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Journal articles on the topic 'Fullerene soot'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

M.M., Kasumov. "Structural Changes of C60, C70 Mixture Fullerite at Heating by the Action of Pulsed Laser Beam." Chemistry Research Journal 2, no. 6 (2017): 194–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941977.

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Structural transformations take place in the near-surface layer during the recording of fullerene mass spectrum under the action of laser beam. The changes are associated with the sequential degradation of fullerite on the scheme: crystallites →fullerenes→carbon clusters, soot.

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2

Petrov, D. N., T. B. Chistyakova, and N. A. Charykov. "Program-algorithmic complex for training to control the process of synthesis the fullerene soot." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 3-2 (2013): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68111.

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The paper considers synthesis of the training system which allows to increase the efficiency of training the operators for the processes of nanostructured carbon materials production. There are shown results of the processes of fullerene soot synthesis research. On the basis of these results the model of the reactor of the fullerene soot functioning, structure of the library of the mathematical models were made. There is also developed a software simulator complex for synthesis process of fullerene soot to train operators to control the processes of production of fullerenes.

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3

Zimmerman, Paul A., and David M. Hercules. "Formation and Detection of Fullerene Metal Complexes Using Time-Of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 10 (1993): 1545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934334651.

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We have found that metal/fullerene adduct ions of the C60 and C70 fullerenes can be formed with silver, gold, rhodium, and palladium by argon-ion bombardment of fullerenes deposited on a metal substrate, with the use of a Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (TOF-SIMS). The bis and tris metal/fullerene adducts formed include: Ag(C60)2+, AgC60C70+, Ag(C70)2+, Ag(C60)3+, Ag(C60)2C70+, AgC60(C70)2+, and Rh(C60)2+. In addition, the monomeric adducts AgC60+, AgC70+, AuC60+, AuC70+, RhC60+, RhC70+, and PdC60+ also have been detected. Samples prepared with a raw soot extract gave higher yie

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4

Aimasheva, Zh, D. V. Ismailov, V. F. Grishenko, S. Bellucci, G. Partizan, and T. B. Koshtibayev. "MICRO- AND NANOMICROMATERIALS IN PYROTECHNICS." Herald of the Kazakh-British technical university 21, no. 2 (2024): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-2-229-237.

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Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which play an unrivaled role in enhancing the performance and safety of pyrotechnic substances, carbon nanomaterials have garnered significant interest from researchers in recent years. In this paper, carbon nanostructures prepared by electric arc synthesis are identified as C60 and C70 fullerene carbon blacks. The carbon black particles derived from the synthesized fullerenes exhibit a porous and rough morphology, with sizes ranging from 32 to 190 nm. The experimental results indicate the potential use of synthesized fullerene soot as a co

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5

Keszler, Anna Mária, Éva Kováts, Eszter Bódis, Zoltán Károly, and János Szépvölgyi. "Effect of Metallic and Non-Metallic Additives on the Synthesis of Fullerenes in Thermal Plasma." Condensed Matter 7, no. 3 (2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat7030044.

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The effect of metallic (Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Ti) and non-metallic additives (Si, B) on the formation of fullerenes from graphite powders was studied in radiofrequency (RF) thermal plasma. The main component of the synthesized fullerene mixtures was C60, but higher fullerenes (C70, C82, and C84) could be detected as well. Fe and Cu additives increased the fullerene content in the soot. In contrast, the fullerene formation decreased in the presence of Ti, Si, and B as compared to the synthesis without additives. However, Ti and B addition enhanced the formation of higher fullerenes. We provide experi

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6

Ōsawa, Eiji, Mitsuho Yoshida, and Mitsutaka Fujita. "Shape and Fantasy of Fullerenes." MRS Bulletin 19, no. 11 (1994): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400048387.

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One of the many wonders that fullerenes have brought to us during the past few years is the variety of their shapes. When the elusive C60 finally showed up in 1990, the perfect symmetry and astounding beauty of its molecular structure touched the hearts of scientists before they could consider the molecule's vast technical possibilities. Already much has been said about the unique shape of C60 and its potentialities. C70 and higher fullerenes have simultaneously been found in the same soot that produced C60 and were quickly revealed to be shaped like rugby balls or oblong eggs. Hence we were a

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7

Liu, Z. G., H. Ohi, K. Masuyama, K. Tsuchiya, and M. Umemoto. "Investigation on Structure Transition of Fullerene During Mechanical Alloying and Subsequent Treatments." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 7 (2000): 1528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0219.

