Books: 'Función costos'

1

L, Carlos Budnevich. La función de costos en la banca chilena: Un instrumento para la regulación. [Santiago, Chile]: Instituto de Estudios Bancarios, 2001.

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2

Chamorro, Pedro Garrido. La función notarial, sus costes y sus beneficios. [Madrid, Spain]: Consejo Notariales de España, 2000.

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3

Chayes, Antonia Handler. Managing the corporate legal function: The law department, outside counsel, and legal costs. New York, N.Y. (235 E. 45th St., New York 10017): M. Bender, 1985.

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4

Gupta, Manish. Estimation of marginal abatement costs for undesirable outputs in India's power generation sector: An output distance function approach. New Delhi: Publications Unit, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, 2005.

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5

Akiyama, Kaneo. Function analysis: Systematic improvement of quality and performance. Cambridge, Mass: Productivity Press, 1991.

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6

A, Daniel González. La obligatoriedad de la acción en el proceso penal costarricense: Notas sobre la función requirente del Ministerio Público. 2nd ed. San José, Costa Rica: Investigaciones Jurídicas, 1992.

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7

La obligatoriedad de la acción en el proceso penal costarricense: Notas sobre la función requirente del Ministerio Público. San José: Colegio de Abogados de Costa Rica, 1986.

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8

The business of higher education: The American university and its banking function. New York: Garland Pub., 1995.

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9

Coûts d'ajustements internes à la firme et demande dynamique pour les facteurs de production: Aspects théoriques et application à l'industrie manufacturière canadienne. Berne: P. Lang, 1986.

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10

Philipson, Tomas J. The long-run growth in obesity as a function of technological change. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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11

Rica, Costa. Ley orgánica del Ministerio Público: Con su modificación según Ley de reorganización judicial y compendio de normas atinentes a la función y atribuciones de los fiscales, de la policía y de los órganos administrativos de control en la investigación de hechos delictivos. [San José, C.R.]: Editorial Jurídica Continental, 1997.

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12

S, Madheswaran, and Institute for Social and Economic Change, eds. Energy use efficiency in Indian cement industry: Application of data envelopment analysis and directional distance function. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2009.

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13

Software estimation best practices, tools, & techniques: A complete guide for software project estimators. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Pub., 2009.

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14

Office, General Accounting. Environmental protection: Issues raised by the reorganization of EPA's ombudsman function : report to the Honorable Diana DeGette, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 2002.

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15

Office, General Accounting. Budget issues: Fiscal year 1996 agency spending by budget function : report to the Honorable Richard K. Armey, Majority Leader, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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16

Raleigh, A. S. The Function Of The Cosmos - Pamphlet. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006.

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17

Odile, Mathieu-Costello, West John B, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. COSMOS-2044: Lung morphology study, experiment K-7-28. La Jolla, CA: Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 1991.

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18

Odile, Mathieu-Costello, West John B, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. COSMOS-2044: Lung morphology study, experiment K-7-28. La Jolla, CA: Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 1991.

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19

Outsourcing the Sales Function: The Real Costs of Field Sales. South-Western Educational Pub, 2005.

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20

McManus, Alison M., and Neil Armstrong. Pulmonary function. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0010.

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The principles of pulmonary ventilation are the same for children and adults. Ventilation adjusts to alterations in metabolic demand in the child; but for a given exercise intensity there is a greater ventilation when expressed relative to body mass and a higher energetic cost of breathing in the child compared to the adult. Limited evidence suggests child-adult differences may be a result of immature chemoreception, a greater drive to breathe, differences in airway dimensions, and the mechanical work of breathing. There are few studies investigating the dynamic ventilatory response to moderate intensity exercise and none to heavy or very heavy intensity exercise in the child. Little attention has been devoted to the developmental pattern of ventilatory control, although there is evidence of altered chemoreceptive modulation of breathing in the child. Considerable research will be necessary before we have a full appreciation of pulmonary function during exercise in the child.

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21

Maier, Harry O. The Gods and the Cosmos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190264390.003.0002.

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The chapter discusses ancient beliefs about the gods and the cosmos and describes ancient religious practices and their intersections with New Testament writings. It presents the unsystematic nature of beliefs about the gods and other powers, the meaning of divine epithets as means to access the divine, and divine epiphanies as markers of ever-present deities. It describes the form and function of temples and the role of sacrifice and votive offerings as means to communicate with divinities. It discusses the role of festivals and processions as well as daily rituals embedded in household practices and the role of neighborhood experts in guiding devotion. It considers magic, its uses, and the need to protect oneself from it in everyday life. Jewish and Christian views of demons and cosmic forces are presented. Also discussed are Christian rituals of Eucharist and baptism in the context of ancient practices and cosmology.

