Dissertations / Theses: 'Functional and dysfunctional conflict'

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Ryan, Sharon Ryan. "Functional and Dysfunctional Themes in Successful Peace Agreements Arising From Intractable Conflicts." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3541.

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An important challenge facing humanity today is to determine how to resolve intractable conflicts. Intractable conflicts are intensely violent conflicts that are difficult to resolve and last at least one generation. The purpose of this study was to explore the themes leaders used in resolving intractable conflicts by writing peace agreements, which achieved at least a ninety percent implementation rating by the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame. The research questions focused on the distribution of societal themes defined by Bar-Tal as present within societies experiencing an intractable conflict. This study used a multicase study approach and a directed content analysis of the narratives, chosen because the study began with an existing concept as a guide for determining initial codes. A categorization matrix was developed based on the existing concept and expanded to include one new category not initially included. The texts were coded by hand and the data were interpreted to reveal the findings, which show that the distribution of themes within narratives of the peace accords contained themes supported by Bar-Tal's research as being functional in transitioning a society out of conflict and absent themes found as being dysfunctional in helping societies make this transition. Second, interpretation of the findings confirmed that knowledge found in transformational leadership literature extends knowledge of narratives of peace accords. A new model of peacemaking emerged from these findings entitled the peace accords transformational leadership model. If leaders understood how to craft narratives of peace, then positive social change would result from a quicker end to violent conflicts and lasting peace for the societies suffering within them.

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Venter, Jaco. "The nature of conflict within an engineering company in the North West Province / Jaco Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1236.

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Hoffman, Leonora. "Konflikdinamika binne 'n staalmaatskappy te Potchefstroom / Leonora Hoffman." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1222.

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South African organizations experienced more conflict in the past ten years because of all the changes in the management of labour relations. Employees at lower, middle and upper management levels within organizations are not well informed about the different types of conflict, the functionality and dysfunctionality of conflict, how conflict takes place within the different job-levels and how to manage and resolve it. Dysfunctional conflict can be destructive and it can affect the productivity of the organization. Because of the lack of knowledge regarding conflict within the steel organization and the necessity for it to be handled correctly, it was decided to seize the opportunity to contribute to the existing knowledge of conflict. Objectives of the study The major objectives of this study are as follows: To determine how literature conceptualizes conflict dynamics by examining theory, industrial sociology, organizational behaviour and general management. To determine the following aspects by means of an empirical study: - What the main reasons are for conflict within the steel organization. - How the handling of conflict differs among the middle and lower job levels within the organization. Research study and methodology The research study is divided into a theoretical and an empirical framework. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 outline the theoretical basis. Various aspects of conflict and handling or managing it are discussed in detail. The study employs the conflict theories of Ralph Dahrendorf and Karl Marx as points of departure, as found in chapter 2, in an attempt to provide a framework for the problem statement and to attempt the attainment of the set of objectives. This chapter discusses conflict and analyzes it as a social interaction characterized by force, strife and animosity. It also offers and analysis of Dahrendorf s and Marx's theories to determine their suitability to the study. Chapter 3 discusses conflict within a business context with reference to functional and dysfunctional conflict. different approaches to conflict. types of conflict, different reactions to conflict as well as its different stages. Chapter 4 addresses the course, handling and management of conflict by analyzing the conflict process while it keeps the theories of Marx and Dahrendorf in mind. Chapter 5 analyzes and describes the data and results found by means of empirical research according to specific statistical methods. The empirical study was conducted among the employees of a steel company. A standardised questionnaire and personal interviews were used. Major findings Chapter 6 consists of analysed information about the assembled data. The major findings of the study support the set of research objectives and prove all of them. Major findings include the following: Cooperation, discipline and communication are problem areas within the steel organization. A large number of employees show dissatisfaction about the nature and extent of their work. Some of the employees misuse their authority and this is a major cause of conflict. A total of 95% of the population show that they would like further training in the dynamics of conflict management. Half of the population show that they are unaware of any policies and procedures of conflict management in the steel company. Conclusion In conclusion as found in chapter 6 the study makes a number of recommendations centring on the training of employees to handle conflict and policy-making about conflict-handling and management.
Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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Aarvaag, Evalinda, and Linda Lindroth. "Konflikter, ogräs eller frön? : Arbetsplatskonflikter utifrån ett ledarskapsperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Personal och arbetsliv, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-21708.

