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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Art Full Text." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5633.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Art Full Text." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5640.
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Ehrensperger, Eric 1966. "Predictors of cerebral ischemic events in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis : systematic review." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111568.
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Background. Carotid stenosis is an important cause of stroke. Carotid endarterectomy is a means of reducing the burden of stroke but is of marginal benefit in individuals with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The identification of factors associated with increased risk of cerebral ischemic events would help select individuals who may obtain a greater benefit.Methods. A comprehensive search was performed to identify studies examining risk factors for cerebral ischemic events in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Inclusion criteria were defined a priori. Relevant studies were reviewed, assessed for quality, and data were extracted.
Results. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a suggestion of increasing neurological events with increasing severity and progression of carotid stenosis. There was some evidence for an association with carotid plaque morphology. No consistent association was found with clinical factors, impaired cerebral vasoreactivity, or cerebral embolic signals.
Conclusions. The evidence is insufficient to reliably identify individuals with asymptomatic carotid stenosis who are at a higher risk of cerebral ischemic events.
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Kong, Chim-on. "Review of the professional studies programme for a full-time one-year technical teachers' course." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626111.
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Kong, Chim-on, and 江潛安. "Review of the professional studies programme for a full-time one-year technical teachers' course." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38626111.
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Descheneau, Julie. "A review of six-dimensional braneworld solutions /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80251.
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In the last years, brane world scenarios have been studied extensively, but most of these studies have been done in the case of five-dimensional spacetime. It is therefore of interest to investigate which of the particular features observed are proper to one extra dimension and which are generic to any number of dimensions. In this thesis, I present an overview of models and solutions to Einstein's equations for six-dimensional brane world scenarios. Solutions for a simple setup with cylindrically symmetric bulk centered about a three-brane are derived and classified. There are two main kinds of topology: either solutions are compactified in a spherical topology, closed up by another three-brane, or they have a disc topology, which must be terminated by a four-brane. One of the particular features of codimension-two branes is demonstrated, namely that their tension, or vacuum energy, induces a deficit angle in the bulk. Solutions for different arrangements of codimension-one and codimension-two branes are also reviewed. Although the review focuses on topological and cosmological properties of the solutions, models using a field theoretical approach to the brane-world scenario, i.e. considering the brane as a topological defect arising from higher dimensional fields, are also considered.
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Mehler, Ulrich. "The influence of transnationalized markets on U.S. merger review /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30800.
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This thesis examines the impact of transnationalization on U.S. American merger review. It commences by outlining the principles of U.S. merger control, the notion of competition, and effects to be prevented. The study then proceeds with an analysis of transnationalization and gives an evaluation of its influence on firms, markets, and economic systems. The adjacent part holds a description of significant merger decisions made by the U.S. authorities during the recent years thereby covering important markets. An analysis focussing on a possible inequality of the treatment between mergers involving U.S. and foreign firms in order to meet exigencies generated by transnationalization that are not congruent with the objective of maintaining competition follows. The thesis concludes with an examination of extraterritorial application of U.S. antitrust law, the problems generated thereby and the various suggestions produced for a solution of the discrepancy between world-wide markets and enterprises and nationally confined legal systems.
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Mercier, Laurence. "Review of ultrasound probe calibration techniques for 3D ultrasound." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81555.
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Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound is an emerging new technology with numerous clinical applications like measuring the volume of the prostate, monitoring fetal development, or evaluating brain shift during neurosurgery. Ultrasound probe calibration is an obligatory step in order to build 3D volumes from 2D images acquired in a freehand ultrasound system. The role of calibration is to find the transformation that relates the image plane to a sensor attached on the probe. This thesis is a comprehensive review of what has been published in the field of ultrasound probe calibration for 3D ultrasound. The thesis covers the topics of tracking technologies, ultrasound image acquisition, phantom design, speed of sound issues, feature extraction, least-squares minimization, temporal calibration, calibration evaluation techniques and phantom comparisons. The calibration phantoms and methods have also been classified in tables to give a better overview of the existing methods.
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Lazariciu, Irina. "Economic evaluations of Alzheimer's disease medications-review and an application." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80315.
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In the past decade, the increasing costs incurred as a result of caring for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have led to the recognition of AD economic research as an important area of study in most industrialized countries. This thesis contains an overview of the AD economic literature published in recent years, focusing in particular on four cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA's), which employ Markov models to simulate disease progression through different health states. Methodological issues and key study assumptions related to modelling disease progression are identified and critically evaluated. Two of these issues, namely the assumption that transition probabilities are independent of a patient's age and the implications of MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) score misclassification, are investigated through re-analysis of MMSE data from two longitudinal cohorts of probable AD patients (N = 106). Simulations are carried out to assess the impact of score misclassification on transition probabilities.Our findings suggest that younger age may be associated with a higher likelihood of progressing into more advanced stages of AD. Additionally, we conclude that, in the presence of score misclassification, the use of the MMSE in the context of CEA's would lead to underestimating disease progression and the time spent in the more severe stages of AD. Recommendations are made for future research.
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Mignault, Alain 1962. "Mathematical models of classical conditioning : a critical review and extensions." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68221.
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The history of classical conditioning is summarized. The contributions and weaknesses of several earlier models of classical conditioning are studied. Two new neuronal models are proposed. The first, called the delay-producing connections (or DPC) model, is an extension of the Klopf (1988) and Sutton & Barto (1981) models. The DPC model makes two contributions: (1) it represents the trace of each conditioned stimuli (CS) by differential equations; and (2) it replaces each CS in the activation rule with a trace of the relevant CS. A method is suggested to measure the trace of a CS. The second model, called the adaptive delays (or AD) model, is proposed as an extension of the DPC model to account for the phenomenon of inhibition of delay. Both models reproduce the shape of a CR, the curve of efficacy of conditioning as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI), the dependence of the optimal ISI on CS duration, the extinction of a CR (even for long lasting CSs as opposed to Klopf's (1988) model), and several other properties of classical conditioning.
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Cahill, Paul C. "The economics of fisheries and fisheries management : a partial review." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63301.
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DeGuise, Alexander. "DeFoe's «Review» and the language of eighteenth-century economic information." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66939.
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This thesis attempts to historicize our understandings of economic rationality and economic action, specifically in the period leading up to the South Sea Bubble of 1720, an event which seemingly remains shrouded in mystery. The fundamental question addressed is what sort of "information" would have been available to people making decisions about financial assets in the early-eighteenth century? Related to this is a question of a more cultural nature: How did contemporaries determine what information was relevant and how did they evaluate its truthfulness and reliability? Through an investigation into the language used by Daniel Defoe in his widely read newspaper, Review of the Affairs of the British Nation (1704-1713), this thesis aims to show how one emblematic contemporary framed the information he deemed relevant for determining the potential of a British trade to the South-Seas and how he attempts to establish his authority as an interpreter of trade and finance.La présente thèse vise à présenter en termes historiques notre compréhension des rationalités et des actions économiques, plus spécifiquement durant la période menant à la "South-Sea Bubble" de 1720, un événement qui reste encore mal compris. La question fondamentale abordée est quelle sorte d'« information » aurait été disponible aux personnes prenant les décisions sur les actifs financiers au début du XVIIIe siècle ? Liée à cette question en est une autre de nature plus culturelle : comment les contemporains ont-ils déterminé quelles informations étaient pertinentes et comment ont-ils évalué leur véracité et leur fiabilité ? Grâce à une étude du langage utilisé par Daniel Defoe dans son journal à grand lectorat, Review of the Affairs of the British Nation (1704-1713), le présent thèse cherche à démontrer comment un contemporain de renom a utilisé les informations qu'il jugeait pertinentes pour identifier le potentiel d'un commerce britannique avec les Mers du Sud et comment il tentait d'établir son autorité en tant qu'interprète de commerce et de finance.
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Jean, Dominic. "A full century of monthly Canadian stock price index returns : a review of the Fisher hypothesis and some anomalies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64050.pdf.
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Andrade, Francisco Javier. "Contractual expansion of judical review of arbitral awards : an international view." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78197.
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In the last decade, parties to arbitration agreements have attempted to broaden the scope of judicial review of arbitral awards by contract, beyond the boundaries established in international and domestic arbitration statutes. This thesis analyzes this contractual expansion of judicial review from an international perspective. To this end, the standard of judicial review under the most important international instruments pertaining to commercial arbitration is examined: the New York Convention and the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. The study then addresses the question as to whether provisions for heightened judicial review of arbitral awards would be enforceable under the legislation of three major players in commercial arbitration: England, France and the United States. An analysis of the legitimacy of agreements that provide for expanded judicial review under the New York Convention and UNCITRAL Model Law follows. The thesis concludes with an assessment of the impact the mentioned clauses would represent for the institution of arbitration and its advantages.
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Jenkins, David 1971. "Judicial review of unlawful combatant detentions under the United States Constitution." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103149.
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This thesis examines how United States federal courts can review the President's exercise of the war powers to detain American citizens, or non-citizens having similar rights, as unlawful combatants. It argues that the separation of powers doctrine, based on Lockean principles, permits probing judicial review of such an executive detention, where the President exercises the war powers in a way that effectively adjudicates individual rights or impacts upon domestic affairs.The constitutional controversy over unlawful combatant detentions is fundamentally a separation of powers problem. Existing functionalist and formalist theories about the separation doctrine, as well as dichotomous debates about individual rights versus national security, fail to reconcile judicial deference to executive decisions in some war powers cases with closer scrutiny in others. This thesis therefore proposes a new separation of powers theory that explains the existing war powers jurisprudence, while establishing principles upon which courts can vigorously review future executive war powers decisions that interfere with individual rights or impact upon domestic matters, such as with the detention of a citizen as an alleged unlawful combatant.
