Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Função executiva'
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Oliveira, Jorge Manuel da Costa. "Capacidade para o trabalho e função executiva." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11535.
Full textO presente trabalho pretende caracterizar a associação existente entre a função cognitiva executiva e a capacidade para o trabalho em profissionais de saúde (médicos e enfermeiros) e profissionais de educação (professores). A função cognitiva executiva é definida como uma série de processos cognitivos de ordem superior (capacidade de planeamento, raciocínio abstrato, flexibilidade cognitiva e resolução de problemas) determinantes no controlo e coordenação de operações cognitivas e fundamentais na organização e monitorização do comportamento humano. A integridade destas funções, são determinantes para a realização adequada de tarefas da vida diária, incluindo o contexto organizacional. A capacidade para trabalho é um forte preditor do desempenho laboral, sendo definida como a autoavaliação que o trabalhador faz do seu bem-estar no presente e no futuro próximo e da capacidade para assegurar o seu trabalho tendo em conta as exigências do mesmo, a saúde e os recursos psicológicos e cognitivos disponíveis. Assim, com o objetivo de compreender a relação entre estas duas variáveis em médicos, enfermeiros e professores, no presente trabalho utilizamos uma amostra composta por 218 sujeitos, sendo que 93 são enfermeiros, 100 professores (ensino secundário) e 25 médicos. Para avaliar as funções cognitivas executivas, nomeadamente a flexibilidade cognitiva e raciocínio abstrato não-verbal utilizamos o Halstead Category Test (HCT). Para avaliar a capacidade de planeamento e resolução de problemas, utilizamos a Torre de Hanoi (TH). Para determinamos o valor da capacidade para o trabalho, utilizamos o índice de capacidade para o trabalho. No sentido de controlar variáveis que poderiam influenciar esta relação, utilizamos Questionário Geral de Saúde (GHQ-12), escala de ansiedade-traço, Questionário de Personalidade de Eysenck, escala de satisfação no trabalho e uma questão dicotómica (Sim/Não) sobre o trabalho por turnos. Pela análise dos resultados, verificamos que alterações nas funções cognitivas executivas poderão prejudicar a capacidade para o trabalho. No entanto, verificamos que variáveis como a idade, trabalho por turnos, personalidade e saúde mental poderão exercer um efeito moderador desta relação. Por fim, em comparação com médicos, enfermeiros e professores, verificamos que os médicos e enfermeiros apresentam um maior prejuízo nas funções cognitivas executivas que os professores, mas não na capacidade para o trabalho. Como conclusão, o nosso trabalho contribuiu para uma melhor compreensão da ação das funções executivas em contexto laboral (em particular na área da saúde e educação), contribuindo para o desenvolvimento e implementação de programas de promoção de saúde laboral em contexto organizacional.
This work intends to characterize the association between the executive cognitive function and the work ability in health professionals (nurses and doctors) and educational professionals (teachers). The executive cognitive function is defined as a set of high-level cognitive processes that are very important to the control, coordination of several cognitive systems and essentials to the organization and monitoring of human behavior. The integrity of these functions are essentials to the performance on the activities of daily living, including the organizational setting. The work ability is a strong predictor of the work performance. It’s defined as a self-evaluation that the worker does about his/her well-being in present and in the near future and how able are they to do their task with respect to work demands, health, and psychological and cognitive resources. So, the aim of this study was to understand the relationship among these variables in doctors, nurses and teachers. So, we used a sample composed by 218 subjects (25 doctors, 93 nurses, and 100 teachers). To evaluate the cognitive executive functions, in particularly, the cognitive flexibility and the non-verbal abstract reasoning administered the HCT. To evaluate the planning and problem -solving abilities administered the Tower of Hanoi (TH). To determine the score of the work ability, we used the work ability index. In order to control variables that could influence this relationship, we used the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and a dichotomic question (yes/no) about shift-work. Concerning the analysis of the results, we noticed that changes on the integrity of executive cognitive functions could contribute to the decrease of work ability. However, we looked that the age, shift-work, personality and mental health, it could exert a moderator effect between these variables. Comparing doctors, nurses and teachers, results show that doctors and nurses presented higher scores in executive cognitive function measures than teachers. In conclusion, this study provides a better comprehension about the action of executive cognitive functions in working setting (particularly in the health and education), contributing to the development and implementation of programs for health promotion in working setting.
Ferreira, Rafaela Viegas da Luz Soares de. "Prejuízo da função executiva em pacientes com esquizofrenia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15427.
Full textAs funções executivas são um conjunto complexo de competências, que incluem um amplo espectro de processos cognitivos e comportamentais. Na esquizofrenia, o défice executivo tem sido associado a várias variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Com o objectivo de avaliar as funções executivas numa amostra de 15 participantes institucionalizados com diagnostico de esquizofrenia crónica, foram usados os testes de avaliação psicológica e neuropsicológica: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop – Teste de Cores e Palavras (Stroop), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Toulouse-Piéron (T-P) e WAIS-III (subtestes Figuras Incompletas–FI, Vocabulário–V e Semelhanças–S) e Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Foram consultados os processo dos respectivos pacientes para recolha de informação relativa a variáveis sociodemográficas, bem como histórico de consumos, medicação actual, antecedentes psiquiátricos familiares, idade de ínicio da doença e número de cigarros fumados por dia. Os resultados encontrados não foram os esperados, havendo alguns de difícil compreensão. A organização perceptiva piora com a toma de anticolinérgicos; a medicação antipilética piora a atenção e a função executiva; quanto maior o número de antipsicóticos diferentes tomados, pior a percepção e atenção selectiva, e melhor o funcionamento executivo; um maior número de anos de escolaridade está relacionada com uma melhor função executiva; a estação do ano do nascimento está associada à sensibilidade interpessoal, estando a Primavera relacionada com maior sensibilidade interpessoal, seguida do Outono, Inverno e, por último, Verão; uma idade de início da doença mais tardia parece favorecer a instalação de uma ideação paranóide mais acentuada; a disfunção cognitiva global e um QI pré-mórbido mais baixo estão relacionados com a presença de antecedentes psiquiátricos familiares. O estudo da disfunção executiva nestes doentes é de uma importância crucial para o planeamento das intervenções e para a melhoria do seu funcionamento social e ocupacional, dada a sua forte associação ao comprometimento funcional.
The executive functions are a complex set of competences including a brad spectrum of cognitive and behavioural processes. In schizophrenia, the executive deficit has been associated with socio-demographic and clinical variables. The aim of our study was to evaluate the executive functions in a sample of 15 institutionalized patients with the diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia, and for that purpose we used the following neuropsychological and psychological tests: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop – Teste de Cores e Palavras (Stroop), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Toulouse-Piéron (T-P) e WAIS-III (subtests Figuras Incompletas–FI, Vocabulário–V e Semelhanças–S) e Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Hospital records of each participant were consulted in order to obtain information regarding socio-demographical variables, as well as history of substance abuse, actual medication, psychiatric family history, age of onset of the disease, and number of cigarettes smoked per day. The results that we found were not those we had expected, being some hard to understand. Perceptual organization is negatively affected by anticholinergic medication; antiepileptics have a detrimental effect on executive function and attention; a great number of antipsychotics taken by patients is associated with poorer selective attention and perception, and better executive functioning; higher years of education is associated with improved executive function; a relationship was found between the birth season and interpersonal sensitivity, with Spring being associated with higher interpersonal sensitivity, followed by Autumn, Winter and, at last, Summer; a later age of onset of the disease seems to favour the installation of a more pronounced paranoid ideation; global cognitive dysfunction and lower premorbid IQ were related to a positive psychiatric family history. The study of executive dysfunction in these patients has a crucial importance for intervention planning and for an improvement in social, and occupational functioning, given its strong association to functional impairment.
Narvaez, Joana Corrêa de Magalhães. "Trauma infantil e função executiva em usuários de crack." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25126.
Full textThe use of crack cocaine is a major public health concern in Brazil. Recent studies showed that the lifetime prevalence of crack cocaine use among Brazilians is about 0.7%. Recent data suggest that childhood trauma is associated with worse outcomes among cocaine users and higher impulsivity scores. This study evaluated childhood trauma using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and executive functioning, using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), among 84 crack cocaine users. The results of a linear regression showed that childhood trauma, continuous use of crack without periods of abstinence, multidrug use and IQ predicted 44% of the variance in the executive functioning of patients. Barrat Impulsivity Scores (BIS 11) were associated with childhood trauma, which suggests that trauma may be a risk factor for more severe impairment among crack cocaine users.
Mansur-Lisboa, Stella Fernandes. "Função executiva e desempenho em leitura em crianças do ensino fundamental." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1200.
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A leitura envolve vários processos, que vão da decodificação das letras até a compreensão do texto. Estudos têm buscado identificar os processos que contribuem para a leitura, dentre eles a função executiva (FE), que é o conjunto de habilidades que permitem direcionar o comportamento. Para analisar a relação entre FE e leitura, foram realizados três estudos. O primeiro analisou a produção científica sobre a relação entre dificuldade de leitura (DL) e FE. Observou-se que essa relação ainda é controvertida, existindo tanto pesquisas que a corroboraram quanto aquelas que não observaram tal associação. O segundo avaliou o desempenho em leitura de alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental, associando-o ao resultado da escola em um sistema estadual de avaliação de alfabetização. Eles foram divididos em grupo com DL, grupo médio e com Talento em Leitura (TL). Observou-se um número preocupante de alunos com DL, denotando fracasso das escolas em alfabetizar esses alunos. Porém, observou-se que o TL se manifesta até mesmo em escolas com qualidade de ensino baixa. O terceiro comparou o desempenho em FE desses três grupos. Não foram encontradas associações entre as variáveis. As implicações e limitações dessas pesquisas são discutidas.
Reading involves several processes, ranging from decoding the letters to text comprehension. Studies have sought to identify the processes that contribute to reading, including the Executive Function (EF), which is the set of skills that allow behavior directioning. Three studies were conducted to analyze the relationship between EF and reading. The first one, analyzed the scientific literature looking for the relationship between Reading Disability (RD) and EF. It was observed that this relation is still controversial, i.e. there are researches that corroborated it and others which have not observed such association. The second one assessed the reading performance of students in the 2nd year of elementary school, associating it with the result of the school in a statewide literacy assessment system. The students were divided into a group with reading disability (RD), an intermediate group and a Talent in Reading (TR) group. A disturbing number of students with RD was noted, denoting failure of the schools in alphabetizing these students. However, it was observed that TR manifests itself even in schools with low quality teaching. The third study compared the performance of these three groups in EF. No associations were found between the variables. The implications and limitations of this research are discussed.
Banaskiwitz, Natalie Helene Van Cleef. "Estudo da função executiva em crianças com epilepsia focal benigna da infância com pontas centrotemporais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-01082012-082156/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Many cognitive alterations have been associated to benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) including distinct aspects of the executive functions. In this work, we studied the performance profile of children with BECTS in attention and executive functions tests. We calculated the estimated IQ as a means of exclusion criteria as well as a way to verify the influence of intelligence in the tests performance. METHODS: Fifty eight children with ages ranging from 8 to 13 years old participated in the study, from which 30 were diagnosed with BECTS and 28 were healthy children. The following tools were employed: Cubes and Vocabulary subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children 3ª Ed (WISC-III), Stroop test Victoria version, Wisconsin Card Sorting test modified version (MCST), Phonemic Verbal Fluency (FAS), Trails test intermediary version, Digits subtest of WISC-III, Codes subtest of WISC-III, Concentrated Attention test and Tower of London. The study-group was subdivided according to laterality of epileptic activity and the use of antiepileptic medication and compared to the control-group. RESULTS: The correlation between estimated IQ and tests performance was statistically weak. The groups were homogeneous regarding the sociodemographic variables as well as the laterality of the crisis and the use of medication. The children with BECTS, particularly the ones with epileptiform activity in the left hemisphere and using medication presented IQ within the mean, however their performance were statistically lower when compared to the control-group and to the children with epileptiform activity in the right hemisphere, bilateral activity and without medication. The execution time in card 1 (Control) of the Stroop test was higher in the study-group relative to control and showed no significant difference regarding laterality of the epileptiform discharge and use of medication. All the groups (discharge on the left, discharge on the right, bilateral discharge, with and without medication) showed lower efficiency compared to the control-group in FAS. However, the group with discharge on the left and the group without medication showed lower results compared to the control-group. Relative to the Wisconsin Card Sorting test modified version, we observed worse performances in the number of categories and categorization efficiency in the group with discharge on the left and the group without medication, while only the group without medication presented a higher amount of errors than the control-group. The remaining tools showed no significant difference between the analyzed groups. CONCLUSION: The analysis of correlation between the estimated IQ and the tests performance shows that the estimated IQ did not influence the tests results. The group with discharges on the left hemisphere and the group with medication present lower intellectual efficiency. The group with discharges on the left and the group without medication present the worst performance in the ability to develop strategies to solve problems. All the groups showed lower results than the control-group in verbal fluency with the highest difference presented by the group with discharge on the right and the group without medication relative to control. It is possible to conclude therefore that children with BECTS present limitations concerning cognition and some aspects of executive function depending on variables such as laterality of the focus and the use of medication
Sobreiro, Matildes de Freitas Menezes. "Associação entre função executiva e sintomas depressivos em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-22062012-105858/.
Full textBACKGROUD: The association between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke has been described in several studies. Recently, studies have focused on the association of depressive symptoms and executive function. Actually, the hypothesis of a Depression Executive dysfunction in stroke patients has been investigated. However, it is not known whether such association occurs with any specific depressive group of symptoms and also if it occurs among the non elderly. Thus, the main objective this study is to investigate the association between executive function and domains of depressive symptoms in the first month after an ischemic stroke. As a secondary objective we investigated whether this association existed for those with below 60 years old. METHODS: We screened 343 patients consecutively admitted to the neurological unit of the Clinics Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine. Eight seven patients satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the study. They were submitted to neuropsychological tests including the Phonemic Verbal Fluency for letters (F.A.S.); digits forwards and backwards, the subtest of the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III-R) and 3 parts of the Stroop Test. The psychiatric evaluation included the structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the 31-item version of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. We used the Barthel Indices to assess the impairment in activities of daily living and the severity of the stroke was assessed with the stroke Scale of the National Institutes of Health. The mean time interval between the stroke and the assessments were 12.4 (SD±38) days. Equations of multiple linear regression were performed using the seven domains of depressive symptoms of the HAM-D-31 as independent variable and the neuropsychological tests as the dependent variable. Results were adjusted for age, gender and educational level. RESULTS: We found an inverse association between the retardation domain of depressive symptoms and the verbal fluency test FAS (t = -3.46; p = 0.001; 95%CI -4.46, - 0.81) and a positive association with the three parts of the stroop test SR (t = 3.32; p= 0.002; 95%CI 1.63:6.72) SP (t = 3.05; p=0.004; 95% CI 1.68:8.21) and SC (t = 3.01; p = 0.005; 95%CI 3.22:16.39). For the subsample of patients with age 60 years old we found an inverse association between the verbal fluency test (FAS) with the domain of depressive symptoms retardation (t = -3.13; p = 0.003; 95%CI -4 .72: -1.27). CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis that executive depressive dysfunction described for the elderly also occur for stroke survivors with age < 60 years old and that there is a specific association of executive function with the depressive domain of retardation
Melo, Luciene Bandeira Rodrigues de. "Memória de trabalho e função executiva – uma proposta de diálogo entre dois modelos teóricos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2491.
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A classificação de função executiva, que corresponde a um sistema gerenciador que tem como atributo organizar uma sequência de ações a fim de atingir um objetivo, tem sido amplamente estudada por dois conceituados autores, quais sejam, Joaquin Fuster e Alan Baddeley. O objetivo deste trabalho teórico é propor uma fusão entre as ideias destes dois neurocientistas. Fuster postulou que a função executiva opera por meio de redes neurais interativas e sobrepostas (cógnitos), distribuídas nos córtices de associação (principalmente o córtex pré-frontal), que alimentam o ciclo percepção-ação, constituindo assim as unidades básicas do processamento executivo. As atividades de ordenação dos cógnitos e programação temporal das ações em novas e complexas sequências de comportamento se dá por meio da integração de estímulos externos (sensoriais) e estímulos internos (memórias), tornando possível a integração temporal de ações para o cumprimento de metas. Fuster divide a função executiva de integração temporal do córtex pré-frontal em três sub-funções cognitivas: ajuste preparatório, controle inibitório e memória de trabalho. Baddeley, por outro lado, propôs o modelo multicomponente para a memória de trabalho (MT) que é composto por um executivo central, uma alça fonológica, um esboço visuoespacial e um buffer episódico. Sendo a atenção um pré-requisito para o armazenamento temporário de uma informação, Baddeley propôs que a MT depende de um sistema atencional de supervisão, o executivo central. Contudo, é possível que o executivo central seja análogo à função de controle inibitório proposta por Fuster, não se caracterizando como um elemento de memória, uma vez que ele não armazena nenhum tipo de informação. Assim, propomos uma nova classificação da função executiva que engloba os modelos de Fuster e de Baddeley. Desta forma, a função executiva (caracterizada pela função de integração temporal), ficaria subdividida em: controle inibitório, ajuste preparatório e memória de trabalho. E a memória de trabalho (que integra a função executiva) seria composta pela alça fonológica, o esboço visuoespacial e o buffer episódico.
