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1
Soares, Priscila Gonçalves. "Práticas corporais e diversão em Juiz de Fora\ MG: o discurso do jornal O Pharol (1876 - 1915)." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2697.
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Esta pesquisa procurou identificar, através do jornal O Pharol, as práticas
corporais e de diversão que fizeram parte do cotidiano da população de Juiz de
Fora/MG entre 1876 e 1915. Este período pode ser analisado como um momento na
história em que a cidade passou por um intenso processo de modernização. Assim,
procuramos apresentar e discutir no capítulo inicial do trabalho, a partir de uma revisão
da literatura, conceitos e sentidos da Modernidade, um período histórico de
transformações velozes, de intenso consumo de mercadorias, de crença no progresso e
na ciência (GIDDENS, 1991). Foi neste contexto que observamos em terras brasileiras,
em cidades como o Rio de Janeiro, o desenvolvimento das práticas corporais e de
diversão, identificadas como símbolos modernos. No segundo capítulo, procuramos
perceber a vulgarização destas práticas através do O Pharol, principal meio de
comunicação da época. A pesquisa neste jornal nos mostrou que: o teatro agradava à
população, que lotava os espetáculos e muito aplaudia as peças apresentadas.
Ressaltamos o caráter moralizador e educativo desta prática; muitas festas foram
realizadas na cidade: carnaval, bailes, festas beneficentes, bandas de música, entre
outras. O circo parece ter sido uma das principais diversões dos juizforanos, menos
rígidos com os imperativos moralizantes que tomavam conta dos teatros. A ginástica
aparece especialmente a partir de 1909; os esportes como corridas a pé, o ciclismo, as
lutas, as touradas e o futebol também estiveram presentes nas páginas do O Pharol,
bem como o cinema, que traz à cena da cidade novas sensações estéticas.
Acreditamos que O Pharol possa ter auxiliado na divulgação destas práticas e
entendemos os silêncios a outras práticas como estratégias de um jogo de
conformação social.<br>This study sought to identify, through the newspaper O Pharol, the physical
exercises and entertainment that were part of the everyday life of population of Juiz de
Fora / MG between 1876 and 1915. This period can be regarded as a moment in the
history in the city went through an intense process of modernization. So, we present and
discuss in the initial chapter of this work, from a review of the literature, concepts and
meanings of modernity, a historic period of fast transformation, of intense consumption
of goods, belief in progress and science (GIDDENS, 1991). In this context we observed
in Brazilian lands, in cities like Rio de Janeiro, the development of physical exercises
and diversion, identified as modern symbols. In the second chapter, we realize the
popularization of these practices through O Pharol, principal medium of communication
at this age. Research at this newspaper showed us that: the theatre please the
population, who crowded the shows and applauded the plays a lot. We emphasize the
moralizing and educational character of this practice; many parties were held in the city:
carnival, dances, fundraisers, bands, among others. The circus seems to have been a
major diversion of Juiz de Fora’s population, who was less rigid with moralizing
imperatives which took care of that theater. The gym appears especially from 1909;
sports like foot races, cycling, fights, bullfights and soccer were also present in the
pages of O Pharol, as well as the cinema, that brings to the city new aesthetic
sensations. We believe that O Pharol may have aided in the dissemination of these
practices and we understand the silences to the other practices as strategies of social
conformation game.
2
Lanz, Andreas, and Viktor Bergman. "exercise-4-fun : Konceptframtagning av motionsfrämjande utrustning." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99477.
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The Master Thesis has been carried out in cooperation with Silva Sweden AB and the objective was to develop a new product concept within the product category for everyday exercise. The purpose of the thesis was to use and analyze methods and tools which aid creativity and concept creation in order to make method recommendations for future projects. During the thesis a number of customer needs were identified, which in turn were translated into 20 concepts. On a concept decision meeting a pedometer-based concept was chosen for development. The new pedometer is in addition to counting steps also able to measure and calculate the user’s total climbed height during a day and present this graphically in comparison to famous monuments or distances. The product is to be compatible with Silva’s interactive exercise community on internet, Silva Connect, where users will be able to change the comparison motives and also accept reality-based scenario challenges. The new pedometer is estimated to increase both motivation and the joy of exercise when compared to an ordinary pedometer, and will at the same time have an extended usage-time thanks to the product’s interchangeable motives. Thanks to experiences obtained during the development project a recommended sequel for the creative methods used in the project was made. Some methods are generally better suited for further development of already existing products while other methods results in more innovative ideas for entirely new products. A conclusion was also made that brainstorming should be used as a main method in future projects, but that a moderator leading the brainstorming should steer the participants into using the other methods spontaneous during the session in order to increase the participants’ creativity. This means that the participants’ knowledge in how to use methods will not limit their ability to be creative.<br>Examensarbetet utfördes i samarbete Silva Sweden AB och hade som mål att utveckla ett nytt produktkoncept inom företagets produktkategori för vardagsmotion. Syftet var att använda och analysera metoder som underlättar kreativitet och konceptskapande för att skapa en rekommenderad arbetsgång inför framtida projekt. Under arbetets gång identifierades ett antal kundbehov gällande vardagsmotionsprodukter, vilka kunde översättas till 20 produktkoncept. På ett konceptetvalsmöte bestämdes det slutligen att vidareutveckla en pedometer som förutom stegräkning även beräknar hur mycket höjd användaren klättrar per dag, vilket sedan redovisas grafiskt och jämförs med kända monument eller avstånd. Produkten ska även vara kompatibel med Silvas interaktiva träningscommunity Silva Connect där pedometerägare ska kunna byta jämförelsemotiv i pedometern samt anta extrema och verklighetsbaserade scenarioutmaningar. Den nya pedometern bedöms öka motivation och underhållningsvärdet i jämförelse med en vanlig pedometer, och får samtidigt en längre användningstid i och med att motiv och utmaningar i pedometern är förnyelsebara. Med hjälp av erfarenheterna från utvecklingsarbetet kunde en rekommenderad metodföljd för framtida projekt tas fram. Det visade sig även baserat på erfarenheter att vissa metoder var bättre lämpade för generering av vidareutvecklingsidéer medan andra metoder gav större utrymme för nytänkande som ger helt nya produkter. En slutsats blev att brainstorming bör användas som huvudmetod men att en moderator som leder metoden bör föra in deltagarna mot att brainstorma enligt andra metoder för att stimulera deltagarnas kreativitet. Detta medför att utövarnas metodkunskap inte behöver begränsa deras kreativa idégenerering.
3
Stevens, Lauren Rene. "Observation and Self-Report of Fun and Social Engagement of Nursing Home Residents During Bingocize®." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3094.
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Individuals in certified nursing facilities (CNF) often experience social isolation and have limited opportunities to exercise. Bingocize®, an evidence-based healthpromotion program, is a combination of exercise and Bingo and provides opportunities for CNF resident interaction. Limited tools are available to quantify social engagement displayed by nursing home residents. Research suggests that intergenerational programming can positively affect social engagement. The present pilot study focused on the implementation of the Fun and Social Engagement (FUSE) evaluation to measure social engagement displayed by nursing home residents during Bingocize® sessions. The FUSE combined observation and self-report measures to yield a total social engagement score. Social engagement data were collected during Bingocize® sessions with university students interacting with residents and without student presence. Participants (M age = 82) included 35 residents from certified nursing facilities in Kentucky that receive funding from the Civil Money Penalty grant by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The purpose of this study was to determine if participants display increased positive social engagement during Bingocize® sessions when students are present versus when they are not, as well as if there is a difference between the participants’ self-report measure of engagement versus the observational report. Data were collected across four Bingocize® sessions, two with intergenerational programming and two without. Paired t-tests were conducted to determine overall participant engagement scores with and without student presence. Because of absenteeism, only two of the comparisons had a sufficient number of participants to analyze the effect of student presence. Comparing scores of the same residents, FUSE scores were higher in sessions with students present versus when students were not (p < .05). A two-sample t-test revealed that residents who reported happiness had higher observational scores than those who reported they were not happy. The results of this pilot study are tentative due to limited number of participants at some of the sessions. Future studies are needed to determine reliability of the FUSE. Nevertheless, this study suggests that the FUSE is a feasible tool for measuring fun and social engagement during Bingocize® and that university students have a positive effect on resident social engagement.
4
Greene, Amanda E. "Waging the War for Fan Attendance: An Analysis of Fan Consumer Behavior at “the Battle at Bristol”." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4953.
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Saul, Lloyd. "The effect of repeat exercise on exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98792.
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Exercise-induced hypoxemia [EIAH, arterial PO2 < 90 mmHg and/or alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure gradient (A-a DO2) ≥ 25 mmHg] occurs during strenuous exercise in some healthy women. There is conflicting opinion if performing successive bouts of strenuous exercise reduces the severity of EIAH. The aim was to (a) test the hypothesis that the severity of EIAH would be reduced with three successive bouts of strenuous exercise, (b) to determine if repeated bouts of exercise increases hyperventilation thus improving arterial PO2. Seven fit female subjects with EIAH [arterial PO2 or PaO2= 88 +/- 2 mmHg, A-a DO 2 = 25 +/- 3 mmHg and 7 fit female control subjects (PaO2 = 100 +/- 5 mmHg, A-a DO2 = 16 +/- 5 mmHg) performed three bouts of intense exercise on a cycle ergometer at 236 +/- 27 watts [oxygen consumption at end of each set = 48 +/- 6 mL/kg/min, or 96 +/- 5% of maximum] for 5 min each with 10 min of rest between sets. Arterial PO 2 increased [EIAH Delta = +4 +/- 5 mmHg. 95% CI = 0.6 to 7.8; Control Delta = +2 +/- 2 mmHg. 95% CI = 0.4 to 3.6] and arterial PCO 2 or PaCO2 decreased [EIAH Delta = -5 +/- 4 mm Hg, 95% CI = -7.4 to -2.2; Control Delta = -4 +/- 2 mmHg, 95% CI = -5.8 to -2.4] between set 1 and set 3 (P< 0.05). Also, 34% of the variance in the change in PaO2, was explained by the variance in the change of PaCO2 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, repeat exercise improves PaO2, which is related to improved hyperventilation.