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Mechanical milling of fullerene (soot containing C60/C70 fullerenes in a 8:2 molar ratio) was investigated through various characterization methods. It was found that mechanical milling would not destroy the molecular structure of fullerene C60 (C70), while the long-range order of the face-centered-cubic crystalline structure was easily modified and transformed into amorphous phase, a mixture of fullerene C60 (C70) polymers and monomers. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed a recovery of polymers to pristine fullerene molecules at 678 K, which is much higher than the reported de

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8

Zeynalov, E. B., N. S. Allen, M. Ya Magerramova, and A. B. Huseynov. "EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFICACY OF FULLERENE SOOT DOPED BY C60/C70 (85/15) FOR LOW-DENSITY/HIGH PRESSURE POLYETHYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 4 (November 15, 2024): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2024-4-18-26.

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Fullerenes (C60-70) although effective stabilizers-antioxidants for polymeric materials they have not yet found widespread practical application because of their high cost. As such, polymer manufacturers prefer to use classical stabilizers. In order to try to overcome this situation for some useful applications here the evaluation of relatively cheap fullerene soot (FS) doped additionally by C60/C70(85/15) is undertaken. Solution kinetic studies on the inhibition of model cumene oxidation combined with the thermal and mechanical analysis of the FS+C60/C70 integrated in a low-density/high press

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9

Zeynalov, Eldar, Manfred Wagner, Joerg Friedrich, Matanat Magerramova, and Nazilya Salmanova. "Antioxidant Traits of Some Nanocarbon Moieties Integrated in Polymer Materials (a Review)." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4s (2016): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04si.581.

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This review briefly gives the status of worldwide researches in the aspect of an impact of incorporated fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on durability of different polymeric composites under stressful harsh therm-oxidative conditions. It has been inferred that among various nanoparticulates, fullerenes and CNTs are preferable to be used for enhancing thermal and mechanical properties of polymers. Fullerenes C60, C70, fullerene soot and CNTs being integrated in polymer matrix effectively prevent both their thermal and thermoxidative degradation, and photooxidation processes as well.

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10

Mochida, I., M. Egashira, H. Koura, K. Dakeshita, S.-H. Yoon, and Y. Korai. "Carbonization of C60 and C70 Fullerenes to Fullerene Soot." Carbon 33, no. 8 (1995): 1186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(95)91251-2.

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11

Yunusov, Firuz, Tatiana V. Larionova, Oleg Tolochko, and Alexander D. Breki. "Tribological Properties of Al-Based Composites Reinforced with Fullerene Soot." Materials 14, no. 21 (2021): 6438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216438.

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Aluminum-based composite materials reinforced with fullerene soot, which is a mixture of fullerene and amorphous carbon, are promising materials for friction and wear applications. Composite materials: aluminum with 2% fullerene soot (f.s) and Al with 2% f.s and 2% Cu were obtained via mechanical milling followed by hot pressing. The tribological properties (friction and wear) of the listed composites were investigated and compared with the results for pure aluminum obtained under similar conditions. It has been shown that the addition of fullerene soot reduces the friction coefficient by 25%.

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12

Kobykhno, Ilya, Dmytro Honcharenko, Vladimir Yadykin, Oleg Stolyarov, and Oleg Tolochko. "Effect of introduction of fullerene soot on mechanical properties of unidirectional thermoplastic tape." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824504011.

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A series of unidirectional thermoplastic tapes (UD tapes) specimens based on carbon fibers and polyamide filled with fullerene soot in a concentration of up to 4 wt. % was made. From the obtained tapes by the method of hot pressing, composite materials (CM) specimens with 0/0 and 90/90 ply orientations were made. A study of the mechanical properties of the samples obtained by the 3-point bending test was made. Shown that the introduction of fullerene soot up to 2 wt. % can significantly increase the strength and modulus of elasticity of both longitudinal and transverse reinforcement directions

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13

Kobykhno, Ilya, Dmytro Honcharenko, Hong Yu Li, Alexey Leonidovich Steshenkov, Jin Bao Xu, and Vladimir Yadykin. "Friction and Wear Characteristics of UD Thermoplastic Tape Based Nanocomposites with Fullerene Soot." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.215.