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Det gemensamma intresset för konflikter grundade idén att studera väl ansedda ledares perspektiv på arbetsplatskonflikter och hur dessa ledare löser konflikter konstruktivt. I grunden finns en undran om väl ansedda ledare har förmågor som gör att de löser konflikter mer konstruktivt. Konflikter utgör en stor del av en ledares arbetstid. Konflikter kan förmodligen inte undvikas men hur konflikter hanteras är avgörande för att en organisation och dess anställda skall mogna och utvecklas. Det har utövats forskning inom konflikthantering utifrån ett ledarskapsperspektiv men de studierna har haft en kvantitativ ansats. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur väl ansedda chefer ser på arbetsplatskonflikter och hur dessa chefer hanterar konflikter. Ett delsyfte är att erhålla kunskap om vilka metoder ansedda ledare använder i konflikthantering. För att besvara syftet har följande frågeställningar använts: Vilka typer av arbetsplatskonflikter uppstår i en organisation? Vad är avgörande om konflikter blir konstruktiva eller destruktiva? Vad har ledarskapet för inverkan på konflikthantering och hur ska ledaren ta sig an konflikter? Vilka förmågor och egenskaper har ledare som hanterar konflikter effektivt? Studien grundar sig på en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer som insamlingsmetod. Det införskaffade materialet kodades och tematiserades. Resultaten analyserades med hjälp av teoriramen. Slutligen användes Rahims (2002) teori om conflict management i diskussion då det i resultatet framkom stöd för modellen, dock med en utveckling vilket presenteras i slutsatsen. I studiens analys framkom att ledare som hanterar konflikter konstruktivt behärskar tre huvudområden. Dessa förmågor är människoorienterad, uppgiftsorienterad och lärande- och kulturorienterad. Väl ansedda ledare manövrerar emellan dessa förmågor beroende på situation. I studiens resultat framkom också att undvikande och dominant ledarskapsbeteende skapar barriärer i konflikthantering.
The authors' joint commitment conflicts produced the idea to study highly-regarded leaders' perspective on workplace conflicts and their constructive resolution. Basically there was a curiosity about how such leaders resolve conflicts so effectively. Workplace conflicts are a major part of a leader´s time at work. While probably unavoidable, how conflicts are handled is crucial for the growth and development of an organization and its employees. There has been practical conflict management research from a leadership perspective, but the studies have had a quantitative focus. This study aims to examine the various ways respected managers address and resolve workplace conflicts. The study seeks to answer the following questions: What kinds of workplace conflict exist in an organization? What are the critical factors in conflicts? How are conflicts viewed constructive/destructive? What is a leader's role when managing/resolving workplace conflict? What abilities and qualities have leaders who manage conflict effectively? The study is based on a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. The material was thematic and coded. Results were analysed using the theoretical framework. The empirical data was analysed using Rahims (2002) theory of conflict management. Building on the results, the model which has been developed will be presented at the study’s conclusion. The study's analysis reveals that leaders who deal with conflicts constructively mastered the three main areas of concern, depending on the situation. These are people-oriented, task-oriented, and learning- and culture-oriented. The study's results also revealed that evasive and/or dominant leadership in particular creates barrier store solving conflict.

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Froelich, Kristina Skoog. "Dysfunctional effects of commitment: How much commitment is enough?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/451.

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Shapcotte, Timothy Frank. "A biblical and functional response by the local church to the "adult children of dysfunctional families" phenomenon." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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Bitter, James. "“From Conflict to Cooperation in Adult-Child Relationships: Recognizing and Correcting Dysfunction Behind Useless and Dysfunctional Interactions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6109.

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Westcott, Corli. "Investigating the cholesterol-independent (pleiotropic) effects of selected hypolipidaemic agents in functional and dysfunctional endothelial cells." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96651.