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22

Olsen, Jan Abel. Economics and efficiency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0002.

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This chapter, the longest in the book, explains the fundamentals of microeconomics and its application to the analysis of health and healthcare. The concepts of scarcity and opportunity costs lie at the heart of the economics discipline. Based on the standard production function with two input factors, the important concept of cost-efficiency is explained; and based on the premise of scarcity in the availability of input factors, the concept of opportunity costs is explained. An important insight from consumer theory is that people make trade-offs. Their preferences and income determine their chosen combination of goods, as illustrated by an indifference curve. An important piece of information for policymakers attempting to intervene in people’s demand for healthy, and unhealthy, goods is to know how sensitive demand is to changing prices and income. The chapter explains and defines elasticities of demand.

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23

Adelstein, Richard. The Exchange Order. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694272.001.0001.

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This book illuminates a comprehensive social system that comprises explicit markets, tort liability, and criminal liability, and describes each of these three institutions as serving the same function in different social and physical circumstances. It defines exchanges as compensated transfers of rights and objects among individuals, and shows that markets, tort, and crime each operate to organize and facilitate, to govern, exchange of a particular kind of right in a particular exchange environment to which its own rules and procedures are well suited. Under perfect conditions, each operates to move rights and objects from lower- to higher-valuing owners by requiring every taker of rights to compensate every loser in full for the costs of the taking. Markets can organize voluntary exchange of property rights only where theft can be deterred, but when rights or objects are stolen, an involuntary transfer is initiated, and markets are incapable of organizing the completion of the involuntary exchange by compensating the victim. This is the role of tort and criminal liability, which complete the involuntary transaction begun by the theft by imposing a compensatory liability price on every offender equal to the costs imposed by the theft. Marginal-cost pricing in markets controls voluntary, lawful cost imposition by distinguishing inefficient from efficient cost imposition and encouraging the latter, and corrective justice in tort and crime, each in an institutional domain determined by the character of the rights being traded, controls involuntary, unlawful cost imposition in the same way.

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24

Titi, Catharine. The Function of Equity in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868002.001.0001.

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A principle with a long pedigree, equity has been present in legal thought and in municipal legal systems since antiquity. Introduced in international legal decisions through claims commissions and arbitral tribunals, equity became progressively part and parcel of the international law mainstream. This book provides a systematic and comprehensive study of the legal concept of equity as it operates in contemporary international law, setting it on a new basis and dealing with some common misconceptions about it. In contrast with earlier studies on the topic, the book is informed by a body of judicial and arbitral case law that has never been so large and varied and it draws extensively on the prolific case law of investment tribunals, gaining insights from a valuable source that is typically ignored in public international law scholarship. From international cultural heritage law to the law on climate change, from maritime boundary delimitations to decisions on security for costs in investment arbitration, the relevance of equity is more far-reaching than has previously been conceded. As the importance of international law increases, continuously covering new domains, the value of equity increases with it. It is this new function of equity in the international law of the 21st century that this book explores.

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25

Cosyns, Bernard, Thor Edvardsen, Krasimira Hristova, and Hyung-Kwan Kim. Left ventricle: systolic function. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0020.

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The assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function is one of the most important parts of correct diagnosis, selection of treatment strategy or medications, and prediction of prognosis. Although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is generally accepted as the gold standard in vivo imaging modality for assessing LV systolic function, its practical use is limited due to its limited availability, high cost, and the presence of conditions precluding its performance such as a pacemaker, claustrophobia, and severe arrhythmia. Thus, transthoracic echocardiography is a first-line imaging modality employed in daily practice and has been widely used. Since the first attempts with M-mode approach, remarkable improvements have been made with the advent of two-dimensional echocardiography, and more recently three-dimensional echocardiography, with high accuracy and reproducibility. More sophisticated methodologies such as strain imaging, based on Doppler or speckle tracking techniques, provide a more sensitive and quantitative measurement of myocardial contractility, and are gaining a place in common daily practice. This chapter describes different modalities that have been used for assessment of LV systolic function based on echocardiography, and is grossly composed of two parts: LV global systolic function and LV regional or segmental systolic function. For better application of these conventional and novel methods of assessing LV systolic function, strengths and pitfalls of these techniques should be acknowledged.