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A series of unidirectional thermoplastic tapes (UD tapes) specimens based on carbon fibers and polyamide filled with fullerene soot in a concentration of up to 4 wt. % was made. A study of the tribological properties by the 3 Ball on Plate test and Ring on Plate test and was made. Shown that the introduction of fullerene soot up to 2 wt. % decreases scatter of CoF in both ranges of load and velocity. Also, this concentration decreases wear rate almost 2.5 times compare to unfilled specimen. Mechanism of friction and wear was suggested. The obtained tribological results are well consistent with

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14

Man, Naoki, Yatsuhisa Nagano, Tetsu Kiyobayashi, and Minoru Sakiyama. "Combustion Energy of Fullerene Soot." Journal of Physical Chemistry 99, no. 8 (1995): 2254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100008a004.

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15

Кобыхно, И. А., Ф. А. Юнусов, А. Д. Бреки, О. В. Толочко та А. Г. Кадомцев. "Закономерности трения многоуровневых композиционных материалов, содержащих высокодисперсные частицы фуллереновой сажи". Письма в журнал технической физики 47, № 5 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2021.05.50668.18540.

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The paper presents the results of tribological studies of carbon fiber reinforced polymer filled with fullerene soot nanoparticles. It is shown that the dry friction coefficient of the materials does not change when the fullerene soot concentration increases up to 4wt%, but an increase in the friction force occurs due to the forces of intermolecular attraction, the resultant of which monotonically increases.

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16

Martin, Jacob W., Grant J. McIntosh, Rakesh Arul, Reece N. Oosterbeek, Markus Kraft, and Tilo Söhnel. "Giant fullerene formation through thermal treatment of fullerene soot." Carbon 125 (December 2017): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.09.045.

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17

Zhu, Weizhong, Donald E. Miser, W. Geoffrey Chan, and Mohammad R. Hajaligol. "Characterization of combustion fullerene soot, C60, and mixed fullerene." Carbon 42, no. 8-9 (2004): 1463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.076.

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18

Koltsova, Tatiana, Elizaveta Bobrynina, Aleksei Vozniakovskii, Tatiana Larionova, and Olga Klimova-Korsmik. "Thermal Conductivity of Composite Materials Copper-Fullerene Soot." Materials 15, no. 4 (2022): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041415.

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Copper-based composites strengthened with fullerene soot nanoparticles of 20–30 nm size in concentration up to 23 vol.% were prepared via two methods: mechanical mixing and molecular level mixing. The dependence of thermal conductivity on the carbon concentration was studied. Maxwell’s model describes well the change in the thermal conductivity of the composite obtained by molecular level mixing. However, thermal conductivity of the composite produced by mechanical mixing is significantly lower than the calculated values, due to structural inhomogeneity and residual stresses. Comparison of the

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19

Ospanbekov, E. A., G. Paritzan, D. V. Ismailov, and D. S. Kerimbekov. "PRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS FOR APPLICATION AS ADDITIVES." BULLETIN Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences 70, no. 2 (2020): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7901.29.

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This paper presents the results of the obtained carbon nanostructures by the method of arc synthesis in helium. During the synthesis, the methodology for producing fullerene-containing soot was worked out and the yield of fullerenes was increased by 6% at an optimal current of 180 A and a voltage of 30 V, at a vacuum in the reactor of ~ 0.004 Torr, and helium supply of 0.4 kg / cm2, water temperature of the cooling system ~ 19° C, The obtained nanostructures were subjected to purification by evaporation using a Soxhlet apparatus in 5 cycles. Then the obtained fullerenes C60 and C70 were invest

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20

Usmanov, Ruslan, Dmitriy Chepenko, and Aleksandr Pozdnyakov. "PRODUCTION OF FULLERENE-CONTAINING SOOT BY ELECTRIC ARC METHOD." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2020, no. 1 (2020): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-1-73-74.

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21

Dyachenko, A. A., I. A. Gromov, M. Z. Muradymov, et al. "Furnace ion source with electron ionization for calibrating a spectrometer for precise determination of masses of superheavy elements." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 88, no. 9 (2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2022-88-9-7-15.