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Thesis (DScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Vascular endothelium forms the first line of defence against harmful stimuli in the circulation. Endothelial dysfunction is a valuable predictor of cardiovascular disease and therapies aimed at improving endothelial function are therefore needed. The anti-dyslipidaemic agents, simvastatin and fenofibrate, are known for their beneficial effects on lipid parameters, however additional pleiotropic effects have been shown for both. These include improved endothelial function due to increased levels of nitric oxide (NO), as well as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. NO is produced by the enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which exists in the endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) isoforms. Most studies investigating the endothelial effects of simvastatin and fenofibrate are performed on macrovascular-derived endothelial cells, and there is a lack of data on endothelial cells (ECs) from the microcirculation, particularly the cardiac microvessels. This dissertation aimed to investigate and elucidate mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic effects of simvastatin and fenofibrate on ECs and vascular tissue using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental models. In vitro investigations included flow cytometry-based intracellular measurements of NO, as well as different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell viability parameters. Signalling pathways involved with these changes were measured by western blot analyses of the expression and phosphorylation of critical proteins involved in vascular function. Results on cardiac microvascular ECs (CMECs) demonstrated that fenofibrate (50 μM) exerted a potent, increasing effect on NO production after short periods (1 and 4 hour treatments), but after 24 hours the effects were less robust. Exhaustive investigations suggested that the NOincreasing effects of fenofibrate in baseline CMECs were NOS-independent, a novel finding as far as we are aware. Fenofibrate’s ability to protect ECs against injury was demonstrated when CMECs incubated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, were pre-treated with fenofibrate, resulting in increased NO and improved cell viability parameters. Simvastatin (1 μM) increased NO to a lesser extent in baseline CMECs, and resulted in increased apoptosis and necrosis. Following the cell studies, their effects on vascular reactivity was measured by aortic ring isometric tension studies. The effects of acutely administered fenofibrate to pre-contracted aortic rings were investigated, and results showed a modest, but significant NOS-dependent vasodilatory response. Next, an in vivo model of Wistar rats treated with simvastatin (0.5 mg/kg/day) and fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks was established. Data showed that neither drug was able to improve aortic ring contraction and dilation above baseline values. Both drug treatments increased iNOS expression, which is usually associated with harmful actions. However, in our hands, increased iNOS expression was associated with a beneficial anticontractile response in the simvastatin-treated animals. Fenofibrate treatment increased NO bioavailability in the blood of these animals. In conclusion, fenofibrate showed endothelio-protective pleiotropic effects with regards to NO production after short treatment periods in CMECs. These effects were mediated via a NOSindependent mechanism, a novel finding. Fenofibrate pre-treatment was also protective against the harmful effects of TNF-α. Simvastatin did not show pronounced pleiotropic effects in vitro or in vivo on endothelial function.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vaskulêre endoteellaag is die eerste linie van verdediging teen skadelike stimuli in die bloedsirkulasie. Endoteeldisfunksie is ‘n waardevolle voorspeller van kardiovaskulêre siektes en enige terapeutiese behandeling wat kan bydra tot verbeterde endoteelfunksie is belangrik. Simvastatien en fenofibraat word as anti-dislipidemiese middels voorgeskryf en hoewel hulle primêr gebruik word om cholesterolvlakke te verbeter, toon hulle ook pleiotropiese (cholesterolonafhanklike) eienskappe. Dit sluit in bevordering van endoteelfunksie (via verhoogde stikstofoksied (NO) produksie), asook anti-oksidant en anti-inflammatoriese effekte. NO word vervaardig deur die ensiem, stikstofoksiedsintase (NOS) wat voorkom in drie isovorme: endoteelafgeleide NOS (eNOS), induseerbare NOS (iNOS) en neuronale NOS (nNOS). Die meerderheid studies wat pleiotropiese effekte van simvastatien en fenofibraat ondersoek, gebruik endoteelselle van makrovaskulêre bloedvate, wat beteken daar is ‘n tekort aan data aangaande endoteelselle vanaf mikrovaskulêre vate, veral kardiale mikrovaskulêre vate (CMECs). Hierdie proefskrif het dit ten doel gehad om meganismes betrokke by die pleiotropiese effekte van simvastatien en fenofibraat te ondersoek deur van in vitro, ex vivo en in vivo modelle gebruik te maak. Die in vitro ondersoeke het gefokus op vloeisitometrie-gebaseerde metings van intrasellulêre NO, reaktiewe suurstof-radikale (ROS) en sellewensvatbaarheid. Seintransduksie paaie betrokke by hierdie veranderinge was bepaal deur proteienuitdrukking en -fosforilasie vlakke te meet van belangrike proteïene, met behulp van die Western-blot tegniek. Resultate van die CMEC eksperimente het getoon dat fenofibraat (50 μM) ‘n kragtige en verhogende effek op NO produksie uitgeoefen het na kort behandelingstye (1 en 4 ure), maar na 24 uur was hierdie effek minder uitgesproke. Uitvoerige ondersoeke het getoon dat fenofibraat se basislyn effekte op CMECs deur NOS-onafhanklike meganismes teweeggebring is, en sover ons kennis strek, is dit ‘n nuwe bevinding. Fenofibraat se endoteel-beskermende effekte kon ook aangetoon word deur CMECs vir een uur te behandel voor byvoeging van die pro-inflammatories sitokien, tumor nekrose faktor alpha (TNF-α), wat gelei het tot verhoogde NO vlakke en verbeterde seloorlewing. Simvastatien (1 μM) het tot ‘n mindere mate NO produksie verhoog in CMECs, tesame met pro-apoptotiese en -nekrotiese effekte. Vervolgens was die effekte op vaskulêre reaktiwiteit geëvalueer d.m.v. isometriese spanningsondersoeke. Akute effekte van fenofibraat is gemeet deur byvoeging daarvan tot ‘n vooraf saamgetrekte aorta-ring, wat tot matige, maar beduidende NOS-afhanklike verslapping gelei het. Hierna is ‘n in vivo model opgestel deur Wistar rotte vir ses weke met 0.5 mg/kg/dag simvastatien of 100 mg/kg/dag fenofibraat te behandel. Resultate toon dat geen van die behandelings basislyn kontraksie of verslapping van aorta ringe kon verbeter nie. Beide behandelings het tot verhoogde iNOS uitdrukking gelei, wat gewoonlik met nadelige effekte geassosieer word, maar in ons studies was dit met voordelige, anti-kontraktiele effekte in aortaringe van simvastatien-behandelde rotte geassosieer. Fenofibraat behandeling het die NObiobeskikbaarheid in die rotte se bloed verhoog. Ten slotte, fenofibraat het met endoteel-beskermende, pleiotropiese effekte op endoteelselle gepaard gegaan, veral t.o.v. NO-produksie na akute middeltoediening in die CMECs. Die meganisme was ‘n NOS-onafkanklike proses, wat ‘n nuwe bevinding is. Fenofibraat prebehandeling het teen die skadelike effekte van TNF-α beskerm. Geen uitgesproke pleiotropiese effekte is in vitro of in vivo gevind met simvastatien behandeling nie.

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Machaka, Ramadimetja Mercy. "The contribution of media exposure towards the functionality of dysfunctional schools in Limpopo Province: A case of selected schools in the Capricorn District." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/928.

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Thesis (MPA.) -University of Limpopo, 2010
The focus of the study was on the contribution of media exposure towards the functionality of dysfunctional schools in Limpopo Province: Capricorn District. The study was qualitative in nature and concentrated on the schools in Capricorn District that were affected by the media industry. Seven schools were selected as follows: one from Mankweng Circuit, two from Nokotlou Circuit, One from Sepitsi Circuit, One from Seshego Circuit, One from Pietersburg Circuit and one from Mogodumo Circuit. According to the research findings, the majority of the schools which were exposed by the media improved their functions. A positive impact of media exposure has also been identified through research findings in terms of the Department of Education’s involvement in the schools which were affected by the media.

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Graham, Alice. "Interparental Conflict and Neural Functioning in Infancy: An fMRI Study." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18485.