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26

Eureka, William E. Quality Up, Costs Down: A Manager's Guide to Taguchi Methods and Qfd. Irwin Professional Pub, 1994.

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27

E, Eureka William, and Ryan Nancy E. 1959-, eds. Quality up, costs down: A manager's guide to Taguchi methods and QFD. [Dearborn, Mich.]: ASI Press, 1995.

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28

Customer-Driven Healthcare: Qfd for Process Improvement and Cost Reduction. Amer Society for Quality, 2000.

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29

Aizcorbe, Ana M. The competitiveness of U.S. automobile firms: A neoclassical cost function estimation of the production costs of U.S. and Japanese firms. 1986.

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30

Sil, Jayashree. Cost function analysis of fruit and vegetable processing in an Oregon cooperative. 1990.

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31

Davies, Paul. Introduction to Company Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854913.001.0001.

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Introduction to Company Law provides a conceptual introduction and a clear framework with which to navigate the intricacies of company law. The book analyses the mechanisms through which the law provides an organisational structure for the conduct of business. Given that structure, the book discusses how the law seeks to reduce the costs of using it, whether these are costs for managers, shareholders as a class, non-controlling shareholders, creditors, or employees, identifying the trade-offs involved. This discussion takes in both the Companies Act 2006 and various types of ‘soft law’, notably the Corporate Governance and Stewardship Codes. This third edition contains two new chapters: one on liability and enforcement and the other on the social function of corporate law. Both are issues that have come to prominence in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007–09.

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32

Davies, Paul. Introduction to Company Law. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198854913.001.0001.

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Introduction to Company Law provides a conceptual introduction and a clear framework with which to navigate the intricacies of company law. The book analyses the mechanisms through which the law provides an organisational structure for the conduct of business. Given that structure, the book discusses how the law seeks to reduce the costs of using it, whether these are costs for managers, shareholders as a class, non-controlling shareholders, creditors, or employees, identifying the trade-offs involved. This discussion takes in both the Companies Act 2006 and various types of ‘soft law’, notably the Corporate Governance and Stewardship Codes. This third edition contains two new chapters: one on liability and enforcement and the other on the social function of corporate law. Both are issues that have come to prominence in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007–09.

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33

Voigt, Jens-Uwe. Quantification of left ventricular function and synchrony using tissue Doppler, strain imaging, and speckle tracking. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0006.

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Modern echocardiographic systems allow the quantitative and qualitative assessment of regional myocardial function by measuring velocity, motion, deformation, and other parameters of myocardial function.Both colour Doppler (CD) and spectral Doppler modes provide one-dimensional estimates of velocity. From CD data only, further parameters can be derived. Tracking techniques have recently been introduced which provide all parameters two-dimensionally, but at the cost of lower temporal resolution.Several clinical applications have been proposed, including regional and global systolic function assessment, evaluation of diastolic cardiac properties, and assessment of ventricular dyssynchrony.This chapter provides an introduction to the method of Doppler- and tracking-based function assessment and provides a basis for understanding its different clinical applications.

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34

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Effects of spaceflight on rat pituitary cell function: Preflight and flight experiment for pituitary gland study on COSMOS, 1989 : final report covering the period June 1989 - April 1990. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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35

Gilchrist, Francis J., and Alex Horsley. Management of respiratory exacerbations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702948.003.0005.

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Cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterized by chronic infection, inflammation and a progressive loss of lung function. Patients are also affected by recurrent episodes of increased respiratory symptoms, called exacerbations which have a detrimental effect on quality of life, the rate of lung function decline, and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital. Diagnosis relies on a combination of symptoms, examination findings, the results of laboratory tests, and lung function. Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment but airway clearance, nutrition, and glucose homeostasis must also be optimized. Mild exacerbations are usually treated with oral antibiotics and more severe exacerbations with intravenous antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic is guided by the patient’s chronic pulmonary infections, the in-vitro antibiotic sensitivities, known antibiotic allergies, and the previous response to treatment. In patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, antibiotic monotherapy is thought to increase the risk of resistance and treatment with 2 antibiotics is therefore suggested (usually a β‎-lactam and an aminoglycoside). Although there is a lack of evidence on the duration of treatment, most patients receive around 14 days. This can be altered according to the time taken for symptoms and lung function to return to pre-exacerbation levels. If patients are carefully selected and receive appropriate monitoring, home intravenous antibiotics can be as effective as in-patient treatment. They are also associated with decreased disruption to patients / family life, decreased risk of cross infection and decreased costs.

