factories and storages, and then gradually turned up as a form of building structural materials in civil architecture such as markets, schools and office buildings. So all the time, metal like steel structure or hardware impresses people as a kind of industrialized building materials. With the development of architectural technology and the researching of characteristics of building materials, metal material has been brought in building skin design with brand-new appearance, and coruscate new vitality in the field of architectural design depending on full of variety of expressions and economic environmental character.

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Maleque, M. A., M. M. Rahman, and M. S. Hossain. "Conceptual Design of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Brake Rotor System." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1648.

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Composite materials have become a popular material substitution for automotive, sports, medical, aerospace and other engineering fields due to their light-weight, high strength and/or stiffness of fibres. In this paper, a conceptual design approach has been presented to develop aluminium metal matrix composite (AMC) automotive brake rotor system. A systematic and stepby- step approach of full design is shown for better understanding of the design concept of automotive brake rotor. The methodology of conceptual stage, computer aided design (CAD) and evaluation systems are discussed for illustrating and selecting the best concept. A total of six (6) concepts for both surface rejuvenates feature and ventilated cooling fins are explained. It was found that the Concept 6 for surface rejuvenates feature and Concept 1 for ventilated cooling fins are the best combination for aluminium metal matrix composite brake rotor application.

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Yeung, Christopher, Ju-Ming Tsai, Brian King, Benjamin Pham, David Ho, Julia Liang, Mark W. Knight, and Aaswath P. Raman. "Multiplexed supercell metasurface design and optimization with tandem residual networks." Nanophotonics 10, no. 3 (January 3, 2021): 1133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0549.

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Abstract Complex nanophotonic structures hold the potential to deliver exquisitely tailored optical responses for a range of applications. Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces arranged in supercells, for instance, can be tailored by geometry and material choice to exhibit a variety of absorption properties and resonant wavelengths. With this flexibility, however, comes a vast space of design possibilities that classical design paradigms struggle to effectively navigate. To overcome this challenge, here, we demonstrate a tandem residual network approach to efficiently generate multiplexed supercells through inverse design. By using a training dataset with several thousand full-wave electromagnetic simulations in a design space of over three trillion possible designs, the deep learning model can accurately generate a wide range of complex supercell designs given a spectral target. Beyond inverse design, the presented approach can also be used to explore the structure–property relationships of broadband absorption and emission in such supercell configurations. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of high-dimensional supercell inverse design with deep neural networks, which is applicable to complex nanophotonic structures composed of multiple subunit elements that exhibit coupling.

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Scholes, S. C., A. Unsworth, J. M. Blamey, I. C. Burges, E. Jones, and N. Smith. "Design aspects of compliant, soft layer bearings for an experimental hip prosthesis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 219, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441105x9318.

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Currently, an artificial hip joint can be expected to last, on average, in excess of 15 years with failure due, in the majority of cases, to late aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. A realistic alternative to the problem of wear in conventional joints is the introduction of bearing surfaces that exhibit low wear and operate in the full fluid-film lubrication regime. Contact analyses and friction tests were performed on compliant layer joints (metal-on-polyurethane) and the design of a prototype ovine arthroplasty model was investigated. When optimized, these components have been shown to achieve full fluid-film lubrication.

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Mendonça, Claudiney, Patricia Capellato, Emin Bayraktar, Fábio Gatamorta, José Gomes, Adhimar Oliveira, Daniela Sachs, Mirian Melo, and Gilbert Silva. "Recycling Chips of Stainless Steel Using a Full Factorial Design." Metals 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2019): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080842.

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The aim of this study was to provide an experimental investigation on the novel method for recycling chips of duplex stainless steel, with the addition of vanadium carbide, in order to produce metal/carbide composites from a high-energy mechanical milling process. Powders of duplex stainless steel with the addition of vanadium carbide were prepared by high-energy mechanical ball milling utilizing a planetary ball mill. For this proposal, experiments following a full factorial design with two replicates were planned, performed, and then analyzed. The four factors investigated in this study were rotation speed, milling time, powder to ball weight ratio and carbide percentage. For each factor, the experiments were conducted into two levels so that the internal behavior among them could be statistically estimated: 250 to 350 rpm for rotation speed, 10 to 50 h for milling time, 10:1 to 22:1 for powder to ball weight ratio, and 0 to 3% carbide percentage. In order to measure and characterize particle size, we utilized the analysis of particle size and a scanning electron microscopy. The results showed with the addition of carbide in the milling process cause an average of reduction in particle size when compared with the material without carbide added. All the four factors investigated in this study presented significant influence on the milling process of duplex stainless steel chips and the reduction of particle size. The statistical analysis showed that the addition of carbide in the process is the most influential factor, followed by the milling time, rotation speed and powder to ball weight ratio. Significant interaction effects among these factors were also identified.