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Early life stress (ELS) affects the developing brain and impacts capacity for self-regulation and risk for psychopathology. The high spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) confers an advantage for studying specific neural regions posited to link ELS with subsequent functioning. The first chapter in this dissertation reviews the literature establishing the feasibility and utility of fMRI research with infants and young children. This chapter examines methodological issues and outlines the potential for this technique to make unique contributions to understanding how ELS influences brain development. The next two chapters present results from a study that employed a functional activation paradigm and resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) to examine associations between a common source of ELS, non-physical interparental conflict, and neural functioning during infancy. The functional activation paradigm focused on emotional tone of voice as a stimulus relevant to interparental conflict, which is likely salient to infants. Higher levels of interparental conflict (as reported by mothers) were associated with infants (6 to 12 months of age) showing greater reactivity to very angry versus neutral tone of voice in neural regions associated with processing and regulation of stress and emotion (hypothalamus and rostral anterior cingulate cortex). The rs-fcMRI analysis examined coordinated neural functioning in the absence of stimuli, focusing on the amygdala as a key region for understanding the impact of ELS and the posterior cingulate cortex as part of a group of regions that show higher levels of activity in the absence of stimuli (the default network). The results replicate previous work characterizing the default network in infants and provide novel evidence for the functional connectivity of the amydgala and amygdala subregions during infancy. Interparental conflict was associated with variation in the connectivity of both regions. Thus levels of interparental conflict were associated with neural reactivity to a stressor-relevant stimulus and with patterns of coordinated neural functioning in the absence of such stimuli. These results provide support for the utility of using fMRI with infants to examine early emerging associations between common forms of ELS and brain functioning. This dissertation includes previously published and co-authored material.
2016-10-17

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Cespedes, Ann M. PhD. "Conflict, constraint, and the evolution of the multivariate performance phenotype." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2401.

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Performance is key to survival. From day-to-day foraging events, to reproductive activities, to life-or-death crises, how well an organism performs these tasks can determine success or failure. Selection, therefore, both natural and sexual, act upon performance, and performance demands on individuals shape a population’s morphological and physiological trait distributions. While studies of morphological adaptations to ecological pressures implicitly center on the idea that responses to selection improve performance via changes in morphology, the relationships between morphology, performance, and fitness are not always well understood. In this dissertation, I investigate these relationships explicitly, as well as determine the effects that different ecological and genetic contexts have on selection and how populations respond to performance pressures. Using a model of lizard locomotor performance, I address three issues that may impact selection on performance that are often overlooked in performance studies. First, performance is not a static trait. Rather, individuals possess a range of performance abilities or intensities that can be expressed as needed. Using a novel, individual-based, quantitative genetic simulation model, I demonstrate the effects of variable performance expression and genetic constraints on how a population experiences and responds to selection on sprint and endurance performance. Second, sex differences in performance are expected in sexually dimorphic species, but empirical evidence for this is lacking. To this end, I measured and analyzed multivariate morphology and performance in Anolis carolinensis to identify sex-specific patterns in functional morphology and functional trade-offs within a broad suite of performance traits. Third, intralocus sexual conflict should constrain the evolution of the multivariate performance phenotype in both sexes. By extending the simulation model to include correlated trait inheritance between sexes and sex-specific selection on certain performance traits, I demonstrate the extent to which this sexual conflict constrains performance evolution. In combining studies of natural populations with simulation studies of selection, this dissertation embraces the complexity of performance to address the multiple contributing factors and constraints on performance evolution, and demonstrates the importance of accounting for such complexity when studying animal performance.

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Tremblay, Pascale. "Investigating the neural organisation of response selection and response conflict during language production using functional magnetic resonance imaging and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111913.

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Motor response selection is the process by which an intention to act is transformed into an action; this multifaceted process occurs at the interface between cognitive and motor systems. Despite the importance of response selection, the nature and neural implementation of this process is still a subject of debate (Thompson-Schill et al, 1997; Botvinick et al., 2001; Rushworth et al., 2004; Nachev et al., 2007). While previous research has demonstrated that the selection of finger movements relies on a distributed network involving premotor and prefrontal areas, the specific contribution of these regions, however, remains unclear. It is also unclear if the selection of words engages similar processes as the selection of finger movements, that is, if response selection is a domain-general or a domain-specific process. In order to address these issues, a set of four complementary studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was developed in which different factors affecting response selection were examined: selection mode, response type (words vs. oral movements), attention and response competition (conflict).
The results of these studies provide new insights into the neural architecture of response selection by uncovering the respective contribution of premotor areas (pre-SMA and PMA) and prefrontal areas (DLPFC and IFG). A preliminary two-stage model of response selection is proposed, in which the PMA is generating a set of response alternatives from which the pre-SMA performs selection using one of two different mechanisms (response facilitation and response inhibition). In general, these findings do not support the hypothesis of a medio-lateral gradient of control (Goldberg, 1985) but confirm the fundamental role of the lateral (PMA) and medial (pre-SMA) premotor areas in the process of selecting motor responses.
Importantly, the results also demonstrate that selection is a domain-general (response-independent) process. Uncovering the general, multifaceted nature of brain mechanisms is essential to reveal the basic units of control in the central nervous system; this knowledge is fundamental to broaden current understanding of the basic brain operations that are used to produce language. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Skorokhod, Olena. "Misrepresentation and construction of meaning in translation of news texts in the context of conflict and intervention : the application of systemic-functional linguistics." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/56885/.