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Bérubé, Julie. "Étude de particularismes lexicaux dans l'épreuve de rédaction française de l'examen de fin d'études secondaires au Nouveau-Brunswick." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24361/24361.pdf.
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Canady, Andrea. "Eating disorder symptoms and exercise motivations across exercise investment levels among female distance runners." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33879.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of eating disorder symptoms and differences in exercise motivations in female distance runners at various exercise investment levels. One hundred and seven distance runners, aged 19 to 59 years, who run a minimum of five kilometers, three times per week, were asked to complete three questionnaires. The runners across exercise investment levels were not found to differ in Eating Disorder Inventory sub-scale scores. They differed from college women only in exhibiting fewer symptoms on Drive for Thinness (p < .05), Body Dissatisfaction (p < .001), and Interoceptive Awareness (p < .001). Significant differences in the Exercise Orientation Questionnaire sub-scale scores were found between the least and most exercise-invested runners with the latter scoring significantly higher on Exercise Orientation (P < .0001), Identity (p < .004), and Competition (p < .002). It was concluded that while eating disorder symptoms among female distance runners at various investment levels are no different, exercise motivations are different across levels of exercise.
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Shirreffs, Susan Margaret. "Post-exercise rehydration in man." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU550461.
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The experiments of this thesis have confirmed and widened much of the previous knowledge concerning recovery from moderate levels of exercise-induced dehydration. A protocol for inducing sweat loss and monitoring recovery has been established and verified, and a reliable methodology for the collection and analysis of whole body sweat developed. In general, intermittent exercise at an intensity corresponding to 60% 2max was undertaken in a warm (approximately 34°C), humid (60-70% rh) environment. Subjects were dehydrated by approximately 2% of their body mass and rehydrated with a fluid volume equivalent to 3% of their body mass. The composition of the rehydration fluid was determined by the aims of each particular study. By systematically varying the sodium concentration of rehydration fluids, the importance of sodium consumption for the retention of the ingested water was confirmed. However, when the sodium intake was extremely high (206 mmol from consumption of a 100 mmol l-1Na+ drink), fluid balance restoration was achieved at the expense of an excess of sodium retention and an increased potassium excretion. This effect on potassium levels must be considered to be undesirable for anything other than the short term situation. Alcohol consumption in the form of beer is the beverage of choice of many individuals following exercise but is frequently advised against because of the diuretic actions of the alcohol. However, this thesis demonstrates that the diuretic effect of alcohol is substantially blunted when alcohol is consumed following a moderate level of hypohydration induced by exercising in the heat; there appears to be no difference in recovery, in terms of fluid balance, from dehydration whether the rehydration beverage is alcohol-free or contains up to 2% alcohol and sufficient volume is consumed.
9
Taylor, Kathryn L. "Project FFAB (Fun Fast Activity Blasts) : effect of a novel school-based high-intensity interval training intervention on cardiometaolic risk markers and physical activity levels in adolescents." Thesis, Teesside University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/337599.
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Whilst high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity may protect against cardiometabolic risk factor clustering, evidence suggests these outcomes are below optimal in English youths. Adolescence is a key stage in health behaviours development, and thus represents an opportunity for interventions aiming to improve the cardiometabolic health, fitness and activity levels of this population. Recently, there has been growing interest in the efficacy of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) as a time efficient way of improving health and fitness outcomes in adults. Contrastingly, the effects of low-volume HIT in adolescents remains relatively unknown. The first aim of this programme therefore was to develop a novel school-based low-volume HIT intervention. The second was to determine the effectiveness of this model for improving the cardiometabolic health, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels of adolescents. Study one examined adolescents’ views towards high-intensity exercise, and the proposed low-volume HIT intervention. This data was used to design the novel low-volume HIT model. In Study 2, participants’ heart rate and perceived exertion responses to three prototype prescriptions of low-volume HIT, based on boxing, dance and football were examined. Here, it was indicated that these activities were capable of eliciting a high-intensity training response (~90% of maximum heart rate). Study 3 incorporated the main intervention, which examined the effect of a 10-week multi-activity low-volume HIT intervention (named Project FFAB [Fun Fast Activity Blasts]) on various health and fitness outcomes in adolescents. Here, beneficial effects were detected in the intervention participants compared to the controls for triglycerides, waist circumference, lipid accumulation product and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Study 4 assessed the fidelity of the intervention, and found that this had been largely upheld. Collectively therefore, it appears that Project FFAB represents a viable strategy for improving aspects of cardiometabolic health and physical activity levels in adolescents.
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Socha, Teresa L. "The effects of active and passive recovery on blood lactate concentration and exercise performance following intermittent exercise /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59863.
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The effects of differing recovery patterns following intermittent exercise on blood lactate and subsequent performance were examined. Fourteen male subjects completed three randomly assigned experimental protocols. Each protocol consisted of eight 45s-bouts of cycling on a Monark cycle ergometer at 120% of VO$ sb2$ max interposed with five minute recovery periods. Each protocol ended with a maximal performance task consisting of a 45s all-out cycling test. Recovery patterns included passive, cycling (45% of VO$ sb2$ max), and arm cranking (45% of VO$ sb2$ max). Results revealed similar blood lactate concentrations in the passive and arm cranking conditions but significantly lower (p $<$.05) levels in the cycling condition. Mean power outputs measured from the performance task were significantly higher (p $<$.05) in the cycling and arm cranking recovery conditions. The correlation between blood lactate levels and mean power output was low (r = $-$0.28), suggesting that other factors were influencing subsequent performance.
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OLIVEIRA, Joyce Mattos de. "Fun??o tireoidea em ratos machos e f?meas submetidos ao exerc?cio isom?trico e a priva??o de sono paradoxal." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1326.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-31<br>CAPES<br>Modern life has diminished the sleep time for the majority of the population, and the consequences of this reduction have been studied both in humans and animal models. In spite of this, only a few studies elucidate the effect sleep deprivation has on the thyroid function, as well as studies on any role exercise might have in the prevention of such alterations. The objective of this study is to assess the protective effect of the strength exercise on the thyroid function in rats that went through paradoxical sleep deprivation for 24 and 96 hours, as well as a rebound sleep for 24 hours. For this study male and female Wistar rats were used (200-250g), submitted to sleep deprivation using the modified multiple platforms, and the isometric exercise was offered by the inverted box proposed by Lac & Cavalie (1999). The animals were distributed in 6 groups: Control (C, males n=8, females = 13); Trained (T, males n=8; females n=13), Trained, with Sleep Deprivation of the paradoxical sleep for 24 and 96 hours (respectively TPSP24 e TPSP96 males n=10; females n=13); Trained with Sleep Deprivation for 24 and 96 hours, plus a rebound sleep for 24 hours (TPSP24R e TPSP96R males n=10; females n=13). All animals went through and adaptation to the strength exercise for 5 days, enduring 5 series of 30 seconds of strength with rest periods of 25 seconds between each series. After adaptation, an extra weight was added to the animal's tail. All animals were killed on the same day and their blood was collected for analysis of T3 (ng/dL), T4 (ug/dL), e TSH (ng/mL) using the radioimmunoassay technique. Ethics committee approval was granted by number UFRRJ N?003/2015. After the statistical analysis we observed a significant body weight loss, both in females and males, and a relative loss in hypophysis weight in males from group T. On the other hand, the relative weight of the adrenal was reduced in the T group of males, and increased in both the T and TP24 groups of females. In males, seric TSH levels have risen with the exercise, normalizing after the deprivation of 24 and 96 hours, and the rebound in the PS96 group. The PSP was able to induce a raise in the T3 level in the groups TP24 and TP96 in males ? no significant alterations were observed in females. As for the seric T4 in males, there was no alteration, although in females the 24 hours PSP was able to rise those values. This study indicates a protective effect by the isometric exercise, preventing TSH and seric T4 and T3 alterations induced by deprivation of the paradoxical sleep. As such more studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms involved in such protection<br>A vida moderna tem diminu?do o tempo de sono da maioria da popula??o e as consequ?ncias dessa redu??o t?m sido estudadas em humanos e modelos animais. J? o papel da tire?ide na priva??o de sono associada com exerc?cios de for?a n?o est? bem estabelecido, pois n?o tem sido estudado. Este estudo, no entanto, tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito protetor do exerc?cio de for?a sobre a fun??o tireoidiana em ratos ap?s a priva??o de sono paradoxal (PSP) por 24 e 96 horas assim como o sono rebote de 24 horas. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho, foram utilizados ratos machos e f?meas Wistar (200-250g) submetidos a priva??o de sono pela metodologia das plataformas m?ltiplas modificadas e o exerc?cio isom?trico foi feito pela metodologia da caixa invertida proposta por Lac & Cavalie (1999). Os animais machos foram distribu?dos em 6 grupos: Controle (C n=8 machos; f?meas, n=13); Treinado (T=8 machos; f?meas, n=13); Treinado com Priva??o de sono paradoxal por 24 horas e 96 horas (TPSP24 e TPSP96 n=10, machos; f?meas, n=13); Treinado com Priva??o de sono paradoxal por 24 horas e 96 horas mais per?odo de sono rebote por 24 horas (TPSP24R e TPSP96R n=10, machos; f?meas, n=13). Os animais foram adaptados ao exerc?cio de for?a por 5 dias, onde era constitu?do por 5 s?ries de 30 segundos de for?a com intervalos de descanso por 25 segundos entre as s?ries. Ap?s a adapta??o, foi adicionado um peso extra na cauda desses animais. Todos os animais foram eutanasiados no mesmo dia, o sangue coletado para an?lise de T3 ng/dL, T4 ?g/dL, e TSH ng/mL pela t?cnica de Radioimunoensaio. Aprova??o pelo comit? de ?tica da UFRRJ N?003/2015. Ap?s an?lise, observamos perda do peso corporal tanto nas f?meas quanto nos machos e uma diminui??o no peso relativo da hip?fise apenas nos machos do grupo T. Por outro lado, o peso relativo da adrenal se manteve reduzido no grupo T dos machos e aumentado no grupo T e TP24 das f?meas. Os n?veis s?ricos de TSH nos machos aumentaram com o exerc?cio nos grupos T, normalizando com a priva??o de 24 horas e retornando ao aumento no grupo TP24R. A PSP foi capaz de provocar um aumento nos n?veis de T3 nos grupos TP24 e TP96 dos machos, e nas f?meas n?o foi observado altera??es significativas. Quanto aos valores de T4 nos machos, n?o foi constatado altera??es significativas e nas f?meas a PSP foi capaz de elevar tais valores. Sugerimos que o exerc?cio de for?a esteja contribuindo para a prote??o dos impactos agressivos causados pela priva??o de sono paradoxal na fisiologia end?crina tanto em machos quanto em f?meas.