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36

Jeffrey, Waincymer. Part IX Costs, Funding, and Ideas for Optimization, 28 Optimizing the use of Mediation in International Arbitration: A Cost–Benefit Analysis of ‘Two Hat’ Versus ‘Two People’ Models. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0029.

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This chapter considers the question of whether an arbitrator may also adopt a mediation function or whether the dual roles are antithetical. It tests that hypothesis by engaging in a cost-benefit analysis of differing scenarios when mediation is utilized in an arbitral context. The prime comparison is between parallel mediation with a separate neutral and the alternative of a dual-role neutral. The three key points are: there should be much more mediation occurring at the international level, regarding both potential and actual arbitral disputes; a commercially minded arbitrator concerned for the parties’ good faith should encourage mediation where appropriate, in particular, when an adjudicated outcome will not be in the interests of either, usually because the dispute is a small part of a long-term relationship that can risk that relationship no matter who wins; and, while informed party autonomy should always support a dual-role neutral, in most factual permutations, informed parties could be expected to prefer parallel mediation provided there is full cooperation between mediator and arbitrator. The chapter argues that the relative benefits of the use of dual-role neutrals would be greatly outweighed by the costs in fairness and efficiency, and the inevitable need for a sub-optimal design of either or both dispute processes. The benefits would also be separately outweighed by the risks of significant disruption to any ensuing arbitration if a dual-role neutral fails to achieve a settlement.

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37

Prussing, John E. Parameter Optimization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811084.003.0002.

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Parameter optimization is treated as an introduction. Unconstrained and constrained cases are analysed. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived and illustrated. Parameter optimization utilizes the theory of ordinary maxima and minima. The problem is to determine the value of the m-vector u of independent parameters (decision variables) to minimize the cost function.

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38

Fanning, Jennifer R., and Emil F. Coccaro. Neurobiology of Impulsive Aggression. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.24.

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Aggression is a behavior with evolutionary origins, but in today’s society it’s often both destructive and maladaptive. The fact that aggression has a strong basis in biological factors has long been apparent from case histories of traumatic brain damage. Research over the past several decades has confirmed the involvement of neurotransmitter function and abnormalities in brain structure and function in aggressive behavior. This research has centered around the “serotonin hypothesis” and on dysfunction in prefrontal brain regions. As this literature continues to grow, guided by preclinical research and aided by the application of increasingly sophisticated neuroimaging methodology, a more complex picture has emerged, implicating diverse neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems (e.g., glutamate, vasopressin, and oxytocin) and neural circuits. As the current pharmacological and therapeutic interventions are effective but imperfect, it is hoped that new insights into the neurobiology of aggression will reveal novel avenues for treatment of this destructive and costly behavior.

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39

Fonseca, Susan Campos, and Julianne Graper. Noise, Sonic Experimentation, and Interior Coloniality in Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842741.003.0009.

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This chapter explores how conceptual disputes over genre boundaries, noise, and music open a window into a society that debates and constructs its own contemporaneity, in dialogue with conceptions about what is meant by indigeneity, music, musical composition, musicality, and experimentalism in the twenty-first century. The chapter inquires into how discourses about experimentation and innovation coming from the realm of Noise are constructed under specific technological assumptions; it also explores how these discourses might play out within the Costa Rican artistic scene. On an aesthetic level, this chapter problematizes how the “noise community” (formed by sound artists) imagines itself in the face of a “community of musicians,” separated by the principles of “academic training,” and how Noise, without the noise community, conceives itself as an anomalous zone in Costa Rican society, evidencing processes of “interior coloniality” that function on a micropolitical level.

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40

Adelstein, Richard. Afterword: The Exchange Order. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694272.003.0012.

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The Afterword illustrates the operation of the exchange order by analogy to Braudel’s division of history into three frames and considers how this order might best be studied. Markets, tort, and criminal liability each operate at three levels of depth: a surface level where individual transactions are carried out and change is rapid, a middle level where the forces that determine costs and prices and the patterns of exchange interact and change is slower but discernible, and a deepest level that represents the fundamental commitment of the system to the social function of exchange governance, which changes very slowly, if at all. Nothing in any of these systems is ever in equilibrium, and the optimizing methods of Pigovian economics are not as useful in understanding how they work and change as are the historical, comparative methods of evolutionary biology.

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41

Sharples, Edward. Acute kidney injury. Edited by Rutger Ploeg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0127.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, and contributes significantly to length of stay and hence costs. Large epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate an incidence of AKI of 5–18% depending on the definition of AKI utilized. Even relatively small changes in renal function are associated with increased mortality, and this has led to strict definition and staging of AKI. Early recognition with good clinical assessment, diagnosis, and management are critical to prevent progression of AKI and reduce the potential complications, including long-term risk of end-stage renal failure. In this chapter, the pathophysiology, causes, and early management of AKI are discussed. Hypovolaemia and sepsis are the most common causes in hospitalized patients, across medical and surgical specialities. Other common causes are discussed, as well as diagnostic criteria.

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42

Sepúlveda, Jovanny, ed. La independencia judicial y las reformas a la justicia. CUA - Medellín, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52441/der201701.

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La región asiste a una constante sucesión de reformas procesales, producto de la irrefutable insatisfacción de la sociedad con sus sistemas de enjuiciamiento. De entre las múltiples preocupaciones que vienen aparejadas con esos movimientos reformistas destaca aquella por la independencia judicial, un tópico de indagación multidisciplinar: desde la ciencia política a la ciencia jurídica, desde la teoría del Estado a la teoría constitucional y, por cierto, a la teoría procesal. La propia conceptualización de la independencia judicial no es unívoca y, así, los acentos aparecen en distintos aspectos. Una mirada recurrente y tradicional apunta al marco institucional: la independencia judicial se asocia al “autogobierno”, a la “autonomía” e, incluso, a la “autarquía financiera”. En un sentido casi contraintuitivo, se define la independencia judicial como la “sumisión exclusiva a la ley” y, coherentemente, como la no sumisión a tribunales superiores, a otro poder ni a entidad o persona alguna; en suma, a la ausencia de subordinación jerárquica. Al fin, se pensará el deber de independencia de los jueces como correlato del derecho de los ciudadanos a ser juzgados desde el sistema jurídico y no desde parámetros extrajurídicos del sistema social (moral, política, economía, preferencias sociales, modas, entre otros. Con acierto, el compilador del libro que comentamos instala el tema en un tiempo en el que se pretende abrir los espacios para la solución jurídica de los conflictos más allá de las fronteras del proceso judicial. Desde ese punto de partida se puede valorar que la obra cuenta con investigaciones generales sobre la independencia judicial, pero también se amplían las referencias procesales a cuestiones vinculadas a medios alternativos de solución de conflictos, en particular la conciliación y el arbitraje. Entre los trabajos generales, los profesores Diana Ramírez Carvajal y Michele Taruffo —quienes conciben al derecho como un fenómeno en la cultura— tratan las relaciones entre los principios de independencia e imparcialidad, frente a los desafíos que se presentan a la labor judicial en este tiempo, y en particular en Colombia. Dentro de los diversos tópicos que señalan los autores, merece especial atención el acertado tratamiento del tema sobrelos efectos que la falta de independencia del vértice de la pirámide judicial produce en la función de todos los jueces. Por su parte el magistrado y docente Danilo Rojas Betancourth expone un metódico trabajo para aclarar las connotaciones del concepto de independencia judicial en el derecho. Destaca la necesidad de entenderlo dando prevalencia a su enfoque como derecho humano, “tanto como exigencia de los jueces mismos, como de los ciudadanos en aras de justicia”. Las profesoras Luz Amparo Granada de Espinal y Catalina Merino Martínez se hacen cargo de unos de los temas de mayor impacto en la adjudicación judicial en el derecho continental: los casos en los que la decisión implica asumir una colisión de principios. La profesora María del Socorro Rueda Fonseca, mediante un sugerente título “El proceso entre las cuerdas”, elabora un análisis comparado del sistema oral y del sistema escrito de la jurisdicción ordinaria colombiana, denunciando que las reformas judiciales que han previsto reducir los niveles de congestión no cumplen sus objetivos. Martha Eugenia Lezcano Miranda trata sobre los retos que para la justicia tiene el fortalecimiento de los medios alternativos de solución de conflictos y las jurisdicciones equivalentes, no solo en Colombia sino en otros países latinoamericanos. Entre sus propuestas cabe resaltar la de fomentar una sólida formación de los jueces en ese ámbito. El tema del arbitraje es desarrollado en varios trabajos. Laura Carballo Piñeiro muestra lo que a su entender son las insuficiencias de los arbitrajes colectivos en la experiencia española. Ana Luiza Nery no solo presenta un pormenorizado análisis conceptual del arbitraje colectivo sino que además especifica los impactos institucionales que este puede ocasionar en el sistema jurídico brasileño. A su vez Cindy Charlotte Reyes Sinisterra muestra los retos que tiene el árbitro de inversión en el posconflicto en Colombia: ¿pueden invocarse los acuerdos de paz como eximentes del cumplimiento de las obligaciones asumidas por el Estado en un Tratado Bilateral de Inversión? El tema de los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos (quizás una de las cuestiones más relevantes para la cultura actual), lo desarrollan Adriana Patricia Arboleda López, Luis Fernando Garcés Giraldo, Eduardo Murillo Bocanegra, Astelio Silvera Sarmiento, Jovany Sepúlveda Aguirre y Dany Esteban Gallego Quiceno en el ámbito de la conciliación extrajudicial, con el marcado objetivo de reconocerlo como un mecanismo gratuito, rápido y eficaz para la solución de conflictos jurídicos. Joan Picó i Junoy elabora algunas reflexiones sobre la independencia de los peritos judiciales, aproximándose a las diferencias entre la independencia y la imparcialidad judicial y el interrogante sobre si estas deben cobijar a los peritos judiciales de la misma manera como lo hacen con los jueces. Por último, Darío Alejandro Rojas Araque describe los avances que para el proceso de nulidad matrimonial trajo aparejada la reforma procesal del Papa Francisco de 2015, recortando no solo el tiempo del proceso, sino sus costos económicos. En suma, desde mi propia perspectiva de magistrado y profesor universitario, preocupado por la indagación acerca de mi tarea como juez, me complace destacar la profundidad, solvencia y variedad de estos aportes que, sin duda, contribuirán a reflexionar sobre varios de sus aspectos sobresalientes: la solución pacífica de los conflictos de los ciudadanos, las condiciones de la adjudicación de los derechos (sobre todo, la “independencia judicial”) y la propuesta de otras vías adecuadas que colaboran a la efectividad del acceso a justicia.