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This study presents an analysis of misrepresentation and construction of meaning in the translation of news texts in the English and Russian news media. The texts analysed are published online by the U.S. and Russian media. They discuss events in contexts of sociopolitical instability, military conflict and intervention, including: military intervention in Georgia (2008), humanitarian intervention and socio-political instability in Somalia (2011 and 2012) and military conflict as well as socio-political instability in Afghanistan (2010 and 2012). This research has three main aims. The first is to examine the ways in which ideological representation is (re-)constructed in the shift between source/s and translated news texts. This is conducted through the analysis of individual linguistic choices. The second and overlapping aim is to investigate the relationship between translated target news texts and their potential source texts in the context of the issue of source-target relationship in the area of news translation. The final aim is to assess the applicability of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SFL) to translated Russian news texts in contrast to their potential sources. This is in order to analyse the ideology of representation constructed in translated Russian news texts and examine cases of misrepresentation of sources. This thesis discusses the production of global media in the context of conflict as well as strategies of news media production. Key categories and components of the theory of SFL are discussed in order to suggest an adaptation of the SFL model of analysis which can be applied to the corpus of the news texts and their translations in the online media. These key categories include: thematic and transitivity structure, modality and context. The SFL model is applied to the textual analysis of news texts in the form of case studies in order to examine individual linguistic choices – choices of lexicogrammar in the immediate linguistic as well as a wider socio-political context. Choices of lexicogrammar are interpreted with regard to the particular socio-political context of each political or military event discussed. Six stages of analysis are identified: structure analysis, context analysis, thematic structure analysis, transitivity structure analysis, modality and interpretation/evaluation of results. The analysis is applied to a corpus of twenty news texts drawn from the online media. 3 The results of the analysis indicate that SFL can be applied effectively to the analysis of translated news texts and their potential sources, in English as well as in Russian. The results also show that potential sources are often misrepresented. The suggestion arising from this is that both the question of source-target relationship and the issue of equivalence in news translation, although problematic, may be successfully investigated, in contrast to what has previously been suggested in the area of news translation analysis. The study indicates that there are differences in the constructed ideologies of both representation and meanings in the analysed news texts. The general conclusion of the analysis with regard to constructed ideologies of representation is that national interests, existing stereotypes, policies and practices are reinforced through translation. In the context of news translation the study addresses and illustrates a range of relevant and problematic issues. It also adds to the research related to contexts of political discourse by analysing three contexts of conflict and intervention. The current situation of instability in the region and Russia’s military intervention in Ukraine (similar to the one in Georgia in 2008) contribute to the topicality and importance of the questions of representation and construction of meaning through translation in the media presented in this research. The results of the analysis indicate the need for further research based on a larger corpus of news texts. It is also suggested that further analysis may incorporate the readers’ response as a criterion for evaluation of constructed ideology of representation in the respective contexts of news production.

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Forsythe, Vibh Afton. "Choosing emotion regulation strategies: The effects of interpersonal cues and symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405095742.

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Du, Plooy (Mocke) Lucinda Lucille. "An ethnographic study of the learning practices of grade 6 students in an urban township school in the Western Cape: a sociological perspective." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2055.

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Magister Educationis - MEd
The study's main starting premises is that there is a disjuncture between the rich educational engagements of these students in their environmental space and how their learning practices are framed, informed and positioned in the institutional space. My study is underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm in terms of which I set out to describe and understand the meanings that the student respondents assign to their learning practices when they are involved in discursive practices of speaking, knowing, doing, reading and writing. Qualitative research instruments: field notes, participant and non-participant observations and formal and informal interviews were used in order to answer my research question and achieve the desired research aims of this thesis. The findings are presented in a narrative format after deriving at categories and themes using narrative analysis. Finally, my research shows how these students are positioned in and by their lived spaces (whether environmental or institutional) in specific ways, and they, based on their own resources, networks and interactions, and by exercising their agency, actively construct their own spaces of learning. I describe these active constructions by these students as their 'conceptual space of learning' to highlight the complex ways in which they go about to establish their learning practices in their lived spaces. The study provides an analysis of the basis upon which each of these four students go about constructing their learning practices.
South Africa

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Ferreira, Ana Luísa Rodrigues Claro. "Descrição do Efeito de uma Intervenção de Fisioterapia com o Auxílio do Biofeedback Cinemático Tridimensional em Utentes com Disfunção no Ombro, na Dor, na Função e na Estabilidade Dinâmica." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/18684.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Fisioterapia: Relatório de Projeto de Investigação
Introdução: A disfunção no ombro é muito comum e debilitante. A evidência recente sugere que a intervenção nas disfunções do complexo articular do ombro (DCAO) deve incidir no controlo do movimento da omoplata, seguindo os princípios da estabilidade dinâmica. O biofeedback cinemático tridimensional (BCin 3D) tem-se verificado útil, como meio de feedback extrínseco em tempo real durante uma tarefa/exercício, sendo que até ao momento não existe evidência sobre os efeitos da utilização do BCin 3D na melhoria da cinemática da omoplata e redução dos sintomas em utentes com DCAO. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o efeito da intervenção da Fisioterapia, com o auxílio do BCin 3D, usando um protocolo de intervenção baseado nos princípios da estabilidade dinâmica e da reaprendizagem motora, em utentes com DCAO, descrevendo os seus efeitos na dor, funcionalidade e estabilidade dinâmica. Abordagem metodológica:Realizou-se uma série de estudos de caso em 10 sujeitos com DCAO (média idades 30,3±9,4). Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos ao protocolo de intervenção, focado na omoplata, com o auxílio do BCin3D em tempo real. Para quantificar a Dor e a Função usou-se respetivamente a Escala Visual Análoga, o Índice de Dor e Incapacidade no Ombro e o Incapacidade do Braço, Ombro e Mão. O Padrão de Recrutamento Motor e o Controlo Motor foram medidos através da atividade eletromiográfica do Trapézio Superior e Inferior; Grande Dentado e Deltóide Anterior. Usou-se um sistema de varrimento eletromagnético para reconstruir a cinemática 3D do tórax, omoplata e úmero, como fonte de Biofeedback em tempo real. Analisou-se os resultados no início; final, após um mês Follow-up (FU), e semanalmente em cada sujeito. Resultados: Evolução positiva no que respeita aos outcomes Função, Dor e Estabilidade dinâmica da omoplata, e manutenção dos mesmos após um mês de FU. O tempo total de intervenção foi de 7,8 (±2,9) semanas. Conclusão:Do conhecimento dos autores, este parece ter sido o primeiro estudo a descrever o efeito do BCin3D associado a uma intervenção com exercícios focados na omoplata, em utentes com DCAO, com resultados positivos no Final da intervenção e um mês após a alta.
Introduction: Shoulder dysfunction (SD) is a common condition. The current best available evidence points to the benefits of therapeutic exercises, and to the scapular-focused retraining as an effective solution to improve shoulder dynamic stability. While biofeedback-assisted interventions are widely advocated in musculoskeletal dysfunctions, there is no published evidence about the its effect when associated with scapular-focused interventions in patients with SD. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of a scapular-focused protocol using real-time three-dimensional (3D) kinematic feedback, on the level of pain and functioning, and scapular control in patients with SD. Methods: A series of case studies was conducted with 10 subjects (30,3±9.4 years old) with SD. All subjects were submitted to a scapular-focused protocol, based on the three phases of a motor relearning process, including scapular dynamic control exercises assisted with real-time kinematic feedback. Visual Analogue Scale, and the Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scales were used to quantify pain and functioning levels, respectively. Electromyographic activity of the upper trapezius and lower trapezius fibres, serratus anterior and anterior deltoid was collected to quantify muscles’ onset and activation intensity. Skin-mounted electromagnetic sensors were used to reconstruct the 3D kinematics of the thorax, scapula and humerus, and as a source of real-time feedback. All outcomes were assessed in the beginning, on a weekly basis, at the end of the intervention, after one month of discharge (follow-up). Results: All patients assessed improvements during the intervention period regarding the level of pain, functioning and scapular control, without recurrence of their SD within the follow-up. Mean treatment time was 7,8 (±2,9) weeks. Conclusion: To the authors’ best knowledge this is the first study describing the positive effect of a kinematic biofeedback-assisted scapular-focused intervention on patients with SD, with a decrease in pain and increase in functioning levels, and regained scapula-thoracic dynamic control.