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Precise determination of the isotope masses of superheavy elements obtained by the complete fusion of 48Ca+ ions with Au, Pb, Bi, U, and Pu targets can provide valuable information on the mechanisms of nuclear reactions leading to the formation of these elements. A specialized multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer is to be used to match the goal. The source of the target isotopes is a DC-280 cyclotron, a «factory of superheavy elements» at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna, Russia). The point of the problem is that ions of superheavy elements are formed quite rarely e

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22

Liu, Fupin, and Alexey A. Popov. "Capturing Unstable Metallofullerenes." Inorganics 12, no. 2 (2024): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020048.

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Metallofullerenes are interesting molecules with unique structures and physicochemical properties. After they are formed in the arc-discharge process, they are first buried in the carbon soot, which requires solvent extraction to fish them out, normally followed by HPLC separation. In this minireview, we summarize the main procedures developed to obtain pure metallofullerenes, including well-established extraction with conventional fullerene solvents followed by HPLC (procedure (I) as well as several methods developed for isolation and purification of unstable fullerenes insoluble in conventio

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23

Zeynalov, Eldar B., Norman S. Allen, and Nazilya I. Salmanova. "Radical scavenging efficiency of different fullerenes C60–C70 and fullerene soot." Polymer Degradation and Stability 94, no. 8 (2009): 1183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.04.027.

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24

Koltsova, Tatiana S., Valeriia A. Popovkina, Victoria A. Trusova, Elizaveta V. Bobrynina, and Oleg V. Tolochko. "Silver-Matrix Composite with Fullerene Soot Nanoparticles Produced by Electrodeposition." Metals 14, no. 1 (2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14010021.

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The presented work demonstrates the capability of obtaining composite powder, silver-fullerene soot, by the electrolytic deposition of silver from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The morphology of particles was studied as a function of fullerene soot concentration and current density. The microstructure of compact materials obtained by hot pressing was investigated. The hardness of the compact material increased up to 30% and the same corrosion properties relative to pure silver were obtained using a similar technology.

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25

Tsetkova, L. V., V. A. Keskinov, N. A. Charykov, et al. "Extraction of fullerene mixture from fullerene soot with organic solvents." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 81, no. 5 (2011): 920–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363211050136.

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26

Gorelik, O. P., G. A. Dyuzhev, D. V. Novikov, V. M. Oichenko, and G. N. Fursei. "Cluster structure of fullerene-containing soot and C60 fullerene powder." Technical Physics 45, no. 11 (2000): 1489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1325035.

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27

Takahashi, H., K. Tohji, I. Matsuoka, et al. "Extraction and Purification of Dimeric Fullerene Oxides from Fullerene Soot." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 102, no. 28 (1998): 5438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp980576z.

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28

Jozeliūnaitė, Augustina, Domantas Valčeckas, and Edvinas Orentas. "Fullerene soot and a fullerene nanodispersion as recyclable heterogeneous off-the-shelf photocatalysts." RSC Advances 11, no. 7 (2021): 4104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10147h.

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29

Gysel, M., M. Laborde, J. S. Olfert, R. Subramanian, and A. J. Gröhn. "Effective density of Aquadag and fullerene soot black carbon reference materials used for SP2 calibration." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 4 (2011): 4937–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-4937-2011.

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Abstract. The mass and effective density of black carbon (BC) particles generated from aqueous suspensions of Aquadag and fullerene soot was measured and parametrized as a function of their mobility diameter. The measurements were made by two independent research groups by operating a differential mobility analyser (DMA) in series with an aerosol particle mass analyser (APM) or a Couette centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA). Consistent and reproducible results were found in this study for different production lots of Aquadag, indicating that the effective density of these particles is a s

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30

Gysel, M., M. Laborde, J. S. Olfert, R. Subramanian, and A. J. Gröhn. "Effective density of Aquadag and fullerene soot black carbon reference materials used for SP2 calibration." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 12 (2011): 2851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2851-2011.