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Kim, Do Jun 1974. "Responsive measures to short-term prehabilitation in surgical patients." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84047.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the most responsive measure of aerobic fitness over a four week pre-surgical aerobic training program (prehabilitation) in patients undergoing major bowel resection. Twenty one subjects (14 in exercise, 7 in control) participated. Fourteen subjects underwent 26.5 +/- 8.6 days of progressive aerobic exercise training at 40 to 65% of heart rate reserve (%HRR). The results showed that peak power output was the only maximal measure that responded to training as it improved by 26 +/- 27% (ES = 0.24, SRM = 1.05) in the exercise group (p < 0.05) compared to no change in the control group. For the submaximal measures, 6-Minute Walking Test improved in both group. Submaximal V·O2 (V·O2submax) and Submaximal Heart Rate (HR submax) were the most responsive to training as they decreased by 13 +/- 15% (ES = -0.24, SRM = -0.57) and 7 +/- 6% (ES = -0.40, SRM = -0.97) at 76 +/- 47 W compared to no change in the control group.
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Brown, Annette I. "Functional adaptation to exercise in elderly subjects." Curtin University of Technology, School of Physiotherapy, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12562.
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Maintenance of physical function with advancing age is vital to continued independent living, which is highly valued by older people. Although commonly associated with the ageing process, loss of functional ability may well be accelerated by inactivity and subsequent decreasing physical capacities, such as muscle performance or balance abilities. The impact of increased levels of activity on physical performance and functional ability was investigated by a single blind randomised controlled study.Two intervention programs, one based on increased levels of physical activity and the second on increased levels of social activity, were provided to a group of community-living participants aged 75 years and over. Another group, receiving no intervention was also included. The exercise intervention offered twice weekly sessions of exercise over a 16-week period. This was designed and supervised by physiotherapists. The social intervention offered a weekly, two-hour session over 13 weeks. Baseline, post-intervention and follow-up assessments measured aspects of physical performance (muscle, balance, gait and step height performance) and functional ability (tiredness of limbs, mobility tiredness and the need for assistance with mobility and activities of daily living). In addition, all participants completed a monthly health and falls report. One hundred and forty-nine subjects were admitted into the study with 108 completing the intervention phase and all four assessments.Analysis of data indicated that the exercise intervention was effective in improving muscle performance (shoulder abduction mean difference 13.00, 95%CI 11.63-14.37; hip abduction mean difference 5.97, 95%CI 4.73-7.20; knee flexion mean difference 4.10, 95%CI 3.32-4.88; dorsiflexion mean difference 4.72, 95%CI 3.74-5.71), dynamic balance ability (Functional Reach mean difference 11.45, 95%CI 9.41-13.48), ++<br>maximal gait speed (mean difference 0.62, 95%CI 0.50-0.74) and step height performance (mean difference 0.19, 95%CI 0.01-0.29). Improvements in dynamic balance and maximal walk performance were maintained for a period of four months following cessation of the intervention. The social program did not affect aspects of physical performance.Functional improvements were evident for both exercise and social subjects. Immediate improvements in limb tiredness (upper mean difference 0.37, 95%CI -0.11-0.84; lower mean difference 0.63, 95%CI 0.37-0.89) and mobility tiredness (mean difference 1.43, 95%CI 1.16-1.70) and activities of daily living dependence (mean difference 0.25, 95%CI -0.23-0.75) were demonstrated. Four and eight months later, exercise subjects had maintained the improvement in mobility tiredness and activities of daily living dependence. Mobility dependence showed a delayed improvement in both the exercise and social intervention participants. This improvement was not evident immediately following intervention, but emerged at both the four and eight month follow-up assessments.An intention to treat analysis (involving both completing and non-completing subjects) confirmed the usefulness of the exercise intervention as a strategy to improve and maintain functional ability in older subjects, specifically with regard to tiredness of the lower limbs, tiredness during mobility tasks and activities of daily living dependence. In addition, following the cessation of the exercise intervention, participants reported less mobility tiredness and dependence in activities of daily living tasks over the following eight-month period.The relationship between physical performance and functional ability indicated that muscle performance and limb tiredness were significantly associated. Decreased muscle performance of the upper limb was associated with reports of increased ++<br>tiredness during functional activities involving the upper limb, such as combing hair and dressing the upper body. Similarly, decreased muscle performance of the lower limb, especially proximally, was associated with increasing tiredness of the lower limb during functional activities. Further, decreased proximal muscle performance of both the upper and lower limb was significantly associated with decreasing independence in the performance of physical activities of daily living. These results indicate the significant influence of muscle performance on functional ability, especially on tiredness of the limbs and activities of daily living dependence.The ability to predict future functional limitation, based on decreasing physical performance, was examined and shown to be of limited value. Hip muscle performance and changes in usual gait speed were poorly associated with increased lower limb tiredness and dependence in physical activities of daily living respectively. The lack of a robust relationship between variables of physical performance and functional ability measures indicates that loss of physical performance is not strongly associated with the development of functional limitations.Self-reported falls were monitored throughout the study. A significant increase in the number of participants reporting falls was evident in both the social intervention group and the control group throughout the study. In contrast, there was no change in the number of exercise participants reporting falls. These results suggest that the exercise intervention was effective at minimising the usual increase in the number of older people experiencing falls over time.The results of this study suggest that the exercise intervention program was effective in improving physical performance in elderly subjects. This also resulted in improved functional ability. Positive effects continued ++<br>following completion of the program as improvements in mobility and activities of daily living tasks were demonstrated for a further eight months. By contrast, the social intervention program appeared to influence only the need for help with mobility tasks in the longer term.Increased physical activity, in the form of an exercise intervention program, specifically designed for community-living elderly people, can improve and maintain functional ability, both immediately and for up to eight months following the completion of the program. As such, involvement in exercise, even in the short-term, should be encouraged as a means of maintaining physical independence in later life. Therapists devising exercise programs specifically for older people should ensure that the associated outcome measures incorporate assessments of functional ability and not simply measures of impairment. This study has demonstrated that a real benefit of increased physical activity in older people may well be the increased physical independence associated with participation.
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Xu, Fan 1960. "Effect of prolonged exercise on running economy." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68149.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged exercise on running economy. Fourteen male long distance runners performed two 90 minute runs on an outdoor 400m track at velocities equal to 65 and 80% of VO$ sb2$max. Prior to and following each 90 minute run, running economy (RE) was measured as the steady-state VO$ sb2$ during treadmill runs at speeds of 188 and 228 m/min. During the 90-min run at 65% of VO$ sb2$max, the mean weight loss was 1.3 kg. The HR was 143 bpm between minutes 5-10 and increased to 150 bpm between minutes 85-90. During the 90-min run at 80% of VO$ sb2$max, the mean weight loss was 1.4 kg. The HR was 161 bpm between minutes 5-10 and increased to 165 bpm between minutes 85-90. When the post RE test was conducted following each 90-min run, there was a significant increase in VO$ sb2$ expressed in both l/min and ml/kg$ cdot$min (a decrease in running economy). The increase in oxygen cost of running following the 90-min run at 80% of VO$ sb2$max was greater than that following the run at 65% of VO$ sb2$max.
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Jones, Charles W., Kevin K. Byon, and Haiyan Hung. "Service Quality, Perceived Value, and Fan Engagement: Case of Shanghai Formula One Racing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5565.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of controllable service quality factors as firm-based antecedents to two dimensions of customer engagement behavior among Formula One racing spectators. This study uses the theory of customer engagement (van Doorn et al., 2010) as a guiding framework and applies Bettencourt’s (1997) model of customer voluntary performance (CVP) to examine how perceptions of ancillary services and value can prompt management cooperation and prosocial behavior among spectators of a recurring mega sport event. Findings suggest that spectator interactions with event personnel and the physical environment can positively impact consumer perceptions of value and lead to greater fan engagement. Event organizers should focus management and marketing efforts on the utilitarian value (price/value for money) associated with attending a mega event and promote physical environment factors that can enhance the overall event experience.
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Poznanski, Bernard G. "The extraterritorial exercise of jurisdiction in securities regulation /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66040.
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Maroun, Martin J. "Physical conditioning and nitric oxide production during exercise." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35219.
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Nitric Oxide (NO) has been detected in the expiratory air of normal animals and human subjects. Recent experiments revealed that expiratory NO production rises during exercise and correlates well with O$ sb2$ consumption and heart rate. Whether or not physical conditioning influences expiratory NO output production remains unclear. In this study, NO concentration in expired gas was measured in 18 healthy male volunteers subdivided into 3 groups (sedentary, intermediate, athletes) based on their state of physical conditioning. Measurements were taken at rest and during two steady-state exercise bouts on a bicycle ergometer designed to elicit VO$ sb2$ of 1 and 2 1/min with the athletes performing an additional bout at VO$ sb2$ of 4 1/min. In the sedentary and intermediate groups, expired NO concentrations declined significantly with increasing VO$ sb2.$ In contrast, expired NO levels declined only slightly with increasing VO$ sb2$ in athletes. At a VO$ sb2$ of 2 1/min, expired NO concentrations were significantly higher in athletes compared with the other groups. When correlated with V$ rm sb{E},$ expired NO concentrations declined linearly with the increase in $ rm V sb{E}$ in sedentary and intermediate groups but not in the athletes. Only the athletes had a significant linear increase in NO output (expired NO x V$ rm sb{E})$ with increasing VO$ sb2$ (p $<$ 0.001). These results support the notion that physical conditioning increases expiratory NO output during exercise. We speculate that the rise in expiratory NO output in athletes might be due to increased vascular and/or epithelial production of NO. Enhanced vascular NO production may be the result of increased shear stress and/or upregulation of endothelial NO synthase gene expression.
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Ladouceur, Ginette. "A comparison of peak VO2, EPOC and lactate concentration on three tests of anaerobic endurance /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64026.
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Nybo, Lars. "Cerebral pertubations provoked by prolonged exercise /." Copenhagen : [Lars Nybo], 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012885495&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Tamba, Marie. "Technological change and sustainable energy policies : modelling exercises for Scotland and the UK." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24369.
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Amid growing environmental concerns, the UK energy sector faces considerable challenges in order to comply with national and regional commitments to decarbonisation. In light of these challenges, the government has implemented a number of policies aimed at ensuring sustainability in the UK energy sector (both in terms of environmental impact and security of supply), while ensuring that the reforms and changes to the sector are achieved at the lowest costs to consumers. Innovation in energy technologies are expected to play a large role in reaching this sustainability objective. The focus of this thesis is to explore the economic and environmental impacts of two UK sustainable energy policies, while considering the role that technological innovation might play in delivering on these objectives. The thesis is divided in two parts; each focusing on the system-wide economic impact of a specific energy policy instrument, in presence of technological change. Part A focuses on the supply side of the electricity sector. It explores the impact of introducing targeted subsidies in a renewable energy sector in Scotland, in presence of endogenous learning-by-doing effects. The literature review highlights the growing awareness in the role of technological change in energy policy. Correspondingly, system-wide energy-economy-environment models used to analyse these policies have increasingly introduced endogenous technological change as a major design feature, whether it is induced through R&D spending or learning effects. Because the latter is the most commonly adopted, it is the focus of the modelling exercise in Part A. A number of alternative specifications of learning-by-doing are identified in the literature and are explored first through micro-simulations. Then, in a CGE model for Scotland, learning-by-doing is introduced in the presence of a production subsidy in the marine energy sector. As the subsidy stimulates the marine electricity generation sector through costs reductions in production, electricity generation from other sources is displaced and the Scottish economy experiences a small expansion. The presence of learning effects is found to accentuate the stimulus from the subsidy. Indeed the costs of marine generation are further reduced as the sector expands. The choice of assumptions to represent endogenous learning-by-doing is found to matter greatly for the speed and paths of adjustments. In particular, the use of an (3)4z(Beconomic(3)4y (Bfunctional form (inspired by endogenous growth theory and originating in the top-down modelling literature) to represent learning is favoured in the model, but only when negative returns-to-knowledge are imposed. Part B focuses on the demand side of the energy system and more specifically on households. It examines the economy-wide rebound effects from efficiency gains as a side effect of a one-off energy innovation at UK level: the roll-out of smart electricity meters. First, the household and total rebounds in electricity use in the UK are calculated using an Input-Output model, where reductions in household electricity expenditures are redistributed to other consumption goods. Results show that total rebound is generally smaller than household rebound, reflecting a negative indirect rebound from reductions in the industrial use of electricity. This is due to the relative electricity intensity of electricity compared to other sectors. A disaggregation of the electricity sector into network and generation activities reduces the indirect rebound, and thus the gap in household and total rebound and confirms the strong backwards linkages in electricity activities. The analysis is extended to a CGE model incorporating endogenous prices and incomes. The same efficiency gain is simulated and its system-wide economic and environmental impacts (CO2 emissions) are established. Using findings from the econometric literature on household energy demand, several simulations are conducted to explore rebound effects with alternative consumption structures, where households have different substitution possibilities between electricity and gas. Increased substitution between fuels increases the household electricity rebound (as households substitute more efficient electricity for gas) and turn total rebound; leading to the extreme case of backfire, but accompanied by the largest CO2 emissions reductions. CGE results persistently show a smaller total rebound than household rebound, (similarly to the IO results) suggesting that the reduction in total UK electricity use could be larger than the reduction in household consumption estimated by the policy-makers, by considering economy-wide effects. Overall, the results of the modelling exercises of this thesis confirm the crucial role of technological change in achieving the goals of sustainability in energy policies, while providing insights on the assumptions for the analysis and modelling of these policies in an economy-wide framework.
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Burke, Susan P. (Susan Patricia). "Dyspnea and the mechanics of breathing during progressive exercise." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=57002.
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This study investigates dyspnea and the mechanics of breathing during progressive exercise. Three subject groups, athletes, normal sedentary subjects and chronic obstructive diseased patients were studied during progressive exercise testing to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Subjects rated dyspnea on a Borg Scale. Inspiratory flow, esophageal/gastric pressures and rib cage/abdominal displacements were measured.<br>Subjects demonstrated two patterns of dyspnea response to changes in esophageal (pleural) pressure. All athletes, two normals and five patients were termed "low dyspnea responders", (LDR), whereas the remaining subjects were termed "high dyspnea responders", (HDR).<br>LDR demonstrated large, rapid negative gastric pressure swings, coupled with outward abdominal displacement during early inspiration when compared to HDR, suggesting that LDR utilized abdominal muscle relaxation at the onset of inspiration. This mechanism appears to provide an extra inspiratory force, contributing to the increasing pleural pressures required. This breathing pattern appears to diminish the sensation of dyspnea at a given pleural pressure.
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Beaulac, Robert A. "Information processing as a function of exercise-induced activation." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66204.
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Armbrust, Kirsten. "Social worker burnout : the effects of exercise and nutrition." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99160.
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This study explores the role of exercise and nutrition in burnout rates of social workers. Through convenience and snowball sampling 100 workers were asked to complete a questionnaire, with 82 returned. Burnout was assessed on three subscales, Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP) and Personal Accomplishment (PA), using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The exercise questions were adapted from Canada's Physical Activity Guide of Healthy Living. The nutrition questions were adapted from Healthy Eating Worksheet from the Canadian Cancer Society. Those employed in child welfare had significantly higher levels of EE and DP and significantly lower levels of PA. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that higher exercise scores were significantly related to lower levels of EE. Higher nutrition scores were significantly related to lower levels of EE, and DP, and higher levels of PA. These effects were found even when setting was controlled for.
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Wilson, Wendy M. "Serotonin : a possible central mechanism of fatigue during exercise." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU068453.
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It has been well-documented that carbohydrate supplementation during exercise improves cycling and running performance and may alter brain serotonin concentration at rest. In addition it was found that carbohydrate supplementation attenuates the rise in plasma free tryptophan and ratio of tryptophan to the branched chain amino acids during constant pace running at a moderate intensity. This did not, however, occur during prolonged running of varying high, moderate and low intensities. It is possible that carbohydrate supplementation may therefore not only alter metabolic fuel selection during exercise but also the concentration of brain tryptophan. The previous chapters shave shown that manipulation of the plasma tryptophan to branched chain amino acid ratio is possible both before and during exercise. The possible link between this ratio and performance is, however, complicated by peripheral changes in substrate supply brought about by such dietary manipulation. The experimental design of the next chapter used a more specific central agent, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, to increase synaptosomal serotonin activity. The reduction of exercise performance following the ingestion of this pharmacological agent suggested that brain serotonin activity is a probable central mechanism of fatigue during prolonged exercise in man. Although brain serotonin turnover has been reported to increase during exercise, these results have been obtained from measurement of the brain tissue levels of serotonin from rats that are forced to exercise. The use of the microdialysis technique allowed continuous measurement of serotonin release during exercise to be performed in the final experiment chapter of this thesis. It was found that exercise may increase brain serotonin release but that this is related to the ability of the animal to exercise.
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Germain, Geneviève. "Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on exercise-induced muscle injury." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29504.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of HBO2 therapy on exercise-induced muscle damage. Subjects (n = 16 university student volunteers) were randomly divided into an experimental group that received HBO2 therapy and a control group that did not receive any treatments. HBO2 treatments consisted of 5 sessions of breathing 95% oxygen at 2.5 atm abs for 100 min. Temporary muscle soreness was created using a single-leg eccentric exercise task involving the quadriceps femoris. Over the next 14 days, measurements were obtained on muscle soreness, leg circumference, quadriceps peak torque, quadriceps average power, fatigue and plasma creative kinase. After eccentric exercise, plasma CK levels and perceived muscle soreness were elevated but were not different between HBO2 and control groups. HBO2 therapy did not alter leg circumference, quadriceps peak torque, average power or fatigue compared to the control group. The data indicated that five HBO2 treatments did not speed recovery following eccentric exercise that induced temporary muscle damage.
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Asano, Miho. "Promoting exercise and physical activity among persons with multiple sclerosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97039.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive neurological disease afflicting mostly young adults in North America, predominantly women. MS has little effect on life span but significant effect on quality of life. Despite the known benefits of exercise, evidence shows that persons with chronic disabling conditions such as MS are less physically active. Considering this, a deeper understanding of persons with MS and their exercise engagements and concerns is a crucial first step. The first part of this thesis presents existing evidence and methodological issues associated with randomized controlled trials estimating the effects of exercise interventions among persons with MS. The second part identifies current exercise engagement, preferences, and barriers of 417 community-dwelling ambulatory persons with MS. A subset of this group participated in the semi-structured interviews and provided their feedback on the design of an exercise approach. This information was used to design the next phase of the project - a pilot randomized controlled study trial evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of the Multiple Sclerosis Tailored Exercise Program (MSTEP). The development of MSTEP is also demonstrated in the third part of the thesis. The fourth and last part presents two cases from people completing all phases of the MSTEP protocol. The results of the studies show that exercise preferences and barriers may be associated with one's decision to be physically active or inactive. The available data from the on-going pilot study of the MSTEP presents evidence supporting its feasibility (and some level of efficacy) from both the participants' and the scientific point of view. Furthermore, the favorable nature of the qualitative information obtained from the participants as well as the absence of reported injuries, accidents, or extreme fatigue due to exercise, both amplify our confidence in the MSTEP and its ability to promote active living and good health in this community.<br>La sclérose en plaques (SP) est une maladie neurologique progressive qui afflige principalement les jeunes adultes en Amérique du Nord et majoritairement les femmes. La SP a peu d'effet sur la durée de vie, mais a un effet significatif sur la qualité de vie. Bien que les bénéfices de l'exercice soient connus, il a été démontré que les personnes atteintes d'une maladie chronique, telle que la SP, sont physiquement moins actives. Considérant ces faits, une compréhension profonde des personnes atteintes de SP, de leur engagement face à l'exercice et de leur préoccupation représente une première étape cruciale. La première partie de cette thèse présente les preuves existantes ainsi que les problèmes méthodologiques associés aux études contrôlées randomisées qui mesurent l'effet des interventions impliquant l'exercice chez les personnes atteintes de SP. La seconde partie identifie les engagements actuels face à l'exercice, les préférences ainsi que les barrières de 417 personnes atteinte de SP vivant dans la communauté ambulatoire. Un sous-groupe de cette population a participé à des entrevues semi-structurées et ont donné leur avis sur l'élaboration d'un programme d'exercices. Cette information a été utilisée pour le développement de la phase suivante de ce projet – un projet pilot contrôlé randomisé évaluant la faisabilité et l'efficacité d'un programme d'exercices personnalisés pour la SP (« Multiple Sclerosis Tailored Exercise Program (MSTEP) ». Le développement du MSTEP est aussi démontré dans la troisième partie de cette thèse. La quatrième et dernière section présente le cas de deux participants ayant complété toutes les phases du programme MSTEP. Les résultats des études démontrent que les préférences ainsi que les barrières de l'exercice peuvent être associées avec la décision de chacun d'être physiquement actif ou non. Les données disponibles sur l'étude pilote en cours portant sur le MSTEP présentent des résultats supportant sa faisabilité (et un certain niveau d'efficacité) tant sur le point de vue des participants que celui scientifique. De plus, la nature favorable des informations qualitatives recueillies de la part des participants ainsi que l'absence de blessures rapportées, d'accidents ou d'extrême fatigue dû à l'exercice, amplifient notre confiance dans le MSTEP et sa capacité de promouvoir une vie active et une bonne santé dans cette population.
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Kuspinar, Ayse. "Predictors and health impact of exercise capacity in multiple sclerosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66825.
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with an unpredictable course that impacts significantly on physical performance. Exercise or fitness has become an essential part of management and health promotion for persons with MS. The gold standard measure of exercise capacity (VO2peak) is the maximal exercise test, a graded test that involves an increase in workload until exhaustion is reached. Although this test is the most accurate measure of exercise capacity, it is not clinically useful. Therefore, the main objective of this cross-sectional study is to estimate the extent to which exercise capacity can be predicted by sub-maximal tests in persons with MS. By using data from several functional sub-maximal tests, a regression equation was formulated to estimate the exercise capacity of persons with MS. The results indicated that the modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (mCAFT), grip strength and body weight explained 74% of the variability in VO2peak. Furthermore, MS literature has shown that health-related quality of life (HRQL) is greatly reduced in MS, as it impacts health perception and capacity to perform daily activities. Therefore, improving HRQL has become an important goal of all health care interventions. It is essential to evaluate and understand patients' own perceptions of the impact of symptoms on their overall health status and their well-being. Thus, the objective of the second manuscript was to estimate the extent to which physical capacity predicts perceived health status in persons with MS. Using multiple linear regression the following variables: sex, vitality, pain, smoking status, walking capacity, social functioning and cognition emerged as significant predictors of the outcome explaining approximately 50% of perceived health status. Significant interaction terms between sex and pain, as well as between sex and vitality were found, indicating that the contributions to perceive<br>La sclérose en plaques (SP) est une maladie chronique avec un parcours imprévisible ayant un impact significatif sur la performance physique. L'exercice physique est à présent une partie essentielle de la prise en charge et la promotion de la santé pour les personnes atteintes de SP. La mesure la plus élévée de capacité d'exercice est le test d'exercice maximal, étant un test à échelle qui implique une évolution des charges de travail jusqu'à ce que l'exténuation soit atteinte. Malgré que ce test demeure la mesure la plus precise d'évaluation de capacité d'exercice, il n'est cependant pas cliniquement utile. Par consequent, l'objectif principal de cette étude est d'estimer l'étendue à laquelle la capacité d'exercice peut être predite et ce avec un test sub-maximal sur une personne atteinte de SP. En utililsant l'information puisée de multiple test sub-maximal fonctionnel, une équation régressive peut être formulée pour estimer la capacité d'exercice du patient atteint de SP. Les résultats indiquent que les tests d'aptitude aérobique canadien modifié et de force de préhension ainsi que la masse corporelle explique 74% de la variation du VO2 peak. D'autant plus, le littérature sur la SP a démontrée que la qualité de vie relative à la santé (QVRS) est immensement réduite dû à la SP car cela a un impact direct sur la perception de la santé et la capacité de performer des activités quotidiennes. Donc, l'amelioration de la QVRS est devenue un but primordial dans toutes les interventions relatives aux soins de santé. Il est essentiel d'evaluer et comprendre comment le patient perçoit l'impact des symptomes sur son statut de santé général et son bien-être. Ainsi, l'objectif du second manuscrit est d'estimer l'étendue à laquelle la capacité d'exercice prédit la perception du statut de santé chez une personne atteinte de SP. L'utilisation de multiples variabl
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Richard, Rhonda J. "Functions of grade-six students' evaluations and goals as they revise their writing." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34769.
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This research examined how sixth-grade students utilized evaluations and goals while revising their texts, to determine if those students who were identified as better writers also had more success when revising, and if specific types or configurations of operations lead to more successful revision. A coding system was developed to identify evaluations and goals according to the functions that they served during revision. Evaluations were categorized as either acceptance or rejection evaluations, depending on their judgment of the text. Goals were categorized as text strategy or guidance goals, depending on whether they instituted a specific strategy to counter a perceived problem in the text, or instituted a procedure or action that constituted management of the revision task.<br>Think-aloud protocols and drafts of compositions provided a trace of students' revision activity. Identification of evaluations and goals by the functions that they served during revision provided a method for monitoring the connection between the process students used in revising and the product (if any) that resulted. Revisions produced were categorized as surface or text-base, with both their accumulative and individual impact on the text assessed. The coding system identified all evaluations and goals, even those that did not result in text changes but that were associated with considerations and attempts. Therefore, all revising behaviors, including emerging skills, were acknowledged.<br>Results revealed that those students identified as better writers were not better revisors in terms of using evaluations or goals in a manner that resulted in the production of more sophisticated or more effective revisions. Students identified as low to high level writers all experienced various revision difficulties, as reflected by the absence of specific types of evaluations and/or goals that could have facilitated revision, yet were not used. Terminal revising was the common approach and involved reviewing a textual area only once, and setting a limited number of evaluations and goals to address a perceived problem. However, a sub-group of students who were identified as poorer writers did use an iterative revising strategy, which resulted in improved text quality. This strategy involved successive reviews of the text, resulting in the implementation of related multiple evaluations and goals addressing one textual area.<br>Educators can consider the revising strategies (i.e., terminal and iterative revising) and operations (i.e., functional evaluations and goals) specifically identified in this research to assess how students' revise and to determine what strategies and operations need to be encouraged to foster absent or underdeveloped revision skills. Collaborative student and teacher interactions designed to encourage the utilization of these specific strategies and operations have the potential to lead to more effective revising.