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Marx, Christine [Verfasser], Heike [Akademischer Betreuer] Endepols, Ansgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Büschges, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Ullsperger. "The Simon Effect in Rats: A Comparative Study on Conflict and Error Processing Using Electrophysiology and Functional µPET Imaging / Christine Marx. Gutachter: Heike Endepols ; Ansgar Büschges ; Markus Ullsperger." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1038359511/34.

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Marx, Christine Verfasser], Heike [Akademischer Betreuer] Endepols, Ansgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Büschges, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ullsperger. "The Simon Effect in Rats: A Comparative Study on Conflict and Error Processing Using Electrophysiology and Functional µPET Imaging / Christine Marx. Gutachter: Heike Endepols ; Ansgar Büschges ; Markus Ullsperger." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-48975.

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Hunt, Isaac J. "Cognitive Control Disruption and Quality of Life in Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6336.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with diminished quality of life and cognitive control dysfunction. Conflict adaptation is a reflection of cognitive control, and consists of the ability to detect conflict in previous trials and adjust performance on current trials. Conflict adaptation is thought to rely on interplay between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) for detecting conflict and signaling for increases in control, respectively. We hypothesized that individuals with OCD would show reduced conflict adaptation effects in response times, error rates, ACC activation, and dlPFC activation when compared with healthy control subjects. We also expected diminished conflict adaptation to be associated with poorer quality of life in those with OCD. Nineteen individuals with OCD and twenty psychiatrically-healthy controls completed a Stroop task while response times, error rates, and fMRI data were recorded. 2-Group (OCD, control) x 2-Previous Trial Congruency (congruent, incongruent), x 2-Current Trial Congruency (congruent, incongruent) ANOVAs were conducted for both behavioral and fMRI data. Indices of conflict adaptation were correlated with quality of life scores. There was a significant response time conflict adaptation effect collapsed across groups; however, there were no between-groups interactions or main effects. No error rate conflict adaptation was observed at any level of the analysis. On fMRI analyses, the dlPFC showed increased activation on incongruent relative to congruent trials collapsed across groups; however, no ACC activation differences were observed between current incongruent and congruent trials. Conflict adaptation-related activation was noted in the ACC collapsed across groups. The between-groups ANOVA revealed a significant cluster in the ACC with control participants showing greater ACC, medial prefrontal cortex, and left orbitofrontal cortex conflict adaptation activation-related activation relative to individuals with OCD. No between-groups differences were seen in the dlPFC. Conflict adaptation was not significantly related to quality of life. Individuals with OCD may use different neural processes to achieve similar behavioral results to those of healthy controls. Alternative explanations of conflict adaptation effects such as temporal learning theory are also discussed. Our hypothesized model for the ACC and dlPFC functioning as the evaluative and regulative components of cognitive control was only partly supported. ACC and dlPFC activation appeared to highlight different roles, but these roles may be independent rather than existing in a feedback loop. Although quality of life is significantly diminished in individuals with OCD, this loss of quality of life does not appear to be mediated by conflict adaptation differences.

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Picard, Léa. "Identification of Novel Viral Interacting Proteins through the Detection of Genetic INNovations (DGINN) combined with functional assays." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN031.