The thesis first sets out a separation of powers theory based on the political thought of John Locke, placing upon each branch a fiduciary duty to make decisions only in ways best calculated to serve the public good. The "deliberative processes" approach to the separation doctrine, growing out of this fiduciary duty, functionally distributes constitutional power among the branches depending upon which one is most institutionally suited to resolve the matter at hand. Judicial application of the political question doctrine in past war powers cases demonstrates such a Lockean deliberative processes analysis, in the ways that courts have questioned judicial competency to scrutinize the executive's strategic military decisions. Cases dealing specifically with unlawful combatant detentions, in turn, show that judicial competence to review executive military decisions increases when the President functionally adjudicates individual rights of the citizen, a deliberative process for which the courts are more institutionally competent. Accordingly, this thesis concludes that courts can review executive unlawful combatant detentions under adjudicative standards of legality, procedural fairness, and reasonableness.
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Noble, Kimberley. "A review of the kinship initiative within child welfare in Ontario." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96905.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current kinship initiative within the field of Child Welfare in Ontario by reviewing its history and exploring any obstacles that may be preventing the support of this program. Key themes that were derived from the data include economic, policy and legislative barriers to permanency and workplace culture creating barriers. Recommendations include the support of specialized kinship workers and assessors, increased funding to support this model and kinship service families, centralized government services and a more universal direction from the Ministry regarding service delivery. Implications for social work practice, policy and further research were also discussed and included less frustration with the program, resulting in an increase of referrals and continued growth and sustainability of placements; the end result would be fewer children entering foster care. The possibilities for future research include: evaluating permanency outcomes for children in kinship in-care versus kinship out-of-care, exploring what the long term social and economic impact of skipped-generation parenting will have on kin, and to assess if funding constraints and legal limitations are impacting clinical case planning in Child Welfare.Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer l'initiative de parenté actuelle dans le domaine de la protection des enfants en Ontario en examinant son histoire et en explorant les obstacles qui peuvent empêcher la prise en charge de ce programme. Les thèmes qui ont été dérivées les données comprennent économique, création des barrières de la culture des obstacles politiques et des lois à la permanence et le lieu de travail. Recommandations comprennent la prise en charge des travailleurs de parenté spécialisés et des assesseurs, augmentés le financement à l'appui de ce modèle parenté service familles, services gouvernementaux centralisée et une direction plus universelle du ministère concernant la prestation de services. Implications pour la pratique du travail social, politique et poursuivre les recherches ont également discutées et inclus les moins frustration avec le programme, ce qui entraîne une augmentation des renvois et a continué de croissance et la durabilité des placements ; le résultat final serait moins d'enfants entrant soins foster. Les possibilités pour de futures recherches incluent : évaluer les résultats de la permanence pour enfants dans la parenté en soins versus parenté out-de-soins, exploration quel le long terme impact social et économique des responsabilités parentales génération ignoré aura sur kin, et d'évaluer si le financement des contraintes et des restrictions juridiques sont perturber une planification cas cliniques dans le bien-être de l'enfant.
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Bartlett, Kevin. "Cape York International Spaceport, Australia : a review of the legal issues." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55690.
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Jafari, Yalda. "Point-of-care tests for syphilis: meta-analysis and systematic review." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104812.
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Background: The World Health Organization estimates there were 12 million new cases of syphilis in 2006. . In developing countries there is often a lack of proper screening due to limited laboratory services. In contrast, in developed countries there is often limited access to care among hard-to-reach populations. In context of these healthcare system disconnects, point-of-care (POC) tests have proven to be an invaluable resource, yet in order to justify their use, their diagnostic accuracy and implementation outcomes must first be established. Methods: We searched six electronic databases from 1 January 1980 to 24 September 2010 for articles evaluating syphilis POC tests. Data was extracted and a second reviewer independently reviewed a subset of the articles. Subgroups of studies were created according to index test, sample, and reference standard employed. Pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates were calculated using Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (HSROC) curves. Adjustments were made to account for imperfect reference standards. A narrative review of implementation outcomes was undertaken.Results: The most frequently evaluated kits were Determine® (29%), Bioline® (18%), Syphicheck® (15%), and Visitect® (14%). After adjustment for imperfect reference standard, in serum samples, using a TP (Treponemal Pallidum) specific reference standard (e.g. TPPA), Bioline® had the highest pooled sensitivity, 99.67% (95% credible interval 97.65, 100) , followed by Determine® , 99.14% (96.93, 100), Visitect®, 98.18% (93.53, 100) and Syphicheck®, 88.46% (73.54, 99.87). Syphicheck® had the highest pooled specificity, 99.98% (99.64, 100), followed by Visitect®, 99.89% (99.19, 100), Determine®, 99.68% (98.70, 100) and Bioline®, 99.56% (98.55, 100). In whole blood, Bioline® had the highest pooled sensitivity, 91.47% (87.06, 96.12), followed by Determine®, 89.49% (79.88, 98.15), Visitect®, 82.93% (94.50, 100) and Syphicheck®, 81.99% (71.84, 91.99). Determine® had the highest pooled specificity, 99.91% (99.44, 100) followed by Visitect®, 99.87% (99.58, 100) followed by Syphicheck®, 99.81% (99.46, 100), and Bioline®, 99.61% (99.04, 100). Acceptability, feasibility, and impact of POC tests were demonstrated in various studies. Preference was not well established and economic evaluations were too heterogeneous to be conclusive. Conclusion: Bioline® and Determine® had the highest estimates of pooled sensitivity and specificity respectively. Higher parameter estimates in serum warrant the use of these tests in serum, rather than whole blood where feasible. Comparing our findings to current strategies in place, it is appropriate to use POC tests to screen for syphilis where access to laboratories and laboratory based serological tests are limited or where patients do not return for results. Further research into implementation outcomes is warranted and a framework for evaluating these outcomes is urgently needed.Contexte: L'organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) estimait à 12 millions le nombre de nouveaux cas de syphilis en 2006. Les pays en développement sont souvent confrontés à des lacunes en termes de dépistage adéquat, attribuables aux services de laboratoire limités. Pour les pays développés, ce sont les populations marginalisées qui souffrent souvent d'un accès limité aux services de santé. Dans ce contexte d'inégalités des systèmes de santé, et bien qu'on ait déjà démontré que les tests au point d'intervention représentaient une ressource de très grande valeur, leur précision diagnostique et l'analyse de résultats d'implantation (IRO) doivent d'abord être établis, afin de justifier leur utilisation.Méthodes: Nous avons effectué une recherche d'articles traitant de l'évaluation des tests au point d'intervention pour la syphilis dans six bases de données électroniques, du 1980 au 2010. Deux évaluateurs ont analysé les données. Des sous-groupes ont été créés en fonction des types de tests, échantillons et étalons de référence. Nous avons généré des tests de sensibilité et spécificité mises en commun, à l'aide de courbes Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic(HSROC), et avons ajusté les valeurs pour tenir compte des étalons de référence imparfaits. Nous avons aussi synthétisé de façon narrative les analyses de résultats d'implantation (IROs).Résultats: Après avoir sommairement évalué 64 articles complets, 30 (47%) articles ont été inclus dans la méta-analyse d'exactitude diagnostique, et 24 (38%) articles ont été inclus dans l'examen narratif des analyses de résultats d'implantation (IROs). Quatre tests ont été évalués à travers l'ensemble des études : Determine® (29%), Bioline® (18%), Syphicheck® (15%), et Visitect® (14%). Après ajustement pour tenir compte de l'imperfection des étalons de référence, dans des échantillons de sérum, en utilisant un étalon de référence spécifique pour le TP (treponema pallidum) (par exemple, le TPPA), le test Bioline® s'est avéré avoir le test de sensibilité mise en commun le plus élevé, soit 99,67% (95% intervalle crédible 97,65 - 100), suivi de Determine® avec 99,14% (96,93-100), Visitect® avec 98,18% (93,53-100) et Syphicheck® avec 88,46% (73,54-99.87). Syphicheck® a obtenue test de spécificité mise en commun le plus élevé, soit 99,98% (99,64-100), suivi de Visitect® avec 99,89% (99,19-100), Determine® avec 99,68% (98,70-100) et Bioline® avec 99,56% (98,55-100). Dans des échantillons sanguins complets, Bioline® a obtenu le test de sensibilité mise en commun le plus élevé, soit 91,47% (87,06-96,12), suivi de Determine® avec 89,49% (79,88-98,15), Visitect® avec 82,93% (94,50-100) et Syphicheck® avec 81,99% (71,84-91,99). Determine® a obtenu le test de spécificité mise en commun le plus élevé, soit 99,91% (99,44 - 100), suivi de Visitect® avec 99,87% (99,58-100), Syphicheck® avec 99,81% (99,46-100), et Bioline® avec 99,61% (99,04 -100). L'acceptabilité, la faisabilité et l'impact des tests au point d'intervention ont aussi été démontrés dans plusieurs études. La préférence n'a pas été suffisamment bien établie, et les évaluations économiques étaient trop hétérogènes pour être concluantes.Conclusion: Bioline® et Determine® ont obtenu respectivement les tests de sensibilité et spécificité mises en commun les plus élevés. Les tests plus élevés dans les échantillons de sérum suggèrent fortement, lorsque possible, l'utilisation de ces tests dans ce contexte, plutôt qu'avec des échantillons sanguins complets. En comparant nos résultats aux stratégies de tests actuellement en application, on constate qu'il serait approprié de remplacer les tests sérologiques avec des tests au point d'intervention, même lorsque l'accès à un laboratoire ou à du personnel adéquatement formé n'est pas une problématique. De plus amples recherches sur les analyses de résultats d'implantation sont nécessaires, et un cadre d'étude pour l'évaluation de ces résultats est urgemment requis.
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Weijer, Charles. "Characterizing the population in clinical trials : barriers, comparability, and implications for review." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23303.