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Ban, Yong-Ling, Peng-Peng Li, Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim, and Xiaodong Chen. "Dual-feed full-metal-case antenna for WWAN/LTE smartphone applications." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 26, no. 7 (April 26, 2016): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.21007.

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Chan, Lydia, Islam Shyha, Dale Dryer, and John Hamilton. "Optimisation of Weld Overlay Cladding Parameters Using Full-Factorial Design of Experiment." Materials Science Forum 880 (November 2016): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.880.54.

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Weld Overlay Cladding (WOC) shares the same scientific principals as conventional welding where there are multiple governing factors that control the process and outcome. The present work employs a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to optimising process parameters for cladding a nickel superalloy onto low alloy steel with the aim to improve productivity and quality. The arc current, the clad metal heating current were identified as the key process variables for this stage of experimentation. A full-factorial 4-by-2 test was carried out to identify the optimal levels. Results showed that there is a mild positive trend between the height of individual strings of beads and both variables. However no relationship was established with the depth of penetration, nor with the height of single or double layer stacks. The optimal level of the variables was therefore chosen to be the one that has the highest productivity rate as there were no significant differences. Further experimentation has been planned and described in this paper.

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Génin, J., and R. Charachon. "Experimental Basis and Design of a New Cochlear Prosthesis System." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 96, no. 1_suppl (January 1987): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894870960s138.

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In a multichannel cochlear prosthesis, electrical interactions between electrodes impose severe limitations on dynamic range and selectivity. We present a theoretical model to cope with these limitations. Building a successful cochlear implant requires full custom-integrated circuits. We present the design of such a device, implemented in complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The area of the chip is 9 mm2 and it can stimulate 15 cochlear electrodes with current impulses.

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Blindheim, Jørgen, Christer W. Elverum, Torgeir Welo, and Martin Steinert. "Concept evaluation in new product development." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 5 (January 30, 2020): 1139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-07-2019-0170.

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Purpose This paper proposes the combination of rapid prototyping and physical modelling as a set-based concept evaluation method in the early stage of new product development. Design/methodology/approach The concept evaluation method is applied in a case study of a new metal additive manufacturing process for aluminium, where a set of four extruder concepts has been modelled and evaluated. Rapid prototyping was used to produce plastic models of the different designs, and plasticine feedstock material was used to physically model the metal flow during operation. Finally, the selected concept has been verified in full-scale for processing of aluminium feedstock material. Findings The proposed method led to several valuable insights on critical factors that were unknown at the outset of the development project. Overall, these insights enabled concept exploration and concept selection that led to a substantially better solution than the original design. Research limitations/implications This method can be applied for other projects where numerical approaches are not applicable or capable, and where the costs or time required for producing full-scale prototypes are high. Practical implications Employing this method can enable a more thorough exploration of the design space, allowing new solutions to be discovered. Originality/value The proposed method allows a design team to test and evaluate multiple concepts at lower cost and time than what is usually required to produce full-scale prototypes. It is, therefore, concluded to be a valuable design strategy for the early development stages of complex products or technologies.

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Peasura, Prachya. "Experiment Design with Full Factorial in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters on Aluminium Alloy 5083." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.183.

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This research was to study of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) welding parameters that affects to the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy AA5083 welding with GTAW. The full factorial design was experiment. The factors was study in type of polarity on alternating current (AC), direct current electrode negative (DCEN) and direct current electrode positive (DCEP), levels of welding current for 180,200,220 and 240 amp. The specimen to analyses the physical properties has microstructure and hardness of weld metal and heat affected zone. The result showed that type of welding current and levels of welding current interaction hardness at the level of confidence 95% (P-value<0.05). The factor hardness maximum of weld metal was alternating current at level of current 240 amp. and hardness of 136.53 HV. The factor hardness maximum of HAZ value was alternating current at level of welding 220 amp. and hardness of 169.43 HV. The welding parameters can result in increasing Mg2Si intensity in parent phase. It can also be observed that Mg2Si at the parent phase decreased due to high welding current in HAZ.This research can be used as information in choosing how to welding parameter for gas tungsten arc welding of aluminum alloy.

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Hartl, Darren J., Geoffrey J. Frank, and Jeffery W. Baur. "Embedded magnetohydrodynamic liquid metal thermal transport: validated analysis and design optimization." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 7 (July 28, 2016): 862–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16657429.

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This work addresses the multi-fidelity analysis-driven design of a thermal transport system based on the flow of liquid metal through a structural laminate as induced by a solid-state magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) pump. A full three-dimensional model of the thermal transport system is both simplified to a reduced-order algebraic model, which correctly captures trends in the global system response, and alternatively implemented in an finite element framework, which captures essential global and local aspects of the system response not attainable via reduced-order modeling. The predictions of each model are validated against previously published experimental data. It is shown in detail for the first time in the context of MHD systems that a multi-fidelity approach to the multi-objective design optimization problem can leverage both the speed of the algebraic model and the accuracy of the finite element model, leading to effective predictions of optimal system designs in a reasonable amount of time. A relatively new algorithm for multi-objective and parameterized Pareto optimization is employed, and a clear path of continued development is identified.

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Turner, J. D. "Memory-Metal Actuators for Automotive Applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 208, no. 4 (October 1994): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_197_02.

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Shape-memory alloys (SMAs) are a relatively recent addition to the range of materials that can be obtained by the automotive designer. Low-cost SMA springs are now available, which alter in length when their temperature is changed. SMA springs produce a larger force than bimetallic devices, and in addition the full length change occurs quite rapidly, as soon as the threshold temperature is reached, giving a useful ‘bistable’ effect. This technical note describes the application of SMA springs to the design of an actuator, intended for use as a radiator blind forming part of an automotive cooling system. The design process adopted is outlined, together with the subsequent testing of the prototype. It is shown that SMA devices can form the basis of a range of simple, flexible and reliable actuators.

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Putri, Theresia Kusuma, and Freetje Waworuntu. "Analisis Logam Timbal (Pb) sebagai Pembelajaran Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe." Oxygenius Journal Of Chemistry Education 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37033/ojce.v2i1.134.

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The impact of the use of refined petroleum on potential pollution in mangrove allows the presence of lead metal (Pb) in the Sangihe Islands Restoration and Learning Center and the use of mangroves in the Sangihe Islands Restoration and Mangrove Learning Center as a place of learning has not been carried out to the full. Therefore, in this regard, a study was carried out by analyzing Pb metals in sediments, Gastropod shells and Bivalvia shells in the research subsystem zone of the Sangihe Islands Restoration and Mangrove Learning Center which were then designed into learning designs using a model of problem based learning. The research method used is an exploratory method. Pb metal analysis was performed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer instrument resulting in an average Pb metal in sediments was 0.402 ppm, in Bivalvia shells was 0.04283 ppm and Gastropods shells was 0.0654 ppm. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the presence of Pb metal in sediments, Bivalvia shells and Gastropod shells then yields four main questions in the learning design with Sub-Impacts of the Use of Petroleum using the problem based learning model.

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Dang, Xiao Bing, Kai He, Jiu Hua Li, Qi Yang Zuo, and Ru Xu Du. "Parameter Effects on Dynamic Crushing Behavior of Aluminum Staggered Kelvin Cellular Metal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.385.

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This paper is aimed at investigating the parameter effects on dynamic crushing behavior of staggered Kelvin cellular metal using finite element method. The geometrical characteristics of the staggered cellular structure were analyzed and the finite element model was constructed using shell elements. A full factorial Design of Experiment simulation was carried out and four individual factors including two structure characteristics of the cellular metals and two mechanical parameters of the base material were selected, namely cell edge length, cell wall thickness, yield stress and tangent modulus. Their single and interaction effects on plateau stress, densification strain and densification strain energy were mainly researched. From the results it could be seen that the structure characteristics were a little more important than the base material properties for aluminum staggered Kelvin cellular metal.

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Gürkan, Elif Hatice, Yusuf Tibet, and Semra Çoruh. "Application of Full Factorial Design Method for Optimization of Heavy Metal Release from Lead Smelting Slag." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094890.