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L'identification de protéines cellulaires qui interfèrent avec la réplication virale est un enjeu majeur en virologie. Parmi ces protéines, la découverte de celles engagés dans des interactions hôte-virus à long terme et en co-évolution est d'intérêt particulier. Chez l'hôte, la présence de pressions sélectives de ce type se traduit par l'apparition de différentes innovations génétiques, telles que la sélection positive sur sites spécifiques, la variation du nombre de copies du gène, la recombinaison, etc. Selon l'hypothèse que des innovations génétiques dans le cadre de l'immunité innée apparaîtraient plus particulièrement dans les protéines interagissant avec les protéines virales, nous avons développé un pipeline permettant de récupérer les séquences orthologues, de les aligner et de reconstruire leur phylogénie, suivi par la détection d'innovations génétiques. Cette procédure simplifiée permet pour la première fois de combiner la détection de gènes paralogues, de points de recombinaison, et de signatures de sélection positive avec plusieurs méthodes fréquemment utilisées. Nous avons validé ce pipeline évolutionnaire et prédictif sur des gènes dont les profils de sélections étaient déjà connus. Ensuite, nous avons analysés deux jeux de données de gènes candidats. Le premier comportait 56 gènes dont la diminution d'expression impactait la réponse interféron à l'infection virale. Le second était composé de 60 gènes surexprimés dans des macrophages résistants à l'infection par le VIH. Nous avons identifié plusieurs gènes présentant d'importantes marques de conflit génétique, et qui encodent donc potentiellement de nouvelles protéines interagissantes avec les protéines virals. Deux de ces candidats sont en cours de caractérisation fonctionnelle pour leur rôle dans le cycle réplicatif du VIH, et d'autres sont en attente d'être étudiés plus avant. Au final, nous avons développé un pipeline complet et extrêmement flexible, disponible au public, capable d'analyser de grands jeux de données et permettant aux chercheurs et chercheuses de classer leurs gènes candidats afin de hiérarchiser leurs expérimentations fonctionnelles
The identification of cellular proteins that interfere with virus replication is a key challenge in virology. Amongst them, finding those engaged in long-term virus-host interaction and co-evolution is of particular interest. In the host, such selective pressures induce diverse genetic innovations, such as site-specific positive selection, gene copy number variation, recombination, etc. Under the hypothesis that genetic innovations in innate immunity may particularly occur in viral interacting proteins, we developed a pipeline for retrieving orthologous sequences, aligning them and reconstructing their phylogeny, followed by the detection of genetic innovations. This streamlined procedure uniquely allows for the detection of paralogous genes, recombination breakpoints, and signatures of positive selection with several widely-used methods. We validated this evolutionary and predictive pipeline on genes with known selection profiles. Furthermore, we screened two datasets of candidate genes. The first one was composed of 56 genes which knock-downs impact the interferon response to viral infection. The second one was composed of 60 genes upregulated in macrophages resistant to HIV infection. We found numerous genes presenting important marks of genetic conflict, thus potentially encoding for novel Viral Interacting Proteins. Two of these candidates are undergoing functional characterization for their role in the HIV replicative cycle, and others are pending further investigation. Overall, we designed a complete and highly-flexible pipeline, available to the public, that can screen large datasets and allow researchers to rank candidate genes in order to prioritize their wet-lab experiments

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Oliveira, Marise de Souza. "Absenteísmo docente no sistema de educação do estado do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1629.

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A presente dissertação desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-graduação Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública, pesquisa a ausência do professor em sala de aula e as reais condições pelas quais isto acontece e se desenvolve, o que se revela num assunto de interesse público por influenciar o cotidiano escolar no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Sendo assim, o absenteísmo docente e as possíveis estratégias de gestão para minimização da situação é o objeto do trabalho. Para tanto, delimitou-se a seguinte questão: de que forma a administração pública poderá criar ações que possam minimizar o absenteísmo, considerando a qualidade de vida docente e a relação estabelecida com as doenças mais presentes nas licenças médicas? Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral é analisar a questão do absenteísmo no trabalho relacionado a motivos de saúde entre os docentes da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC/RJ). Os objetivos específicos são: descrever a magnitude média de licenças médicas, segundo a Superintendência de Perícias Médicas e a SEEDUC/RJ; identificar e analisar as doenças mais recorrentes que são responsáveis pelo afastamento ao trabalho; e propor ações que partem da contextualização macro do problema para atitudes operacionais visando minimizar o absenteísmo dos professores e o prejuízo pedagógico aos alunos, priorizando a qualidade de vida e o desenvolvimento profissional do docente. No primeiro capítulo foi realizada uma discrição das legislações e do contexto atual da (SEEDUC/RJ), as estratégias de gestão, o regime de trabalho docente e a situação de afastamento docente por licença médica no ano letivo de 2013, que se constituiu o objeto de pesquisa quantitativo e qualitativo. O segundo capítulo apresenta os aspectos teóricos, como a abordagem da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) e referências sobre o estudo das doenças mais recorrentes no âmbito escolar, os aspectos metodológicos e as análises com os sujeitos da pesquisa (professores, médicos e gestores), que revelam uma associação do absenteísmo docente com questões do adoecimento desencadeadas por motivos de ordem social. O terceiro capítulo trata do plano de ação, que parte dos resultados das pesquisas, onde foi percebido que a doença que mais afeta os docentes são os distúrbios mentais e comportamentais. O Plano de “Ação integrada gestão escola/aluno/professor” celebra a busca pela colaboração mútua, trabalhando conceitos de pertencionismo e fidelização à escola buscando a mediação de conflitos. Atuando em outra frente, ou seja, a valorização profissional, através de cursos de capacitação aos docentes e, finalmente, cuidando da saúde do professor, através da medicina preventiva, com a psicoterapia. Assim, o plano de ação visa tornar a escola um ambiente agradável de ser frequentado, e consequentemente minimizar o absenteísmo docente. O assunto é amplo e atual, merecedor de novas pesquisas sistemáticas, mais abrangentes e mais aprofundadas.
This work developed at the Graduate Program in Professional Management and Evaluation of Public Education, search the absence of the teacher in the classroom and the actual conditions under which this happens and develops, which reveals itself in an issue of public interest influence the daily school in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Thus, the teacher absenteeism and possible management strategies to minimize this situation is the work object. To this end, delimited to the question: how the government can create actions that can minimize absenteeism, considering the quality of teaching life and the relationship established with more diseases present on sick leave? In this context, the general objective is to analyze the issue of absenteeism in the work related to ill-health among teachers of the Secretary of State of Rio de Janeiro Education (SEEDUC / RJ). The specific objectives are: describe the average magnitude of sick leave, according to the Office of Medical Skills and SEEDUC / RJ; identify and analyze the most frequent diseases that are responsible for clearance to work; and propose actions that depart from the context of the big problem for operational actions to minimize absenteeism of teachers and pedagogical prejudice to students, giving priority to quality of life and professional development of teachers. In the first chapter was held with a description of the laws and the current context of SEEDUC / RJ management strategies, the teaching system and the status of teaching removal for sick leave in the school year 2013 and which was the subject of research quantitative and qualitative. The second chapter presents the theoretical aspects, such as the approach of Quality of Life at Work (QVT) and references on the study of the most prevalent diseases in schools, methodological issues and analyzes with the subjects (teachers, doctors and managers ), which reveal an association of teacher absenteeism with illness issues triggered by reasons of social order. The third chapter deals with the action plan, that part of the results of the research, which was perceived that the disease that affects teachers are mental and behavioral disorders. The plan "Integrated action management school / student / teacher" celebrates the search for mutual cooperation, working concepts appertaining and loyalty to the school seeking the mediation of conflicts. Acting on another front, ie the professional development through training courses for teachers and ultimately caring teacher health through preventive medicine, with psychotherapy. Thus, the action plan aims to make the school a pleasant environment to be attended, and consequently minimize teacher absenteeism. The subject is broad, current, worthy of further systematic research, broader and deeper.