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Abstract. The mass and effective density of black carbon (BC) particles generated from aqueous suspensions of Aquadag and fullerene soot was measured and parametrized as a function of their mobility diameter. The measurements were made by two independent research groups by operating a differential mobility analyser (DMA) in series with an aerosol particle mass analyser (APM) or a Couette centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA). Consistent and reproducible results were found in this study for different production lots of Aquadag, indicating that the effective density of these particles is a s

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31

Reilly, P. T. A., R. A. Gieray, W. B. Whitten, and J. M. Ramsey. "Fullerene Evolution in Flame-Generated Soot." Journal of the American Chemical Society 122, no. 47 (2000): 11596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja003521v.

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32

Werner, H., M. Wohlers, D. Herein, et al. "Fullerene Black - Soot or Something New?" Fullerene Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (1993): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641229308018363.

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33

Belov, N. N., K. D. Nadezhdin, N. G. Shirina, G. A. Chernaeva, N. S. Kamusheva, and I. V. Sukhov. "The structure of fullerene soot particles." Journal of Aerosol Science 26 (September 1995): S665—S666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(95)97240-f.

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34

Stevenson, Steven. "Fullertube Soot Synthesis and Analysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 14 (2025): 1091. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01141091mtgabs.

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The serendipitous discovery that fullertubes exist in the laboratory setting has generated a wave of excitement within the scientific community. For historical context, fullertube structures were imagined to theoretically exist since the early 1990s, a historic decade that included the Nobel Prize winning fullerenes, followed shortly thereafter with the arrival of carbon nanotubes. Fullertubes' unique molecular architecture consists of a nanotubular region connected to hemispherical fullerene endcaps. The experimental finding that fullertubes actually do exist, and do so as a family of carbon

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35

Laborde, M., M. Schnaiter, C. Linke, et al. "Single Particle Soot Photometer intercomparison at the AIDA chamber." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 3 (2012): 3519–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-3519-2012.

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Abstract. Soot particles, consisting of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), inorganic salts, and trace elements, are emitted into the atmosphere during incomplete combustion. Accurate measurements of atmospheric BC are important as BC particles cause adverse health effects and impact the climate. Unfortunately, the accurate measurement of the properties and mass concentrations of BC particles remains difficult. The Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) can contribute to improving this situation by measuring the mass of refractory BC in individual particles as well as its mixing state. Here

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36

Zeynalov, Eldar B., Minira M. Agaguseynova, and Nazila I. Salmanova. "EFFECT OF NANOCARBON ADDITIVES ON STABILITY OF POLYMER COMPOSITES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 11 (2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206311.6213.

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This review briefly describes a state of research on the effect of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a durability of various polymer composite materials under extreme conditions. Fullerenes C60, C70, fullerene soot and CNTs integrated into the polymer matrix effectively prevent both thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation, as well as photo-oxidation processes. The stabilization mechanism of the carbon nanocompounds (CNC) is likewise and consists of the substantial end-capping termination of oxidation destructive chains on the nanocarbon skeleton. At that, the data array unequivocally

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37

Oyelami, Ayodeji O., and Kirk T. Semple. "The impact of carbon nanomaterials on the development of phenanthrene catabolism in soil." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 7 (2015): 1302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5em00157a.

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38

Mansurov, Z. A. "Complete Scheme for Fullerene, Graphene, and Soot Formation in Flame." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj760.

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Soot formation processes have been studied for more than 100 years, they include empirical and phenomenological description of conversion of various fuels to soot particles. This article provides an overview of current state of soot formation foundations, including the chemistry of soot nucleation, nucleation, mass growth as well as size of soot particles. Consideration of this issue shows that a great progress has been made, but there is still a lot of ambiguity in many areas of our knowledge. This concerns the role of aromatic molecules and radicals in nucleation and subsequent growth mass i

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39

Laborde, M., M. Schnaiter, C. Linke, et al. "Single Particle Soot Photometer intercomparison at the AIDA chamber." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 12 (2012): 3077–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-3077-2012.

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Abstract. Soot particles, consisting of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), inorganic salts, and trace elements, are emitted into the atmosphere during incomplete combustion. Accurate measurements of atmospheric BC are important as BC particles cause adverse health effects and impact the climate. Unfortunately, the accurate measurement of the properties and mass concentrations of BC particles remains difficult. The Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) can contribute to improving this situation by measuring the mass of refractory BC in individual particles as well as its mixing state. Here

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40

Miyazawa, Kun'ichi, Jun-ichi Minato, Tetsuro Yoshii, Masahisa Fujino, and Tadatomo Suga. "Structural characterization of the fullerene nanotubes prepared by the liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation method." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 3 (2005): 688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0091.