The classification of the executive function, which corresponds to a system manager that has the attribute organize a sequence of actions to achieve a goals, has been widely studied by two respected authors, namely, Joaquim Fuster and Alan Baddeley. The objective of this theoretical work is to propose a merger between the ideas of through interactive and overlapping neural networks (learning), distributed in association cortices (especially the prefrontal cortex) that fuel the perception-action and thus constitute the basic units of processing executive. The activities of ordering occurs through the integration of external stimuli (sensory) and internal stimuli (memories), making possible the temporal integration of actions to accomplish goals. Fuster divides the executive function of temporal integration of the prefrontal cortex into three sub-cognitive functions: setting preparatory, inhibitory control and working memory (WM) which consists of a central executive, a phonological loop, a visuospatial sketch and an episodic buffer. Attention being a prerequisite for the temporary storage of information, Baddeley proposed that WM depends on a supervisory attentional system, the executive central. However, it is possible that the central executive function is analogous to the inhibitory control proposed by Fuster, be characterized as a memory element, since it does not store any kind of information. Therefore, we propose a new classification of executive function which includes models Fuster and Baddeley. Thus, the executive function (characterized by the function of integration time), would be subdivided into inhibitory control, set preparatory and working memory. And the working memory (which includes the executive function) would be made by phonological loop, visuospatial sketch and the episodic buffer.
Dutra, Vivian de Freitas 1985. "Avaliação neuropsicológica de crianças e adolescentes com hiperfenilalaninemias." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310806.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A fenilcetonúria é um erro inato do metabolismo, com incidência entre 1:10000 e 1:15000 nascidos vivos. Trata-se de uma doença de herança autossômica recessiva, caracterizada pela deficiência da enzima hepática fenilalanina hidroxilase ou de seu co-fator tetraidrobiopterina, que, na rota metabólica normal, são responsáveis por converter a fenilalanina em tirosina. O acúmulo de fenilalanina é tóxico ao Sistema Nervoso Central. O défict nos níveis de tirosina leva ao desequilíbrio metabólico que pode causar hipotonia, irritabilidade, letargia, tonturas, microcefalia, características autistas, défict cognitivo e atraso de desenvolvimento. O tratamento é baseado na dieta restrita em fenilalanina. Quando a dieta é iniciada precocemente, o prognóstico cognitivo é bom e os pacientes apresentam QI dentro da média. Embora não haja rebaixamento de QI, alguns estudos mostram que os resultados de avaliação neuropsicológica dos pacientes são piores do que irmãos e pares sem a doença, especialmente com relação a funções executivas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o desempenho de crianças e adolescentes com fenilcetonúria tratados em um Serviço de Referência no Brasil em provas neuropsicológicas de memória e funções executivas, e comparar com aquele apresentado por pares sem a doença. Participaram do estudo 12 crianças e adolescentes com fenilcetonúria leve, oito com hiperfenilalaninemia permanentemente e uma com fenilcetonúria clássica. A idade do grupo caso índice variou entre seis e 15 anos (m=9,52±2,82). O grupo controle foi formado por 21 crianças e adolescentes com idade entre seis e 14 anos (m=9,19±2,84), recrutados em uma escola de rede municipal. Como instrumento para a avaliação neuropsicológica foi utilizada a Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para crianças (WISC-III, 2002) e uma bateria para avaliação de funções executivas, incluindo o Teste de Trilhas, Teste de aprendizagem verbal de Rey, Teste de aprendizagem visual de Rey, teste de fluência verbal FAS e categoria "animais", teste de Stroop e Torre de Hanói. Os dados foram armazenados e analisados com programa estatístico SPSS - Statistic Package for Social Sciences, versão 13.5, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o desempenho do grupo de pacientes e o grupo controle, para nenhum dos achados neuropsicológicos. Apenas uma criança neste estudo apresentou diagnóstico de PKU clássica, a forma da doença com pior prognostico cognitivo. A média de idade de diagnóstico dos participantes foi de 35 dias e 75% dos participantes apresentaram resultados de exame de PHE<8,0 no ano anterior à avaliação neuropsicológica. Os achados concordam com a literatura que indica a importância do tratamento para garantir um bom desenvolvimento cognitivo. Futuros estudos podem avaliar também funções não executivas, e estudos colaborativos entre diferentes centros de tratamento podem fornecer uma amostra mais significativa da população estudada
Abstract: Phenylketonuria is an autossomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which makes it nonfunctional. It is one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism, with an incidence of 1:10000 to 1:15000 live births. Accumulation of PHE is toxic to the central nervous system. Low levels of tyrosine add to the metabolic abnormality and patients may present hypotonia, irritability, lethargy, dizziness, microcephaly, autistic features, cognitive impairment and developmental delay. The standard treatment is based on a lifelong diet with low levels of phenylalanine. When PKU restricted diet is started early in life, the cognitive outcome is excellent, and patients have normal IQ. Although there is no cognitive impairment, some studies showed that their neuropsychological scores might be lower than the ones of their peers and siblings, especially regarding executive functions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuropsychological performance of children and adolescents with the different types of hyperphenylalaninemia treated at a tertiary center in Brazil and compare with a control group with similar age and socioeconomic level. 12 children and teenagers with mild PKU, eight with HPA and one with classic PKU were evaluated. Age ranged between six and 15 years (m=9,52±2,82). Control group were formed by 21 non-pku children and teenagers with ages between six and 14 years (m=9,19±2,84), recruited in a public school. Neuropsychological evaluation was performed using the Wechsler Inteligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III, Stroop Test, Rey Auditive Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Rey Visual Design Learning Test (RVDLT),Trail Making Test (TMT), Verbal Fluency Test (categorie: animals and letters F,A,S) and Hanoi Tower. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of our institution. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (SPSS/PC), Version 13.5; with a level of significance of 0.05. There was no difference regarding the neuropsychological findings between both the hyperphenylalaninemia and mild phenylketonuria groups and control group. One children in this study had classic PKU. Mean diagnostic age was 35 days and 75% of participant's present PHE concentrations < 8,0 mg/dl. These findings are in concordance to literature that indicates the importance of dietetic treatment for an adequate cognitive outcome. Further research could also evaluate non-executive functions and collaborative studies between different centers could provide a larger sample size
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestra em Ciências Médicas
Lee, Alessandra Ferreira Barbosa. "Avaliação da função executiva e da fluência verbal em pacientes com doença de Parkinson." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-23042018-124732/.
Full textPatients with Parkinson´s disease (PD) can present several non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits. Executive function deficits can be observed since the early stages of PD and impact on functional independence and quality of life. The executive function is essential to the activities of daily living, which require cognitive-motor integration. The performance of activities of daily living depends not only on the motor system, but also on the sensory/ perceptual interpretation and processing and the selection and planning of the best motor strategy. Therefore, many activities of daily living can be affected by deficits in the executive function in patients with PD. In such tasks, cognitive and motor components compete for attentional resources, which may impair the performance of one or both tasks. However, most studies focus on to the analysis of dual-tasks involving orthostatic balance and gait, but they do not approach other motor tasks. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the performance of patients with PD with a control group in executive function (Trail Making Test) and verbal fluency tests (semantic and phonemic and oral diadochokinesis /pataka/) and (2) to investigate possible correlations between executive function and verbal fluency. This was a cross-sectional study and the tests were performed individually in a 50-minute single session. Forty people with PD (aged 50 - 79 years, Hoehn & Yahr 2 - 3) and forty controls (with similar age and education) were evaluated with Trail Making Test (TMT, executive function), phonemic/semantic verbal fluency and oral diadochokinesis (/pataka/) tests. In part A of Trail Making Test, participants connected circles with the numbers 1-25, in sequence. In part B, participants connected circles in a sequence with alternated numbers and letters (1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D-5-E-6-F-7-G-8-H-9-I-10-J-11-K-12-L-13). In the phonemic verbal fluency test, participants were instructed to say words beginning with the letter F. In the semantic verbal fluency test, participants were instructed to say out loud as many animals as they could remember, in 60 seconds. In the oral diadochokinesis test, participants were asked to say the /pataka/ sequence as fast as they could. Groups were compared by analyses of variance and the relationships between the variables were investigated by Pearson correlation tests. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between groups (F1,78=10.55; p=0.002) and between Trail Making Test parts (F1,78=154.02; p < 0.001). Part B showed longer times than part A (p < 0.001). People with PD said fewer words in both fluency tests, compared to controls (p < 0.001). People with PD repeated the sequence /pataka/ less times than controls (p=0.019). There was a strong correlation between the phonemic verbal fluency test and the part B of Trail Making Test (r=-0.874 and p=0.001) and between the oral diadochokinesis test and both parts of the Trail Making Test (r=-0.824 e p=0.001). The correlation between the part B of Trail Making Test, which is an executive function measure and reflects the cognitive-motor integration ability, and the verbal fluency tests, evidences the importance of motor control for speech tasks. Speech tasks not only provide cognitive overload, but also motor overload in patients with PD. This knowledge is important in clinical practice, in which therapists must detect the nature of the disability and the task to use this information properly in rehabilitation programs
Covre, Priscila [UNIFESP]. "O papel da memória operacional na implementação de instruções verbais." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/23226.
Full textAssociação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia (AFIP)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Quando seguimos instrucoes devemos estabelecer e executar um programa mental para a tarefa a ser executada; mecanismos de conexao (binding) entre as caracteristicas dos estimulos e da resposta a ser dada sao necessarios nesse processo. Pouco se sabe sobre como os programas mentais sao estabelecidos na memoria operacional. Nos conduzimos 3 experimentos a fim de investigar o papel de cada componente do modelo multicomponente de memoria operacional ao implementar instrucoes novas. Utilizamos um paradigma de dupla tarefa, atraves do qual pudemos testar o efeito de uma tarefa secundaria interveniente na implementacao de instrucoes que mudavam a cada tentativa (garantindo que os estimulos das instrucoes fossem novos e nao previamente implementados). O papel da alca fonologica, do executivo central e do esboco visuoespacial foi testado a partir do uso de tres tipos de tarefas concomitantes: supressao articulatoria (Experimento 1), contagem regressiva (Experimento 2) e tarefa de memoria para padroes visuais (Experimento 3). Os principais resultados foram: nao houve efeito das tarefas concomitantes de supressao articulatoria e memoria para padroes visuais sobre a realizacao da tarefa principal; a tarefa de contagem regressiva, por sua vez, prejudicou o desempenho na tarefa principal. A alca fonologica e o esboco visuoespacial foram irrelevantes para o estabelecimento e execucao dos programas mentais, enquanto o executivo central apresentou papel relevante nesse processo. Nossos resultados nao sao conclusivos com relacao a importancia desse componente na criacao ou manutencao das conexoes estimulo-resposta. Nos discutimos que as conexoes sao criadas automaticamente mas e necessario controle atencional (executivo central) para manter os itens conectados na presenca de distracao
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
MEDEIROS, Josian Silva de. "Análise cognitiva em sujeitos portadores de doença de Parkinson comparados com grupo controle." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8062.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A doença de Parkinson (DP) foi descrita por James Parkinson em 1817, sua etiologia e cura permanecem desconhecidas, acomete sujeitos na terceira idade, entretanto pode ocorrer em jovens. Esta doença é decorrente de uma lesão no Sistema Nervoso Central com destruição de neurônios dopaminérgicos. Dentre os sintomas primários da DP encontramos: tremor, rigidez, bradicinesia e instabilidade postural. Nos secundários alterações de fala, deglutição, marcha, do sono, autonômicas, psíquicas e cognitivas que podem repercutir nas Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD‟s). Dentre as alterações cognitivas iniciais podemos observar alterações isoladas, tais como distúrbios visuoespaciais e lentificação do processo decisório. Com o avançar da doença podemos encontrar: lentificação do processo cognitivo, apatia, comprometimento de memória e da função executiva (FE). A FE classifica-se como um grupo de habilidades para execução dos comportamentos complexos, nos quais estão envolvidos os seguintes aspectos: iniciativa, tomada de decisão, planejamento, realização da ação e suas possíveis consequências, que pode se refletir em dificuldades no controle de finanças, planejamento e preparo para viagens e abastecimento da casa. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença ou não de distúrbios cognitivos em sujeitos portadores de DP no estágio III da escala de Hoehn & Yahr, comparados com o grupo controle (GC). Os dados foram coletados no Centro de Referência de Parkinson no Hospital Geral de Areias em Recife - PE, de Janeiro a Setembro de 2009. O método utilizado foi o quantitativo, de coorte, caso controle e de observação. A amostra foi selecionada de uma maneira aleatória simples e constou de 32 sujeitos, 16 com DP idiopática e 16 do GC, a idade variou entre 40-75 anos, de ambos os gêneros. Foram utilizadas as escalas: Hoehn & Yahr, Depressão de Hamilton, Schwab & England. Na avaliação cognitiva foram aplicados: Mini-exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), teste da moeda na mão, ir - não ir , fluência verbal semântica, teste do desenho do relógio, interpretação de provérbio, testes das trilhas forma A e B, lista de palavras e bateria breve de rastreio cognitivo. Para análise estatística foram aplicados de Shapiro-Wilk, Teste t, Mann-Whitney, teste exato de Fischer e teste G com significância p ≤ 0.05. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da UFPE sob N° 243/07. Foram observadas alterações cognitivas significativas no MEEM (p=0.034), quando comparado com GC, fato não observado nos demais testes. Esses achados talvez possam ser atribuídos ao fato de os sujeitos se encontrarem no estágio III e possuírem em média cinco anos e quatro meses de diagnóstico. Nas AVD‟s o grupo com DP também apresentou comprometimento quando comparamos com GC (p < 0.0001), indo de encontro à literatura. No entanto estudos posteriores, com um número maior de sujeitos, deverão ser realizados para confirmar ou não tais resultados. Este estudo vem enriquecer a literatura relacionada às neurociências, uma vez que foram analisados distúrbios cognitivos em sujeitos portadores de DP no estágio III ao compararmos com o GC, assim obtivemos um maior conhecimento acerca deste tema em nossa região
MEDEIROS, Josian Silva de. "Análise dos distúrbios cognitivos em sujeitos portadores de doença de Parkinson em estágios distintos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12580.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A doença de Parkinson (DP) foi descrita por James Parkinson em 1817. Sua etiologia e cura permanecem desconhecidas, acomete sujeitos na terceira idade, entretanto pode ocorrer em jovens. Dentre os sintomas primários encontramos: tremor, rigidez, bradicinesia e instabilidade postural. Nos secundários alterações de fala, deglutição, marcha, do sono, autonômicas, psíquicas e cognitivas. Dentre as alterações cognitivas iniciais podemos observar alterações isoladas, tais como distúrbios visuoespaciais e lentificação do processo decisório. Com o avançar da doença podemos encontrar: lentificação do processo cognitivo, apatia, comprometimento de memória e da função executiva (FE). O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre distúrbios cognitivos na DP, demostrar a importância do enfermeiro na identificação de alterações cognitivas em sujeitos senescentes, identificar a presença ou não de distúrbios cognitivos nos três primeiros estágios da DP através da avaliação cognitiva e comparar com o grupo controle (GC) e verificar sua possível progressão com o avançar dos estágios. Os dados foram coletados no Centro de Referência de Parkinson no Hospital Geral de Areias em Recife - PE, de Janeiro de 2009 a Dezembro de 2012. Os métodos utilizados na construção dos artigos desta tese consistiram de revisão sistemática, quantitativo, de coorte, caso controle e de observação. A amostra foi selecionada de maneira aleatória simples e incluiu 72 sujeitos de ambos os gêneros, destes 56 com DP idiopática dos quais 17 no estágio I, 20 no estágio II, 19 no estágio III da escala modificada de Hoehn e Yahr e 16 no GC. A idade nos dois grupos variou entre 40-87 anos. Foram utilizadas as escalas: Hoehn & Yahr e Escala de Depressão de Hamilton. Para avaliação cognitiva foram aplicados: Mini-exame do Estado Mental, teste da moeda na mão, Teste do “ir - não ir”, fluência verbal semântica, teste do desenho do relógio, interpretação de provérbios, testes das trilhas formas A e B, lista de palavras e bateria breve de rastreio cognitivo. Para análise estatística foram aplicados Shapiro-Wilk, Teste t, Mann-Whitney, teste exato de Fischer e teste G com significância p ≤ 0.05. Com os resultados dos trabalhos desenvolvidos nessa tese verificamos que as alterações cognitivas predominantemente encontradas na DP estão relacionadas com a FE, memória, fluência verbal, atenção, diminuição na velocidade de resposta a estímulos visuais, visuo-constructivas, organização espacial; que existe carência na literatura correlacionando a presença de distúrbios cognitivos a estágios específicos; Idosos que participam de programas de atenção ao idoso podem apresentar bons resultados no perfil cognitivo; As questões cognitivas chamam atenção para a necessidade da abordagem multidisciplinar na DP, e dentro dele, o enfermeiro tem um papel extremamente importante na assistência à saúde dos sujeitos com distúrbios cognitivos, pois através dos testes utilizados este profissional será capaz de detectar o mais precoce possível o surgimento de tais distúrbios; e que existe uma maior tendência de comprometimento cognitivo no grupo com DP no estágio III quando comparamos com o GC. Concluímos que a cognição deve ser avaliada desde os estágios iniciais da DP, a fim de possibilitar o rastreio destes distúrbios, pois estes podem estar sendo subdiagnosticados. Existe progressão dos distúrbios cognitivos com o avançar dos estágios da DP e nosso estudo vai de encontro à literatura que aponta para uma possível alteração cognitiva nos estágios inicias da DP, no entanto estudos posteriores, com um número maior de sujeitos, deverão ser realizados para confirmar ou não tais resultados.
Ferreira, Larissa de Oliveira e. "Avaliação da função executiva de crianças e adolescentes: desempenho e tempo na To Torre de Hanói." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1820.
Full textNeuropsychology in recent years has increased the number of research on executive function function. The increase in research was necessary because it is a subject that covers . functions directly linked to cognitive processes necessary for good per performance in daily ormance activities activities, and tasks that require a more elaborat , elaborate reasoning e reasoning. But most research, found . found, has as its object of study groups of children and adolescents with neuropsychi neuropsychiatric atric disorders or dysfunctions dysfunctions. In Brazil there are few standardized ba batte ttery to assess ry executive function. One of the instruments used is the Tower of Hanoi, but there is no consensus on how to apply and which components of this instrumen instrument assesses t executive function function. From this perspective we chose to study the Tower of Hanoi in the assessment of executive function with group of children with normal development . This study tested 55 children and adolescents between 10 and 16 years, with the aim to evaluate the relationship between time and performance in the Tower of Hanoi to assess executive function function. As convergent validity was used to scale . the implementation of WISC III III, which is a w , widely studied intelligence test idely test, which evaluates all components , of executive function and that has to count time as a key factor in the fi final s nal score of all core subtests subtests. The results provide data that seem to show that the number of movements . and me measure the execution time in ToH asure ToH, with children 10 , - 16 years o old, has no ld, discriminative power power, the comparison between the groups 10 , 10-13 years and 14 -16 year years and between genders s genders. We conclude that the ToH unlike many studies showed . that it is not an effective tool in the assessment of executive function in children 10 10-16 years. The measurement of time in carrying out the ToH is not necessary since no significa significant correlation in any of the comparisons made in this study. nt
Em neuropsicologia neuropsicologia, nos últimos anos tem aumentado o número de pesq pesquisas sobre a uisas função executiva. O aumento das pesquisas fez fez-se necessário por tratar tratar-se de um assunto que abrange funções diretamente ligadas a processos cognitivos necessário necessários para o bom desempenho em atividades cotidianas, e em tarefas que exij exijam um am raciocínio mais elaborado. No entanto, a maioria das pesquisas encontrada encontradas tem como s objeto de estudo grupos de crianças e adolescentes com disfunções ou transtornos neuropsiquiátr neuropsiquiátricos, icos, o que não permite esclarecer o que seria o desenvolvimento e o funcionamento da função executiva em grupos sem comprometimentos. No Brasil Brasil, existe existem poucas bateria baterias padronizadas para avaliar a função executiva. Um dos instrumentos muito usado é a Torr Torre de Hanói e (TOH) TOH), porém porém, não existe consenso quanto a forma de aplicação e quais componentes da função ex executiva esse ecutiva instrumento avalia. Com essa perspectiva perspectiva, optou optou-se por estudar a Torre de Hanói na avaliação da função executiva com grupo de crianças com desenvolvimento normal. Foram testadas 55 crianças e adolescentes, entre 10 e 16 anos, com o objetivo de avaliar a relação entre tempo e o d desempenho na Torre de Hanói para a esempenho avaliação da função executiva. Como medida de correlação usou usou-se a escala de ex execução do Wisc ecução III III. Os resultados fornecem dados que parecem demonstrar que o número de movimentos e a medida do tempo na execução na ToH, com crianças de 10 a 16 anos, não tem poder discriminativo, na comparação do desempenho do número e do tempo de execu execução ção ent entre os grupos de 10 a 13 anos, re de 14 a 16 anos e entre os gêneros. Conclu Conclui-se que a medida do tempo na realização da ToH ToH, de acordo com os , dados levantados e em grupos de crianças e adolescentes da 10 a 16 anos não se faz necessária necessária, uma vez que não apre apresentou correlação significativa. sentou
Garreto, Anna Karla Rabelo. "O desempenho executivo em pacientes que apresentam automutilação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-06082015-124601/.
Full textIntroduction: Self mutilation has been considered a dysfunctional way of dealing with problematic situations, usually with great emotional charge, since people who have such diagnosis appear to have few coping strategies, difficulty to regulate affect and limited problem-solving skill. The beginning of self mutilation usually occurs during adolescence and in most cases there is remission without professional intervention. This remission is associated with the cognitive development, especially with the development of adequate coping strategies. However, 10% of cases remain with this behavior in adulthood and often exhibit psychiatric comorbidities characterizing more severe cases, with higher cognitive and social skills deficit. Studies on self mutilation in adults are rare. Thus, it is verified the need for studies that evaluate the executive functions performances among this population for a better characterization and understanding of this behavior. Therefore, more adequate and effective interventions can be developed, as well as prevention efforts. Objectives: To study the executive performance of patients presenting self mutilation, as well as compare the problem-solving capacity in patients with self mutilation to a control group. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 66 individuals, all aged over 18 years, with at least four years of formal schooling. Two groups were compared: the first, with 33 patients who sought psychiatric treatment due to self mutilation; and the control group, with 33 participants without any psychiatric disorder at the time of evaluation. All participants underwent a psychiatric evaluation (SCID I / P) to confirm the diagnosis and verification of the inclusion/ exclusion criteria, symptom investigation of impulsivity (BIS-11), self mutilation behavior (FASM), as well as depression and anxiety (Beck). The participants have also undergone a pile of neuropsychological evaluation, which contemplated the mapping of the executive functions, such as mental flexibility, inhibitory control, planning, capacity for abstraction / categorization, working memory and decision making; assessment of problem-solving ability through behavioral test. The performance of the executive functions and problem-solving skills of the participants with self mutilation was compared to the control group executive performance, taking into account gender, age, socioeconomic status and IQ, controlling for educational level. Finally, correlations were made between self mutilation severity, executive performance and problem-solving capability. Results: Most patients were female (81.8%) as well as in controls (72.7%). The average age in the self mutilation group was 29 years and in the control group, 31. In the group presenting self mutilation, the average age of self-injury onset was 16 years. The most common behavior found was skin cutting, and the most common reason for engaging in thus behavior was \"to stop the negative feelings.\" The most common psychiatric comorbidities were the major depressive disorder (60.6%) and generalized anxiety disorder (48.5%). The group with self mutilation had worse performance in the following executive functions: mental flexibility, inhibitory control, planning, decision making. The self mutilation group also had higher impulsivity than the controls and worse performance on problem solving capability. It was also observed that executive functions (inhibitory control, planning and decision making) influence the decision making process. There was association between worse performance on tests that evaluate decision making (IGT and DDT) with higher severity of self mutilation (IGT: p = 0.009 and DDT: p = 0.008). Conclusion: It was possible to evince that adults with self mutilation score lower when compared to controls regarding problem-solving skills, mental flexibility, inhibitory control, planning and decision making. Thus, the results indicate that people who start self mutilation behavior during adolescence and persist into adulthood as a coping mechanism to problematic situations, demonstrate certain cognitive immaturity, possibly due to alterations in the prefrontal cortex, impacting behavior, emotions and thoughts. And further, they exhibit self mutilation with higher severity in association with other psychiatric disorders. These results point to the need for the use of specific cognitive rehabilitation interventions in these patients treatment
Macuglia, Greici Conceição Rössler. "Avaliação das funções executivas e de alterações de humor em pacientes com doença de Parkinson." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165478.
Full textThis work aimed to investigate the executive functions (EF) and mood changes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The first study sought to present a systematic review of the literature on the subject. In the second, in an empirical study, we compared the performance in EF and mood in a group of PD patients (N = 40) and a control group (N = 30). The clinical group had a significantly poorer performance on several measures of cognitive assessment, especially the BADS, but not for the variables anxiety and depression (p <0.05). The results show that changes in EF are frequent disorders, even in early stages of PD.
Carim, Daniela de Bustamante [UNIFESP]. "Tradução e adaptação transcultural para o português do instrumento “Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function”." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/10120.
Full textO “Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function” (BRIEF) é um instrumento de avaliação das funções executivas refletindo aspectos da vida diária de crianças e adolescentes entre 5 e 18 anos de idade. Consta de três versões, ou seja, a escala para pais, professores e versão pessoal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi traduzir e adaptar, para o português do Brasil, o BRIEF, assim como analisar as propriedades psicométricas iniciais. O processo de tradução e adaptação seguiu os passos recomendados na literatura e amplamente preconizados pelo International Test Commission (ITC). Para análise da adequação da adaptação, assim como das propriedades psicométricas, foram realizados dois estudos pilotos, sendo que a versão final foi administrada numa amostra constituída por 277 pais, sendo 59,6% do sexo feminino, 282 professores, sendo 57,4% feminino, 112 pessoal, sendo 63,4% feminino. Os valores dos Alfas de Cronbach, avaliando consistência interna para os principais índices do questionário dos pais oscilaram entre 0,901 e 0,945, do questionário dos professores oscilaram entre 0,915 e 0,959 e, os do questionário pessoal oscilaram entre 0,924 e 0,957, indicando adequados coeficientes de fidedignidade do teste. A análise fatorial de componente principal extraiu dois fatores (Fator 1 Metacognição; Fator 2 Regulação do Comportamento). No questionário dos pais, os dois fatores foram correlatos (r=0,56). No questionário dos professores, a correlação foi 0,400, e no questionário pessoal, a correlação foi 0,70. Os valores encontrados na versão brasileira se assemelham ao relatados na versão original, indicando boa consistência interna do instrumento nas 3 versões.
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) is an instrument that assesses executive functions, reflecting daily life aspects of children and teenagers aged between 5 and 18 years old. It has three versions, that is, the parenting scale, the teachers’ scale and a personal version. The purpose of this study was to translate and to adapt, into Brazilian Portuguese, BRIEF, as well as to analyze the initial psychometric properties. The translation and adaptation process followed the steps recommended in literature and widely endorsed by International Test Commission (ITC). To analyze the adaptation’s adequacy, as well as the psychometric properties, two pilot studies were carried out, and the final version was administered to a sample comprised of 277 parents, being 59.6% female, 282 teachers, being 57.4% female, 112 personal, being 63.4% female. The Cronbach’s Alpha values, assessing internal consistency for the main items of the parents’ questionnaire ranged from 0.901 to 0.945, the ones concerning the teachers’ questionnaire ranged from 0.915 to 0.959 and those concerning the personal questionnaire ranged from 0.924 and 0.957, showing proper coefficients of test’s trustworthiness. The factorial analysis of main component extracted two factors (Factor 1: Metacognition; Factor 2: Behavior Regulation). In the parents’ questionnaire, both factors were correlated (r=0.56). In the teachers’ questionnaire, correlation was 0.400, and in the personal questionnaire correlation was 0.70. The values found in the Brazilian version are similar to those reported in the original version, showing good internal consistency of the instrument in the three versions.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Gonçalves, Hosana Alves. "Clustering e switching na fluência verbal infantil: idade, tipo de escola e TDAH." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7372.
Full textChild neuropsychology has grown in Brazil with the publication of instruments adapted and standardized for this population, and the development of intervention programs for both clinical and school settings. The objective was to contribute to the national and international literature regarding the use of qualitative analysis in addition to quantitative already commonly used in verbal fluency tasks (TFV). For this, 516 children (484 healthy and 32 with ADHD) were evaluated with the unconstrained, phonemic-orthographic and semantics modalities of verbal fluency. In addition to the raw scores of trial and error, there was clustering and switching analysis investigating the roles age, type of school and ADHD in this processing. In general age effects were seen in the total of correct words, switches, semantic and phonemic clusters in the three modalities. In all cases, older children performed better than the younger children. It is noteworthy the strong correlations between production switches and total words in TFV. On the other hand, were not observed effects of age and school type in the size of clusters. As the evolution of performance over time, it is observed decrease in the last the blocks of task in all age groups and in the ADHD group. Comparing ADHD and controls, we present results indicating differences mainly in the way the groups are organized over time to achieve the purpose of the task. The default output switches, and hence of words over time is shown for various clinical and control groups. While in healthy children observed the drop in performance in the last task blocks, in children with ADHD occurs slight rise in the number of switches, which seems so contribute to retrieve words. The results of this study confirm the important role of executive functions in performing TFV to demonstrate that differences between groups occurring in the total scores of the task (both clinical and age) may occur due to the strategies that each group uses to carry them out. Thus, it is suggested that studies analyzing clustering and switching continue to be made in both research and in neuropsychological clinic.
A neuropsicologia infantil tem crescido no Brasil com a publicação de instrumentos adaptados e normatizados para este público, além da elaboração de programas e de ações de intervenção tanto para o âmbito clínico quanto escolar. No entanto, predominam, ainda, análises quantitativas mais gerais e tradicionais, principalmente com escores totais de acertos. Assim, o objetivo desta dissertação foi verificar a influência da idade, do tipo de escola e do TDAH no processamento de clustering e switching em tarefas de fluência verbal (TFV). Para isso, 516 crianças (484 saudáveis e 32 com TDAH) foram avaliadas com as modalidades livre, fonêmico-ortográfica e semântica de fluência verbal e, além dos escores brutos de erros e acertos, realizaram-se análises de clustering e switching. Em geral foram evidenciados efeitos de idade no total de palavras corretas, de switches, de clusters semânticos e fonêmicos nas três modalidades. Em todas as tarefas, crianças maiores e de escola privada apresentaram desempenho superior ao das crianças de menor idade na maioria das variáveis. Por outro lado, não foram observados efeitos de idade e de tipo de escola no tamanho dos clusters. Ressaltam-se as fortes correlações entre produção de switches e total de palavras nas TFV. Quanto à evolução do desempenho ao longo do tempo, observou-se diminuição nos últimos blocos da tarefa em todos os grupos etários e no grupo de TDAH. Comparando-se TDAH e controles, apresentaram-se resultados que indicam diferenças principalmente na maneira como os dois grupos se organizam ao longo do tempo para alcançar o objetivo da tarefa. O padrão de produção de switches, e, consequentemente de palavras, ao longo do tempo mostrou-se diferente para grupo clínico e controle. Ou seja, enquanto em crianças saudáveis houve queda no desempenho nos últimos blocos da tarefa, em crianças com TDAH ocorre leve elevação no número de switches, o que parece ter contribuído para a evocação das palavras. Os resultados deste estudo reafirmam o importante papel das funções executivas na realização de TFV ao demonstrar que as diferenças observadas entre grupos nos escores totais da tarefa (tanto clínicos quanto etários) podem ocorrer devido às estratégias que cada grupo utiliza para realizá-las. Desta forma, sugere-se que análises de clustering e switching continuem sendo realizadas tanto na pesquisa quanto na clínica neuropsicológica. Na avaliação, elas podem contribuir para o levantamento de hipóteses de quais processos cognitivos estão mais ou menos desenvolvidos, tornando mais acessível a identificação dos principais aspectos a serem trabalhados num processo de estimulação cognitiva. Contribui-se com a literatura nacional e internacional a respeito do uso de análises qualitativas além das quantitativas já comumente utilizada em tarefas de fluência verbal (TFV).
Cotrena, Charles. "Interface entre neuropsicologia e psicopatologia: funções executivas, variáveis clínicas, qualidade de vida e funcionalidade na depressão e no transtorno bipolar." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7532.
Full textSeveral neuropsychological and psychopathological studies have sought to identify the cognitive features associated with different psychiatric conditions and their relationship with clinical and demographic variables, functioning and quality of life. Major depressive (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) have been the subject of several such investigations, although findings are still preliminary and limited in their clinical applicability and generalizability due to the methodological heterogeneity of studies in the area. Therefore, the goal of this research was to investigate the relationship between cognitive, clinical and demographic features as well as quality of life and functioning in a naturalistic sample of patients with MDD and TB as compared to healthy subjects. The first study investigated differences between the cognitive performance of patients with MDD, BDI, BDII and adults with no mood disorders. Patients with MDD showed impairments in sustained and divided attention, working memory, verbal fluency, inhibitory control and decision making, especially in timed tasks. Patients with BDII showed variable performance and high rates of impairment in attentional interference control. Finally, patients with BDI showed consistently poorer performance than the remaining groups on most cognitive tasks, as well as greater impairments in attention and inhibition than individuals with MDD. In light of these findings and studies regarding the variability of cognitive profiles within diagnostic categories, the second study aimed to identify executive functioning profiles in mood disorders using hierarchical cluster analysis. Four distinct groups of participants were identified. The first was characterized by the absence of executive impairment and was mostly composed of control participants, while the second group showed slight impairments in inhibitory control, divided attention, working memory and verbal fluency. Clusters 3 and 4, composed clinical participants only, showed impairments in inhibitory control and working memory (cluster 3), and inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility (cluster 4). Given the heterogeneity of profiles identified, and the known impact of cognition on functional outcome and quality of life in mood disorders, the third study sought to identify profiles of functioning and quality of life in MDD and BD, as well as their association with clinical, demographic and cognitive variables. The subscales of the WHODAS 2. 0 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires were submitted to a hierarchical cluster analysis, which assigned patients into three groups. The first, composed mostly of control participants and a small percentage of psychiatric patients, had the highest scores on these measures. The second group obtained intermediate scores, and contained mostly individuals with MDD and BDII, and, to a lesser extent, BDI and control participants. Lastly, cluster 3 had the worst overall performance and was composed predominantly of patients with TBI, and some patients with TBII and TDM. No control participants were included in this group. Poor functioning and quality of life were associated with impairments in inhibitory control, decision making and attentional control. Together, these studies provided important data regarding cognition, functioning and quality of life in mood disorders, revealing a continuum of severity and several possible targets for therapeutic approaches developed specifically for these diagnostic categories.