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Lead-acid batteries are commonly used as power sources for critical operations in the world. They find application in air-traffic control towers, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), railroad crossings, military installations, hospitals, and weapons systems. Lead-acid batteries are also known as automotive batteries and industrial batteries. Lead-acid batteries consist of large amounts of lead, sulphuric acid, and plastics. The acid is tremendously irritant and a carrier for soluble information. The lead must control because of a range of adverse health effects. Thus, a collectible system that is easily accessible for waste batteries is needed. In this paper, a sustainable model is proposed for the leaching of lead-acid battery slag. The aim is to optimize the leaching of lead-acid batteries slag with natural materials. The leaching characteristic of the lead smelting slag produced using sepiolite and illite. A 23 full factorial design model is used to investigate the combination of the effect of variable factors.

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Beddeleem, J., W. De Waele, S. Hertelé, M. Verstraete, and K. Van Minnebruggen. "Characterization of mechanical properties in weld metal using inverse modelling." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 1 (November 6, 2012): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i1.20552.

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Nowadays, more oil and gas transportation pipelines are constructed in areas with permafrost and/or higherseismic activity. These pipelines can be subjected to longitudinal plastic deformations necessitating a strainbased design. Since girth- and seam welds are critical in terms of structural integrity, it is desirable to knowtheir mechanical properties. In a strain based design context, the accurate determination of yield strengthand hardening are necessary. A longitudinally extracted (is parallel to the pipe axis) specimen notched atthe weld region and loaded in tension, in combination with inverse modelling is assumed to be a valuabletool to determine these properties. This notched cross weld test ensures that the largest deformations willoccur at the weld, thereby allowing to fully determine the stress-strain behaviour of the weld metal. Inversemodelling combines experimental full-field strain data with numerical simulations to determine theconstitutive parameters. Strains will be measured experimentally and compared with simulated data. Byminimizing their difference, i.e. a certain cost function, a correspondence is found and the desiredparameters are determined. This paper focuses on one aspect of the inverse modelling framework, thedevelopment of the parametric finite element model.

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Entenmann, D. T., W. E. North, I. Fukue, and A. Muyama. "Shop Test of the 501F—A 150 MW Combustion Turbine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906266.

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The 501F is a 150 MW-class 60 Hz engine jointly developed by Westinghouse Electric Corporation and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. This paper describes the full-load shop test program for the prototype engine, as carried out in Takasago, Japan. The shop test included a full range of operating conditions, from startup through full load at the 1260°C (2300°F) design turbine inlet temperature. The engine was prepared with more than 1500 instrumentation points to monitor flow path characteristics, metal temperatures, displacements, pressures, cooling circuit characteristics, strains, sound pressure levels, and exhaust emissions. The results of this shop test indicate the new 501F engine design and development effort to be highly successful. The engine exceeds power and overall efficiency expectations, thus verifying the new concepts and design improvements.

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Kotlan, Václav, Roman Hamar, David Pánek, and Ivo Doležel. "Combined heat treatment of metal materials." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 35, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 1450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2015-0302.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and analyze a combined heat treatment of metal materials, consisting in classic induction pre-heating and/or post-heating and full heating by laser beam. This technology is prospective for some kinds of surface hardening and welding because its application leads to lowering of temperature gradients at the heated spots, which substantially reduces local residual mechanical strains and stresses. Design/methodology/approach – The task was solved like the 3D hard-coupled problem for electromagnetic field, temperature field and field of displacements. It was solved numerically using the techniques based on the FEM. For solution was used commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics, some parts were solved using own scripts in the software Agros. Findings – In the paper are shown results of the numerical solution and experimental measured data. Due the work the authors found that the influence of the pre-heating and post-heating really leads to limit the temperature gradients and from other measurements is clear that also to improving of the welding. Originality/value – The paper presents fully 3D nonlinear and nonstationary mathematical model of hybrid laser welding, its numerical solution experimental verification.

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Chennareddy, Rahulreddy, Susan Bogus Halter, and Mahmoud M. Reda Taha. "Fit-in GFRP Liner for Retrofitting Corroded Metal Culverts." MATEC Web of Conferences 271 (2019): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927101013.