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43

Calderón, Nicolás. Desordenando el orden. Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33326/9786124818950.

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La teoría del caos está orientada a comprender y gestionar maquinas vivientes no triviales, que son impredecibles, que originan un nuevo orden de vida y gestión; nos prepara para reaccionar de manera rápida, ágil, ante situaciones inesperadas, ante hechos disruptivos. Para ello, el trabajador debe optar por un pensamiento no parcelado, no reduccionista, no dividido; debiendo reconocer que todo es probable, que todo es posible, que no existe un solo futuro, que nada está acabado y completo, que la realidad no es absoluta, que cada persona manifiesta su realidad en función a sus percepciones, que el orden y el desorden coexisten, que todo sucede por algo, que el caos es necesario para pensar de manera diferente y que la crisis es una fuente inagotable de creatividad y oportunidad para hacer las cosas diferentes. Que el desorden se incrementa si la ilusión y el error nos gobiernan; que, a mayor nivel de entropía, se consume más energía ineficaz, creando un orden desorganizado y obstaculizando el logro del atractor.

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Tran, Anh Q. Text and Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677602.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 first situates Errors of the Three Religions within the apologetic genre of Christian writings, tracing the history of Christian apologetics and catechism in Asia; Christian apologetics serves either a positive function of defending Church teachings or a negative role of critiquing alternate religions. Then the chapter introduces the text, including the genre, history of composition, structure, content, audience, and authorship of Errors of the Three Religions—making the case that the author is Hilario Costa—as well as its relationship to other Christian texts in Vietnam at that time, such as Matteo Ricci’s and Alexandre de Rhodes’s catechisms.

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et, Mokal. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799931.003.0008.

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This concluding chapter argues that an effective framework will encompass the full range of the Modular Approach’s tools, and that modules should only rarely be eliminated by lawmakers, and then only after careful consideration. However, lawmakers may decide that local conditions justify particular adaptations. Countries considering reform should design their MSME regime in a way that respects their constitutional requirements, and with full consideration of the policy choices involved and their respective costs and benefits. Legal systems should provide a regime capable of being unpacked, and should allow the flexible distribution of not only insolvency tools but also process functions. Specifically, countries should identify the main category of function for each step in the insolvency process. Countries should then make critical policy choices as to who is allowed or required to perform these various functions, including a consideration of the necessary level of involvement of insolvency practitioners, government agencies, court officials, and judges.

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Ponthiere, Gregory. Lifetime Well-Being. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.28.

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This chapter reviews recent contributions in positive and normative economics concerned with how individuals plan, over their uncertain lifetime, their consumption and health-affecting activities, and with the design of the optimal public policy in that context. The chapter first emphasizes that contemporary theories aimed at explaining how individuals plan their lives rely on unequal forms and degrees of rationality. On the normative side, it argues that there exists a tension between, on the one hand, optimal policies derived from a utilitarian social welfare function, and, on the other hand, optimal policies derived from an ex post egalitarian social welfare function. Actually, optimal policies under utilitarianism—encouraging savings, annuitization, and prevention—increase expected lifetime well-being, but at the cost of reducing the realized lifetime well-being of the unlucky short-lived, which raises inequalities in realized lifetime well-being.

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Kelleher, J. Paul. The Social Cost of Carbon from Theory to Trump. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813248.003.0012.

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The social cost of carbon (SCC) is a central concept in climate change economics. This chapter explains the SCC and investigates it philosophically. As is widely acknowledged, any SCC calculation requires the analyst to make choices about the infamous topic of discount rates. But to understand the nature and role of discount rates, one must understand how each of these economic concepts—and indeed the SCC concept itself—is yoked to the concept of a value function, whose job is to take ways the world could be across indefinite timespans and to rank them from better to worse. A great deal, therefore, turns on the details of the value function and on just what is meant by “better” and “worse.” This chapter seeks to explicate these and related issues, and then to situate them within the evolving landscape of federal climate policy in the United States.

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Charlwood, Andy, and Kim Hoque. Managing People. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Steven J. Armstrong, and Michael Lounsbury. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198708612.013.9.

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HRM comprises of a set of activities (recruitment and selection, training, reward, performance management, etc.) related to the management of people. It is often posited that because people are a key source of competitive advantage, such activities should be seen as central to organizational success. However, the HR function in most organizations is typically administrative in character, and seen as a cost to be minimized. Normative models of HRM that stress HR’s strategic dimension are rarely adopted in practice. This chapter seeks to explain why this is. It argues that five powerful forces constrain the role of HR: continued scepticism over their performance effects when put into practice; the history of the HR function and the expectations, skills and competencies of HR professionals that follow from that history; the impact of competing narratives; the impact of globalization and financialization logics; and societal rules and norms.

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Edwards, Deanna, and Kate Parkinson, eds. Family Group Conferences in Social Work. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447335801.001.0001.

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Family group conferences (FGCs) are a strengths based approach to social work practice, empowering families to take responsibility for decision-making. It is a cost-effective service, which is currently used by the majority of local authorities. This book discusses the origins and theoretical underpinnings of family-led decision-making and brings together the current research on the efficacy and limitations of FGCs into a single text. The book also covers topics such as the use of FGCs in different areas of children and families social work, uses case studies to illustrate current practice, and explores whether FGCs should become a mainstream function of children and families social work.

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Gee, Emma. Mapping the Afterlife. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670481.001.0001.

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This book is a tour of afterlife landscapes from Homer to Dante. It argues that the topography of the afterlife in Greek and Roman tradition, and in Dante, reflects the state of “scientific” knowledge at the time of the various contexts in which we find it, and the landscape of the Other World is a way of exploring and assimilating the shape of this world. This book posits that there is a dominant spatial idiom in afterlife landscapes, which the author calls the “journey-vision paradigm.” By this she means the presence of two kinds of space in afterlife representations—the horizontal journey of the soul across the afterlife landscape, and a synoptic vision of the universe. This has, in studies of individual texts, often been characterized as an inconsistency or anomaly: many scholars have argued that the vision of the universe is out of place in the underworld landscape. However, when one looks across the entire tradition, one finds that afterlife landscapes, almost without exception, contain these two kinds of space in one form or another. The function of this double vision of space—the journey-vision paradigm—is an attempt to harmonize the underworld, as the landscape of the soul, with the “scientific” universe, and to understand humanity in terms of the cosmos, and vice versa.

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Books on the topic 'Función costos'

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