Atualmente a neuropsicologia contribui à psicopatologia pela busca e identificação de características cognitivas de diferentes quadros psicopatológicos, e sua relação com fatores clínicos, demográficos, de capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida. Neste contexto, o transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) e o transtorno bipolar (TB) tem sido alvo de diversas investigações, embora ainda preliminares e com limitada aplicabilidade clínica e generalizabilidade devido a sua heterogeneidade metodológica. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a interrelação entre fatores cognitivos, clínicos, demográficos, a qualidade de vida e funcionalidade de amostra naturalística de pacientes com TDM e TB, comparados a participantes saudáveis. O primeiro estudo visou a identificar diferenças entre o TDM, TBI, TBII e participantes controles quanto aos processos neurocognitivos de funções executivas, atencão e velocidade de processamento. Pacientes com TDM apresentaram prejuízos na atenção sustentada e dividida, memória de trabalho, fluência verbal livre, controle inibitório e tomada de decisão, especialmente em tarefas envolvendo avaliações temporais de desempenho. Pacientes com TBII apresentaram desempenho heterogêneo, e alta prevalência de déficits no controle de interferências atencionais. Por último, pacientes com TBI apresentaram maior número de componentes executivos prejudicados quando comparados ao restante dos grupos, além de maior prejuízo atencional e inibitório do que o TDM .Com base nestes achados e evidências quanto à variabilidade de perfis cognitivos dentro de diferentes categorias diagnósticas, o segundo estudo buscou identificar perfis de funcionamento executivo nos transtornos do humor por meio de análise de clusters. Foram solicitados quatro agrupamentos distintos de participantes. O primeiro caracterizou-se pela ausência de prejuízos executivos e predominância de participantes controles, e o segundo por prejuízos leves no controle inibitório, atenção dividida, memória de trabalho e fluência verbal. Os clusters 3 e 4, compostos unicamente por participantes clínicos, apresentaram prejuízos inibitórios e mnemônicos de trabalho (cluster 3) e comprometimento no controle inibitório e flexibilidade cognitiva (cluster 4). Em vista da heterogeneidade de perfis identificados, e do conhecido impacto da cognição no desfecho funcional e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com transtornos do humor, o terceiro estudo buscou especificar perfis de funcionalidade e qualidade de vida no TDM e TB, e sua associação com variáveis clínicas, demográficas e cognitivas.A análise de clusters hierárquicos baseada nas subescalas dos questionários WHODAS 2. 0 e WHOQOL-BREF identificaram três perfis de qualidade de vida e de funcionalidade. No perfil 1, enquadraram-se a maioria dos participantes controle, assim como alguns membros dos grupos clínicos, apresentando os maiores escores de funcionalidade e qualidade de vida da amostra. O cluster 2, em posição intermediária, foi composto em maior parte por pacientes portadores de TDM e TBII e em menor proporção por pacientes com TBI e controles. Por último, o cluster 3 apresentou o pior desempenho geral e foi composto predominantemente por pacientes portadores de TBI, alguns pacientes com TBII e com TDM, e ausência de controles. Prejuízos na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida associaram-se a alterações no controle inibitório, tomada de decisão e controle atencional. Em conjunto, os estudos ofereceram dados importantes a respeito dos perfis cognitivos, de funcionalidade e qualidade de vida nos transtornos do humor, permitindo a identificação de um continuum de gravidade e apontando possíveis focos para abordagens terapêuticas desenvolvidas para estas categorias diagnósticas.
Neubern, Patricia Cardoso Buchain. "Funcionalidade e função executiva em idosos saudáveis e portadores de demência na doença de Alzheimer: estudo de validação do Executive Function Performance Test-Br." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-02072018-114315/.
Full textBackground: In Alzheimer\'s disease, the impairment in performing Activities of Daily Life (ADL) directly affects the autonomy and independence of the individual. The functionality determine a person needs for a safe and autonomous life. Among the cognitive domains, Executive Function has been reported as the most associated with functionality performance. There is a need for valid assessments to evaluate the deficits of executive functions in performing of real world tasks with patients with Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) in Brazil. Objective: To validate to Brazilian Portuguese version of the Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Methods: Cultural adaptation of EFPT to Brazilian Portuguese. The reliability and validity studies were performed with three groups of elderly: controls, mild AD and moderate AD. This study examines instrument stability, an internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha), a construct and criterion validity, and precision analyzes. Results: The sample consisted of 83 participants aged 60 years and over, divided into three groups: control, mild AD and moderate AD. The inter-examiner reliability was high (ICC = 0.985), with high internal consistency (Cronbach ? = 0.967). There was a strong correlation between EFPT-Br Total and DAFS-BR (r = -0.762), weak to moderate correlation with a cognitive battery and moderate to strong correlation with the functional battery. We performed the calculation of the ROC multiclass area under the curve of 0.8933, a score suggested to differentiate the groups: less than 8 for controls; between 9 and 27 for mild AD; and above 28 for moderate AD, to discriminate groups. Conclusion: EFPT-BR is a valid test with satisfactory psychometric parameters to discriminate healthy patients with mild AD and moderate AD in performing instrumental tasks. The test provides consistent information to assist in understanding the performance of AD patients in carrying out more autonomous and safe daily life activities
Esteves, Cristiane Silva. "Desempenho cognitivo de idosos atendidos pelo programa Estratégia da Saúde da Família (ESF)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4884.
Full textIntroduction : It is expected that the normal aging process is followed by the natural decline of abilities both cognitive and physical, however, not sufficient to cause damage in the everyday life nor compromise the functionality of the individual.Objectives : The present study originated two articles, each one with its proposal. The article 1 had the general goal to evaluate the cognitive performance of elderly people in the city of Porto Alegre, analyzing the cognitive abilities related with the executive functions: verbal fluency, language and verbal episodic memory (immediate recall, delayed and recognition). Besides, were analysed the possible influence of the sociodemographic variables in the result. The article 2 had the goal to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the studied sample and analyze the association between depressive symptoms in old age and cognitive functioning. To do so, there were made comparisons between the cognitive performance of elderly people with and without depressive symptoms.Methods : Both studies had quantitative crosssectional design, with the participation of a total of 306 seniors, with the ages between 60 and 79. The data collection was realized in the Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology of PUCRS. All the participants filled the Commitment Term of Consent, the Socio-demographic data sheet, the Mini- Mental State Examination, the Word List of the Cognitive Battery CERAD, the Wechsler Logical Memory Test, the Boston Naming Test, the Phonemic Verbal Fluency, the Verbal Fluency Category Animals and Geriatric Depression Scale - short version.Results : The article 1 showed that younger seniors (60 to 69 years old) showed better performance in the tasks that evaluated their verbal episodic memory (immediate recall, delayed and recognition), verbal fluency (phonemic) and language (naming) in comparison to elderly seniors (70 to 79 years old). The article 2 showed a prevalence between the presence of depressive symptoms of 29,41% among the evaluated seniors. The results showed association between depressive symptoms and performance in cognitive tasks. However, it was observed that the gravity of the depressive symptoms seems not to change the performance in cognitive tasks, but the presence of symptoms.Conclusions : The study showed that elderly patients with younger age (60-69 years) performed better on tasks of verbal episodic memory (immediate recall, delayed and recognition), language and executive functions of phonemic verbal fluency. It was also observed that the presence of depressive symptoms were associated with poorer performance on tasks of verbal episodic memory (immediate recall and delayed), and executive functions of phonemic verbal fluency. Furthermore, we observed that the intensity of depressive symptoms did not affect significantly the cognitive performance of elderly, but the presence of depressive symptoms. Thus, we can conclude that both age and the presence of depressive symptoms in the elderly may contribute to impaired cognitive performance.
Introdução : É esperado que o processo de envelhecimento normal seja acompanhado pelo declínio natural de habilidades tanto cognitivas, quanto físicas, contudo, não suficientes para causarem prejuízos na vida cotidiana e nem comprometerem a funcionalidade do indivíduo.Objetivos : O presente estudo deu origem a dois artigos, cada um com a sua proposta. O artigo 1 teve como objetivo geral avaliar o desempenho cognitivo de idosos do município de Porto Alegre, analisando as habilidades cognitivas relacionadas com as funções executivas de fluência verbal, linguagem e a memória episódica verbal (evocação imediata, tardia e reconhecimento). Além disso, foram analisadas as possíveis influências das variáveis sociodemográficas nos resultados. O artigo 2 teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos na amostra estudada e analisar a associação entre sintomas depressivos na velhice e funcionamento cognitivo. Para tanto, foram feitas comparações entre o desempenho cognitivo de idosos com e sem sintomas depressivos.Métodos : Os dois estudos tiveram delineamento quantitativo transversal, com a participação total de 306 idosos, com idade entre 60 e 79 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia da PUCRS. Todos os participantes preencheram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, a Ficha de Dados Sociodemográficos, o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, a Lista de Palavras da Bateria Cognitiva CERAD, o Teste de Memória Lógica de Weschler, o Teste de Nomeação de Boston, o Teste de Fluência Verbal fonêmica, o Teste de Fluência Verbal Categoria Animais e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica – versão reduzida.Resultados : O artigo 1 mostrou que os idosos mais jovens (60 a 69 anos) apresentaram melhor desempenho nas tarefas que avaliavam memória episódica verbal (evocação imediata, tardia e reconhecimento), fluência verbal (fonêmica) e linguagem (nomeação) em comparação ao idosos mais velhos (70 a 79 anos). O artigo 2 apontou uma prevalência de sintomas depressivos de 29,41% entre os idosos avaliados. Os resultados mostraram associação entre a presença de sintomas depressivos e o desempenho em tarefas cognitivas. Entretanto, observou-se que a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos não alterou o desempenho cognitivo dos idosos, mas sim a presença de sintomatologia.Conclusões : O estudo mostrou que os idosos com menos idade (60 a 69 anos) tiveram melhor desempenho nas tarefas de memória episódica verbal (evocação imediata, tardia e reconhecimento), linguagem e funções executivas de fluência verbal fonêmica. Observou-se também que a presença de sintomas depressivos levou a um pior desempenho nas tarefas de memória episódica verbal (evocação recente e tardia) e funções executivas de fluência verbal fonêmica. Além disso, observou que a intensidade de sintomas depressivos não afetou de maneira significativa o desempenho cognitivo dos idosos, mas sim a presença de sintomatologia depressiva. Assim, pode-se concluir que, tanto a idade como a presença de sintomatologia depressiva em idosos podem contribuir para um pior desempenho cognitivo.
Pureza, Janice da Rosa. "Funções executivas na segunda infância: comparação quanto à idade e correlação entre diferentes medidas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4914.
Full textExecutive functions (EF) have being focused in the literature due to its importance and complexity for human cognition and behavior. It refers to mental processes involved in conscious control of thoughts and actions, including a range of components with relation to other cognitive processes. Although several studies contemplate the development of EF, knowledge on this field, particularly focusing on children, is still incipient. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the typical EF development in second infancy from two empirical studies. The first study verified the role played by age in the development of 90 children from public schools, in tasks assessing executive components. Three different age groups (6-7, 8- 10 and 11-12 aged) were compared for performance in verbal fluency, random number generation, Bells Test, Hayling Test and N-Back tasks. The second study identified possible correlations between the different EF measures assessed. The sample was comprised of of 59 children, from 8 to 12 years old, studying at public schools, with the same instruments and procedures from the first study. Among the main results, Study 1 showed that age was an influent factor in all measured variables, with more frequent performance differences between 6-7 and 11-12 aged children. In Study 2, there were main correlations between inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Therefore, initial results suggest a progressive development of executive components in second childhood, as well as a closer relationship between some components and paradigms of EF assessment.
As funções executivas (FE) vem sendo objeto de grande interesse na literatura devido a sua importância e complexidade para a cognição e o comportamento humanos. São operações mentais envolvidas no controle consciente de pensamentos e ações, incluindo uma gama de componentes em relação com outros processos cognitivos. Apesar dos diversos estudos realizados sobre o desenvolvimento das FE, o conhecimento desta temática é incipiente, principalmente no que se refere à população infantil. Neste contexto, objetivou-se investigar o desenvolvimento típico de FE na segunda infância, a partir de dois estudos empíricos. O primeiro verificou o papel da idade no desempenho de 90 crianças, de escolas públicas, em tarefas que avaliam componentes executivos. Comparou-se o desempenho de três grupos etários (6-7, 8-10 e 11-12 anos de idade) em fluência verbal, geração aleatória de números, Teste de Cancelamento dos Sinos, Teste Hayling e N-Back. O segundo estudo buscou identificar possíveis correlações entre as diferentes medidas de FE examinadas. A amostra foi composta por 59 crianças de 8 a 12 anos, de escolas públicas, com os mesmos instrumentos e procedimentos do primeiro estudo. Dentre os principais resultados, no Estudo 1, observou-se que a idade influenciou em todas as variáveis mensuradas, com diferenças mais frequentes entre as crianças de 6 e 7 e de 11 e 12 anos. No Estudo 2, encontrou-se correlação entre componentes de inibição e flexibilidade cognitiva. Assim, resultados iniciais sugerem um desenvolvimento progressivo dos componentes executivos na segunda infância, assim como uma relação mais próxima entre alguns componentes e paradigmas de avaliação das FE.
Guimarães, Henrique Cerqueira. "Apatia e funções executivas em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer leve e em indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo leve amnéstico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-24042012-170109/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Apathy is the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in Alzheimer disease (AD), and has been related to several deleterious outcomes. Its neurobiology is still poorly understood, and some studies have suggested an association with frontostriatal circuits dysfunction. Most of this evidence comes from studies with mild to moderate AD patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between apathy and executive dysfunction in the very early stages of cognitive impairment in the context of AD. METHODS: 87 subjects were evaluated, being 28 with mild AD, 26 with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and 33 controls. The participants were submitted to a comprehensively evaluation consisting on the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSC), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Executive Interview (EXIT-25), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Disability Assessment in Dementia (DAD), and the Apathy Scale (AS). Correlations were investigated between AS scores and the performance in the cognitive measures within the two cognitively impaired groups (AD or aMCI) and also within combinations of them, considering aMCI convertion to AD. RESULTS: The AD group had mean age of 81.9 ± 4.8 years, and 2.5 ± 2.0 mean years of formal education, while the aMCI group had mean age of 80.8 ± 3.7 years and a mean of 3.7 ± 2.8 years of schooling. Controls were aged 79.5 ± 3.5 years, with 3.7 ± 3.3 years of education. The three groups did not differ statistically from each other regarding the main sociodemographic features. There was no correlation between any executive measure and AS scores. We found strong correlations between AS scores and functional performance evaluated with the DAD (rho= -0.70; p <0.001) in the AD group. There were also modest to moderate correlations between AS scores and DRS Attention subscale (rho= -0.59; p<0.01), and with delayed recall tasks of episodic memory tests from the BCSB (rho=-0.37; p<0.05) and the RAVLT (rho= -0.47 ; p< 0.05), when AD and aMCI converters were analysed toghether as a group. CONCLUSION: In this sample consisting of mild AD and aMCI subjects, with very low educational level, we failed to find any association between executive function tests performance and apathy symptoms measured with the AS
Brasil, Maria das Graças Nunes. "Disfunção executiva e fatores de risco para baixo desempenho escolar em crianças e adolescentes." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5244.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Poor school performance is a frequent complaint in pediatric clinics and represents a menace for the student’s future. Goal: To identify risk factors for poor school performance in children and teenagers and situate the executive dysfunction among them. Method: The present thesis was constructed in the model of a scientific paper. Initially, an introduction of the theme was made. In the first paper, titled “The modern view of the Executive Function and the legacy of Aleksandr Romanovich Luria”, we compared Luria’s thinking with the contemporary theoretical models that underlie the concept of executive function. In the second paper titled “Executive Function and school performance in children and teenagers” we revised the association between executive function and school performance. We used the PubMed database (United States National Library of Medicine), between the period of 2000 and 2013. In the third paper titled “The executive dysfunction as a risk factor for poor school performance: case-control study” we reported a case-control study paired by sex and age, involving children and teenagers from a public school of Goiânia, Goiás. We selected 30 students retained in their previous classes, in 2011 (cases), and compared them to 30 students of the same sex, same school, similar age and who were approved (control). The school assessed school performance while the executive function was assessed through a neuropsychological protocol and a neuropsychiatric clinic evaluation performed by trained professionals with clinical experience. For data analysis we used the bivariate comparison technique and logistic regression in order to determinate associations for non-parametrical data in the two groups assessed. Results: The first paper showed that Luria described the executive function in his Functional Systems Theory. The second study evidenced associations between executive function and school performance found in ten research papers. In the third, the multivariate model of logistic regression pointed to an injury on planning and in mental flexibility, which are components of the executive function (p=0,025; O.R.=15,60) as a significant predictive variable. Conclusion: Injuries on the executive Abstract xv function, especially in planning and mental flexibility, are presented as risk factors for poor school performance in children and teenagers.
O baixo desempenho escolar é queixa frequente nos ambulatórios pediátricos e pode representar uma ameaça para o futuro do estudante. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco para o baixo desempenho escolar em crianças e adolescentes e situar a disfunção executiva entre eles. Método: A presente tese foi construída no modelo de artigos científicos. Inicialmente, fez-se uma introdução sobre o tema. No primeiro artigo com o título “A visão moderna da Função Executiva e o legado de Aleksandr Romanovich Luria”, comparou-se o pensamento de Luria aos modelos teóricos atuais para fundamentar o conceito de função executiva. No segundo artigo denominado: “Função Executiva e desempenho escolar em crianças e adolescentes” foi feita revisão sobre a associação entre função executiva e desempenho escolar. Utilizou-se a base de dados PubMed (United States National Library of Medicine), compreendendo o período entre 2000 e 2013. No terceiro artigo intitulado “A disfunção executiva como fator de risco para baixo desempenho escolar: estudo caso-controle” foi relatado um estudo tipo caso-controle pareado por sexo e idade, envolvendo crianças e adolescentes de uma escola pública de Goiânia, Goiás. Foram selecionados 30 escolares retidos na série, no ano de 2011 (casos) e comparados a 30 estudantes do mesmo sexo, mesma escola, idade próxima e que foram aprovados (controles). O rendimento escolar foi avaliado pela escola e a função executiva através de protocolo neuropsicológico e avaliação clínica neuropsiquiátrica, realizados por profissionais treinados e com experiência clinica. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se comparações bivariadas e regressão logística a fim de determinar associações para dados não paramétricos nos dois grupos avaliados. Resultados: O primeiro artigo mostrou que Luria descreveu a função executiva na Teoria dos Resumo xiii Sistemas Funcionais. O segundo estudo evidenciou associações entre função executiva e rendimento escolar em dez pesquisas selecionadas. No terceiro, o modelo multivariado de regressão logística apontou prejuízo no planejamento e na flexibilidade mental, componentes da função executiva (p=0,025; O.R.=15,60) como variável previsora significativa. Conclusão: Prejuízos na função executiva, especialmente no planejamento e na flexibilidade mental, se apresentaram como fatores de risco para baixo rendimento escolar em crianças e adolescentes.
Conti, Juliana. "Teste de desempenho da função executiva: adaptação transcultural, avaliação das propriedades psicométricas e validade de constructo em indivíduos com acidente vascular cerebral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-13092018-091817/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairments occur in 30-55% of patients with stroke and contribute significantly to functional dependence. Executive dysfunction occurs in 18.5% to 39% of patients who present cognitive impairments. Occupational therapy aims to facilitate independence and autonomy, hence improving quality of life. Adequate assessment of executive dysfunction is required in order to plan rehabilitation. There is a lack of validated tools that occupational therapists can use to assess executive dysfunction in individuals with stroke in Brazil. The Executive Function Performance Test was developed in the United States by occupational therapists, in order to assess the need for assistance to perform four basic daily tasks: prepare a quick meal, make a phone call, take the prescribed medication and pay two utility bills. The objectives of this work are to: (1) perform the cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate the psychometric properties (internal consistency, intra and inter rater reliabilities) of the Brazilian version of the Executive Function Performance Test in patients with stroke; (2) evaluate the construct validity of the Executive Function Performance Test; (3) evaluate the relation between scores in the Executive Function Performance Test in patients with stroke and demographic variables, location of the lesion, symptoms of anxiety and depression. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Neurostimulation Laboratory of the Clinical Neurology Division at Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo University. We evaluated 86 patients with stroke between 02/05/2013 and 06/05/2016. Internal Consistency was assessed by Cronbach\'s alpha. The inter- and intra rater reliabilities were assessed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Construct validity was evaluated by correlations between scores in the Executive Function Performance test and scores in other tools used for assessment of executive function, cognitive screening, scales of body structures impairments, participation and activity as well as instrumental activities of daily living. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess these correlations. RESULTS: The scale´s Cronbach\'s alpha was 0.819. The ICC for assessment of intra rater reliability was 0.435 (confidence interval, 0.096 -0.684). The ICC for assessment of intra examiner reliability was 0.855 (confidence interval, 0.516 to 0.855). There were statistically significant correlations between scores in the Executive Function Performance Test and the following scales: Verbal Fluency, rho = -0.452 (p = 0.001); Clock Test, rho = -0.324 (p = 0.002); Digit Span test (forward), rho = -0.219 (p = 0.042); Digit Span test (backwards) rho = -0.324 (p = 0.002); Zoo map test, r = -0.388 (p = 0.001); Modified Six elements test, rho = -0.463 (p = 0.001); Mini Mental State Examination, rho = -0.352 (p = 0.001); Incidental memory (Brief Cognitive Battery), rho = -0.252 (p = 0.019); Immediate memory 1 (Brief Cognitive Battery), rho = -0.308 (p = 0.004); Delayed memory (Brief Cognitive Battery), rho = -0.239 (p = 0.027); Functional Activities Questionnaire (Pfeffer), rho = 0.420 (p = 0.001); and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale rho = -0.313 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: EFPT-BR is a valid and reliable tool for Occupational Therapists to evaluate the executive dysfunction in daily routine tasks in patients with stroke in Brazil
Santana, Jeanny Joana Rodrigues Alves de. "A função executiva de atualização de informações na memória de trabalho para a ordem serial de eventos visuais e espaciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-24102013-150940/.
Full textIn the multicomponent model of working memory is still unclear how the serial order of visual and spatial events is retained in memory. The literature suggests that the central executive resources (the attentional control system of working memory) are used to maintain the representation of serial position. More precisely, it is proposed that the executive function of updating information is involved with this process. This function makes continuous modification of mental representation to accommodate new information in the cognitive system. However, until now had not yet been determined whether there is a visual-spatial dissociation in use of executive function of updating information for the registration of serial order. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the executive function of updating information in memory for the order of visual and spatial events. Participants were undergraduate students (n = 71) who performed memory tasks designed under the paradigm of dual-tasks. In this procedure the primary tasks of visual and spatial memory were combined with secondary executive tasks of choice reaction time (CRT) and tasks that occupied resources required to update the information (one-back choice reaction time CRT-1). In the CRT task the participant should judge two auditory tones as high or low frequency. In CRT-1 task this response should be delayed in one item, that is, the response to the n stimulus should only be given when the n + 1 stimulus was presented. The secondary tasks were performed during the presentation of the stimuli and the retention interval of the primary tasks. In the first experiment the capacity (span) to retain spatial and visual information was established in pre-test session, and in the second experiment the participants memorized sequences of three to seven items. The results showed that, overall, participants\' performance on primary tasks was impaired by interference on the updating information. The similarities between visual and spatial serial memory were: primacy and recency in serial position curves; most frequent serial position error of transposition in one item; detrimental effect of increasing the size of the sequence, performance impaired by the interference in the executive resources, especially those designed to support the executive function of updating information. The differences between the two types of serial representation, in general, were: smaller capacity and precision in the representation of visual items as compared to the spatial characteristics; the vulnerability of visual memory to the increasing the amount of items is bigger than in spatial memory, and for visual memory there is not a clear differentiation between the effects of two types of executive interference (CRT and CRT-1) as could be determined for the spatial task. We conclude that executive resources of updating information are part of the mechanisms involved in the registration of the serial order of visual and spatial events, and they work in an integrated manner to specific visuospatial resources. The data suggests that visual memory has a mechanism for registration of serial order like spatial memory, and the differences between the two patterns of performance are attributed to the maintenance of identity of the items, and not the maintenance of serial order. Implications for understanding the functional interaction between storage resources and processing of information in working memory are discussed.
Sun, Ingrid Ya I. "Funções executivas na terapia de linguagem nos transtornos do espectro do autismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-01032017-133300/.
Full textThe Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurobiological disorder that involves deficits in the development of language, cognition and social aspects. The interdependence of the areas of language and cognition and the factors involved in the therapeutic process of this population has been increasingly researched. This study was designed to verify the impact of the executive functions stimulation (EFS) in language development, especially in the pragmatic aspects of communication, through the evaluation of the functional profile of Communication (FPC) and the Sociocognitive Performance (SCP). Two stimulation programs were performed. The first study proposed that the EFS was conducted at home by the parents of six children with autism, during a 10-week period without therapeutic intervention, with weekly monitoring performed by the researcher. The second study proposed the EFS conducted by the therapist during regular speech-language therapy, during 12 weeks. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed. Correlations were observed between the effectiveness of the EFS and the targeted skills. The evolution was assessed through the FPC and SCP protocols. These results stress the need for the speech language therapist to approach cognitive issues in the work with language development of children with ASD. Besides that, the value of considering and involving parents and/or caregivers in the therapeutic process became clear
Czermainski, Fernanda Rasch. "Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas no transtorno do espectro do autismo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/63201.
Full textThis dissertation aimed to investigate executive function in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In the first study, we performed a systematic review of publications from 2001 to 2011, which assessed executive function in this sample. In the second study, was done a performance comparison of two groups of children and adolescents, a group with ASD (n=11) and a control group with typical development (n=19), in tasks of executive function and working memory. It was concluded that, although the review study has found evidence of intact (problem-solving, working memory) and dysfunctional (planning, flexibility, verbal fluency, inhibition) executive components in samples with ASD, the empirical study indicated lower performance of executive function in ASD group, involving components of inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory and verbal fluency.
Manfrinato, Herson Mauro. "Os impactos da globalização na função dos presidentes das subsidiarias de empresas multinacionais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5864.
Full textTrata do problema das mudanças impostas pela globalização às funções dos presidentes das subsidiárias, da transferência de poder decisório destas para a matriz e das consequências destas transformações à motivação e perfil dos ocupantes destes cargos. Aborda as causas da globalização da empresa, as transformações da estrutura organizacional e das unidades de negócios como sendo as novas áreas chave nas empresas, em detrimento do poder antes residente nas subsidiárias.
Mata, Mayara Silva da. "Efeitos agudos do álcool em universitários, considerando o fracionamento de funções executivas." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/304.
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O álcool elicia prejuízo em habilidades cognitivas, tais como as funções executivas (FE), que incluem vários constructos distinguíveis. Assim, o conhecimento dos efeitos agudos desta substância sobre os constructos das FE é necessário para melhor caracterizar seus potenciais efeitos cognitivos. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos agudos do álcool no desempenho de seis constructos eleitos das funções executivas (alternância, atualização, inibição, eficiência do acesso à memória de longo prazo, planejamento, dupla tarefa) em jovens saudáveis. Metodologia: Foram recrutados 45 indivíduos do sexo masculino com idades entre 18 e 30 anos que eram bebedores sociais. Eles foram alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos de 15 participantes: um grupo cuja dose de álcool era de 0,6 g/kg de peso; outro de 1,0 g/kg de peso; e o grupo placebo. Resultados: Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre grupos nos testes executivos. Discussão: Foram determinados os tamanhos de amostras necessários para a observação de efeitos de álcool nesta população, que foram em geral bastante elevados. Conclusão: O presente estudo foi pioneiro no Brasil no âmbito proposto e encontrou magnitudes de efeito de relevância clínica para os constructos: alternância, fluência semântica, inibição e atualização.
Alcohol (ethanol) elicits impairment in cognitive abilities such as executive functions (EF), which includes various separable constructs. Thus, knowledge of the acute effects of this substance on the constructs of EF is necessary to better characterize its potential cognitive effects. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of alcohol on performance of six elected constructs of executive functions (shifting, updating, inhibition, access to long-term memory, planning, dual-tasking) in young healthy individuals. Methods: we recruited 45 male subjects aged between 18 and 30 years who were social drinkers. They were randomly allocated to three groups of 15 participants: one group whose alcohol dose was 0.6 g / kg; another group whose dose was 1.0 g / kg; and the placebo group. Results: No group significant differences were found in the executive tests. Discussion: It was determined the sample size necessary to monitor the effects of alcohol in this population were generally quite high. Conclusion: The present study was pioneer in Brazil in the proposed framework and found effect magnitudes of clinical relevance for the constructs: shifting, semantic fluency, inhibition and updating.
Afiune, Fernanda Guedes. "Alterações cognitivas em pacientes idosos com insuficiência cardíaca." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7524.
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Among the various diseases that affect the elderly stand out from them cardiovascular disease among them heart failure (HF). Recently seeks to check for cognitive impairment associated with physical and psychological damage commonly known in the IC. We analyzed a population of patients with heart failure in order to compare their cognitive performance with that of individuals with normal aging in paired age. It was also verified whether there was any more specific impairment of some cognitive function in these HF patients. Through neuropsychological tests it was compared to 78 elderly and 37 in the control group (mean age 68.3 ± 6.3), 41 clinical group with mean age of 68.6 ± 6.9). The subjects were matched to the level of education with a predominance of elderly people with 0-4 years of education (65.9% in the Clinical Group and 59.5% in the control group). We used 11 neuropsychological tests covering the cognitive functions: attention, language, memory, mood and executive function. The results showed significant differences mainly in executive functions which include planning capacity, organization, alternation and evocation of Previously stored information. Cognitive performance in other functions was similar between the groups. The data collected when indicating cognitive impairment in individuals with HF, suggest that new studies be performed with this population since the impairments in cognitive abilities have implications in the daily life of the individual, in their independence and quality of life, as well as in adherence to treatment.
Dentre as diversas patologias que acometem os idosos destacam-se as doenças cardiovasculares, entre elas a Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC). Recentemente, busca-se verificar a existência de prejuízos cognitivos associados a prejuízos físicos e psicológicos, comumente conhecidos na IC. Analisamos uma população de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com o objetivo de comparar seu desempenho cognitivo com o de indivíduos com envelhecimento normal em idade pareada. Verificou-se, ainda, se havia nesses pacientes com IC algum comprometimento mais específico de alguma função cognitiva. Foram utilizados onze testes neuropsicológicos abrangendo as funções cognitivas: atenção, linguagem, memória, humor e função executiva. A amostra foi composta de 78 idosos ao total. O grupo controle foi composto de 37 indivíduos (com idade média de 68,3 ± 6,3) e o grupo clínico de 41 indivíduos (com idade média de 68,6 ± 6,9). Os sujeitos foram pareados em relação ao nível de escolaridade, com predomínio de idosos com 0 a 4 anos de estudo (65,9% no Grupo Clínico e 59,5 % no Grupo Controle). Os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, principalmente nas funções executivas, que englobam capacidade de planejamento, organização, alternância e evocação da informação anteriormente armazenada. O desempenho atentivo mostrou-se alterado no que se refere à atenção alternada, bem como no que diz respeito à velocidade de processamento, tendo o grupo clínico mostrado pior desempenho nessas habilidades. A memória de curto prazo também possui pior desempenho no grupo clínico, grupo que, ademais, apresentou dificuldades na memória de longo prazo, sofrendo interferência de prejuízos executivos nessa habilidade. Os dados colhidos ao apontarem prejuízos cognitivos nos indivíduos com IC sugerem que novos estudos sejam realizados com essa população, visto que os prejuízos nas habilidades cognitivas implicam em danos no cotidiano do indivíduo, na sua independência e na qualidade de vida, bem como na adesão ao tratamento.
Bedeschi, Cynthia. "Treino de marcha com demandas motoras e cognitivas integradas em um contexto funcional em pacientes com doença de Parkinson." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-10012014-083658/.
Full textParkinson\'s disease (PD) is one of the most frequent degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Despite being classically described as a motor disorder, non-motor symptoms such as cognitive disorders are also part of the disease, and may be present even before patients become aware of their motor disorders. The main cognitive domains that are affected in PD are executive functions (EF). They consist of a number of higher-order functions, which are crucial for cognition, emotion and behavior. Several studies address influence of EF upon gait control, since gait is no longer considered as a purely automatic motor act. In fact, there are cognitive components in the generalization and maintenance of a normal consistent gait pattern. This helps explain why damages in EF affect gait control in PD, and gait affects EF. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an original gait training with challenging motor and cognitive demands, which are integrated in a functional context in patients with early PD. It consists of a blind randomized clinical trial, which was conducted at the Brazil Parkinson\'s Association in Sao Paulo. In the procedure 25 patients, with PD in stages 1 to 2.5 on Hoehn & Yahr scale, were randomly assigned to experimental group (13 subjects) and control group (12 subjects). Training consisted of 10 sessions, 60 minutes each. Sessions were divided into global mobility exercises (25 minutes) and training (35 minutes). Sessions occurred twice a week over five weeks. Experimental training consisted of a gait training with challenging motor demands and cognitive demands. There were six tasks that demanded important EF involved in gait performance, which were integrated into a functional context. Control training consisted only of challenging motor demands. Measures included: (1) Dynamic Gait Index (DGI); (2) Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); (3) gait test for 30 seconds in dual-cognitive task; (4) session II of the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey tests were used to assess the existence of differences 14 within each group, in measures taken before training, after training, and in a follow-up 60 days after training. Both groups showed improvement in DGI, MoCA, gait test in dual-cognitive task, and session II of the UPDRS. However, in the follow-up assessment 60 days after training different trends were observed between the groups: EG showed a tendency to maintain gains, whereas CG showed a tendency to remission of gains. In conclusion, PD patients showed improvements in motor, cognitive and functional areas through a combination of a training based on challenging cognitive tasks on gait integrated in a functional context. Such gains were possibly more stable than those derived from gait training alone
Scheffer, Morgana. "Esclerose múltipla : funcionamento executivo, velocidade de processamento da informação e estresse medido através do cortisol e de autorrelato." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181084.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of executive functions (EF), the relationship with information processing speed and subjective and physiological measures of stress in individuals diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS); mild and moderate disability, evaluated by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Initially, the literature on stress and EF in MS is systematically reviewed. In the second study, we present the data of the comparison between groups in the EF performance and the correlations between the cognition and the speed of information processing. The groups studied were: healthy controls (n = 35); MS with EDDS 3 (n = 37); MS with EDSS between 4-6 (n = 32). The MS group with EDSS between 4-6 had worse performance in inhibitory control and planning in comparison to the other groups, and the significant correlations between the information processing speed and the performance of the EF were more evident in the control and MS groups with EDDS 3. In the third study, data are presented on correlations between EF and stress measures through perception and cortisol in healthy controls (n = 35) and MS (n = 69). The data showed minimal associations between cortisol, especially the influence of low cortisol levels on inhibitory control and problem-solving-cognitive flexibility in the MS group compared to the healthy controls group. We concluded that the performance of EF may be associated with the level of disability measured by the EDSS of individuals diagnosed with MS, and the speed of information processing seems not to be significantly associated to the EF of individuals with greater disability. In the present sample, perceived stress was not associated with EF, but low levels of cortisol appear to impair certain executive subcomponents in the MS group. However, data from the systematic review showed an indirect association between the perception of stress and the performance of EF after different interventions.