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Corrugated metal pipes (CMPs) have been used as culverts in North America since the 1950s. Today, corrosion of CMPs is a major problem that requires an urgent and efficient solution to retrofit thousands of corroded CMPs across the country. One potential solution gaining wide acceptance is to use a fit-in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) liner inside the old CMPs and to connect them using polymer grout. In this paper, a methodology to retrofit corrugated metal culvert using a fit-in GFRP profile liner was developed and implemented. First, material characterization of the GFRP material and the epoxy grout were carried out for proper design of the retrofit system. Second, full-scale CMP-GFRP composite section was tested under three-point bending configuration to observe the retrofitted culvert behavior to failure. The new CMP-GFRP section develops full composite action and shows failure capacity of 75 kip with a deflection of 3.52 in at the end of the test. Post failure of the polymeric grout, GFRP pipe failure was observed at mid-span location starting on the tension side. A finite element model was developed to understand the behavior of the CMP-GFRP composite pipe and to allow for the efficient design of the proposed retrofitting system.

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Anyfantis, Konstantinos, Panagiotis Stavropoulos, Panagis Foteinopoulos, and George Chryssolouris. "An approach for the design of multi-material mechanical components." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 3 (April 2, 2018): 960–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405418763995.

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A computational procedure for the calculation of the material parameters involved in the structural design of multi-material components is presented. The developed scheme can be used in the design process for the full or partial replacement of a metallic part with a metal/fiber–reinforced composite bi-material, aiming at weight savings. Finite element simulations are incorporated into an algorithm that rapidly reduces the design space until a good set of design variables has been reached. The process is controlled by two objective functions (mass and strain energy minimization) and is subjected to several constraints according to the component’s design requirements. Three examples have been adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. The results show that the upper limit for weight reduction is constrained by the yield strength of the metal component and therefore its corresponding thickness. Based on the design configuration, weight savings up to 25% could be reached.

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Irsyad, Rizal Mujaddid, Luqman Hadi Dwi Satryo, Annisa Larasati Febrianingrum, and Feri Adriyanto. "Design of Monitoring and Separating Dustbin System using Internet of Things." Journal of Electrical, Electronic, Information, and Communication Technology 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jeeict.2.2.45112.

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The growing population is causing a big problem in terms of waste. Garbage sorting efforts need to be made, especially the separation between organic and non-organic garbage, so that non-organic garbage that can still be recycled is not contaminated by organic garbage containing water and oil. Moreover, it requires swift handling of trash bins that are full so that trash does not accumulate and become an epidemic. For that we need innovation in the form of technology that is able to overcome these problems. This paper is designed IoT-based garbage for monitoring and separating dustbin. The design of garbage was made using Arduino UNO as a microcontroller that can monitor and sort garbage automatically. There are 2 stages in the garbage sorting process. The first stage is the metal and non-metal separation, and then the second stage is the organic and non-organic stages. When the trash is full, the trash can lid will be locked and then the system will send a notification to the garbage manager regarding the location/position of the trash and the weight of the trash. This research method includes 4 stages such as analysis of needs and working methods, design of hardware and software design, implementation, and finally testing of the design.Keywords— garbage, waste management, garbage sorting, separting dustbin, internet of things

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Yuan, Huadong, Jianwei Nai, He Tian, Zhijin Ju, Wenkui Zhang, Yujing Liu, Xinyong Tao, and Xiong Wen (David) Lou. "An ultrastable lithium metal anode enabled by designed metal fluoride spansules." Science Advances 6, no. 10 (March 2020): eaaz3112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3112.

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The lithium metal anode (LMA) is considered as a promising star for next-generation high-energy density batteries but is still hampered by the severe growth of uncontrollable lithium dendrites. Here, we design “spansules” made of NaMg(Mn)F3@C core@shell microstructures as the matrix for the LMA, which can offer a long-lasting release of functional ions into the electrolyte. By the assistance of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, we reveal that an in situ–formed metal layer and a unique LiF-involved bilayer structure on the Li/electrolyte interface would be beneficial for effectively suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the spansule-modified anode affords a high Coulombic efficiency of 98% for over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 mA cm−2, which is the most stable LMA reported so far. When coupling this anode with the Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 cathode, the practical full cell further exhibits highly improved capacity retention after 500 cycles.

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Kim, Woo-Tae, Cheonwi Park, Hyunkeun Lee, Ilseop Lee, and Byung-Geun Lee. "A High Full Well Capacity CMOS Image Sensor for Space Applications." Sensors 19, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071505.

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This paper presents a high full well capacity (FWC) CMOS image sensor (CIS) for space applications. The proposed pixel design effectively increases the FWC without inducing overflow of photo-generated charge in a limited pixel area. An MOS capacitor is integrated in a pixel and accumulated charges in a photodiode are transferred to the in-pixel capacitor multiple times depending on the maximum incident light intensity. In addition, the modulation transfer function (MTF) and radiation damage effect on the pixel, which are especially important for space applications, are studied and analyzed through fabrication of the CIS. The CIS was fabricated using a 0.11 μm 1-poly 4-metal CIS process to demonstrate the proposed techniques and pixel design. A measured FWC of 103,448 electrons and MTF improvement of 300% are achieved with 6.5 μm pixel pitch.

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Keil, Frerich J. "Molecular Modelling for Reactor Design." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 201–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-084141.

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Chemical reactor modelling based on insights and data on a molecular level has become reality over the last few years. Multiscale models describing elementary reaction steps and full microkinetic schemes, pore structures, multicomponent adsorption and diffusion inside pores, and entire reactors have been presented. Quantum mechanical (QM) approaches, molecular simulations (Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics), and continuum equations have been employed for this purpose. Some recent developments in these approaches are presented, in particular time-dependent QM methods, calculation of van der Waals forces, new approaches for force field generation, automatic setup of reaction schemes, and pore modelling. Multiscale simulations are discussed. Applications of these approaches to heterogeneous catalysis are demonstrated for examples that have found growing interest over the last few years, such as metal-support interactions, influence of pore geometry on reactions, noncovalent bonding, reaction dynamics, dynamic changes in catalyst nanoparticle structure, electrocatalysis, solvent effects in catalysis, and multiscale modelling.

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Doms, Marco, and Jörg Müller. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Micro Vapor-Jet Vacuum Pump." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 10 (May 22, 2007): 1339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2776968.

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A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) vapor-jet pump for vacuum generation in miniaturized analytical systems, e.g., micro-mass-spectrometers (Wapelhorst, E., Hauschild, J., and Mueller, J., 2005, “A Fully Integrated Micro Mass Spectrometer,” in Fifth Workshop on Harsh-Environment Mass Spectrometry;Hauschild, J., Wapelhorst, E., and Mueller, J., 2005, “A Fully Integrated Plasma Electron Source for Micro Mass Spectrometers,” in Ninth International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (μTAS), pp. 476–478), is presented. A high velocity nitrogen or water vapor jet is used for vacuum generation. Starting from atmospheric pressure, a high throughput of more than 23ml∕min and an ultimate pressure of 495mbars were obtained with this new type of micropump. An approach for the full integration of all components of the pump is presented and validated by experimental results. The pump is fabricated from silicon and glass substrates using standard MEMS fabrication techniques including deep reactive ion etching, trichlorosilane molecular vapor deposition, and metal-assisted chemical etching for porous silicon fabrication. Micromachined pressure sensors based on the Pirani principle have been developed and integrated into the pump for monitoring.

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Moyer, Kathleen, Jennifer Donohue, Neha Ramanna, Adam P. Cohn, Nitin Muralidharan, Janna Eaves, and Cary L. Pint. "High-rate potassium ion and sodium ion batteries by co-intercalation anodes and open framework cathodes." Nanoscale 10, no. 28 (2018): 13335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01685b.

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A fast-charging full-cell battery design is demonstrated with ultrafast metal ion co-intercalation at the anode and fast ion diffusion through an open framework cathode to enable high power cycling with energy densities ∼100 W h kg⁻¹.

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Grecchi, Francesco, Piero Antonio Zecca, Aldo Macchi, Alessandro Mangano, Federica Riva, Emma Grecchi, and Carlo Mangano. "Full-Digital Workflow for Fabricating a Custom-Made Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) Mandibular Implant: A Case Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082693.

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Direct Laser Metal Sintering (DLMS) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that is capable of manufacturing metal parts according to a three-dimensional (3D) design made using computer-assisted-design (CAD) software, thanks to a powerful laser beam that melts selectively micro-powder layers, one on top of the other, until the desired object is generated. With DMLS, it is now possible to fabricate custom-made titanium implants for oral and maxillofacial applications. We present the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with a squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible. The patient underwent subtotal mandibular resection; conventional reconstruction procedures failed to rehabilitate the function of the mandible. A prosthesis replacing the resected mandible was designed and fabricated using a digital workflow. The extensive bone defect was rehabilitated with a prosthesis replacing the mandibular bone and supporting a morse-taper dental prosthesis. The masticatory function was reestablished.

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Sun, Ju, Jiaxing Liang, Junnan Liu, Wenyan Shi, Neeraj Sharma, Wei Lv, Ruitao Lv, Quan-Hong Yang, Rose Amal, and Da-Wei Wang. "Towards a reliable Li-metal-free LiNO3-free Li-ion polysulphide full cell via parallel interface engineering." Energy & Environmental Science 11, no. 9 (2018): 2509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00937f.

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Shalabyta, Mikalai, Andrei Shuryn, Tatsiana Shalabyta, and Viacheslav Dragan. "Experience in conducting field tests of metal structural constructions of coatings of the “BrSTU”." E3S Web of Conferences 212 (2020): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021202015.

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There are quite often statically complex structures, the reliability of theoretical calculations of which needs experimental verification in the world practice of design and construction. Studies of building structures functioning can be full-scale or carried out on their models in laboratory conditions depending on the goals set. Full-scale tests of building structures are more expensive, therefore, their implementation requires a special approach and justification. However, to check the operation of complex, critical structures which primarily include metal spatial large-span structures of coatings of buildings and structures especially those used for the first time to assess their bearing capacity, to establish the degree of participation in the construction of each of the elements, to study the operation of individual new nodal elements etc., only full-scale tests are required.

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Chipengo, Ushemadzoro, Peter M. Krenz, and Shawn Carpenter. "From Antenna Design to High Fidelity, Full Physics Automotive Radar Sensor Corner Case Simulation." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2018 (December 27, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4239725.

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Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have recently been thrust into the spotlight in the automotive industry as carmakers and technology companies pursue effective active safety systems and fully autonomous vehicles. Various sensors such as lidar (light detection and ranging), radar (radio detection and ranging), ultrasonic, and optical cameras are employed to provide situational awareness to vehicles in a highly dynamic environment. Radar has emerged as a primary sensor technology for both active/passive safety and comfort-advanced driver-assistance systems. Physically building and testing radar systems to demonstrate reliability is an expensive and time-consuming process. Simulation emerges as the most practical solution to designing and testing radar systems. This paper provides a complete, full physics simulation workflow for automotive radar using finite element method and asymptotic ray tracing electromagnetic solvers. The design and optimization of both transmitter and receiver antennas is presented. Antenna interaction with vehicle bumper and fascia is also investigated. A full physics-based radar scene corner case is modelled to obtain high-fidelity range-Doppler maps. Finally, this paper investigates the effects of inclined roads on late pedestrian detection and the effects of construction metal plate radar returns on false target identification. Possible solutions are suggested and validated. Results from this study show how pedestrian radar returns can be increased by over 16 dB for early detection along with a 27 dB reduction in road construction plate radar returns to suppress false target identification. Both solutions to the above corner cases can potentially save pedestrian lives and prevent future accidents.

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Knight, Andrew W., Eric S. Eitrheim, Andrew W. Nelson, and Michael K. Schultz. "A calculation model for liquid-liquid extraction of protactinium by 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol." Nukleonika 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0154.

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Abstract Reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel usually employs the solvent extraction technique to recover fissile material, isolate other valuable radionuclides, recover precious metals, and remove contaminants. Efficient recovery of these species from highly radioactive solutions requires a detailed understanding of reaction conditions and metal speciation that leads to their isolation in pure forms. Due to the complex nature of these systems, identification of ideal reaction conditions for the efficient extraction of specific metals can be challenging. Thus, the development of experimental approaches that have the potential to reduce the number of experiments required to identify ideal conditions are desirable. In this study, a full-factorial experimental design was used to identify the main effects and variable interactions of three chemical parameters on the extraction of protactinium (Pa). Specifically we investigated the main effects of the anion concentration (NO3-, Cl-) extractant concentration, and solution acidity on the overall extraction of protactinium by 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol (diisobutylcarbinol; DIBC) from both HCl and HNO3 solutions. Our results indicate that in HCl, the extraction of protactinium was dominated by the solution acidity, while in nitric acid the extraction was strongly effected by the [DIBC]. Based on our results, a mathematical model was derived, that describes the relationship between concentrations of anions, extractant, and solution acidity and the expected values of Pa distribution coefficients in both HCl and HNO3. This study demonstrates the potential to predict the distribution coefficient values, based upon a mathematical model generated by a full-factorial experimental design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Full metal design'

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