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Allen, Charles G. "Crashes in the Vicinity of Major Crossroads." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2668.pdf.

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Ben, Said Amrani Nabil. "Evaluation de la fiabilité d’un système mécatronique en phase de développement." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0024.

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L’étude de la fiabilité des systèmes mécatroniques est un axe de recherche relativement récent. Ces étudesdoivent être menées au plus tôt au cours de la phase de conception, afin de prévoir, modéliser et concevoirdes systèmes fiables, disponibles et sûrs et de réduire les coûts et le nombre de prototypes nécessaires à lavalidation d’un système. Après avoir défini les systèmes mécatroniques et les notions de sûreté de fonc-tionnement et de fiabilité, nous présentons un aperçu des approches existantes (quantitatives et qualitatives)pour la modélisation et l’évaluation de la fiabilité, et nous mettons en évidence les points d’amélioration etles pistes à développer par la suite. Les principales difficultés dans les études de fiabilité des systèmes mé-catroniques sont la combinaison multi-domaines (mécanique, électronique, informatique) et les différentsaspects fonctionnels et dysfonctionnels (hybride, dynamique, reconfigurable et interactif). Il devient néces-saire d’utiliser de nouvelles approches pour l’estimation de la fiabilité. Nous proposons une méthodologied’évaluation de la fiabilité prévisionnelle en phase de conception d’un système mécatronique, en prenanten compte les interactions multi-domaines entre les composants, à l’aide de la modélisation par Réseaux dePétri, Réseaux bayésiens et fonctions de croyance. L’évaluation de la fiabilité en phase de développementdoit être robuste, avec une confiance suffisante et prendre en compte tant les incertitudes épistémiques con-cernant les variables aléatoires d’entrée du modèle utilisé que l’incertitude sur le modèle pris en hypothèse.L’approche proposée a été appliquée à l’«actionneur intelligent» de la société Pack’Aero
Reliability analysis of mechatronic systems is one of the most dynamic fields of research. This analysismust be conducted during the design phase, in order to model and to design safe and reliable systems.After presenting some concepts of mechatronic systems and of dependability and reliability, we presentan overview of existing approaches (quantitatives and qualitatives) for the reliability assessment and wehighlight the perspectives to develop. The criticality of mechatronic systems is due, on one hand, to multi-domain combination (mechanical, electronic, software), and, on the other hand, to their different functionaland dysfunctional aspects (hybrid, dynamic, reconfigurable and interactive). Therefore, new approaches fordependability assessment should be developped. We propose a methodology for reliability assessment inthe design phase of a mechatronic system, by taking into account multi-domain interactions and by usingmodeling tools such as Petri Nets and Dynamic Bayesian Networks. Our approach also takes into accountepistemic uncertainties (uncertainties of model and of parameters) by using an evidential network adaptedto our model. Our methodology was applied to the reliability assessment of an "intelligent actuator" fromPack’Aero

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Fleisher, Matthew Scott. "Temporal Patterns of Functional and Dysfunctional Employee Turnover." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1181.

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This study examined temporal patterns in collective employee turnover over a 75 month interval. Time series models were fit to subgroups of functional and dysfunctional turnover. Dysfunctional turnover was defined as voluntary separation among high and average performers and functional turnover was defined as voluntary separation of low performers. Results provided support for the hypothesis that temporal patterns of functional and dysfunctional turnover differ. Patterns among high and average performers were similar, such that employee turnover across several global regions increased during or near July. In contrast, employee turnover among low performers tended to spike during or soon after October. Forecast (prediction) accuracy of turnover differed across groups based on individual performance level. Specifically, turnover among low and average performers was forecast with greater accuracy than overall aggregated turnover or turnover among high performers, the latter being the most difficult to forecast. After time-dependent variation (autocorrelation) was removed from global turnover among high, average, and low performers, these series were cross-correlated with similarly cleaned organizational performance outcomes (i.e., net sales, operating income, diluted net earnings per share). