Academic literature on the topic 'Fumigation. Farm produce'

The purpose of this paper is to explore the business advantages of a company engaged in the field of food through its core competency. This paper provides results of core competency analysis of PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Tbk (JPFA). The research method used a case study that serves to express information in factual, structure, and accurate about the object study. This paper used the information and data obtained from Annual Report of JPFA and related records. This paper identifies a number of core competency factors based on finance performance analysis, business function analysis, and internal analysis & external factor summary (IFAS and EFAS). The based concept of the core competency refers to model that consists of capability, competence, and resource. The results of this paper show the core competency of JPFA in the capability of the company is able to produce products with good quality. In competence, the company is a market leader in its field by being able to dominate the market for animal feed products and DOC, synergy and efficiency in marketing product supported by the distribution network spread throughout Indonesia, and biosecurity such as isolation, fumigation, and farm management to guarantee quality of the product. In the resource, the company has professional and competent human resources. This paper provided managerial impact to company to maintain and develop business profits through its core competency.

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a glucosinolate produced in cruciferous plant species. AITC is known to act as a pesticide on microorganisms, insects, and weeds. Synthetic AITC is registered as a biopesticide for agricultural soil treatment use in the United States and elsewhere in the world. Although a potent pesticide, reports on the weed and pathogen control efficacy of synthetic AITC applied as soil disinfectant are highly variable. Due to the low vapor pressure of AITC, questions remain as to whether pest and weed control efficacy can be improved by combining it with other chemicals. The objective of this study was to assess the control efficacy of AITC stand-alone applications vs. applications, in which AITC was combined with the standard-fumigants chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropicrin, and methyl isothiocyanate. Two shank-applied on-farm field trials were conducted in cut flower [delphinium (Delphinium elatum), ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus)] fields, and two drip tape applied field trials in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) fields in California. Weed pressure, weed seed viability, nematode survival, and pathogen survival of Pythium ultimum, fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), and verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) were assessed. Cumulative yearly yield of marketable fruit was assessed in the strawberry field trials. The results of this study show that the use of AITC as a stand-alone treatment provided no consistent weed or pathogen control efficacy. However, our results also indicate that shank and drip applied multitactic fumigation approaches with AITC can efficiently control soil-borne diseases and weeds. These findings have potential implications, especially in those areas where certain fumigants are restricted due to regulations and/or availability.

Between 1994 and 2015, militarized aerial fumigation was a central component of US-Colombia antidrug policy. Crop duster planes sprayed a concentrated formula of Monsanto’s herbicide, glyphosate, over illicit crops, and also forests, soils, pastures, livestock, watersheds, subsistence food and human bodies. Given that a national peace agreement was signed in 2016 between FARC-EP guerrillas and the state to end Colombia’s over five decades of war, certain government officials are quick to proclaim aerial fumigation of glyphosate an issue of the past. Rural communities, however, file quejas (complaints or grievances) seeking compensation from the state for the ongoing effects of the destruction of their licit agro-forestry. At the interfaces of feminist science and technology studies and anthropology, this article examines how evidentiary claims are mobilized when war deeply politicizes and moralizes technoscientific knowledge production. By ethnographically tracking the grievances filed by small farmers, I reveal the extent to which evidence circulating in zones of war – tree seedlings, subsistence crops, GPS coordinates and bureaucratic documents – retains (or not) the imprints of violence and toxicity. Given the systematic rejection of compensation claims, farmers engage in everyday material practices that attempt to transform chemically degraded ecologies. These everyday actualizations of justice exist both alongside and outside contestation over the geopolitically backed violence of state law. Rather than simply contrasting everyday acts of justice with denunciatory claims made against the state, farmers’ reparative practices produce an evidentiary ecology that holds the state accountable while also ‘ senti-actuando’ (feel-acting) alternative forms of justice.

(1) Background: Spain is the sixth strawberry producer in the world, with about 6500 ha producing more than 350,000 tons, and an annual commercial value about 390 million €. Stunted and dead strawberry plants are frequently associated with plant-parasitic nematodes, but nematode diseases have not been characterized to date in the country. (2) Methods: A poll on the perception of the impact of nematodes on strawberry production was carried out by face-to-face interviews with farm advisors. In addition, nematological field surveys were carried out at the end of the growing season in 2017 and 2018 to determine prevalence and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in strawberry crops. The host suitability to Meloidogyne hapla of seventeen strawberry cultivars and the tolerance limit to M. hapla at progressively higher initial population densities (Pi) were assessed in pot experiments in a growth chamber. Comparison of the relative efficacies of several soil disinfestation methods in controlling nematode populations (M. hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans) was carried out in experimental field trials for twelve consecutive years. (3) Results: Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus penetrans, and Hemicycliophora spp. were the main plant-parasitic nematodes in the strawberry fields in South Spain. Root-knot nematodes were found in 90% of the fields, being M. hapla the most prevalent species (71% of the fields). A tolerance limit of 0.2 M. hapla juveniles per g of soil was estimated for strawberry, and currently cropped strawberry cultivars did not show resistance to M. hapla. Nematode population densities were reduced by more than 70% by soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene, dazomet, dimethyl-disulfide, and methyl iodide. The efficacy of metam-sodium in reducing nematode populations was about 50% and that of chloropicrin, furfural, and sodium-azide, less than 40%. Combination of solarization with organic manures (biosolarization) reduced soil nematode populations by 68–73%. (4) Conclusions: Plant-parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, and Hemicycliophora) are widely distributed in the strawberry fields of Southern Spain. Strawberry is a poor host for M. hapla with a tolerance limit of 0.2 J2 per g of soil, and low population increases in cropping cycles of 7–8 months. Strawberry cultivars show a range of susceptibility and tolerance to M. hapla, but no resistance is found. Nematodes are effectively controlled by chemical fumigation of soils, but soil biosolarization is equally effective, and therefore, can be proposed as a sustainable alternative for pathogen control in strawberry cultivation.

In Western Mexico, melon production depends on high-input systems to maximize yield and product quality. Tillage, plasticulture, fumigation with methyl bromide, and fertigation, are the principal management practices in these systems. However, at present several problems has been found: pests as sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), aphids (Myzus and Aphis), leafminer (Liryomiza sativae); diseases as Fusarium, Verticilium, and Pseudoperenospora, and weeds demand high pesticide utilization and labor. There is a growing demand for alternative cultural practices, with an emphasis on reducing off-farm input labor and chemicals. Our research is based on use of organic mulches, such as: rice straw, mature maize leaves, banana leaves, sugarcane bagasse, coconut leaves, and living mulches with annual legume cover crop in melons with crop rotation, such as: Canavalia, Stilozobium, Crotalaria, and Clitoria species. Also, inoculations with mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi for honeydew and cantaloupe melon seedlings production are been assayed in greenhouse conditions for a transplant system. The use of life barriers with sorghum, marigold, and other aromatic native plants in conjunction with a colored yellow systems traps for monitoring pests is being studied as well. While that the pest control is based in commercial formulations of Beauveria bassiana for biological control. The first results of this research show that the Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae reached 38.5%, 33.5%, 27.0%, and 31.0% of root infection levels, respectively. Honeydew melons production with rice and corn straw mulches shows an beneficial effect with 113.30 and 111.20 kg/plot of 10 m2 compared with bare soil with 100.20 kg. The proposed system likely also lowers production cost and is applicable to small- and large-scale melon production.

Dusun Cihateup sebagai wilayah domestikasi itik Cihateup memiliki potensi sebagai penghasil telur itik yang cukup melimpah. Telur itik di wilayah ini memiliki nilai jual yang relatif murah. Untuk meningkatkan nilai jual telur itik telah dilakukan pengolahan lebih lanjut menjadi telur itik asin. Pengolahan telur menjadi telur asin memiliki nilai jual yang lebih meningkat meskipun tidak signifikan dan daya tahan yang cenderung singkat. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan proses pengasapan pada telur asin sehingga nilai jual telur meningkat dan daya tahan produk semakin bertahan lama. Selain dengan metode pengasapan, penambahan asap cair pada proses pemeraman dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan nilai sensoris dan daya tahan produk telur asin yang semakin lama. Program pengabdian bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh warga dan anggota kelompok ternak yang ada di Dusun Cihateup yaitu rendahnya nilai jual telur itik dan daya tahan telur yang relative singkat. Tujuan khusus pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu meningkatkan nilai jual telur dan menyediakan produk telur itik yang tahan lama melalui metode pengasapan. Kegiatan berlangsung dari Januari sampai Juni 2020 di Dusun Cihateup Desa Sukanagalih Kecamatan Rajapolah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan terdiri atas penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan pada warga, wanita tani dan anggota kelompok ternak “Kelompok Megar Bebek Cihateup”. Hasil program ini yaitu meningkatnya nilai jual dan pendapatan dari penjualan telur asin asap dan terciptanya produk telur asin asap yang memiliki daya tahan yang lebih lama. Pengolahan telur itik yang semakin banyak diduga mampu meningkatkan keuntungan lebih banyak. Kata kunci: Dusun Cihateup, Pengasapan, Telur asin asap, Telur itik ABSTRACT Cihateup Hamlet as an area of ​​domestication of Cihateup ducks has potential as a producer of sufficiently abundant duck eggs. Duck eggs in this region have a relatively cheap sale value. To increase the selling value of duck eggs, further processing has been done into salted duck eggs. Processing eggs into salted eggs has a selling value that is increasing even though it is not significant and the durability tends to be short. Therefore, it is necessary to process the fumigation of salted eggs so that the selling value of eggs increases and the durability of the product lasts longer. In addition to the fogging method, the addition of liquid smoke to the curing process is reported to increase the sensory value and the durability of salted egg products for longer. The service program aims to solve the problems faced by residents and members of livestock groups in the Cihateup hamlet, namely the low selling value of duck eggs and relatively short egg resistance. The specific purpose of this community service is to increase the sale value of eggs and provide long-lasting duck egg products through the smoking method. The activity took place from January to June 2020 in Cihateup Hamlet, Sukanagalih Village, Rajapolah District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The method of carrying out activities consists of counseling, training and mentoring to residents, farm women and members of the livestock group "Kelompok Megar Bebek Cihateup". The results of this program are the increase in sales value and income from the sale of smoked salted eggs and the creation of smoked salted egg products that have longer durability. Processing more and more duck eggs is thought to be able to increase profits more. Keywords: Cihateup hamlet, Fumigation, Smoked salted eggs, Duck eggs

The influence of different deficit irrigations on capsicum crop biometric parameters and fruit yield were assessed in an experiment the variety ‘Indra’ was tested using completely randomized block design with three deficit irrigations (0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 ETC) and 5 replications in polyhouse and 1.0 ETC in open field conditions. The biometric parameters namely plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of days to flowering; number of days to harvesting, number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight and fruit yield are measured. From the results, observed that, average of plant height (91.23 cm), number of leaves (91.3), number of branches (6.9), number of days to flowering (32.7), number of days to harvest (71), fruit number per plant (7), individual fruit weight (75.99 g) and yield (6466.66 t ha-1) parameters found higher in 1.0 ETC (T1), but in case of water productivity (12.4 kg ha-1 mm-1) in the treatment (T2) 0.75 ETC showed superiority. From the results, it is determined that by adopting the 0.75 ETC (T2) we can save the water up to 25%. Aims: The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of deficit irrigation in biometric parameters of capsicum. Study Design: Completely randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Experiment conducted during January to May 2018 at Agriculture farm, College of Agricultural Engineering, Madakasira located in Rayalaseema region. Methodology: Physical and chemical properties of field were found by using standard methods. The experiment was arranged using CRD design with three levels of irrigation and five replications. Fertigation was done with 250:150:150 kg/ha recommended doses of N:P:K to capsicum crop. Based on climatological approach (evapotranspiration basis) the quantity of water applied. All the recommended cultural practices selection of cultivars, nursery raising, land preparation, laying drip lines, fumigation, fertilizer application, transplanting, pruning, training and plant protection measures are removing affected plant parts, flowers, fruits and for thrips and aphids management are dicofol (2 ml/L) and imidacloprid (0.5 ml/l) standardized for polyhouse were followed time to time to ensure a healthy crop stand. Crop water requirement was determined by using AquaCrop model. The parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant and number of branches per plant were recorded at 30, 60, 90, 120 days after transplanting and at harvest. The collected data of different parameters during the course of research were analysed as per the completely randomized design (CRD) by applying the technique of analysis of variance procedure. Results: Among all the treatments, Irrigation with 100% Crop Evapotranspiration (1.0 ETc) (T1) registered the highest plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of days required to harvesting, number of days required to flowering, fruit number, average fruit weight and fruit yield, followed by 0.75 ETc (T2), 0.5 ETc (T3) and open field conditions. This might be due to good soil moisture distribution in drip irrigation compared to the open field. From the observed parameters it is exhibited that drip irrigation 0.75 ETC recorded as the higher water productivity (12.4 kg ha-1 mm-1) followed by drip irrigation scheduled at 1.0 ETC (11.49 kg ha-1 mm-1), 0.5 ETC (11.07 kg ha-1 mm-1) and open field (1.38 kg ha-1 mm-1) recorded very less. Conclusion: By adopting T2 (0.75 ETC) irrigation treatment we can save the water up to 25%, by using saved water additional quantity of vegetables can be produced.