Mozzambani, Adriana Cristine Fonseca [UNIFESP]. "Estudo prospectivo de atenção e funções executivas em vítimas de violência urbana com transtorno do estresse pós-traumático." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39416.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo: Evidências científicas mostraram correlações significativas entre os sintomas do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e déficits no processamento cognitivo. Modelos explicativos usam dados de estudos neuropsicológicos que mostram perdas em áreas como memória, atenção, orientação espacial, regulação do comportamento emocional e funções executivas. Compreender como esses déficits correlacionam com sintomas do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em estudos prospectivos podem fornecer argumentos para melhorar modelos explicativos de mecanismos patológicos desta doença. Objetivo: Avaliar prospectivamente adultos vítimas de violência urbana que sofrem do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, considerando seu impacto na atenção, funções executivas e os fatores associados a estas Mudanças. Método: reaplicação de uma bateria de testes neuropsicológicos em uma coorte de quarenta e três pacientes com transtorno de estresse pós-traumático devido à violência urbana. Os pacientes participaram antes de um estudo caso-controle. Convidamos esses pacientes nesse estudo a partir de um estudo epidemiológico realizado na cidade de São Paulo. Na sua inclusão, esses pacientes foram avaliados e tratados no Programa de Cuidados e Tratamento da Violência da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Eles foram submetidos a uma avaliação clínica e neuropsicológica que reavaliamos posteriormente. Os períodos de reavaliação variaram de um mínimo de três e máximo de seis anos após o tratamento. Também reaplicamos a Escala de Estresse Pós-Traumático Clínico - Administrada, e o inventário de Depressão de Beck. Administramos uma bateria de testes neuropsicológicos: Dígitos - ordem direta e inversa, Spatial Span - ordem direta e inversa, Stroop, e Wisconsin Card Sort Test.Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram melhora clínica evidenciada por uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa nas escalas no follow-up. Em relação aos testes neuropsicológicos, foram encontradas diferenças significativas no follow-up, como um número reduzido de erros perseverativos no Wisconsin (p = 0,004) e um aumento no span do subteste dígitos ordem inversa (p = 0,007). Estas mudanças estão diretamente associadas com o nível de escolaridade (p = 0,030), e sintomas do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (p = 0,005). Os pacientes, em média, mostraram uma melhoria nos sintomas de estresse pós- traumático e depressão na xiii reavaliação. Conclusão: Os dados mostraram uma melhora no desempenho cognitivo das funções executivas, como memória operacional e flexibilidade cognitiva ao longo dos anos. Essas melhorias são significativas para os pacientes com mais anos de escolaridade e para aqueles que se recuperaram clinicamente. Os dados sugerem que a gravidade da patologia do estresse pós-traumático afeta a flexibilidade cognitiva e, quanto maior a gravidade, maior o risco de erros perseverativos.
Abstract: Scientific evidence showed significant correlations between symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and deficits in cognitive processing. Explanatory models use data from neuropsychological studies showing losses in areas such as memory, attention, spatial orientation, regulation of emotional behavior, and executive functions. Understanding how these deficits correlate with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in prospective studies can provide arguments to improve explanatory models of pathological mechanisms of this disorder. Objective: To prospectively evaluate adult victims of urban violence suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder, considering its impact on attention, executive functions, and the factors associated with these changes. Method: Reapplication of a battery of neuropsychological tests on a cohort of 43 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to urban violence. The patients participated in a case-control study before. We invited these patients in that study from an epidemiological study conducted in the city of São Paulo. At their inclusion, these patients were evaluated and treated at Program of Care and Treatment of Violence at the Federal University of São Paulo. They underwent a clinical and neuropsychological assessment, and we reassessed them afterward. The periods of reassessment ranged from a minimum of three and maximum of six years after treatment. We also re-applied the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Scales, and the Beck Depression Inventory scales. We administered a battery of neuropsychological tests: Digit Span (forward and backward), Spatial Span (forward and backward), Stroop, and Wisconsin Card Sort Test. Results: Patients showed a clinical improvement evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Scales and the Beck Depression Inventory scales scores at follow-up. Regarding neuropsychological testing, significant differences were found at follow-ups such as a reduced number of perseverative errors in Wisconsin Card Sort Test (p=0.004) and an increase in the span of the backward digit subtest (p=0.007). These changes are directly associated with education level (p = 0.030), and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (p = 0.005). Patients on average showed an improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms at re-evaluation. Conclusion: The data showed an improvement in cognitive performance of executive functions such as working xv memory and cognitive flexibility over the years. These enhancements are significant for better-educated patients, and for those that recovery clinically. The data suggests that the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder pathology affects cognitive flexibility, the greater the severity, bigger was the risk of making perseverative errors.
JANNKE, Marcela Renata Gonçalves Zilio. "Adaptação transcultural da subescala de funções executivas do teste Barcelona: versão para idosos." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2017. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/643.
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The objective of this study was to was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of a subscale that evaluates the Executive Functions of the “Programa Integrado de Exploração Neuropsicológica - Teste Barcelona (PIEN-TB II)” for the portuguese language. The adapted tests are Category Evocation, Similarities, Situation and Proverb Understanding, Number Key, Interference Resistance, and Inversion of Automatic Series. The experimental version was applied to 120 participants aged 65-87 years, from a region in southern Brazil. Several studies were carried out in search of the psychometric characteristics of the subscale. The exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, identifying a one-dimensional model; In the analysis of internal consistency this factor showed homogeneity among the items (α = 0.67). For the criterion validity study, the general EF score was correlated with the performance obtained on the Wechsler Short Intelligence Scale and on the Wisconsin test and the scores suggested evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Some theoretical hypotheses were found, pointing out that the best performance in EFs was observed among the elderly who were younger, more educated, who had mastered a second language and who used social networks. It can be concluded that the EFs subscale of the PIEN-TB II adapted presented an equivalence in relation to the original version and satisfactory psychometric properties for the application directed to the elderly population.
O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural de uma subescala que avalia as Funções Executivas (FE) do Programa Integrado de Exploração Neuropsicológica - Teste Barcelona (PIEN-TB II) para a língua portuguesa. As provas adaptadas são Evocação Categorial, Semelhanças, Compreensão de Situações e Provérbios, Chave de Números, Resistência à Interferência e Inversão de séries Automáticas. A versão experimental foi aplicada em 120 participantes com idades entre 65 e 87 anos, de uma região no sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas várias análises para evidenciar as características psicométricas da subescala. Procedeu-se a análise fatorial exploratória identificando-se um modelo unidimensional; na análise da consistência interna este fator mostrou homogeneidade entre os itens (α = 0,67). Para o estudo de validade de critério o escore geral das FEs foi correlacionado com o desempenho obtido na Escala Wechsler Abreviada de Inteligência e no Wisconsin e os escores sugeriram evidências de validade convergente e discriminante. Algumas hipóteses teóricas foram também constatadas, ressaltando que o melhor desempenho nas FEs foi observado entre os idosos que tinham menos idade, mais escolaridade, que dominavam um segundo idioma e que faziam uso de redes sociais. Pode-se concluir que a subescala de FEs do PIEN-TB II adaptada apresentou equivalência em relação à versão original e propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para a aplicação direcionada à população de idosos.
Silva, Keyte Guedes da. "Efeitos de um treinamento com o Nintendo® Wii sobre o equilíbrio postural e funções executivas de idosos saudáveis, um estudo clínico longitudinal, controlado e aleatorizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-30072013-122720/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to compare the effects obtained through a physical therapy training associated with games Nintendo® Wii Fit with physical therapy training alone on balance and cognition in older adults. It was a prospective, controlled, single blinded randomized clinical trial performed at Speech Therapy, Physiotherapy and Occupational Department of São Paulo University. 32 healthy older adults in the community participated of this study and were randomized in control and experimental groups, 16 each one. All subjects performed 14 individual training sessions, twice a week, for seven weeks. Each session was composed of a 30 minutes global exercises series including stretching, muscles strengthen and axial mobility exercises. After the exercises global, both groups performed more 30 minutes of balance training: the experimental group performed the balance training associated with games of Nintendo® Wii Fit, and the control group standard balance exercises. The main outcome measures were: (1) Mini-Balance Evaluation System (Mini-BEST); (2) Unipedal Stance Test; (3) Efficacy Scale International Falls (FES-I); (4) Scale of Activities of Daily Living (EAVD) and (5) Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA in order to assess possible differences among the analyzed variables. Results showed statistically significant improvement in the measures evaluated in the experimental group, without any significant changes after 60 days. Wii Fit training appears to improve balance, cognition and functionality of healthy elderly compared to conventional training preconized, which indicates that videogame mat be a useful additional tool to physical therapy toward the early prevention of cognitive and motor changes in the elderly
Freire, Tania Cristina. "Associações entre funções executivas e o desenho na idade pré-escolar : comparações entre paralisia cerebral e desenvolvimento típico." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2016. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2968.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is currently described as a group of conditions characterized by motor disorders resulting from a non progressive damage in the immature brain, and may cause sensory deficits. Recent studies show that children with CP may also have deficits in executive functions such as difficulty in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory, may cause social and educational constraints. Previous studies point to inhibitory control as having an important role in the development of drawing in preschool children with typical development. But it remains to be explored whether there is a similar relationship in children with CP. This study compared a group of children with CP and a group of typically developing children in terms of their performance in executive functioning tasks and in drawing execution quality. Associations between drawing and executive functioning in each of the groups were also analyzed. The following assessment instruments were used: (1) Semantic Stroop test for preschool children in order to assess the inhibitory control; (2) Trail Making Test for preschoolers in the assessment of cognitive flexibility; (3) Children's Working Memory Test; (4) Backward Word Span; and (5) Forward and Backward Digit Span, to assess working memory; and (6) drawing task, which was classified according to an adaptation of the proposal by Parkin and Cox (1986). Twenty-eight children were evaluated, divided into 14 in the CP group and 14 in the control group, matched for age, sex, cognitive level and type of school. The results show that children with CP had a significantly lower performance in the quality of the drawing. Regarding executive functioning, differences were found in some aspects of cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control (with worse performances by the PC group). However, the groups were indistinguishable in working memory. Regarding the correlations, the results of the control group corroborate a previous study, as a significant association between inhibitory control and development of drawing was observed. However, in the CP group, correlations were observed between drawing quality and the other executive functions. These results point to differences in drawing level and executive functioning of children with CP compared to those with typical development. Furthermore, the pattern of associations between quality of drawing and executive functioning was different between the two groups, suggesting an important role of inhibitory control as well as aspects of working memory (and, to a lesser degree, cognitive flexibility) for the development of drawing in children with CP. These results encourage the use of drawing activities not only in academic but also in rehabilitation contexts.
A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) atualmente é descrita como um grupo de condições caracterizadas por alterações motoras decorrentes de uma lesão não progressiva no encéfalo imaturo, podendo causar também déficits sensoriais. Estudos recentes apontam que crianças com PC podem apresentar também déficits em funções executivas como dificuldade de controle inibitório, flexibilidade cognitiva e memória de trabalho, podendo causar restrições sociais e educacionais. Estudos prévios pontuam o controle inibitório como tendo um papel importante no desenvolvimento do desenho em crianças pré-escolares com desenvolvimento típico. Porém, permanece por explorar se existe uma relação semelhante em crianças com PC. O presente estudo comparou o desempenho de um grupo de crianças com PC e um grupo de crianças com desenvolvimento típico em tarefas de funcionamento executivo bem como a qualidade de execução do desenho. Foram também analisadas as relações entre o desenho e o funcionamento executivo em cada um dos grupos. Para isso foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: (1) Teste de Stroop semântico para pré-escolares afim de avaliar o controle inibitório; (2) Teste das trilhas para pré-escolares na avaliação da flexibilidade cognitiva; (3) Teste infantil de memória de trabalho; (4) Palavras ordem inversa; e (5) Dígitos ordem direta e inversa, para avaliação da memória de trabalho; e (6) Tarefa do desenho, sendo esta classificada de acordo com uma adaptação da proposta de Cox e Parkin (1986). Foram avaliadas 28 crianças de 4 e 5 anos, divididas em 14 do grupo de PC e 14 do grupo controle, pareadas por idade, sexo, nível cognitivo e tipo de escola. Os resultados revelaram que as crianças com PC apresentaram um desempenho significativamente inferior na qualidade do desenho. Relativamente ao funcionamento executivo, foram encontradas diferenças ao nível de alguns aspectos da flexibilidade cognitiva e do controle inibitório (com piores desempenhos por parte do grupo PC) em medidas de tempo. Porém, os grupos não se distinguiram nas avaliações de memória de trabalho. Quanto às correlações, os resultados do grupo controle corroboram um estudo prévio, tendo sido verificada uma associação significativa entre controle inibitório e a fase do desenho. Porém, no grupo de crianças com PC, foram observadas correlações entre a fase do desenho e as demais funções executivas. Estes resultados apontam para diferenças a nível do desenho bem como de funcionamento executivo referentes a tempo de resposta das crianças com PC quando comparadas ao grupo com desenvolvimento típico. Além disso, o padrão de associações entre qualidade do desenho e funcionamento executivo foi diferenciado entre os dois grupos, sugerindo uma relação do controle inibitório, bem como de aspectos da memória de trabalho (e em menor grau da flexibilidade cognitiva) para a execução do desenho em crianças com PC. Os resultados do presente estudo são encorajadores do uso do desenho como ferramenta lúdica não apenas em contextos acadêmicos, mas também na reabilitação.
Faria, Elaine Leporate Barroso. "Relação entre memória de trabalho e compreensão da leitura: um estudo teórico." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2483.
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Este estudo apresenta considerações sobre a memória de trabalho, componente da função executiva, e os possíveis impactos no processo de aprendizagem, partindo dos pressupostos teóricos da neuropsicologia cognitiva. Discutimos, também, a relação entre a memória de trabalho e o desempenho dos leitores em tarefas de compreensão de textos escritos. Os objetivos visam compreender como a memória de trabalho se relaciona com o processo de aprendizagem, para se tentar explicar o porquê dos déficits na memória de trabalho poderem causar prejuízo no desempenho de tarefas cognitivas e, também, investigar a relação entre memória de trabalho e compreensão da leitura através da identificação dos fundamentos teóricos que sustentam a hipótese de que a memória de trabalho esteja associada com habilidades de compreensão da leitura. Estudos sugerem que as dificuldades de aprendizagem enfrentadas por algumas crianças estejam relacionadas com a sobrecarga na memória de trabalho o que pode comprometer o desempenho em atividades cognitivas diárias tais como as atividades rotineiras de sala de aula. Os recursos da memória de trabalho parecem afetar a capacidade individual para realizar muitos dos processos associados com a construção da representação de texto, como os processos de integração e inferência. Falhas em variáveis de processamento e conhecimento podem levar a dificuldades de compreensão abrangendo processamento lexical ineficiente, prejuízo na habilidade de inferência e na capacidade de monitoramento da compreensão, além de limitações da memória de trabalho.
This study presents considerations on the working memory component of the brain executive function, and the possible impacts on the learning process, starting from the theoretical assumptions of cognitive neuropsychology. We also discuss the relation between working memory and the readers‟ performance on written texts comprehension tasks. The objectives aim to understand how working memory relates to the learning process, in order to try to explain why the deficits in working memory can impair the performance of cognitive tasks and also, investigate the relation among working memory and reading comprehension by identifying the theoretical foundation that supports the hypothesis that the working memory is associated to abilities of reading comprehension. Studies suggest that the learning difficulties faced by some children are related with the overload on working memory which can impair performance in cognitive activities such as daily routine activities of the classroom. The resources of working memory seem to affect the individual ability to perform many of the associated processes with the construction of the text representation, such as the integration and inference processes. Failures in the processing variables and knowledge can lead to comprehension difficulties covering inefficient lexical processing, impaired ability of inference and the ability of comprehension monitoring beyond working memory limitations.
Goya, Thiago Tanaka. "Efeitos do treinamento físico na atividade nervosa simpática muscular e desempenho executivo durante o Stroop Color Word Test em indivíduos com apneia obstrutiva do sono." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-23042018-125419/.