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The definition of the study population for a clinical trial via the criteria for trial eligibility has implications for the validity of the study and its applicability to clinical practice. Though issues of equity regarding the selection of subjects for research have long been a concern of ethicists, issues regarding the impact of subject selection on a trial's generalizability have only recently attracted ethical scrutiny. After a review of the history of the ethics of subject selection, I focus on three empirical questions regarding the generalizability of clinical trials. (1) What proportion of diseased populations are studied in clinical trials? (2) How are subjects selected for clinical trial participation (and what are the main barriers to participation)? (3) Are clinical trial participants comparable to non-participants? Finally, the role of the Institutional Review Board--Research Ethics Board in Canada--in assessing the generalizability of clinical research is discussed.
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Richez, Emmanuelle. "The impact of charter-based judicial review on pan-Canadian cultural citizenship." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107752.
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This dissertation evaluates the impact of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) jurisprudence on Canada's cultural rights structure and cultural citizenship. In total, the dissertation analyzes 49 Supreme Court Charter decisions in the areas of minority language, multiculturalism and aboriginal issues, as well as their reception by governmental authorities. It argues that Charter-based judicial review has confirmed and pushed further the choice Canada made after the Second World War to promote a polyethnic citizenship. The dissertation also formulates three larger theoretical claims. First, that the recognition of specific cultural rights for certain groups that go beyond fundamental political and civil rights brings about positive legal change for minorities. This has especially been the case for the Anglophone minority inside Quebec and the Francophone minority outside Quebec, as well as for aboriginal communities across Canada. Secondly, that constitutionally entrenching rights and the transfer of power to the judiciary to invalidate laws that contravene those rights, is crucial for greater accommodation of diversity. As shown in the Canadian case, the Supreme Court's rulings in favour of minorities have been enforced by governmental authorities. Thirdly, that institutional nation-building objectives limit judicial review's potential for facilitating greater accommodation of diversity. The ideal of a polyethnic pan-Canadian citizenship prevents the recognition of new self-government rights for aboriginal peoples and Francophone Quebecers, even though there is interpretive space for such a constitutional reading.Cette thèse évalue l'impact de la jurisprudence de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés (1982) sur la structure des droits culturels et de la citoyenneté culturelle au Canada. Elle analyse 49 décisions de la Cour suprême ayant trait aux droits des minorités linguistiques, au multiculturalisme et aux affaires autochtones, ainsi que leur réception par les différentes autorités gouvernementales. Elle soutient que la revue judiciaire basée sur la Charte a confirmé et poussé encore plus loin le choix du Canada, fait après la deuxième guerre mondiale, de promouvoir une citoyenneté polyethnique. La thèse énonce aussi trois grandes affirmations théoriques. Premièrement, que la reconnaissance de droits culturels propres à certains groupes et dont l'étendue dépasse celle des simples droits fondamentaux a conduit à de grandes avancées pour les minorités. Ceci fut le cas pour la communauté anglo-québécoise, les minorités francophones hors Québec ainsi que pour les autochtones à travers le pays. Deuxièmement, que les garanties juridiques qui sont constitutionnalisées et arbitrées par les cours ont un impact important sur l'accommodement de la diversité. Comme démontré dans le cas canadien, les décisions de la Cour suprême en faveur des minorités ont été appliquées par les autorités gouvernementales. Troisièmement, que les objectifs étatiques d'édification de la nation amoindrissent le potentiel d'accommodement de la diversité dont dispose la revue judiciaire. L'idéal d'une citoyenneté pancanadienne polyethnique empêche la reconnaissance de nouveaux droits d'auto-détermination aux peuples autochtones et aux Québécois francophones, même si une certaine interprétation constitutionnelle pourrait le justifier.
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Rouah, Fabrice. "The natural history of multiple sclerosis : a review of current modelling approaches /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20852.
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The highly varying course of MS has made it difficult to establish accurate prognoses about its natural history. The reliability of neurologic impairment grades obtained by clinical examinations of patients is becoming recognized as important. Current statistical methods in natural history studies of MS are essentially classical survival and linear models, applied to clinical data and with mortality, impairment, and secondary progression of MS, as outcomes. However, more sophisticated modelling attempts, in particular ones that account for the fluctuating course of MS, are rare. Stochastic and time series models are two such recent methods that have been proposed. As more complex statistical models are being called upon, it is crucial that practitioners consult with statisticians to ensure that the models are being correctly selected, applied, and interpreted.
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Pashak, Darlene. "Exploring the relationship between adolescent sex abusers and attachment : a literature review." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78188.
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This study examined the relationship between attachment and adolescent sex abusers through a literature review. Due to the dearth of literature on this subject, separate literature reviews were conducted on attachment theory and on predisposing factors to adolescent sex abusing. The results indicated that a causal relationship between attachment and the development of adolescent sex abusers is unlikely; however, insecure attachment styles were found to be one of many factors related to adolescent sex abusing. Theories related to emotional stress, the developmental stage of adolescence, intergenerational transmission and sibling incest were generated within the theoretical context of attachment. A typology was constructed that suggests how different attachment styles may be associated with various types of adolescent sex abusers. Implications for primary prevention, treatment interventions and research were discussed.
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Wilson, Keith. "A review of compression testing procedure with reference to a Trenton limestone /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=47028.
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Jewers, Wendi. "Next steps in evolution education: a literature review and suggestions for the future." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103685.
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Biological evolution is unlike other topics in science. For many students, it is emotionally-charged and conceptually difficult, and yet it is vital to making sense of biology. Considerable research has addressed the unique challenges of teaching evolution, but it has left many questions unanswered. In this thesis, I will provide an overview of the literature on strategies for teaching evolution with an emphasis on those for which there is empirical support. Conclusions that may be drawn from this literature and limitations of the studies will be discussed. Based on the findings, I will argue that the best approach to evolution education is one that combines diverse strategies, focuses on essentials, and begins early, with regular reinforcement of key concepts throughout the K-12 curriculum. Suggestions for implementing such an approach are also discussed.L'évolution biologique est différent des autres sujets de sciences. Pour de nombreux étudiants, il est émotionnellement chargé et conceptuellement difficile, et pourtant il est essentiel pour comprendre la biologie. Beaucoup de recherches ont abordé les défis uniques de l'enseignement d'évolution, mais il a laissé de nombreuses questions sans réponse. Dans cette thèse, je vais donner un aperçu de la littérature sur les stratégies d'enseignement de l'évolution en mettant l'accent sur ceux pour lesquels il y a de soutien empirique. Conclusions qui peuvent être tirées de cette littérature et les limites de ces études seront discutés. Sur la base des résultats, je ferai valoir que la meilleure approche à l'enseignement d'évolution est une synthèse de diverses stratégies qui se concentre sur l'essentiel et commence tôt dans la curriculum de K-12, avec renforcement régulier des concepts clés. Suggestions pour la mise en œuvre d'une telle approche sont également discutés.
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Mulhall, Jan. "Cultural competency : a review and critique of the literature in social work practice." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81254.
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Cultural Competency has become a concept central to the professional practice of social work. It is endorsed because it is perceived that cultural competency of social work practitioners results in encounters with their clients that are more appropriate in manner, and more helpful in outcome. Originally a critique of failures of conventional practice, cultural competency has become so widespread that its meaning has become obscured.This study examines the literature on Cultural Competency. It includes the preceding work on cross-cultural, multi-cultural and diversity literature. It examines definitions of culture in the context of competency and what is included and excluded; historical and regional development and its relationship to concepts such as ethnicity, race, class, identity and cultural indices. It also reviews what is considered best Social Work practice at this time and what problems can develop from this perspective.
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Heo, Gyeong Mi 1971. "A systematic review of technology to support adult learning in communities of practice /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29506.
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This thesis presents a systematic review regarding the way technology supports adult learning in communities of practice. It presents the systematic review procedure that was developed, based on NBS CRD (2001) protocol, from publication sources relevant to the topic. It includes the identification of research from an initial question that is: how does technology support adult learning in communities of practice. In addition, it presents a search strategy, a study quality assessment, a data extraction strategy and a synthesis of findings. Because most of the pertinent research is qualitative, a typology of qualitative research and a critical appraisal checklist for quality assessment were designed and are presented. The results presented have synthesized evidence from studies that meet certain quality criteria and they are discussed in terms of (a) the kinds of technologies applied in communities of practice, and (b) successful features of the technology that seem to contribute to learning.
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Morris, Eric. "Client involvement in psychotherapy: a literature review and evaluation of an involvement measure." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32293.
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This thesis has three primary objectives and is organized into two separate but related manuscripts: In the first manuscript, entitled A Review of Client Involvement in Psychotherapy, the goal is to provide a thorough review of the involvement literature and to present a theoretical conceptualization of client involvement that could clarify our understanding of involvement. Specifically, it is argued that client involvement is composed of two facets, the internal and external processes which guide whether a client will participate in therapy. The goal of the second manuscript, which is entitled Factor Analysis and Construct Validity of a Measure of Client Involvement, is to evaluate a factor model of client involvement based on empirical data. The client involvement measure is the Comprehensive Scale of Psychotherapy Session Constructs Client Involvement subscale (CSPSC-CI; Eugster & Wampold, 1996), and it has not previously been independently evaluated. The psychometric properties of this measure were examined. Factor analysis of the CSPSC-CI revealed three interpretable factors: a Client factor, an Active Therapist factor, and a Disengaged Therapist factor. Discriminant and convergent construct validity was also evaluated; the results of the study provide preliminary support for the construct validity of the measure.Cette these a trois objectifs principaux et se divise en deux manuscrits distincts mais liés: Dans le premier manuscrit, intitulé A Review of Client Involvement in Psychotherapy, le but est de fournir un examen approfondi de la littérature de la participation et d'avancer une conceptualisation de la participation qui clarifiera notre compréhension de la participation. Précisément, nous maintenons que la conceptualisation de la participation est composée de deux facettes, le processus interne et le processus externe, qui indiquent si un client participera à la thérapie. Le but du deuxième manuscrit, intitulé Factor Analysis and Construct Validity of a Measure of Client Involvement, est d'évaluer un modèle des facteurs de la participation des clients basé sur les données empiriques. La mesure de la participation des clients est l'Echelle exhaustive des concepts des séances de psychothérapie, sous-échelle Participation des Clients (Comprehensive Scale of Psychotherapy Session Constructs – Client Involvement subscale [CSPSC-CI; Eugster & Wampold, 1996]), qui n'a jamais été évaluée de façon indépendente. Nous avons examiné les propriétés psychométriques de cette mesure. L'analyse des facteurs de la sous-échelle CSPSC-CI a révélé trois facteurs distincts: un facteur de Client, un facteur de Thérapeute Actif, et un facteur de Thérapeute Inattentif. Nous avons également évalué la validité de concept de la mesure, et les résultats de l'étude fournissent un appui préliminaire de la validité de concept de la sous-échelle.
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Coble-Neal, Grant William. "Cost functions, subaddivity and natural monopoly: review, extension and application to Australian telecommunications." Curtin University of Technology, School of Economics and Finance, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16449.
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This study applies a test for subadditivity (natural monopoly) to Australian telecommunications industry data for the period 1954 to 1990. If an industry exhibits subadditive cost, a monopoly can provide total industry output at a lower cost than multiple firms. The test for subadditivity is dependent on econometric estimation of a theoretically valid cost function. The cost function employed in this study is a multiple output variation of the symmetric generalised McFadden cost function. The main advantage of this specification is the ability to impose concavity on the cost function with respect to the input prices without imposing a priori restrictions on the input substitution elasticities.While there have been numerous previous subadditivity studies, this study is novel in two respects. First, this study contains the results of a direct test involving the provision of data carriage services provided by Australias monopoly carrier from 1970 to 1990. Thus, the test for subadditivity is applied to a relatively new service at a time when demand is in its infancy. Second, the approach to modelling makes explicit allowance for radical technological changes and lags in adjustment.The results indicate cost complementarity between data-aggregate output and large economies of scale. However, these effects are not strong enough to guarantee subadditivity. Analysis suggests that the most likely cause of subadditivity is the extent of network duplication between competitors. Evidence of subadditivity is found for firms that duplicate more than 30% of the networks fixed cost. This implies that at the national level, competition policy is the right choice. This suggests that regulated competition is likely to be no more costly than monopoly.
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Eboe-Osuji, Chilezie. "Aviation incidents and the earth-based victims : a review of Anglo-Canadian tort law." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60647.
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The dawn of aviation may have been universally ushered in on 4 June 1783 when two French brothers--Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier--in a pioneering effort, publicly flew their self-made hot-air balloon (built with linen and paper) up to about 1,830 metres: but for many centuries before then, English law had regulated the delictual relations of its subjects in England and its other realms beyond the Seas, including Canada.With the ever-changing circumstances of the World, engendered particularly by developments in science and technology, as by inconstancy in the socio-political disposition of Mankind, the adaptability of the said regulatory scheme assumes a perennially major focal point within the legal systems concerned.
This thesis reviews the modus operandi of the adaptation of Anglo-Canadian tort law to the uses of aviation, in the context of associated damages occasioned to persons and property on the Earth-surface.
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Casimir, Stephen P. 1936. "A critical review of characterization in the fourth Gospel's structure of anonymous disciple allusions /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79829.
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This investigation is about characterization in the Fourth Gospel as it relates to the "disciple"---the mysterious, anonymous figure that pervades the structure of allusions in this narrative. The question as to who this character is and what s/he does in this gospel text has both attracted and intrigued generations of biblical scholars.The first part of the investigation examines divergent views of premodern, modern and reader-oriented criticism with regard to the "disciple's" identity and function, highlighting the respectively allegorical, historical and reader-oriented understanding of his/her character as proposed by these three critical approaches.
The second part of the investigation re-examines the question with a novel approach. The approach involves a detailed analysis of the structure of allusions. This analysis concludes that the allusions constitute a set of interactive linguistic phenomena which are meant to shed light on the anonymous figure within them. On the basis of this finding, the investigation proposes a new understanding of the structure of allusions and of the question of identity and function that it raises.
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Kao, Alina. "Redefining postmenopausal dyspareunia: Critical review, description, and biopsychosocial correlates of an understudied pain disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110388.
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Dyspareunia (pain during intercourse) is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and constitutes one of the most common presenting complaints in menopause clinics. Traditionally, postmenopausal dyspareunia has been almost exclusively attributed to declining endogenous estrogen levels and consequent vulvovaginal atrophy. This view still predominates today despite the lack of conclusive supporting evidence. The first chapter of this thesis critically reviews the literature on postmenopausal dyspareunia, examining the widely held conceptualization that postmenopausal dyspareunia is a direct symptom of hormonal decline. This review suggests that postmenopausal dyspareunia, similar to premenopausal dyspareunia, can be conceptualized as a pain syndrome. This conclusion motivated the collection of data from 182 postmenopausal women who suffered from pain during intercourse. A biopsychosocial protocol collecting hormonal, gynecologic, pain, as well as individual and interpersonal psychosocial data was carried out. Chapter two presents a systematic description of the clinical pain and medical attributes of postmenopausal dyspareunia. Cluster analytic techniques applied to these data suggest that several subtypes of postmenopausal dyspareunia can be distinguished. Chapter three investigates biopsychopsychosocial correlates of postmenopausal dyspareunic pain. Results demonstrate that the traditional hypoestrogen and vulvovaginal atrophy conceptualization of postmenopausal dyspareunia may be an insufficient explanatory model. Postmenopausal dyspareunic pain is also correlated with cognitive, affective, and dyadic factors. Overall, the results provide evidence that dyspareunia in postmenopausal women is a heterogenous disorder and underlines the need for research and clinical effort that integrates biological, psychological, and relationship factors to address the complexity of this condition.La dyspareunie (douleurs ressenties au cours des rapports sexuels) est très répandue chez les femmes post-ménopausées et constitue l'une des principales plaintes formulées par les femmes dans les cliniques de la ménopause. La dyspareunie post-ménopausique a traditionnellement été attribuée presque exclusivement à la baisse des niveaux d'oestrogènes endogènes et l'atrophie vulvo-vaginale qui en résulte. Ce point de vue prédomine encore aujourd'hui malgré l'absence de preuve permettant de l'établir de façon concluante. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse analyse de façon critique la littérature portant sur la dyspareunie post-ménopausique, examinant la conceptualisation largement répandue selon laquelle la dyspareunie post- ménopausique est un symptôme directement attribuable à une baisse hormonale. Cette analyse donne à penser que la dyspareunie pré-ménopausique, à l'instar de la dyspareunie post-ménopausique, peut être conceptualisée comme un syndrome douloureux. Cette conclusion nous a conduit à collecter des données auprès de 182 femmes post-ménopausées éprouvant de la douleur lors des rapports sexuels. Un protocole biopsychosocial de collecte de données hormonales, gynécologiques, et de la douleur, ainsi que de données psychosociales individuelles et interpersonnelles fut mis en œuvre. Le deuxième chapitre présente une description systématique de la douleur clinique et des caractéristiques médicales de la dyspareunie post-ménopausique. Des techniques d'analyse de groupement appliquées à ces données indiquent qu'il est possible de distinguer plusieurs sous-types de dyspareunie post-ménopausique. Le troisième chapitre examine les corrélats biopsychosociaux de la douleur dyspareunique post-ménopausique. Les résultats démontrent que la conceptualisation traditionnelle de la dyspareunie post-ménopausique fondée sur l'hypo-œstrogénie et l'atrophie vulvo-vaginale pourrait bien s'avérer un modèle explicatif incomplet. Par ailleurs, la douleur dyspareunique post-ménopausique est aussi corrélée à des facteurs cognitifs, affectifs et dyadiques. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats tendent à confirmer que la dyspareunie chez les femmes post-ménopausées constitue un trouble hétérogène, et témoignent de la nécessité pour la recherche et le travail clinique d'adopter une approche qui intègre les facteurs biologiques, psychologiques et relationnels afin de pouvoir appréhender ce problème dans toute sa complexité.
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Pieralli, Stefano [Verfasser]. "Clinical outcomes of partial and full-arch all-ceramic implant-supported fixed dental prostheses : a systematic review and meta-analysis / Stefano Pieralli." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223928489/34.
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Timmerman, Briana Eileen. "Peer review in an undergraduate biology curriculum : effects on students' scientific reasoning, writing and attitudes." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18880.
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Scientific reasoning and writing skills are ubiquitous processes in science and therefore common goals of science curricula, particularly in higher education. Providing the individualized feedback necessary for the development of these skills is often costly in terms of faculty time, particularly in large science courses common at research universities. Past educational research literature suggests that the use of peer review may accelerate students' scientific reasoning skills without a concurrent demand on faculty time per student. Peer review contains many elements of effective pedagogy such as peer-peer collaboration, repeated practice at evaluation and critical thinking, formative feedback, multiple contrasting examples, and extensive writing. All of these pedagogies may contribute to improvement in students' scientific reasoning. The effect of peer review on scientific reasoning was assessed using three major data sources: student performance on written lab reports, student performance on an objective Scientific Reasoning Test (Lawson, 1978) and student perceptions of the process of peer review in scientific community as well as the classroom. In addition, the need to measure student performance across multiple science classes resulted in the development of a Universal Rubric for Laboratory Reports. The reliability of this instrument and its effect on the grading consistency of graduate teaching assistants were also tested. Further, application of the Universal Rubric to student laboratory reports across multiple biology classes revealed that the Rubric is further useful as a programmatic assessment tool. The Rubric highlighted curricular gaps and strengths as well as measuring student achievement over time.This study demonstrated that even university freshman were effective and consistent peer reviewers and produced feedback that resulted in meaningful improvement in their science writing. Use of peer review accelerated the development of students' scientific reasoning abilities as measured both by laboratory reports (n = 142) and by the Scientific Reasoning Test (n = 389 biology majors) and this effect was stronger than the impact of several years of university coursework. The structure of the peer review process and the structure of the assignments used to generate the science laboratory reports had notable influence on student performance however. Improvements in laboratory reports were greatest when the peer review process emphasized the generation of concrete and evaluative written feedback and when assignments explicitly incorporated the rubric criteria. The rubric was found to be reliable in the hands of graduate student teaching assistants (using generalizability analysis, g = 0.85) regardless of biological course content (three biology courses, total n = 142 student papers). Reliability increased as the number of criteria incorporated into the assignment increased. Consistent use of Universal Rubric criteria in undergraduate courses taught by graduate teaching assistants produced laboratory report scores with reliability values similar to those reported for other published rubrics and well above the reliabilities reported for professional peer review.
Lastly, students were overwhelmingly positive about peer review (83% average positive response, n = 1,026) reporting that it improved their writing, editing, researching and critical thinking skills. Interestingly, students reported that the act of giving feedback was equally useful to receiving feedback. Students connected the use of peer review in the classroom to its role in the scientific community and characterized peer review as a valuable skill they wished to acquire in their development as scientists. Peer review is thus an effective pedagogical strategy for improving student scientific reasoning skills. Specific recommendations for classroom implementation and use of the Universal Rubric are provided. Use of laboratory reports for assessing student scientific reasoning and application of the Universal Rubric across multiple courses, especially for programmatic assessment, is also recommended.
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LeBel-Buchanan, Nicholas. "Review of new instruments in low frequency radio interferometry and their calibration: LOFAR and MWA." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121206.
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Low frequency radio astronomy is experiencing a renaissance due to advances in computing power and efficiency. New instruments are being designed and built to take advantage of this. An introduction is given to radio astronomy. The physical mechanisms of radio emission are explained. The measurement of radio waves is discussed, particularly in regard to the properties and advantages of interferometric arrays. Two modern instruments currently being deployed and tested are described, with particular attention paid to their calibration techniques. These instruments are the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in Western Australia and the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) in Europe, with most components in The Nether-lands. These instruments are compared with one another.La radioastronomie de fréquence basse connaît une renaissance grâce aux progrès de la puissance de calcul et d'efficacité. De nouveaux instruments sont conçus et construits pour profiter de cette. Une introduction est donnée à la radioastronomie. Les mécanismes physiques de l'émission de radio sont expliqué. La mesure des ondes radio est discutée, en particulier en ce qui concerne les propriétés et avantages de réseaux interférométriques. Deux instruments modernes actuellement déployés et testés sont décrits, avec une attention particulière à leurs techniques d'étalonnage. Ces instruments sont le "Murchison Widefield Array" (MWA) en l' Ouest de l'Australie et le "Low Frequency Array" (LOFAR) en Europe, la plupart des composants dans les Pays-Bas. Ces instruments sont comparé l'un à l'autre.
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Akçakir, Yasemin. "Correlates of treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): a systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86914.
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Background: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major threat to global tuberculosis control. While observational studies have reported outcomes of MDR-TB treatment, there have been no randomized controlled trials for MDR-TB treatment outcomes. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine individual and study-level factors associated with treatment outcomes for MDR-TB in the observational studies.Method: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Web of Science from 1970 to July 2008, for publications in any language that described at least one treatment outcome among at least 25 patients with microbiologically proven MDR-TB. Data were extracted and where missing, principle investigators were contacted for more information. Rates of treatment outcomes were pooled using random effects. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression models were used to explore sources of heterogeneity.
Results: After screening 2187 titles and abstracts, 265 articles were identified for retrieval and full-text review, and of these, 72 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Data analysis was performed using the 64 unique cohorts reported by the 72 articles. The cohorts were quite heterogeneous in characteristics and outcomes. The mean size of the cohorts was 124 patients (range 25 to 1011). The mean age of participants in the cohorts was 39 years with females accounting for about one third. The median length of treatment was 18 months, and the average number of drugs in the regimen was five. The overall pooled rates of cumulative success (successful patients who did not relapse) was 50%, of cumulative failure (failure plus relapse) was 17%, of death was 13% and of default was 18%. These pooled outcome rates, however, must be interpreted with caution because of heterogeneity across studies. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses helped identify several factors associated with improved outcomes. Factors significantly associated with increased treatment success are treatment duration longer than 20 months, use of more than three sensitive drugs, individualized regimen, use of fluoroquinolones, or use of second-line agents in general. Factors that were significantly associated with high treatment mortality were high prevalence of HIV co-infection and use of three or fewer drugs. Low default rate was most strongly associated with shorter treatments and directly observed therapy. Use of second-line drugs was significantly associated with higher default rate. Considerable heterogeneity remained even within subgroups.
Conclusion: Outcomes of MDR-TB appear to vary considerably across studies and populations. The heterogeneity among studies poses a challenge in interpreting the results of this meta-analysis for clinical care, underscoring the need for future research to clarify optimal treatment of MDR-TB.
Contexte : La tuberculose multi-résistante (TB-MR) est une menace importante pour le contrôle de la tuberculose dans le monde. Tandis que les études d'observation ont rapporté des résultats de traitements de TB-MR, il n'y a eu aucune étude randomisée. Nous avons fait une revue systématique de la littérature et une méta-analyse afin d'examiner les facteurs liés aux résultats de traitement pour TB-MR, au niveau de l'individu et de l'étude, dans les études d'observation.
Méthode : Nous avons cherché à l'aide de MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOS, et Web of Science, les publications dans toutes les langues qui décrivent au moins un résultat de traitement parmi au moins 25 patients atteints de TB-MR microbiologiquement prouvée, de 1970 à juillet 2008. Les données ont été extraites et les taux de résultats de traitement ont été mis en commun en utilisant le modèle d'effet au hasard random effect. Des analyses de sous-groupes et des modèles de méta régression ont été employés pour explorer les sources d'hétérogénéité.
Résultats : Après avoir répertorié2187 titres et résumés d'articles, 265 articles ont été identifiés et sélectionnées afin de récupérer le texte intégral pour les réviser; 72 de ces articles ont répondu aux critères d'inclusion et ont été inclus dans la méta analyse. L'analyse de données a été exécutée en utilisant les 64 cohortes uniques rapportées par les 72 articles. Les cohortes étaient hétérogènes dans leurs caractéristiques et leurs résultats. La taille moyenne des cohortes était de 124 patients (25 à 1011). L'âge moyen des participants était de 39 ans et les femmes représentaient environ le tiers des participants. La longueur médiane du traitement était de 18 mois et les patients recevaient en moyenne cinq médicaments différents. Le taux global de succès cumulatif (patients guéris qui n'ont pas fait de rechute) était de 50%, d'échec cumulatif (échec plus rechute), 17%, de mort, 13% et d'abandon de traitement, 18%. Toutefois, ces taux doivent être interprétés avec prudence en raison de l'hétérogénéité à travers des études. Avec des analyses de sous-groupes et de méta régression plusieurs facteurs associées à succès de traitement ont été identifier, comme - durée de traitement plus que 20 mois, utilisation de 3 médicaments ou plus, traitement individualise, ou l'utilisation de médicaments de secondes lignes. Facteurs associe avec la mortalité étaient haut prévalence de VIH et utilisation de 3 médicaments ou moins. Un taux élevé de non-adherence etait associe avec traitement plus longue, auto administration de médicaments, et l'utilisation de médicaments de seconde ligne. Une importante hétérogénéité est demeurée même dans les sous-groupes.
Conclusion : Les résultats de TB-MR semblent varier considérablement selon les études et les populations. L'hétérogénéité parmi les études pose un défi dans l'interprétation des résultats de cette méta analyse, soulignant le besoin d'autre recherche afin d'évaluer le traitement optimal pour TB-MR.
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Mark, Heinz Juergen. "Regulation of foreign investment in Canada : the foreign investment review act and the Investment Canada Act." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66114.
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Albanna, Amr. "Does fixed dose combination anti-tuberculosis therapy improve treatment outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114407.
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Background: Fixed dose combination (FDC) anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy is currently recommended to facilitate patient adherence, and prevent inadvertent or intentional mono-therapy. We have conducted a systematic review to evaluate the risk of treatment failure or relapse and acquired drug resistance, as primary outcomes, and the proportion of bacterial conversion after two months of treatment, adverse events, adherence, and treatment satisfaction, as secondary outcomes, associated with treatment of active TB using FDC or separate-drug formulations. Methods: We searched four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies published in any language since 1980. Results from trials that directly compared FDC to separate-drug formulations were pooled. Results from other studies were reported separately. Results: We identified 2450 potentially eligible articles from which 15 trials that directly compared FDC and separate-drug formulations as well as four additional relevant studies were included. In the 15 randomized trials there were no differences in acquired drug resistance, bacterial conversion after two months of treatment, or adverse drug reactions with FDC or separate-drug formulations. There was a trend toward higher risk of the combined outcome of treatment failure or disease relapse with FDC (pooled risk ratio, 1.28 [95% CI: 0.99, 1.65]). Based on individual study results, only one of two trials that assessed treatment satisfaction, and none of five that assessed patient adherence favored FDC's. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review do not support the current recommendation for the use of FDC formulations for treatment of active TB.Contexte : La combinaison à dose fixe est la forme de thérapie contre la tuberculose recommandée pour favoriser l'adhésion du patient et prévenir la mono thérapie intentionnelle ou accidentelle. Nous avons procédé à un examen systématique visant à évaluer le risque d'échec ou de rechute, de résistance aux médicaments, à titre de résultats primaires; et la proportion de conversion bactérienne après deux mois de traitement, d'effets secondaires, d'adhésion et de satisfaction reliés au traitement de la TB active, à titre de résultats secondaires, en comparant la combinaison à dose fixe et la multithérapie. Méthodes : Nous avons consulté quatre bases de données pour des essais contrôlés randomisés et des études de cohortes publiés en toute langue depuis 1980. Les résultats d'essais comparant directement la combinaison à dose fixe et la multithérapie furent regroupés. Les résultats d'autres études furent rapportés séparément. Résultats : Nous avons identifié 2450 articles potentiellement éligibles. Quinze essais comparant directement la combinaison à dose fixe à la multithérapie, ainsi que quatre autres études pertinentes sont inclus. Les 15 essais randomisés n'ont soulevé aucune différence en rapport à la pharmaco-résistance, à la conversion bactérienne après deux mois de traitement, ou aux effets secondaires entre la combinaison à dose fixe et la multithérapie. On note toutefois une tendance de risque plus élevé avec la combinaison à dose fixe lorsqu'on combine les résultats 'échec du traitement et rechute' (ratio de risque combiné, 1.28 (95% CI :0.99, 1.65). Selon les résultats individuels d'études, seul un des deux essais randomisés évaluant la satisfaction du traitement et aucun des cinq études évaluant l'observance ont favorisé la combinaison à dose fixe.Conclusion : Les résultats de cet examen systématique d'appuient pas la recommandation actuelle qui favorise l'utilisation de combinaisons à dose fixe pour le traitement de la TB active.
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Asgarian, Amin. "State-of-the-art review: Seismic response analysis of Operational and Functional Components (OFCs) in buildings." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121058.
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A building is composed of two main types of components: structural components (see Figure 1) and non-structural components (NSCs) also called operational and functional components (OFCs) (see Figure 2). OFCs are those components or systems housed or mounted in the buildings which are not part of the main or intended load-resisting system of the structure. Therefore, the building structure is commonly called “primary structure” or “supporting structure” and OFCs are also known by alternative names such as "non-structural elements", "building attachments", "architectural, mechanical, and electrical elements", "secondary systems", and "secondary structural elements".
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Poisson, Alexandre. "Implications of Modern Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics for Georgescu-Roegen's Macro-Economics: Lessons from a Comprehensive Historical Review." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103475.
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In the early 1970s, mathematician and economist Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen developed an alternative framework to macro-economics (his hourglass model) based on two principles of classical thermodynamics applied to the earth-system as a whole. The new model led him to the radical conclusion that "not only growth, but also a zero-growth state, nay, even a declining state which does not converge toward annihilation, cannot exist forever in a finite environment" (Georgescu-Roegen 1976, p.23). Georgescu-Roegen's novel approach long served as a devastating critique of standard neoclassical growth theories. It also helped establish the foundations for the new trans-disciplinary field of ecological economics. In recent decades however, it has remained unclear whether revolutionary developments in "modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics" (Kondepudi and Prigogine 1998) refute some of Georgescu-Roegen's initial conclusions and provide fundamentally new lessons for very long-term macro-economic analysis. Based on a broad historical review of literature from many fields (thermodynamics, cosmology, ecosystems ecology and economics), I argue that Georgescu-Roegen's hourglass model is largely based on old misconceptions and assumptions from 19th century thermodynamics (including an out-dated cosmology) which make it very misleading. Ironically, these assumptions (path independence and linearity of the entropy function in particular) replicate the non-evolutionary thinking he seemed to despise in his colleagues. In light of modern NET, I propose a different model. Contrary to Georgescu-Roegen's hourglass, I do not assume the path independence of the entropy function. In the new model, achieving critical free energy rate density thresholds can abruptly increase the level of complexity and maximum remaining lifespan of stock-based civilizations.Au début des années 1970s, le mathématicien et économiste Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen développa une alternative radical au modèle de macro-économie standard de l'époque : son « sablier entropique ». Celui-ci fut fondé sur des principes de thermodynamique classique appliqués à l'ensemble du globe. La nouvelle approche thermodynamique de Georgescu-Roegen a longtemps servi de forte critique des théories de croissance économique conventionnelles, ainsi qu'au fondement d'une nouvelle science interdisciplinaire : l'économie écologique, ou aussi, la bioéconomie. Néanmoins, à travers ces dernières décennies, il est demeuré incertain si d'importantes découvertes en thermodynamique de systèmes hors d'équilibre (NET) (Prigogine 1980, 1984, 1998): 1) ne réfuteraient pas plusieurs prémices et conclusions de Georgescu-Roegen. C'est ce que j'ai ici tenté d'investiguer, à l'aide d'une recherche dans l'histoire de plusieurs sciences. Je conclue que le modèle initiale de Georgescu-Roegen (le « sablier entropique ») dépend de plusieurs conceptions et prémices scientifiques maintenant considérées comme dépassées. En guise de développements dans le domaine de la thermodynamique de systèmes hors d'équilibre, je propose un nouveau modèle, qui ne prend pas pour acquis que les limites (thermodynamique) d'évolution d'un système macro-économique soit indépendant de la trajectoire du système en question. En particulier, la capacité d'atteindre des seuils critiques de densité de flux énergétique peut changer de façon radicale non-seulement le niveau de complexité (structurel et fonctionnel) d'une civilisation, mais aussi les limites de longévité d'une civilisation (problème qui est centrale à l'approche de Georgescu-Roegen).
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Saroyan-Farivar, Alenoush. "The review process in formative evaluation of instructional text : the role of content experts and instructional designers." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75906.
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This study explores and describes the processes of formative evaluation as carried out by content experts and instructional designers. It assumes that formative evaluation is an ill-defined, complex, problem solving task. Six experts (three Content Experts and three Instructional Designers), participated in this descriptive study. Subjects reviewed and revised a unit from a draft version of a self-instructional module on microbiology, while thinking aloud. Two coding schemes were developed and applied to the think-aloud protocols. Overall inter-coder reliability exceeded 89%. Qualitative data were used to describe the processes of formative evaluation, convergence patterns, and the degree of specificity of comments across subjects. Results suggest that there were between group differences in task representation, in the employed strategies, and in features of the text which were commented upon more frequently. Within group similarities in the outcome of formative evaluation were salient on a superficial level. Within group differences were more apparent when comments were compared qualitatively.
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Noronha, Crystal. "Impact on quality of life due to therapy-related oral complications in pediatric cancer patients: a scoping review." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110749.
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Objectives: To systematically review the research literature on the relationship between Quality of Life (QoL) and cancer therapy-related oral side-effects in a pediatric population. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using 16 databases (research and grey literature), websites, reference lists, and key journals. Inclusion criteria included studies pertaining to children 0-20 years, in English or French, published from 2000 to 2011. Exclusion criteria included mixed population of adults and children and non-discrete disease categories. Data was independently charted by two reviewers. Results: A total of 1270 articles were identified through the initial search. A rigorous review of abstracts and full text reduced the sample to 82 articles, all of which were categorized through a data extraction process. Data analysis resulted in the following findings: Leukemia studies were predominant. The most common side-effect was mucositis; however, side-effects mostly co-occurred. Twenty-one articles dealt directly with the effect on QoL, citing impacts such as changes in taste, eating, drinking, sleep habits, voice and weight loss. Twenty-five articles examined the long-term effect of treatment on pediatric dentition, showing that resultant caries and malformed teeth can affect eating and speech. Conclusions: Preventive oral care before, during and after cancer therapy can decrease the oral side-effects and improve the QoL of the pediatric patient; however, few studies to date advance recommendations for QoL improvement. This study underscores the need for a dental oncology program in pediatric hospitals.Objectifs : Examiner systématiquement la littérature en recherche sur les liens entre la Qualité de vie (QV) et les effets secondaires des approches thérapeutiques pour traiter le cancer buccal chez une population pédiatrique. Méthodes: Un survol de la littérature été réalisé en utilisant 16 bases de données (recherche et littérature grise), des sites web, des listes de référence et des revues-clés. Critères d'inclusion : études portant sur une population âgée de 0 à 20 ans, publiées en anglais ou en français entre 2000 et 2011 inclusivement. Critères d'exclusion : études concernant une population mixte d'enfants et d'adultes et études d'enfants ayant plus d'un diagnostique. Les données ont été recueillies indépendamment par deux chercheurs; 1270 articles ont été repérés dans un premier survol. Un examen rigoureux des résumés et textes intégraux permit de réduire l'échantillon à 82 articles, par la suite classés à travers un processus d'extraction des données. Résultats d'analyse: Les études sur la leucémie étaient prédominantes. Le plus commun des effets secondaires était la mucosité, mais la plupart des effets secondaires survenaient en cooccurrence. Vingt-et-un articles traitent directement des effets sur la qualité de vie, citant des impacts tels une modification du sens du goût, des changements dans les habitudes alimentaires (e.g. boire et manger) et dans celles du sommeil, des pertes de poids ainsi qu'une modification de la voix. Vingt-cinq articles examinaient l'effet à long terme des traitements sur la dentition pédiatrique et démontrent que la carie et les malformations dentaires qui en résultent peuvent affecter l'alimentation et la parole. Conclusions : Des soins préventifs oraux avant, pendant et après le traitement pour le cancer peuvent diminuer les effets secondaires oraux et améliorer la qualité de vie. Cette étude souligne la nécessité d'un programme d'oncologie dentaire dans les hôpitaux pédiatriques.
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Newman, Daniel. "Surgical recovery in the elderly: systematic review of patient-centered outcomes and prospective study of post-operative delirium." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104882.
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Objectives: As the number of elderly surgical patients continues to increase at a rapid rate, studies that examine the post-operative period in this population will become increasingly valuable. Surgical recovery, the "return to normal physical well-being, social, and economic usefulness, and psychological habitus", is a process that may best be measured using multidimensional outcomes that are patient-centered. The primary aim of this study was to determine to what extent patient-centered outcomes are being used in scientific literature, in the elderly, following gastrointestinal surgery and to determine, using an innovative model, which domains of the post-operative period are being examined using these outcomes. Our secondary aim was to examine the subset of articles that focused on recovery and post-operative delirium and assess their quality.Methods: The database MEDLINE was searched for articles published between 1988 and 2009, using several keywords to satisfy three general criteria: patient age (elderly), intervention (gastrointestinal surgery), and outcome type (patient-centered). All selected articles were independently reviewed by two researchers. The patient population and study characteristics, as well as all outcomes used, were recorded. A framework derived from the Wilson-Cleary Model for Health Related Quality of Life was developed to categorize patient–centered outcomes into one of three health domains: symptom status, functional status, or general health perceptions. In turn, these health domains encompass 8 patient-centered outcome categories: pain, vitality, patient satisfaction, psychological function, social function, physical function, independence, and cognitive function. A sub-analysis, including a quality assessment, was performed on the studies that explicitly examined recovery and delirium. Results: An initial search yielded 2980 articles. Eighty-eight studies, measuring at least one patient-centered outcome in the elderly following gastrointestinal surgery, were retained. Applying the proposed framework, 27 studies (30.7%) examined symptom status, 61 studies (69.3%) examined functional status and 32 studies (36.4%) examined general health perceptions. Independence was the most commonly measured patient-centered outcome while social function was the least commonly measured. A subset of 24 studies described recovery and a subset of 15 studies examined post-operative delirium. Studies examining recovery and delirium met a varying number of our quality assessment criteria. Conclusions: Using an adapted framework to categorize patient-centered outcomes, this study has uncovered that, to date, few studies use patient-centered outcomes to assess the post-operative period in the elderly following gastrointestinal surgery. Future studies should attempt to determine whether using patient-centered outcomes provides additional information that is useful to clinicians and patients. An assessment of the post-operative period, using patient-centered outcomes, may provide elderly patients with a more complete, picture of what to expect following gastrointestinal surgery and may ultimately help in the decision making and recovery process. Keywords: Systematic Review, Elderly, Patient-Centered Outcomes, Recovery, Gastrointestinal surgeryObjectifs: Compte tenu de la croissance rapide du nombre de personnes âgées qui doivent subir des interventions chirurgicales, les recherches qui portent sur la période postopératoire au sein de cette population vont devenir de plus en plus pertinentes et précieuses. Le rétablissement après une opération, ou le « retour à l'état de bien-être physique antérieur, l'utilité sociale et économique et l'état psychologique habituel » constitue un processus qu'on peut le mieux évaluer à l'aide de résultats multidimensionnels axés sur le patient. L'objectif premier de la présente étude était double : déterminer dans quelle mesure les résultats axés sur le patient, en l'occurence les personnes âgées ayant subi une opération gastro-intestinale, sont utilisés dans les études scientifiques et établir au moyen d'un modèle innovateur les différents aspects de la période postopératoire étudiés à l'aide de ces résultats. Le deuxième objectif consistait à examiner, parmi ces études publiées, celles qui mettent l'accent sur le rétablissement et le delirium postopératoire pour en évaluer la qualité. Méthodologie: La base de données MEDLINE a servi à la recherche des articles publiés de 1988 à 2009 à l'aide de nombreux mots-clés définis à partir de trois critères généraux : l'âge du patient (personne âgée), l'intervention (opération gastro-intestinale) et le type de résultat (axé sur le patient). Tous les articles choisis ont été revus par deux chercheurs. Les caractéristiques de la population à l'étude et des études elles-mêmes, aussi bien que les résultats utilisés, ont été consignés par écrit. Un cadre de référence inspiré du Model for Health Related Quality of Life de Wilson-Cleary a été élaboré pour classer les résultats axés sur le patient dans l'une des trois catégories suivantes : état des symptômes, état fonctionnel et perception de la santé générale. Ces trois catégories ont été divisées à leur tour en huit sous-catégories, ou résultats axés sur le patient : la douleur, la vitalité, la satisfaction du patient, les fonctions psychologiques, les fonctions sociales, les fonctions physiques, l'indépendance et les fonctions cognitives. Une analyse secondaire, y compris l'évaluation de la qualité des études qui se sont penchées sur le rétablissement et le delirium, a également été effectuée. Résultats: Une première recherche a permis de relever 2 980 articles. De ce nombre, 88 études qui mesuraient au moins un résultat axé sur le patient pour une population âgée ayant subi une opération gastro-intestinale ont été retenues. À l'aide du cadre proposé, on a pu cerner 27 études (30,7 %) qui portaient sur l'état des symptômes, 61 études (69,3 %) sur l'état fonctionnel et 32 études (36,4 %) sur la perception de la santé générale. L'indépendance était le résultat axé sur le patient le plus couramment mesuré, alors que la sous-catégorie fonctions sociales l'était le moins. Un sous-ensemble de 24 articles décrivait le rétablissement ; un autre de 15 articles portait sur le delirium postopératoire. Les études qui avaient le rétablissement et le delirium pour objet n'ont pas toutes rempli également les critères de qualité. Conclusion: Au moyen d'un cadre de référence adapté servant à catégoriser les résultats axés sur le patient, notre étude a révélé que, à ce jour, peu d'études utilisent de tels résultats pour évaluer la période de rétablissement chez les personnes âgées ayant subi une opération gastro-intestinale. D'autres études seraient nécessaires pour tenter de déterminer si l'utilisation des résultats axés sur le patient fournit des renseignements additionnels utiles aux cliniciens et aux patients. Évaluer la période postopératoire au moyen des résultats axés sur le patient pourrait donner aux patients âgés une idée plus précise de ce à quoi ils doivent s'attendre après une opération gastro-intestinale et, ultimement, faciliter la prise de décision et le processus de rétablissement.
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Rutledge, Vera L. "The Commission of Sir George Carew in 1611 : a review of the exchequer and the judiciary of Ireland." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70349.
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In the summer of 1611, Sir George Carew, the Irish Elizabethan military commander and former president of Munster, was commissioned by the king and his royal council in London to conduct an enquiry into all aspects of the Castle administration. Included in that wide mandate was an investigation into the existing practices and procedures of the Irish exchequer and judiciary, the two most important divisions of the Dublin government. This thesis is concerned with these two aspects of the commission of Sir George Carew. Since it is requisite for an understanding of the terms of reference handed to Sir George Carew in 1611, the study includes an analysis of the exchequer and judiciary between 1603 and 1611. In addition, there is an examination of the fiscal and judicial reforms that the king and his councillors commanded Irish officials to implement between 1613 and 1616. As is shown, these reformist measures were a direct outgrowth of recommendations submitted by Sir George Carew to the English privy council following the conclusion of his commission in 1611.
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Wisken, Kimberley. "A review of community-based programmes for children orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97225.
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Community-based programmes are a popular approach to providing care and support to AIDS orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) as they are able to operate on a large scale and are informed by locally-appropriate responses. Using strength based and anti-oppressive theories of social work practice, this study aims to review community-based programmes for OVC in sub-Saharan Africa and explore the experiences of the targeted children and the communities in which they reside. A systematic review of literature was completed to ascertain 39 evaluations representing 29 different externally funded community-based programmes. The findings and analysis consider the strengths and limitations of local approaches, participation of local community members and the relationship between the North and South in regards to collaborative partnerships through the concepts of capacity building, ownership and power. Implications for policy, practice and theory, as well as limitations and opportunities for future research, are outlined.Les programmes communautaires sont une approche populaire pour fournir des soins et du soutien aux orphelins du SIDA et aux orphelins et enfants vulnérables (OEV) car ils sont en mesure de fournir un service à grande échelle et ils sont informés par des réponses appropriées au niveau local En utilisant les capacités et les théories anti-oppressives de la pratique du travail social, cette étude vise à explorer la question, "Quel est l'effet des programmes communautaires pour les orphelins du SIDA et des OEV en Afrique sub-saharienne sur les enfants ciblés et les communautés dans lesquelles ils résident?" Une revue systématique de la littérature a été effectuée pour déterminer 39 évaluations représentant 29 différents programmes communautaires avec les financés par l'extérieur. Les résultats et l'analyse considèrent les points forts et les limites des approches locales, la participation des membres de la communauté locale et les relations entre le Nord et le Sud en ce qui concerne les partenariats de collaboration à travers les concepts de formation des capacités, la propriété et le pouvoir. Implications pour la politique, pratique et théorie, ainsi que les limites et les possibilités pour de futures recherches, sont présentées.
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Bourque, François. "The risk for schizophrenia and related disorders among first-and second-generation migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86802.
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Background: Migration is known as a risk factor for schizophrenia and related disorders, but the magnitude of the risk in second-generation migrants is unclear. This study aims at determining the risk of psychosis in first- and second-generation migrants and exploring sources of variation.Methods: A systematic review of population-based incidence studies of psychosis among first- and second-generation migrants was conducted. Descriptive and meta-analytic syntheses of identified studies were performed and sources of heterogeneity were examined.
Results: Nearly all migrant groups were at increased risk for psychotic disorders. The magnitude of the risk was similar in first- and second-generation migrants, but varied considerably according to ethno-racial status, social contexts and methodological variables.
Discussion: The risk clearly persists into the second generation, indicating that post-migration factors are more important than pre-migration factors or migration per se. The observed variability suggests that socio-environmental determinants contribute to the onset of psychotic disorders.
Contexte: L'immigration est associée à un risque accrû de troubles psychotiques, mais le doute persiste quant au risque chez les immigrants de deuxième génération demeure. Cette étude vise à évaluer le risque de psychoses des immigrants de première et deuxième génération et à en explorer la variabilité.
Méthode: Une revue systématique des études d'incidence de psychoses chez les immigrants de première et deuxième génération a été menée. Des synthèses descriptives et méta-analytiques des études ont été complétées. Les sources d'hétérogénéité ont été examinées.
Résultats : Presque tous les groupes d'immigrants ont un risque accrû de développer des troubles psychotiques. Le risque est comparable pour les deux générations, mais son ampleur varie considérablement selon le statut ethno-racial, le contexte social et la méthodologie.
Discussion : La persistance du risque dans la deuxième génération indique que les facteurs post-migratoires sont plus influents que les facteurs pré-migratoires ou la migration. La variabilité observée suggère que l'environnement social contribue au développement des troubles psychotiques.
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Prime, Beth-Ann. "Community coordinated initiatives and domestic violence : a study of the high risk assessment review team in Bellville [sic], Ontario." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99168.
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The High Risk Assessment Review Team (HART) in Belleville, Ontario is a community coordinated initiative that reviews domestic violence cases before the criminal court. Record analysis was conducted on 60 case files that had gone through criminal court in that jurisdiction. The purpose was to determine if a sample of cases reviewed by HART (n=30) would yield a higher rate of conviction and increased contact with community agencies when compared to a sample of cases (n=30) prior to this team being implemented. A logistical regression yielded no statistically significant results but did demonstrate a higher rate and likelihood of conviction in the HART sample as well as a greater involvement and likelihood of involvement with community agencies.
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Chabot, Dominique. "The rise of unmanned aircraft in wildlife science: a review of potential contributions and their application to waterbird research." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123049.
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The field of wildlife research and management tends to benefit from technological innovations such as remote sensing techniques that help to overcome the many challenges of studying and monitoring wild, free-ranging animals and their habitats. A new variety of remote sensing devices, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), has recently become available for public and commercial use, promising to offer further support to wildlife science. Although a growing variety of preliminary efforts to apply UAS in the discipline have been undertaken, the technology is yet to gain any significant traction in practice. The overall aim of this project is to help stimulate and guide the adoption of UAS in wildlife science by taking a distinctly rigorous, contextualized and integrated approach. This is accomplished by first presenting a detailed analysis of potential applications for UAS throughout the field of wildlife science based on the results of a systematic review of the current primary literature. Two case studies involving waterbirds are then presented which serve to evaluate, validate and demonstrate the use of a small UAS in genuine management-driven contexts. The first case study, involving the least bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), highlights the benefits of the UAS for collecting fine-scale habitat data in a wetland habitat that is challenging to navigate and assess at ground level. The second case study, involving the common tern (Sterna hirundo), demonstrates the advantages of using a UAS for studying and monitoring species that are highly sensitive to investigator disturbance. The examples provided by these case studies as well as the additional applications proposed in the review suggest far-reaching potential for UAS in wildlife science.Le domaine de l'étude et la gestion de la faune tend à tirer profit des innovations technologiques telles que les techniques de télédétection qui aident à surmonter les nombreux défis reliés à l'étude et au suivi des animaux sauvages et de leurs habitats. Un nouveau type d'instruments de télédétection, les systèmes d'aéronef sans pilote (UAS), est récemment devenu disponible pour usage public et commercial, promettant d'assister davantage les sciences fauniques. Bien qu'une variété croissante de tentatives préliminaires d'application de UAS dans le domaine ont été entreprises, la technologie tarde à percer dans la pratique générale. Cette thèse a pour but d'aider à stimuler et guider l'adoption des UAS dans les sciences fauniques en employant une approche distinctement rigoureuse, contextualisée et intégrée. Cela est accompli dans un premier temps en présentant un compte rendu détaillé des applications potentielles des UAS à travers le domaine des sciences fauniques, se basant sur les résultats d'un examen systématique de la littérature primaire actuelle. Dans un second temps, deux études de cas sur des oiseaux aquatiques sont présentées, servant à évaluer, valider et démontrer l'usage d'un UAS compact dans des contextes de gestion réels. La première étude de cas, sur le petit blongios (Ixobrychus exilis), met en valeur les bénéfices du UAS pour la collecte de données d'habitat à fine résolution dans un milieu humide difficile à parcourir et inventorier au sol. La seconde étude, sur la sterne pierregarin (Sterna hirundo), met en valeur les avantages du UAS pour l'étude et le suivi d'espèces très sensibles au dérangement causé par les chercheurs. Les exemples fournis par ces études de cas ainsi que les applications additionnelles proposées dans le compte rendu suggèrent un potentiel d'envergure pour les UAS dans les sciences fauniques.
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Lavergne, Martin. "A review of the literature on co-occurring severe mental illness and substance misuse : epidemiology, terminology, etiology, treatment, and recovery." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78185.
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The complexity of information produced since the 1980's on co-occurring severe mental illness and substance misuse makes it difficult for social workers to grasp the current state of the question. This is a new field of study, and much of the information is incomplete or contradictory. This review examines epidemiological studies carried out in North America. We identify the varied semantic and philosophical approaches to the question of dual diagnoses, and provide an overview of etiological theories, as well as of the theory and practice of treatment for these disorders. Emergent concepts of recovery are also discussed.Major findings. epidemiological data vary, but all point to a widespread problem. The diversity of meaning and of etiological theories appears to be linked to the heterogeneity of this population. An integrated treatment strategy is the current modality of choice, despite outcomes that are only mildly encouraging; finally, there is consensus among consumers that recovery from a disease is possible even in the absence of a complete cure.
Research limitations and knowledge gaps are to be expected in a new field of study. Additional research is necessary to determine the extent and causes of these comorbidities. Social workers must become knowledgeable in this field and remain abreast of new developments in order to engage in evidenced-based practice. Greater education about comorbidities is necessary, as is an overarching policy response from all levels of government. The principal contribution of this master's thesis to the discipline of social work is to provide a general synthesis of knowledge in a domain that is highly medicalized in the literature.
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Simco, Russell. "Adherence to supported self-care interventions for depression: a systematic review and cohort study of patients with comorbid chronic physical illness." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107819.
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Evidence supports the effectiveness of supported self-care for the treatment of depression. These interventions are widely advocated as part of depression management programs in primary care, including stepped care management models. Adherence is an important factor in the effectiveness of medical treatments, but has been overlooked in the field of supported self-care for depression. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to describe adherence to supported self-care interventions for depression and/or anxiety through a systematic review of the scientific literature, and 2) to identify characteristics associated with adherence in a pilot study of a supported self-care intervention for depression in primary care patients with comorbid chronic physical illness. From a total of 40 studies 22 (55%) reported adherence; measures of adherence were inconsistent; few (n=3) studies investigated associations between patient characteristics and adherence. Adherence rates to the intervention (completion of self-care tools and coach telephone calls) in the pilot study (n=57) were comparable to those reported in studies in the systematic review. Greater adherence to the self-care tools was associated with increased comorbidity; greater adherence to the coach telephone calls was associated with the assigned coach. Future research should consider using standardized measures of adherence, and report associations between patient characteristics and adherence, as well as between adherence and outcome.Les présentes recherches appuient l'efficacité de l'autogestion soutenue, lors du traitement de la dépression. Ces interventions, incluant la gestion de soins par paliers, sont préconisées en première ligne afin de gérer la dépression. Malgré qu'elle soit souvent liée au succès de traitements médicaux, la conformité au traitement est fréquemment négligée lors de recherches sur l'autogestion soutenue lors du traitement de la dépression. Les objectifs de ce projet étaient: 1) de décrire la conformité au traitement d'interventions rapportées d'autogestion soutenue du traitement de la dépression ou de l'anxiété, par examen systématique, et 2) d'identifier les caractéristiques associées avec la conformité au traitement, par l'entremise d'une étude pilote portant sur l'autogestion soutenue du traitement de la dépression, chez les patients de souffrants de maladies physiques chroniques concomitantes, en première ligne. Sur un total de 40 études révisées, 22 (55%) ont rapporté la conformité au traitement; les mesures de conformité rapportées n'étaient pas constantes; et peu (n=3) des études ont étudié les facteurs associés avec la conformité au traitement. Les taux de conformité au traitement dans l'étude pilote (réalisation complète des outils d'autogestion soutenue et des appels téléphoniques avec le « coach ») étaient comparables a ceux identifiés lors de l'examen systématique. La réalisation complète des outils d'autogestion soutenue était associée avec la concomitance de maladies chroniques; la réalisation complète des appels téléphoniques était associée au « coach » assigné au patient. Les prochaines études devraient utiliser des mesures standardisées de conformité au traitement et rapporter les caractéristiques associées avec la conformité au traitement ainsi que les liens entre la conformité au traitement et les résultats de l'intervention.
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Duers, Lorraine Elizabeth. ""To see oursels as ithers see us!" : an exploration of student nurses' conceptions and implementation of peer review and self-assessment." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22643.
Full textAbstract:
Engagement with peer review and self-assessment potentially influences the development of self-regulatory capability (Nicol, 2010; Sadler, 2010; Boud, 2007) and therefore could be beneficial to student nurses who at the point of professional registration are required to demonstrate this capability (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2010). However, engagement with peer review is not always a positive experience for learners. A negative peer review experience can result in loss of confidence, decreased self-esteem and withdrawal from the learning process (Duers and Brown, 2009; Ecclestone and Pryor, 2003). The aim of this qualitative research study was to explore student nurses' (n=25) conceptions and implementation of peer review and self-assessment; an area that was identified as being under-researched (Rout and Roberts, 2007). Ethical approval was obtained. Adoption of a non-probability, purposive sampling technique permitted selection of participants undertaking a pre-registrat ion nursing programme within a Higher Education institution. Data collection took place on 34 occasions, utilising focus group discussion, practical task and individual interview methods. Data analysis involved the application of six main concepts derived from the theories of the Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky, 1978) and Symbolic Interactionism (Blumer, 1969) to transcribed data. A potential limitation of concept-driven data analysis is its minimising effect on the emergence of new material directly from the data (Tappen, 2011), therefore Miles and Huberman (2004) 3 stage analysis model was also utilised. The study contributes empirical evidence of student nurses' conceptions and implementation of peer review and self-assessment. A new feedback form was created and used by participants during the study; a form created by student nurses for use by student nurses in the future. Recognition of the potential of peer review and self-assessment engagement to influence the development of self-regulatory capability was verbalised by participants during the study.