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Fine tubular fibers composed of C60 and C70 fullerene molecules were successfully fabricated by the liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation method. The walls of the tubular fibers were crystalline, and the fullerene molecules were densely packed along the growth axis of tube wall. The tubular structures are called “fullerene nanotubes.” The inner diameter and the outer diameter of C70 tubes showed a linear relationship, suggesting a constant wall thickness of the tubes. The tubular structures composed of C70 molecules could be formed when their diameter was larger than about 240 nm. The fuller

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41

Lamouche, Nils, Emmanuel Bourret, Steven Stevenson, and Andrea Bianchi. "Trial By Fire: A Charles Darwin’s Thermal Study of Carbon Fullertube Soot." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 14 (2025): 1093. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01141093mtgabs.

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Historically, the use of increasing temperature to selectively separate/enrich fullerenes and metallofullerenes from carbon soot based on sublimation differences dates back several decades to the early 1990s.[1] For example, thermal studies performed on solvent extract soot were pioneered by Yeretzian and Whetten, whose group successfully developed a crude separation of fullerenes by gradient sublimation.[1] We fast-forward several decades to the year 2020, when the isolation of fullertubes[2] was experimentally achieved via a wet-chemical approach. In that seminal paper, aminopropanol was str

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Rios, Citlalli, Bertha Molina та Roberto Salcedo. "Capture of Fullerenes in Cages and Rings by Forming Metal-π Bond Arene Interactions". Materials 14, № 12 (2021): 3424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123424.

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Nowadays, the task of the selectively capture of fullerene molecules from soot is the subject of several studies. The low solubility of fullerenes represents a drawback when the goal is to purify them and to carry out chemical procedures where they participate. There are different molecules that can act as a kind of cocoon, giving shelter to the fullerene cages in such a way that they can be included in a solution or can be extracted from a mix. In this work, a theoretical study of some known and new proposed organic molecules of this kind is presented. In all cases, the interaction occurs wit

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Anacleto, J. F., R. K. Boyd, S. Pleasance, et al. "Analysis of minor constituents in fullerene soots by LC–MS using a heated pneumatic nebulizer interface with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 10 (1992): 2558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-325.

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The minor constituents of toluene extracts of three fullerene-rich materials have been characterized by on-line LC–MS techniques, incorporating both positive and negative ion mass spectra obtained by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Two of the materials were soots, produced by resistive heating of graphite in an inert atmosphere, from different commercial suppliers. The third material was obtained as a condensate from a controlled laminar flame, and was shown previously (Anacleto etal:, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 6, 214 (1992)) to contain significant quantities of compounds that beh

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Samonin, V. V., M. L. Podvyaznikov, E. A. Spiridonova, and E. D. Khrylova. "Composite sorbents based on depleted fullerene soot." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 47, no. 4 (2013): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579513040155.

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Wang, Junfeng, Timothy B. Onasch, Xinlei Ge, et al. "Observation of Fullerene Soot in Eastern China." Environmental Science & Technology Letters 3, no. 4 (2016): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00044.

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Lee, T. H., N. Yao, T. J. Chen, and W. K. Hsu. "Fullerene-like carbon particles in petrol soot." Carbon 40, no. 12 (2002): 2275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00198-7.

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Yang, Zhan-hong, and Hao-qing Wu. "Electrochemical intercalation of lithium into fullerene soot." Materials Letters 50, no. 2-3 (2001): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(00)00425-0.

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Yunusov, F. A., T. V. Larionova, E. V. Bobrynina, T. J. Ma, and O. V. Tolochko. "Aluminum-based composite reinforced with fullerene soot." Materials Today: Proceedings 30 (2020): 640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.449.

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Scanlon, Joseph C., and Lawrence B. Ebert. "X-ray diffraction study of fullerene soot." Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, no. 28 (1993): 7138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100130a004.

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Yunusov, F., E. Bobrynina, T. J. Ma, et al. "Aluminum-based composite reinforced with fullerene soot." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 337 (November 16, 2019): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/337/1/012085.

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