Full textIntroduction: Autonomic alterations and reduced cognitive performance have been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Previous studies have shown that exercise training (ET) reduces muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during tests that demand greater cognitive demand in obeses and heart failure patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of physical training on MSNA and executive performance during the inhibitory control and attention span test in patients with OSA. Methods: Thirty-three patients with OSA (apnea and hyponea índex = 43 ± 5 events per hour of sleep, age = 52 ± 1 years, body mass index = 30 ± 1 kg/m²) and without other comorbidities were randomized into a untrained group (n = 15) and exercise-trained group (n = 18). The MSNA (microneurography), heart rate (electrocardiogram), mean arterial pressure ( oscillometric methods) were collected during 4 minutes at rest followed by the 3-minute application of the Stroop Color Word test (SCWT), known as mental stress test. Oxygen consumption at peak exercise (VO2 peak) was evaluated by ergospirometry. Executive performance was assessed by the total correct colors spoken during 3 minutes of SCWT. The ET consisted of 3 weekly sessions of aerobic exercise, resisted exercises and flexibility for the 6-month period. Results: The groups were similar in relation to level of schooling, mini mental state examination, body mass index, VO2 peak, ejection fraction, heart rate, resting blood pressure and subjective perception of stress (P > 0.05). The ET increased the peak oxygen consumption (P < 0.05), reduced AHI (P < 0.05), arousal index (P < 0.05) and O2 desaturation events (P < 0.05) and weight (P < 0.05). The ET also reduced MSNA both at baseline and during cognitive effort throughout the SCWT application (P < 0.05). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure during SCWT did not differ between groups (P > 0.05); however, both groups showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in heart rate (in the 3 minutes of SCWT) in baseline and increase mean arterial pressure (at the 2nd and 3rd minutes of SCWT) in relation to the baseline and at the 1st minute of SCWT. The exercise-trained group obtained the highest amount of correct colors spoken during 3 minutes of SCWT when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ET reduces MSNA and improves executive performance during the SCWT test in patients with OSA. These effects are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events, as well as better performance in tasks requiring greater cognitive demand in patients with moderate to severe OSA
Moraes, Mirleny Lucena de. "Avaliação neuropsicológica da atenção e da memória em pacientes com narcolepsia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-22082011-172315/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: A pioneering study on the neuropsychological assessment of several types of attention and memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder which the main symptoms are Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) and the occurrence of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) daytime sleep attacks, particularly during monotonous situations. Narcolepsy may be associated with episodes of cataplexy (sudden reduction or loss of muscular tonus not accompanied by loss of consciousness), sleep paralysis (inability to move at falling asleep or waking up) and hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations (onirical images that pervade the state of wakefulness) before falling asleep or at waking up, respectively. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the standard, the quality of sleep, the presence of EDS, traits and symptoms of depression, selective/oriented, sustained and executive attention, immediate, late and working memories, and verify associations among sleep, traits and symptoms of depression and neuropsychological functions. METHOD: The study group comprised 19 narcoleptic outpatients treated at the Neurology Clinic, ages ranging from 22 to 51 years (mean = 38.00; sd = 8.93), compared with 19 subjects not suffering from sleep disorders, ages ranging from 19 to 55 years (mean = 34.42; sd = 12.31) of control group. The material employed in the study included: preliminary interview, Brazil Economic Classification (CEB), Epworth Sleepiness Scale Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Brazilian Portuguese Version (PSQI-BR), Ravens Progressive Matrices (RPM), Hamilton Rating for Depression (HAMD), d2 Test, Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test II (RBMT-II), WAIS-III: Letter-Number Sequencing (SNL), Digit Span Forward and Backward Subtests and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous in sociodemographic variables. Standard and quality of sleep were significantly impaired in the subjects of study group: Disorders (p = 0.007), EDS + disorders (p < 0.001) and EDS (p < 0.001). Traits and symptoms degrees of depression was higher for subjects of study group (p = 0.003). Performance of both groups was equivalent as to oriented/selective and sustained attention besides immediate and late visual memories. Subjects of study group were slower at VST-1 (p = 0.002) and VST-2 (p = 0.045) and at TMT, impaired at divided attention (p = 0.024). Immediate and late verbal memories were impaired only at some RAVLT trials. SNL results were worse for subjects of study group (p = 0.009). Correlations among sleep, traits and symptoms degrees of depression and neuropsychological performance were different for each group. CONCLUSIONS: Narcoleptic patients presented greater impairment in the standard and quality of sleep, EDS, occurrence of traits and symptoms of depression, executive attention and working memory when matched with subjects of the control group. The results of oriented/selective and sustained attention and those of immediate and late verbal and visual memories showed no differences between the groups. Association between EDS and neuropsychological performance which might justify patients subjective complaints about deficits of attention and memory were not confirmed
Cavalcanti, Helen Meira. "Desenvolvimento de um modelo animal para autismo induzido pelo valproato: domínio do comportamento de aprendizagem." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1680.
Full textThis experimental study tries to develop models of behavioral tests to rodents as a mean to evaluate the three domains that characterize autism: loss in social interaction; verbal and non-verbal communication; behavior patterns, interest, restrict activity, repetitive behavior and stereotype. One of these models is based on the pre-natal exposition to teratogenics agents, like valproic acid, considered a risk factor for autism. The objective of this research was to analyze the interference of valproic acid in the learning process and flexibility of routines in winstar rats. This study is experimental and the sample is composed by 20 male rats 10 from the control group and 10 from the experiment group. The learning capacity and the capacity of maintaining flexible routines are evaluated by the T maze test. The capacity of habituate is measured by the open field test. The learning, discrimination and reversions capacity is evaluated by the box of conditioning working. The results shows that the valproic acid interfered in the capacities of learning, flexibility of routine, habituate and reversion of what is learned. These behavior alterations are compatible with those observed in autistic individuals.
Estudos experimentais vêm buscando desenvolver modelos de testes comportamentais para roedores na tentativa de avaliar os três domínios que caracterizam o autismo: prejuízos na interação social; na comunicação verbal e não-verbal; padrões de comportamento, interesses, atividade restrita, comportamento repetitivo e estereotipado Um dos modelos baseia-se na exposição pré-natal aos agentes teratógenos, como o ácido valpróico, considerados um fator de risco para o autismo. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a interferência do ácido valpróico no aprendizado e na capacidade de flexibilizar rotinas em ratos wistar. Trata-se de um estudo experimental, composta por uma amostra de 20 ratos machos, sendo 10 do grupo controle e 10 do grupo experimental. A capacidade de aprendizagem e de flexibilizar rotinas é avaliado pelo teste labirinto em T. A capacidade de habituação é medida pelo teste de campo aberto, e a capacidade de aprendizagem, discriminação e reversão é avaliado pelo teste na caixa de condicionamento operante. Os resultados mostram que o ácido valpróico interferiu nas capacidades de aprendizagem, de flexibilizar rotina, de habituação e reversão do aprendizado. Essas alterações comportamentais são compatíveis com aqueles observados em indivíduos autistas.
Júnior, Waldir Toledo de Paiva. "Gêmeos monozigóticos com Síndrome de Asperger: sociabilidade e cognição." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3626.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os obstáculos encontrados por crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Asperger em termos de interação social, comunicação e imaginação são notórios e causam sentimentos de angústia nos pais que procuram escolas para inserir seus filhos e centros especializados para tratá-los. As pesquisas tem evoluído sobremaneira através dos anos, desde as primeiras descrições sobre o transtorno na primeira metade do século XX, apontando diferentes visões e modos de intervenção, alguns destes que pudessem ser levados à cabo por pais, professores e cuidadores. Entretanto, em termos de língua portuguesa em geral e da realidade brasileira especificamente, há uma carência de instrumentos que possam ser utilizados no ensino de habilidades sociais e cognitivas à esses indivíduos com Síndrome de Asperger. Aproveitando a experiência de pesquisadores ingleses, que na década de noventa elaboraram um guia prático para pais e professores intitulado Teaching children with autism to mind-read: a practical guide for teachers and parents, partindo da intervenção com tradução para a língua portuguesa, o presente estudo exploratório tem os objetivos de: verificar a efetividade de referido instrumento no ensino de habilidades sociais e cognitivas, identificar as estratégias de ensino utilizadas e comparar o desempenho de dois meninos de doze anos, gêmeos monozigóticos com Síndrome de Asperger, alunos de uma escola da rede pública do município do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia utilizada implicou na análise comparativa dos escores obtidos na pré e pós intervenção, pela avaliação das habilidades sociais com o Inventário Multimídia de Habilidades Sociais para Crianças e das habilidades cognitivas, em especial as funções executivas, via alguns dos subtestes da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças WISC-III; e a filmagem das sessões de intervenção e posterior análise dos vídeos para identificação das estratégias de ensino. A análise mostrou que o instrumento foi efetivo no ensino de habilidades sociais e cognitivas, merecendo novos estudos visando sua adaptação para nossa realidade cultural; que as estratégia de ensino mais utilizadas e que contribuíram para a modificação do comportamento dos sujeitos foram levantamento de questões para verificar a compreensão, explicação de conceitos pouco familiares e a ampliação da resposta verbal.
The obstacles encountered by children and adolescents with Asperger Syndrome in terms of social interaction, communication and imagination are notorious and cause feelings of distress in parents seeking schools for their children and specialized centers to treat them. The research has evolved greatly over the years since the first descriptions on the disorder in the first half of the twentieth century, pointing out different views and methods of intervention, some of which could be carried out by the parents, teachers and caregivers. However, in terms of portuguese in general and specifically the brazilian reality, there is a lack of instruments that can be used in teaching social skills and cognitive abilities to those individuals with Asperger Syndrome. Drawing on the experience of british researchers, who in the nineties have produced a practical guide for parents and teachers titled "Teaching children with autism to mind-read: a Practical Guide for teachers and parents", starting with the intervention translation into portuguese, this exploratory study has objectives: to assess the effectiveness of this instrument in teaching cognitive and social skills, identify teaching strategies used and compare the performance of two boys of twelve, twins monozygotic twins with Asperger Syndrome, students at a public school of the Rio de Janeiros county. The methodology involved the comparative analysis scores of pre and post intervention, the evaluation of social skills with the Inventory of Social Skills for Multimedia Children and cognitive abilities, in particular executive functions, via some of the subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - WISC-III, and videotaping of intervention sessions and subsequent analysis of the videos to identify teaching strategies. The analysis showed that the instrument was effective in teaching social skills and cognitive deserve further studies aimed at adapting to our cultural reality; that the teaching strategy most used and contributed to the modifying the behavior of the subjects were raising issues for check for understanding, explaining unfamiliar concepts and extension of the verbal response.
Toazza, Rudineia. "Perfil neuropsicolinguístico de adolescentes com ou sem transtorno de ansiedade : um estudo de casos e controles." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55076.
Full textIntroduction: anxiety disorders are extremely common and impairing psychiatric conditions. Although some neuropsychological characteristics have already been described, most of the underlying mental processes involved in its pathophysiology are still to be investigated. Objetive: Investigate a broad range of neuropsychological characteristics in adolescents with and without anxiety disorders selected from a community sample. Methods: Were included in this study adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years, from public schools of the scope of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Psychiatric diagnosis was performed with K-SADS-PL. We used a neuropsychological battery of tasks addressing major neuropsychological domains – Brazilian Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery NEUPSILIN: orienting, attention, perception, memory, arithmetic, language, praxis, and executive functions (verbal fluency and problem solving). Results: A total of 58 adolescents (25 cases and 34 controls) were included in this study. Results from the multivariate tests of the MANCOVA reveal a main effect of anxiety disorders in the neurocognitive domains evaluated (F=2.246; p-value=0.039). Post-hoc analyses reveal that phonemic verbal fluency was markedly different between cases and controls, with a moderate effect size, d=1.21 (CI95% 0.91-1.50; p<0.001). Supplementary qualitative analysis reveals a lower number of retrieved correct words and lower number of switches in subjects with anxiety if compared to controls in this specific task. We found no other significant differences in the remaining seven dimensions investigated in this study. Conclusion: we found preliminary evidence of an association between phonemic verbal fluency and anxiety disorders. This may represent an evidence of a high order cognitive deficit in time-dependent tasks involving performance.
Czermainski, Fernanda Rasch. "Funções executivas, controle inibitório e agressividade em indivíduos com trantornos por uso de álcool e crack." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157466.
Full textThe problematic use of psychoactive substances has increased significantly in recent years. The Substance-Related Disorders have been linked to a series of cognitive and behavioral impairments, among which is the executive dysfunction and deficits involving impulse control. This thesis aimed to investigate the executive functions, inhibitory control and aggression in individuals with alcohol and crack disorders. The choice of this theme aimed to investigate cognition and behavior in different dependent samples, since there are few studies in this area focusing on the profiles of cognitive and behavioral deficits according to the drug of abuse. This thesis is composed by a review of the literature study and two empirical studies. They were evaluated 67 men, aged 18 -65 years, divided into four groups: alcohol dependents, crack dependents, alcohol + crack dependents and control group. The alcohol and / or crack dependents were in abstinence and were inpatients in a free and voluntary treatment program of a General Hospital. The research protocol included psychological and neuropsychological measures. The main results of this study indicated losses of executive functions and inhibitory control and higher levels of aggression in dependent groups compared to the control group, and these impairments varied according to the drug of abuse. Alcohol dependents showed decreased performance, suggesting that alcohol consumption may be associated with a decrease of self-regulation and self-control skills.
Martins, Gabriela Lamarca Luxo. "Funções executivas em crianças : relação com características cognitivas, parentais e ambientais e predição de desempenho acadêmico." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2017. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/3433.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The key competencies to plan, initiate, perform and monitor intentional behaviors related to a goal or environmental demands are called executive functions. These are related to various personal characteristics, including academic performance and other cognitive abilities of the individual, as well as the characteristics of the parents and the family environment. Thus, parents can contribute to the children achieving a level of executive function beyond what they could achieve alone, due to both their own abilities and the characteristics of the family environment. Some previous studies also suggest that children with better performance in executive functions tend to perform better in other areas, including more optimistic perspectives about the future and a greater possibility of attributing mental states to their interlocutor and to themselves. Aiming to better understand the relationship between executive functions and these characteristics, this research was divided into two studies: a) Study 1: aimed to map characteristics of children and parents, identifying possible relationships between them (including: executive functions, academic performance, family environment, optimism, educational practices and mind theory) and b) Study 2: verified which of these variables would predict the academic characteristics of the children assessed at a later time. In Study 1, participants were 205 children from the 1st and 2nd years of Elementary Education I, with a mean age of 6.54 years, enrolled in a public school in the city of São Paulo. Some of their parents (biological mother or father) also participated, totaling 108 people. In the first stage, the children were evaluated in tests of executive functions, reading, arithmetic, intelligence, optimism and mind theory; and the parents in executive functions, optimism, family environment and parenting style. In Study 2, conducted a year and a half after Study 1, 138 children were still enrolled in the same school and participated in the reevaluation of reading and mathematics, their Portuguese Language and Mathematics grades were also analyzed. In Study 1, descriptive statistical analyses of the performances in all instruments and Pearson’s partial correlation analyzes were performed between the measures evaluated, controlling for age. There were few significant correlations between the executive functions of the children and the executive functions of their parents, varying from very low to moderate magnitude, suggesting that the level of executive functions of the parents was slightly related to that of the child. Regarding the correlations between the executive functions of the children and their abilities, significant correlations were found between cognitive flexibility and working memory with at least one measure of all abilities, except for optimism. Inhibitory control presented correlations with matrix reasoning, reading and arithmetic skills. However, stronger correlations were expected with the construct of mind theory, which were not observed. Considering the few correlations, it can be suggested that other variables may have greater relevance on the level of executive functions of the children, for example, it is possible that the behavior of parents may be more relevant than their own cognitive abilities; or that the influence of the school environment has a greater impact on the abilities of the children when compared to the family, which would explain the lack of significant correlations with parental characteristics and the family environment. In Study 2 the predictive power of the measures in the first evaluation on the Portuguese Language and Mathematics performances in the second evaluation were verified. Regression analyses indicated some significant predictions, however, the values were low, suggesting that other skills, not evaluated in this study, may also be relevant predictors. The cognitive flexibility of the parents was the main predictor for the mathematical performance of the children, as well as the resources of the family environment. The working memory of the children was the most relevant ability to predict the Portuguese Language and Mathematics grades. Thus, the present study revealed, in general, that parental variables, family environment and other abilities of the children (such as optimism and mind theory) presented little relation to their executive functions. Although unexpected, these results were discussed as being due to other influences, such as the language skills of the children and the school environment, which were not evaluated in this research. It is necessary to conduct new studies to test these hypotheses, which, if corroborated, may highlight the importance of evaluations and interventions in the school aimed at promoting child development.
As competências fundamentais para planejar, iniciar, realizar e monitorar comportamentos intencionais, relacionados a um objetivo ou a demandas ambientais, são nomeadas de funções executivas. Estas relacionam-se a diversas características pessoais, incluindo desempenho escolar e outras habilidades cognitivas do próprio indivíduo, bem como a características dos progenitores e do ambiente familiar. Assim, os pais podem permitir que a criança atinja um nível de funções executivas além do que ela poderia conseguir sozinha, tanto por conta das suas próprias habilidades, quanto em função de características do ambiente familiar. Alguns estudos prévios sugerem também que crianças com melhor desempenho em funções executivas tendem a apresentar melhor desempenho em outras áreas, incluindo perspectivas mais otimistas sobre o futuro, além da maior possibilidade de atribuição de estado mental ao seu interlocutor e a si próprio. Visando a uma melhor compreensão entre as relações das funções executivas com tais características, esta pesquisa foi dividida em dois estudos: a) Estudo 1: objetivou mapear características de crianças e de pais, identificando possíveis relações entre elas (incluindo: funções executivas, desempenho acadêmico, ambiente familiar, otimismo, práticas educativas e teoria da mente) e b) Estudo 2: verificou quais dessas variáveis prediriam as características acadêmicas das crianças avaliadas em um momento ulterior. No Estudo 1 participaram 205 crianças dos 1o e 2o anos do Ensino Fundamental I, com média da idade de 6,54 anos, matriculadas em uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Também participaram parte dos respectivos pais (mãe ou pai biológicos) totalizando 108 responsáveis. Na primeira etapa, as crianças foram avaliadas em testes de funções executivas, leitura, aritmética, inteligência, otimismo e teoria da mente; e os pais em funções executivas, otimismo, ambiente familiar e estilo parental. No Estudo 2, realizado após um ano e meio do Estudo 1, 138 crianças ainda estavam matriculadas na mesma escola e participaram da reavaliação de leitura e matemática, as suas notas escolares de Língua Portuguesa e Matemática também foram analisadas. No Estudo 1 foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas dos desempenhos em todos os instrumentos e análises de correlação de Pearson parciais entre as medidas avaliadas, com controle de idade. Houve poucas correlações significativas entre as funções executivas das crianças e as funções executivas dos seus pais, variando de magnitude muito baixa a moderadas, sugerindo que o nível de funções executivas dos pais estava pouco relacionado com o da criança. Sobre as correlações entre as funções executivas das crianças e outras habilidades das mesmas, foram observadas correlações significativas entre flexibilidade cognitiva e memória de trabalho com pelo menos uma medida de todas as habilidades, exceto com o otimismo. Já o controle inibitório apresentou correlações com as habilidades de raciocínio matricial, leitura e aritmética. Contudo, eram esperadas correlações mais robustas com o construto de teoria da mente, o que não foi observado. Levando em consideração as poucas correlações, conjecturou-se que outras variáveis possam ter maior relevância sobre o nível de funções executivas das crianças, por exemplo, é possível que o comportamento dos pais possa ser mais relevante que as suas próprias habilidades cognitivas; ou que a influência do ambiente escolar tenha maior impacto sobre as habilidades das crianças quando comparado à família, o que explicaria a escassez de correlações significativas com características parentais e do ambiente familiar. No Estudo 2 verificou-se o poder preditivo das medidas na primeira avaliação sobre os desempenhos em língua portuguesa e matemática na segunda avaliação. As análises de regressão indicaram algumas predições significativas, mas os valores foram baixos, sugerindo que outras habilidades, não avaliadas nesta pesquisa, também possam ser preditoras relevantes. A flexibilidade cognitiva dos pais foi o principal preditor para o desempenho em matemática das crianças, além dos recursos do ambiente familiar. Já a memória de trabalho das crianças foi a habilidade mais relevante para predizer as notas escolares de língua portuguesa e matemática. Dessa forma, o presente estudo revelou, de modo geral, que variáveis parentais, do ambiente familiar e de outras habilidades das crianças (como otimismo e teoria da mente) apresentaram pouca relação com suas funções executivas. Apesar de inesperados, tais resultados foram discutidos como podendo ser devidos a outras influências, tais como as habilidades linguísticas das crianças e o ambiente escolar, não avaliados nessa pesquisa. É necessária a condução de novos estudos para testar tais hipóteses que, se corroboradas, podem ressaltar a importância de avaliações e intervenções em âmbito escolar com objetivo de promover o desenvolvimento infantil.
Armentano, Cristiane Garcia da Costa. "Estudo do desempenho na Bateria de Avaliação Comportamental da Síndrome Disexecutiva (BADS) no espectro indivíduos saudáveis, comprometimento cognitivo leve amnéstico e doença de Alzheimer." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-01122011-095901/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in our country. Its progressive feature has been thoroughly studied as well as the intermediate pre-clinical stage of the disease. Some epidemiological studies corroborate that elderly patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) present greater risks of developing dementia and AD. Deficits in episodic memory are pointed out here as the best tool to make the differential diagnosis however, executive deficits are also characteristic of the initial phases of AD and are clinically correlated to neuropsychiatric symptoms and loss of functional performance. The Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) is a battery of tests used to evaluate problems that occur in daily life activities due to the dysexecutive syndrome. A few studies reported the performance of executive syndromes among patients with MCI, PSAD and AD. OBJECTIVES: To compare BADS performance to control group, patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and mild onset AD with presenile and senile onset and also check the accuracy of BADS to differentiate among the groups. METHODS: BADS was administered to 60 healthy controls with mean age of 67.35 (7.40) and Educational levels of 9.52 (4.68); 20 patients with aMCI, mean age was 71.80 (7.79) and educational levels of 9.45 (4.89); 40 patients with probable AD out of which 20 patients had PSAD with mean age of 59.85 (4.52), educational levels of 9.40 (4.87) and 20 patients with senile AD with mean age of 79.45 (4.58) and educational levels of 6.45 (3.97). RESULTS: We found significant differences as to BADS performance among the groups in the subtests: rule shift cards, action program, zoo map test, modified six elements and in the three total scores of the battery. We have found early changes in executive functions in patients with AD (regardless of the age at the onset) and patients with aMCI. The subtest, zoo map test, total score and standard score were able to differentiate from the control group and aMCI patients. CONCLUSION: BADS has proved useful to discriminate between groups. Our results confirmed the presence of early changes of executive functions in patients with aMCI and mild AD
Souza, Carolina de Oliveira. "A relação entre aspectos cognitivos e aspectos motores em pacientes com doença de Parkinson." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-06102017-114734/.
Full textBACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that cognitive factors can be related to motor performance in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Motor aspects, such as balance and gait and cognitive aspects (executive function) can be used to estimate the risk of falls, which are caused by postural instability and executive dysfunction in patients with PD. However, the correlation between educational status, executive function, static balance, dynamic balance and gait remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify if there would be correlation between cognitive variables (educational status, executive function) and motor variables (Berg balance scale, MiniBESTest, Timed Up and Go (TUG) TUG dual task (DT), UDPRS - III, static and dynamic posturography) in patients with PD. METHODS: Seventy patients with PD participated in this study. Participants reported their time of formal education. They were assessed with Trail Making Test and verbal fluency test (cognitive assessment). Fuctional balance evaluation was performed by Berg balance scale, MiniBESTest and UPDRS- III. Gait was assessed with TUG, and TUG DT. Static posturography was used to quantify the center of pressure displacement (CoP). RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that there were moderate correlations between education and motor aspects (all balance and gait clinical scales). There was moderate correlation between executive function and motor aspects (both clinical balance scales). There was moderate correlation between verbal fluency and balance (balance scales and dynamic posturography). CONCLUSION: There was correlation between cognitive (education, executive function) and motor aspects (Berg balance scale, MiniBESTest, TUG, TUG DT and UDPDS- III), in patients with PD. Only dynamic posturography was correlated to clinical balance tests
León, Camila Barbosa Riccardi. "Funções executivas em crianças de 3 a 6 anos: desenvolvimento e relações com linguagem e comportamento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1646.
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The assessment of cognition and behavior in early childhood education has been the subject of several studies, which suggest the importance of this school stage for children development as well as the possibility of identifying early signs predictive of future learning difficulties. Among the learning-related skills are the executive functions (EFs), which relate to behavior-oriented goals that enables people to act adaptively in the world. There is evidence that children who have better performance in EFs activities do better in school and also have better behavioral indicators. The objective of this research was to investigate the development of EFs. And their relationship with language and behavior in 3-6-year-old children. The subjects were 32 children, of both sexes, from Nursery and Levels 1 and 2, in a private school for early childhood education located in São Paulo. The instruments used to assess EFs were Trail Making Test, Computerized Stroop Test for preschoolers, Attention Test for Cancellation and EFs and Children s Regulations Inventory (IFERI). To evaluate oral language were used the Phonological Awareness Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Words and Non-Words Repetition Test and Child Naming Test. Written language was evaluated by the recognition of letters and sounds, writing the name and reading and writing activities. Children s behavior was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ). The questionnaires were answered by children s guardians and teachers. Parametric and nonparametric analysis revealed effect of series on at least on measure of all instruments used, except IFERI-Parents, indicating that EFs tend to develop with school progression. There were several significant correlations between tests of the same skill and between different measures. In tests that assess EFS, measures that assess attention had very high and high correlations with measures of oral language and written language. This result points out that in fact EFs appear to be related to reading and writing, being important for the development of oral language and early literacy. Such relationships are considered unique, with little national and international reference about it. This result should be investigated more specifically in future research and can reveal that since very early ages, EFs are already important to the development of oral language, and vice versa, perhaps in a bilateral relationship of mutual influence. Correlation analysis between test and the answers in inventories showed few significant correlations of high magnitude, however lower scores in EFs tests tend to be more correlates to complaints in situations that assess executive functions (IFERI) and behavior (SDQ) reported by parents and in children from kindergarten, as revealed significant relationships between EFs, oral and written language and behavioral measures. Although it is no possible to derive a causal relationship, the results support the importance of identifying delays in the development of skills assessed and develop early interventions.
A avaliação da cognição e do comportamento na Educação Infantil tem sido alvo de diversas pesquisas, as quais sugerem a importância dessa fase escolar para o desenvolvimento das crianças, assim como a possibilidade de identificar precocemente sinais preditores de futuras dificuldades de aprendizagem. Dentre as habilidades relacionadas à aprendizagem estão as funções executivas (FEs), que se relacionam a comportamentos orientados a objetivos que permitem ao indivíduo agir de forma adaptativa no mundo. Há evidências de que crianças que possuem melhor desempenho em atividades de FEs têm melhor desempenho escolar e melhores indicadores comportamentais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o desenvolvimento das FEs e sua relação com a linguagem e comportamento em crianças de 3 a 6 anos. Participaram 32 crianças, de ambos os sexos, do Maternal e Níveis 1 e 2, de uma escola particular de Educação Infantil de São Paulo. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar as FEs foram Teste de Trilhas, Teste de Stroop Computadorizado para pré-escolares, Teste de Atenção por Cancelamento e Inventário de FEs e Regulação Infantil (IFERI). Para avaliar a linguagem oral foram utilizadas a Prova de Consciência Fonológica por Produção Oral, o Teste de Vocabulário por Imagens Peabody, o Teste de Repetição de Palavras e Pseudopalavras e o Teste Infantil de Nomeação. A linguagem escrita foi avaliada pelo reconhecimento de letras e sons, escrita do nome e leitura e escrita. O comportamento infantil foi avaliado pelo Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades - SDQ). Os questionários foram respondidos por responsáveis e professores das crianças. Análises paramétricas e não paramétricas revelaram efeito de série em pelo menos uma medida de todos os instrumentos utilizados, com exceção do IFERI-Pais, indicando que as FEs tendem a se desenvolver com a progressão escolar. Houve várias correlações significativas entre testes de uma mesma habilidade e também entre diferentes medidas. Nos testes que avaliam FEs, as medidas que avaliam atenção tiveram correlações muito altas e altas com medidas de linguagem oral e linguagem escrita. Esse resultado ressalta que, de fato, as FEs parecem estar relacionadas com a leitura e a escrita, sendo importantes para o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e para o início da alfabetização. Tais relações são consideradas originais, havendo pouca referência sobre isso, tanto nacional quanto internacionalmente. Esse resultado deve ser investigado de forma mais específica em pesquisas futuras e pode revelar que, desde idades bastante precoces, as FEs já são importantes para o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral, e vice-versa, talvez em uma relação bilateral de influência mútua. As análises de correlação entre os testes e as respostas nos inventários demonstraram poucas correlações significativas de alta magnitude, porém menores escores nos testes de FEs tenderam a se relacionar com mais queixas nas situações que avaliam as funções executivas (IFERI) e comportamentos (SDQ), relatados por pais e professores. A presente pesquisa corroborou os pressupostos teóricos sobre o efeito de série das FEs em crianças da Educação Infantil, assim como revelou relações significativas entre FEs, linguagem oral e escrita e medidas comportamentais. Embora não seja possível derivar uma relação causal, os resultados corroboram a importância de se identificar atrasos no desenvolvimento das habilidades avaliadas e desenvolver intervenções precoces.
Regina, Ana Carolina Brocanello. "Aplicabilidade de tarefas de memória autobiográfica na investigação dos efeitos do envelhecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-24062014-124736/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The autobiographical memory is a kind of episodic memory that covers an event\'s aspects of perception, affection, space and time. These are organized in representations that make up a personal history. Therefore, they are paramount to the creation of identity. This type of memory is a transitory and dynamic construction, generated from a foundation of subjacent knowledge stored in details that are specific on different levels. Because it has a vast episodic content, that is dependent of the frontal and temporal medial regions (areas of the brain known for suffering meaningful changes with the aging process), it is a memory system that apparently shows decline with the aging process. This study sought to investigate the relationship between autobiographical memory and aging in 57 healthy subjects that were divided into two groups: young adults (18 to 50 years old) and seniors (51 to 75 years old). METHOD: The investigation used an autobiographical memory interview made up of 5 memorable public events (flashbulb memories), 4 valence stimuli (positive and negative) and 1 important event that happened in the last year. The interviews were evaluated and scored according to the sorting system of details determined either as episodic or semantic. A battery of neuropsychological tests was also used, it was constituted of 7 tests grouped in 5 cognitive domains destined to evaluate, respectively: processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory, executive functions and intellectual performance, to examine possible deficits in these domains and its correlation to the performance in the autobiographical interview. The level of significance was of p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no meaningful differences between groups in the evaluation of autobiographical memory. Subjects remembered similar amounts of episodic details. Events of both negative and positive valence were recalled with the same quality. In seniors, a tendency towards a worse performance was found when they were asked to tell recent personal memories (that happened last year). The results demonstrate age-related difficulties in activities of speed processing, mental flexibility, inhibitory control, episodic verbal memory and visual memory. A positive correlation was found between the performance in a standardized episodic verbal memory task and the amount of episodic details in the autobiographical memory interview. There was a reverse relation between the amount of episodic events told and the speed of processing information only in the young adults group. No correlations were found between the other cognitive domains and the results in the autobiographical memory activity. CONCLUSION: The obtained results suggest that autobiographical memories are more resistant to the effects of time. Events that have important personal meaning and great emotional content seem to be well preserved in memory
Giacobbo, Bruno Lima. "Efeitos da privação de sono sobre aspectos cognitivos e sua relação com níveis de BDNF." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7437.
Full textChronic sleep disorders are related to cognitive impairments and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alterations. However, the effects of acute sleep deprivation on BDNF levels and its relation with cognitive performance remains unknown. The objective was to investigate BDNF levels, cognitive performance and their relations in healthy subjects after acute sleep deprivation. In this study, nineteen sleep-deprived and twenty control subjects completed depression, anxiety and sleep quality questionnaires. Sleep deprived subjects spent a full night awake performing different playful activities to keep themselves awake. Attention, executive function and working memory (prefrontal cortex-dependent) were assessed with Stroop and Digit-span tests. Declarative memory (hippocampus-dependent) was assessed with Logical Memory test. Serum BDNF was measured by sandwich ELISA. Data were analyzed with independent samples T-test and curve estimation regressions. P<0. 05 was deemed statistically significant. Our results show that the sleep-deprived group had higher BDNF levels and normal performance on attention, executive function and working memory. However, declarative memory was impaired. A sigmoidal relation between BDNF and Stroop Test scores was found, showing that the test performance was greater when the BDNF levels were at its peak. These data showed that increased BDNF could be related, at least in part, to the maintenance of normal prefrontal cognitive functions after sleep deprivation. This potential relation should be further investigated.
Transtornos crônicos do sono são relacionados a problemas cognitivos e alterações no Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Cérebro (BDNF). No entanto, os efeitos da privação aguda do sono nos níveis de BDNF e sua relação com o desempenho cognitivo permanecem incertos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre os níveis de BDNF no soro e desempenho cognitivo em sujeitos jovens saudáveis após uma privação de sono aguda. Neste estudo, 19 sujeitos privados de sono e 20 controles completaram questionários de depressão, ansiedade e qualidade do sono. O grupo privado passou uma noite acordado realizando atividades lúdicas para se manter acordado. Atenção, função executiva e memória de trabalho, dependentes do córtex pré-frontal, foram analisados com os testes de Stroop e Span de dígitos. Memória declarativa, dependente do hipocampo, foi analisada com o teste de Memória Lógica. O BDNF foi analisado por sandwich-ELISA. Os dados foram analisados com testes T para amostras independentes e regressões por estimativa de curva. P<0. 05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Nossos dados mostraram que o grupo privado de sono apresentou maiores níveis de BDNF no soro. Atenção, função executiva e memória de trabalho não apresentaram diferença significativa entre grupos. No entanto, a memória declarativa foi prejudicada em indivíduos privados de sono. Foi encontrada uma relação sigmoidal entre o BDNF e o teste de Stroop, mostrando que o pico de performance neste teste está relacionado com os níveis mais altos de BDNF. Estes resultados mostram que o BDNF pode estar relacionado, em parte, com a manutenção das funções cognitivas normais no córtex pré-frontal após a privação de sono. Esta relação em potencial deve ser mais investigada.
Menezes, Itiana Castro. "Avaliação neuropsicológica de funções executivas e da variabilidade simpático/parassimpática cardíaca de pacientes com transtorno de estresse pós-traumático." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/94895.
Full textPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder developed after exposure to an extremely stressful event. Patients with this disorder have a marked impairment in their quality of life, considering the symptoms that include deficits in executive functions, as well as hyperreactivity of sympathetic/parasympathetic system, associated to possible development of other comorbidities associated with PTSD. Still, there are few studies that investigate these aspects in PTSD patients in Brazilian population. In order to better understand the neuropsychological peculiarities of this disorder in order to contribute to the development of more effective and specific treatments, the general aims of the present study are: a) assess patients’ neuropsychological abilities and characteristics and compare them to those belonging to subjects of control group; and , b) study the variability of patients’ and controls’ cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic components after they underwent perception of facial expressions with emotional valences, in conscious and non- conscious ways . The sample consisted of adults aged between 18 and 54 years-old, including both genders. There was no significant difference between PTSD and control groups regarding sex, age and years of schooling in the neuropsychological stage of the study. PTSD group showed cognitive impairment of executive functions in almost all constructs assessed by neuropsychological tests as cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, inhibiting impulses, ability to form abstract concepts and speed of information processing. In the stage of cardiac variability, there was difference between groups profiles concerning to age. When assessing the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of cardiac variability after exposure to human facial expressions was observed greater variability of PTSD group compared to control group. PTSD group showed significant variability of cardiac sympathetic component to neutral facial expression, but no significant change to facial expression of happiness. In these patients, the perception of facial expressions of fear (in conscious and non-conscious ways), anger, sadness, and disgust (in non-conscious way) produced higher variability for the component cardiac sympathetic (LFnu). The parasympathetic component (HFnu) was altered for expressions of anger, sadness, fear, and disgust (both when shown in non-conscious way). The sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) was altered after exposure to facial expressions of fear (in conscious and non-conscious ways), disgust, anger, and sadness. These results indicate that subjects with PTSD already have a heightened cardiac reactivity mainly due to the sympathetic component for almost all the basic emotions that were present in human facial expressions shown - which could already be observed when there was significant sympathetic reactivity after exposure to neutral facial expression. These data suggest a relationship between psychophysiological changes in patients with PTSD and sympathetic and parasympathetic exacerbated responses when conscious and non-conscious perception of pictures with emotional content occurs. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PTSD, to a propose of how to assess the physiological response condition of these patients, and to evaluate the results and prognostic of treatments based on quantitative data additional to that currently exist.