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Levinson, Leslie J. "The effects of exercise intensity on the stereotypic behaviours of individuals with autism /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60585.
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The effects of exercise intensity on the stereotypic behaviours of three autistic subjects were examined. Two exercise programs which differed on the basis of intensity as measured by heart rate were implemented. The frequency of stereotypic behaviours were measured prior to exercise, immediately following exercise and 90 minutes following exercise.<br>Significant reductions in stereotypic behaviors occurred as a function of the vigorous exercise condition only. The mean reduction of stereotypic behaviours between pre-jogging and post-jogging was 17.5%. The duration of these reductions was found to be temporary. Increases to pre-exercise levels were noted in stereotypic behaviours one and a half hours following implementation of the exercise conditions.<br>For the purpose of examining any differential effects of exercise intensity, the stereotypic behaviours of all subjects were categorized into three components motor, verbal and other. The motor component of stereotypic behaviour was most prominent. The moderate exercise condition had little effect on the motor component, while the vigorous exercise condition resulted in a mean reduction of 17%.
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Lamassé, Stéphane. "Les problèmes dans les arithmétiques commerciales en langue française et occitane de la fin du Moyen Âge." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010720.
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Les arithmétiques en langue française de la fin du Moyen Âge constituent un ensemble dont la cohérence, repérée par Guy Beaujouan, fait l'objet d'une approche centrée sur la notion de problème mathématique. L'étude s'est donnée pour objectif à partir d'une méthode informatique et statistique, à présent, bien connue des historiens de proposer une démarche et des résultats pour appréhender à la fois la circulation des savoirs mathématiques, les connaissances proposées, ainsi que l'interaction entre le monde marchand et celui d'enseignants de mathématiques dont l'activité connaît, alors, une certaine professionnalisation. Le corpus en langue franco-occitane y apparaît dans toute sa singularité au regard d'autres ouvrages italiens ou espagnols produits pendant la même période. L'étude met en relief la culture mathématique véhiculée par ces ouvrages et les adaptations que les auteurs ont pu faire en fonction de leur formation propre
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Marchand, Ingrid. "Gender differences in post-exercise peripheral blood flow and skin temperature." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35379.
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This study identified gender-related differences in post-exercise peripheral blood flow and body temperature in neutral environment (21ºC). The subjects were 11 male (22 +/- 4 years) and 14 pre-ovulatory female (23 +/- 3 years) recreational runners VO2max: 62 +/- 5 mL/kg • min for men and 55 +/- 5 mL/kg • min for women). Forearm blood flow rectal (Trec) and forearm skin temperatures (Tsk), and forearm vascular resistance (mean arterial pressure/forearm blood flow) were measured pre-exercise (pre), immediately after (t = 0), and every 15 minutes up to 105 minutes (t = 105) post-exercise (45-minute run at 75% of VO2max). ANOVA revealed main gender effects for Trec, Tsk, and forearm blood flow (men > women) as well as for forearm vascular resistance (women > men). Compared to pre-exercise, Trec at t = 0 showed a similar increase in men (1.3ºC) and women (1.2ºC). Trec decreased thereafter to reach pre-exercise level after 25 minutes in men. In women, Trec kept decreasing to reach a lower than pre-exercise level after 60 minutes (p < 0.05). Tsk was similar at pre and t = 0 for both genders. In contrast, Tsk was lower in women than men (29.0 +/- 1.3 versus 30.7 +/- 1.5ºC) at t = 105 (p < 0.05). Forearm vascular resistance was similar in men and women pre-exercise and decreased by about 50% in both groups at t = 0. Between t = 30 and t = 105, the women increased their forearm vascular resistance up to 35% more than did the men. These observations suggest the existence of gender-related differences in thermoregulatory and cutaneous blood flow responses during recovery from submaximal exercise.
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Palesch, Katherine Elizabeth. "The effects of exercise, hobbies, and social support on teacher burnout /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30198.
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The primary purpose of this study is to determine if three coping strategies (exercise, hobbies, and social support) were related to some or all of the three dimensions of burnout (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment). One hundred and forty-three secondary school teachers from schools in urban and suburban areas of Eastern Canada participated in this study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout scores and a coping strategies questionnaire was used to assess participation in activities. Exercise and social support were positively related to the Personal Accomplishment dimension of burnout.
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Lavoie, Carole. "The regulation of glucose fluxes during exercise in healthy male subjects." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39810.
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The present study was designed to further characterize the role of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of glucose fluxes during two hours of mild to moderate intensity exercise in postabsorptive healthy male subjects. Endogenous insulin and glucagon were suppressed by somatostatin (SRIF) infusion and the pancreatic hormones were then replaced singly or in combination to match the hormonal concentrations observed during similar exercise in control subjects. Glucose kinetics were determined using stable isotopes of glucose. The exercise protocol was sufficient to induce a 26% decrease in insulin and a 20% increase in glucagon. In all conditions, there were a 1.5- and 2-fold increase in glucose utilization and in glucose metabolic clearance rate, respectively when compared to the resting levels. Exercise alone was able to maintain the increase in glucose metabolic clearance rate despite a deficiency in insulin. Hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenesis increased to values representing 228 and 144% of the resting level, respectively. In the absence of glucagon, these increases during exercise were totally abolished. From our observations, it is concluded that during mild to moderate intensity exercise insulin was not essential for glucose uptake indicating that muscle contractions per se can stimulate glucose uptake by muscles and the increase in hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenesis are essentially dependent on the increase in glucagon. Insulin remains important, however, for maximal glucose uptake by contracting muscles and for preventing glucose overproduction and possibly hyperglycemia.
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Jacobson, Allison. "Specificity of exercise on enhancing cognitive abilities : Argentine Tango and walking." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101718.
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The objective of this feasibility study was to determine for the elderly at-risk for falls the effects of a 10-week program in Argentine Tango dancing or Walking on cognition. Thirty healthy community dwelling seniors (60+) were recruited to take part in the study. They were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up on divided attention (Walking-While-Talking) and working memory tasks. It was found that Tango dancing significantly improved divided attention capabilities while the Walk program significantly improved working memory. These findings need to be replicated with a larger number of subjects.
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Bridges, Eileen Joan. "The effects of ß-blockers on exercise parameters in heart failure /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78329.
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Purpose. To examine the outcome of a 6-month treatment with carvedilol or metoprolol on peak and submaximal exercise performance and ventilatory efficiency in patients with heart failure (HF).<br>Methods. 27 patients with HF were randomized to receive either metoprolol or carvedilol for 6 months and compared with 12 healthy controls. Maximal exercise capacity was assessed at baseline and after 6 months with a symptom limited incremental treadmill protocol (RAMP). Submaximal exercise was determined to be the portion of exercise below a respiratory exchange ratio of 1.0. Peak heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), and ventilatory equivalent for O2 and CO2 were recorded. The slopes of the VE vs. VCO2, VE vs. VO2 and VE/VCO2 vs. VO2 relationships were calculated for each subject from submaximal values.<br>Results. Resting HR decreased to similar extent in both treatment groups. There were no other significant changes in resting hemodynamics or ventricular function. Peak VO2 and HR decreased significantly in both treatment groups. Peak VE/VCO2 and submaximal VCO 2 vs. VE slope were not changed significantly after therapy.<br>Conclusion. beta-blocker treatment with either metoprolol or carvedilol does not decrease the slope of the VCO2 vs. VE relationship. The present observations may suggest that the exaggerated ventilatory response of patients with moderate HF is not mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors.
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Langford, Helen G. "Multiple discourses of literacy meaning-making : case studies of two English and French classrooms." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36629.
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In this thesis, I examine the influence of institutional control on three teachers' and twelve linguistically and culturally diverse childrens' perceptions and constructions of literacy meaning making in English and French in two grade six English and in two grade six French classrooms in the province of Quebec. The children in this study represent a cultural and linguistic mosaic of new arrivals, second-generation immigrant and native Montreal families that include Cambodian, East Indian, French, Italian, Lebanese and Portuguese families. Similarly, the three teachers come from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds that include a native Montreal anglophone, an immigrant from Egypt who is fluent in Arabic, English and French, and a second-generation Italian Quebecer who is fluent in Italian, English and French. The diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds of the participants add a further dimension to the research project, that is, an understanding of the dialogic encounters between multilingual children and teachers during literacy events in two languages and two classroom contexts.<br>I draw from Halliday's (1978, 1985) social theory of language use, Bakhtin's (1981, 1984) dialogical theory of discourse and Vygotsky's (1978, 1981, 1986) socio-cultural theory of language and learning to provide a theoretical lens for viewing the childrens' appropriation of literacy meaning making practices. I audiotaped, transcribed and interpreted the literacy events, teachers' discourse and discursive practices and the childrens' literate actions and artifacts for emerging patterns. In addition, interviews were transcribed, coded for emerging patterns and interpreted as socially negotiated texts.<br>The findings led me to four major conclusions. First, while institutional controls such as textbooks, programs, evaluation, and teacher beliefs about literacy continue to maintain power of literacy meaning making practices in these four classroom contexts, the reconstruction and negotiation of this power varies across the classroom contexts and amongst the teachers and children. Second, the teachers' discourse and discursive practices, as well as, situational complexities such as the intersections of cultures, communities, classrooms and languages shape the childrens' literacy perceptions, interpretations and constructions in English and French within and across the classroom contexts. Third, teaching practices for literacy meaning making are neither solely analytical or experiential nor are they solely explicit or implicit. The three teachers' literacy practices appear to be more along a continuum than a dichotomy, that is, they appear to be local, strategic and contexts-related. Fourth, the recognition of a plurality of literacies suggest that childrens' cultural stances and viewpoints need to be considered, as well as, the kinds of literacy experiences they are and are not being asked to engage in their English and French classrooms.
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Kovács-Mazza, Jolán. "Analysis of parent-child interactions in home practice sessions of elementary-aged piano students." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36975.
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Nineteen mothers of elementary-aged (5--12 years old) piano students were videotaped once a week supervising their children's piano practice at home for three consecutive weeks. Children were assigned a new piece to work on one week prior to the commencement of the study. A 12-minute segment from the 57 practice sessions (19 parent-child pairs, across 3 practice sessions) was viewed three times by the investigator and by two expert piano pedagogues: one time to record parent behaviors, a second time to record child behaviors, and a third time to note the parent and child's practice approach and to rate the effectiveness of the practice sessions. Three piano pedagogues also rated the quality of each child's uninterrupted performance. Mothers recorded in a practice log the amount of time they spent assisting their children. At the conclusion of the treatment period, the investigator interviewed mothers and children individually.<br>The main results of the study were as follows: (1) mothers were more likely not to show any observable behavior during their children's practice session than they were to show any specific behavior; (2) the majority of time in practice sessions was spent playing the instrument without any verbal or physical interruption; (3) children frequently practiced without any specific structure in their practice procedure, nor with any specific directives from their mothers; (4) mothers with little or no musical training practiced more efficiently with their children than did mothers who had a moderate to high level of musical training; (5) the children of mothers who had little or no musical training received higher performance ratings than the children of mothers who had a moderate to high level of musical training; (6) high performance quality ratings were associated with high ratings for practice effectiveness; (7) longer practice times resulted in higher performance quality ratings; (8) longer practice times were associated with more efficient practice sessions; and (9) 85% of children said that they enjoyed practicing with their mothers.
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Coughlan, Mary Louise. "Comparison of cardiac output determinants in response to progressive upright and supine exercise in cystic fibrosis patients." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59255.
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This study was designed to characterize the cardiac output (Q$ sb{ rm c}$) response to progressive submaximal upright (U) exercise in CF patients. Secondly, the Q$ sb{ rm c}$ adjustments were compared to those of similar supine (S) exercise, in an attempt to assess myocardial accommodation to the enhanced ventricular preload in the S posture. Q$ sb{ rm c}$ generally increased with exercise intensity in both U and S positions, although gr.IV plateaued at 50% VO$ sb2$max (S). Maximal stroke volume index (SI) was achieved at 50% VO$ sb2$max (U) in all groups, except gr.IV and at 30% VO$ sb2$max (S) in all groups. The change from U to S posture resulted in a significant (p $ le$.05) increase in SI at rest and for every submaximal exercise in gr.I, but not in CF patients, independent of disease severity eg(Rest:gr.I:27 $ pm$ 7(U) vs 39 $ pm$ 8(S); gr.II:24 $ pm$ 5vs28 $ pm$ 10; gr.III:18 $ pm$ 4 vs 22 $ pm$ 5; gr.IV:17 $ pm$ 4 vs 20 $ pm$ 6 ml/bt/m$ sp2$). These observations suggest a limitation in ventricular volume accommodation in CF patients which becomes apparent under the S exercise conditions.
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Emery, Kim. "Effects of Pilates training on neck-shoulder posture and movement." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116101.
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The purpose of this Master's project was to investigate the effects of a l2-week Pilates training program on neck-shoulder posture and motion, core strength and neck-shoulder kinematics and muscles activity associated with a shoulder flexion task performed under six different conditions. After the training, scapula anterior tilt and upper and lower thoracic extension were reduced and there was increased activity of the rectus abdominis, serratus anterior and rhomboid muscles during the shoulder flexion task; passive shoulder range of motion increased in flexion and internal rotation; static thoracic kyphosis was smaller and abdominal strength was greater. Theses results suggest that Pilates is effective in improving core strength, thoracic static and dynamic posture, and shoulder flexibility as well as in stabilizing core posture as limb movements are performed. Our results support the use of the Pilates method in the rehabilitation, and possibly in the prevention, of neck-shoulder disorders.
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Staples, Heidi. "The effect of lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy on concurrent diet and exercise behaviors /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31543.
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The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II (NCEP ATP II) unequivocally advocates an initial trial of dietary modification in both primary and secondary prevention prior to the institution of pharmacotherapy. Perhaps the rationale for this delay rests in the inherent, yet unsubstantiated, fear among clinicians that lifestyle change will be compromised in the presence of concurrent pharmacotherapy. However, the question of adherence to diet and exercise interventions following the initiation of lipid-lowering drug therapy has seemingly never been addressed scientifically.<br>It was therefore hypothesized that pharmacologically-treated patients with untreated hypercholesterolemia started on a program of lifestyle modification would achieve relatively less reduction in dietary fat intake and body weight, and participate less often in physical activity, if a pharmacologic agent was simultaneously prescribed. This was tested by a protocol in which these and related variables were assessed in participants who thought they were taking a lipid-lowering medication at diagnosis, compared to conventional initial treatment of diet and exercise alone. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Béland, Mireille. "Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide during brief upright and supine exercise in man." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61984.
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Taivassalo, Tanja. "Exercise training as therapy for mitochondrial myopathies : physiological, biochemical and genetic effects." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37845.
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Patients with mitochondrial myopathies characteristically exhibit pronounced exercise intolerance, often associated with lactic acidosis, tachycardia and muscle weakness. These clinical features are attributable to impaired electron transport chain function in skeletal muscle. The usual etiology is a primary defect in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), where the severity of impairment is presumably linked to the ratio of mutant to wild-type mtDNA. This dissertation presents novel therapeutic approaches to these genetic defects, aimed at attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorating the clinical condition by employing exercise training alone or in conjunction with pharmacological therapy. Dichloroacetate (DCA) was administered to augment mitochondrial capacity by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase, thereby decreasing lactic acidosis. Endurance and resistance training paradigms were employed to induce mitochondrial and satellite cell proliferation respectively. The goals were to augment respiratory chain function, increase levels of wild type mtDNA, and reverse effects of chronic inactivity. The effects of these treatments on functional and mitochondrial capacity were defined by changes in: (1) work capacity, oxygen utilization, and circulatory responses during maximal exercise; (2) heart rate and blood lactate during submaximal exercise; (3) recovery kinetics of phosphate-containing metabolites measured using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31P MRS); (4) scores on a quality of life questionnaire. The cellular correlates for these indices were defined by changes in: (1) mitochondrial volume, (2) respiratory chain enzyme activity, and (3) levels of mutant/wild-type mtDNA. Although DCA administration alone lowered blood lactate, endurance training was more effective in improving exercise capacity, heart rate and blood lactate, 31P MRS recovery kinetics, and quality of life. Increased mitochondrial volume and respiratory chain function were closely linked
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Scarapicchia, Tanya. "The motivational effects of social contagion on exercise participation in young women." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114409.
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This experimental study examined differences between a group of women who exercised within an intrinsically-motivating group or extrinsically motivating group on: (i) ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), percentage of maximal heart rate (% of HR max) and total physical activity (PA) counts during an exercise session; (ii) exercise persistence immediately following the experimental manipulation; (iii) change in positive and negative mood during an exercise session; and (iv) post-experimental motivation outcomes (e.g., perceived competence in executing the task, interest, effort and pressure/tension experienced in performing the task). Young inactive healthy weight females (N = 42; Mage = 21.59 + 3.31 years; MBMI = 21.59 + 2.11 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to exercise on a treadmill alongside a confederate who was providing them with either intrinsic or extrinsic verbal cues, depending on the experimental group. Exercise duration, HR and exertion were recorded. Participants also completed a self-report questionnaire assessing mood pre and post-PA and post-PA motivation. Participants in the intrinsic motivation confederate group reported significantly higher RPE values after 8 minutes of exercise, exercised at a higher % of their HR max, had a higher PA count, and a greater percentage exercised for a longer duration when compared to participants in the extrinsic motivation group. An increased perception of vigor was reported after the exercise, regardless of group. In addition, participants in the intrinsic motivation group perceived that they exerted more effort than those in the extrinsic motivation group. Overall these findings suggest that exercise motivation can be "contagious" through verbal cues and that exercising with a partner who is intrinsically motivated can have beneficial outcomes on one's own exercise behaviours.<br>Cette étude examine les différences entre un groupe de femmes qui font de l'exercice dans un cadre de motivation intrinsèque en comparaison avec un de motivation extrinsèque, et ce, en matière : (i) de valeurs de la perception de l'effort (PE), du pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale (% de FC max) et du compte total de l'activité physique au cours d'une séance d'exercice; (ii) de la persistance à l'exercice immédiatement après la manipulation expérimentale; (iii) du changement positif ou négatif de l'humeur au cours d'une séance d'exercice; et (iv) des effets sur la motivation postexpérimentale (c.-à-d. la compétence perçue dans l'exécution de la tâche, l'intérêt, l'effort et la pression/tension ressentie au cours de l'exécution de la tâche). Des jeunes femmes inactives de poids santé (N = 42; Mâge = 21.59 + 3.31 ans MIMC = 21.59 + 2.11 kg/m2) ont été assignées, au hasard, à faire de l'exercice sur un tapis roulant à côté d'une chercheuse complice qui, selon le groupe expérimental, exprimait des énoncés verbaux soit de type intrinsèque ou de type extrinsèque. La durée de l'exercice, la fréquence cardiaque et l'effort physique ont été enregistrés. Les participantes ont aussi rempli un questionnaire d'auto-évaluation à propos de leur humeur avant et après l'activité physique et de leur motivation après l'exercice physique. Les participantes associées au groupe de motivation intrinsèque de la chercheuse complice ont déclaré, après 8 minutes d'exercice, de plus grandes valeurs de perception de l'effort, elles ont exécuté l'exercice à un plus grand pourcentage de leur fréquence cardiaque maximale, ont enregistré un plus grand nombre de comptes d'activité physique et un plus grand pourcentage des participantes a fait l'exercice sur une plus longue période de temps en comparaison à celles du groupe extrinsèque. Dans les deux groupes, une augmentation de la perception de la vigueur a été déclarée après l'exercice. De plus, les participantes du groupe de motivation intrinsèque ont perçu qu'elles ont fait de plus grands efforts que celles du groupe de motivation extrinsèque. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats montrent que la motivation dans le cadre de l'exercice peut être « contagieuse » grâce aux énoncés verbaux et que le fait de pratiquer de l'exercice avec un compagnon ou une compagne qui est intrinsèquement motivée peut apporter des résultats avantageux sur le comportement à l'exercice d'une personne.
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Ball, Derek. "Diet, acid-base status and the performance of high intensity exercise." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU045175.
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The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the effects of dietary components and composition on acid-base status. It was hoped that those dietary components which exert the greatest effect on acid-base would be identified. In a second series of experiments the role of diet-induced changes on the performance of high intensity exercise was investigated. The sodium salts of weak organic acids were administered after an overnight fast and their effects on blood acid-base status were observed. An alkalinising effect on blood and urine was observed over 3 and 24 hours respectively. In the next study the sodium salts were administered for five consecutive days; blood and urine acid-base status were measured 24 hour after ingestion. Under these circumstances the salt-induced alkalosis was only observed on urine. Blood acid-base status had, after 24 hours, returned to pre-ingestion values. The alkalinising effect on urine was sustained for as long as the sodium salts were consumed. However, upon cessation of the salt ingestion urine acid-base status had returned to the pre-ingestion values within 24 hours. In the third experiment the chronic effects of different macro nutrient intakes was investigated in two groups of matched female subjects. The omnivorous group had a higher dietary intake of protein than the vegetarian subjects. There was no biologically significant difference in blood acid-base status between the two groups. As a consequence of the higher protein intake the urinary titratable acid output of the omnivorous women was higher than that of the vegetarians. Despite the same dietary intake of calcium the omnivorous subjects had a higher urinary excretion of calcium than the vegetarians. It is thought the acidifying effect on urine from the higher protein intake of the omnivorous women was responsible for their greater urinary calcium excretion.
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Dénommé, Daneen. "Physical activity validation pilot project in Inuit of the Baffin region." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99333.
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The main goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of physical activity (PA) measurement in an Inuit population with a self-administered questionnaire. The objective was to validate a culturally relevant physical activity questionnaire that measures Inuit PA levels. To do this, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was evaluated against the Caltrac accelerometer and anthropometric/physiologic measurements.<br>There were a number of compliance problems encountered when implementing the Caltrac in the pilot community which resulted in too few Caltrac scores available for analyses. However, IPAQ PA score (N=44) was significantly inversely related to Body Mass Index (p≤0.05) and positively related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p≤0.03).<br>The results indicate that the IPAQ has potential but needs further refinements to be acceptable to Inuit populations and needs re-evaluation in a larger sample. The participants found it very difficult to remember the time spent performing each activity and, in general, the IPAQ was not well received.
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Greene, Amanda, Kason O’Neil, Kylie Russell, and Brian Johnston. "Buying in: Analyzing the First Fan Adopters of a New National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4044.
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Establishing a strong fan base within the inaugural year of a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Program presents many challenges. Tracking consumers and their behavior becomes imperative as sport marketers seek to better understand the first fan adopters of a new program. With new NCAA football programs being established every year, sport marketers of a new program are challenged to not only find a loyal fan-base who will continue to support the program despite win or lose, but find new and innovative ways to grow their fan base. The purpose of this study was to examine attendance demographics and consumer behavior for the inaugural football season at a NCAA Division 1 program. Data were collected (n = 914) from a relatively equal distribution of fan groups (students- 34.8%, alumni- 32.9%, and other- 32.3%) via an in-person survey completed on a tablet interface. Results demonstrate that the level of fandom (temporary, devoted, or fanatic) impacts certain consumer behaviors, including; overall support of the program, media consumption, and game day behaviors.
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Vaupshas, Rosemary. "The exercise intensity of mentally retarded adults as a function of an aerobic fitness program /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63886.
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Fenn, Christine E. "Limiting factors in the performance of prolonged muscular exercise : the effectiveness of oral administration of fluid, electrolytes and substrate in improving endurance capacity." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU010305.
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The aim of these experiments was to investigate the effect of providing substrate in the form of CHO or fluid as water or a dilute glucose-electrolyte solution on the metabolic and circulatory changes during prolonged endurance exercise. It was hoped to establish the relative importance of fluid or substrate replacement in promoting endurance capacity. Subjects exercised significantly longer on a cycle ergometer when the glucose-electrolyte solution was given compared with the administration of large amounts of glucose or fructose in the form of polymer solutions. The effectiveness of the glucose-electrolyte solution in prolonging exercise time to exhaustion was not shown during exercise at high (33oC) and low (2oC) ambient temperatures. Fluid balance does not seem to be a priority during exercise at low ambient temperatures and exercise time in the heat was too short for the possible benefits of fluid replacement to occur. During 2h of moderate exercise (50% VO2max) at a high ambient temperature, the ingestion of the glucose-electrolyte solution was associated with the maintenance of plasma volume and minimal physiological disturbances which may limit performance. There was a tendency toward greater rectal temperatures and higher heart rates during rehydration with a hypertonic glucose polymer solution. The effect of fluid and substrate replacement during exercise performed over a range of intensities (50 - 70% VO2max) was investigated. It was suggested that the ingestion of a glucose polymer solution, in an attempt to provide glucose to the working muscle, may compromise fluid balance. The usefulness of carbohydrate feeding during prolonged exercise of moderate intensity where thermoregulation is a priority is questionable. The maintenance of plasma volume through the replacement of fluid losses during exercise seems to be the priority in the promotion of endurance capacity rather than the provision of carbohydrate.
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Fei, Xia-Wen. "The effects of chronic exercise on the frequency and intensity of positive and negative affect in Chinese students /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61130.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic exercise on the frequency and intensity of positive and negative affect in Chinese students and to examine the effects of chronic exercise on indicators of fatigue and health. No differences in maximal oxygen uptake between groups or across time were observed. Significantly higher heart rates were noted as a function of participation in the exercise program. Positive affect increased for the male exercise group from Pre-training to Post-training while the female exercise group did not significantly increase over time periods. Positive affect of the control group remained stable throughout. Negative affect in males and females in the control group did not change over time. In the exercise group the females' negative affect decreased from Pre-training to Post-training while the males did not significantly decrease from Pre-training to Post-training. The men and women in the exercise group reported significantly greater daily indicators of fatigue than the control group of subjects. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Hodges, Alastair N. H. "Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on venous PO2, transcutaneous PO2, and VO2max in a normobaric environment." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30175.
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Purpose. The purpose was to examine venous PO2, transcutaneous tissue PO2 (PtcO 2), and VO2max in a normobaric environment following a single HBO2 treatment. Methods. Ten moderately trained (VO2max = 57.6 mL·kg-1·min -1) males volunteered for the study. Baseline testing included measures of VO2max, PtcO2, and anthropometry. Subjects received two HBO2 treatments, which consisted of breathing 95% oxygen at 2.5 ATA for 90 min. Following the first HBO2 treatment (6.0 +/- 1.0 min), subjects performed a VO2max test. Following the second HBO2 treatment, leg and chest PtcO2 and venous PO2 were monitored for 60 min. Results . VO2max, running time, and peak La were not altered (p < 0.05) post-HBO2 treatment. Leg PtcO2 was lower (p < 0.05) and chest PtcO2 was unchanged following the HBO2 treatment compared to baseline values. Venous PO2 was lower in the first 3 min post-HBO2 treatment than subsequent values, but no other differences were found (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The results of this study show that a single HBO 2 treatment at 2.5 ATA for 90 min does not elevate venous PO2, PtcO2, or VO2max in a normobaric, normoxic environment.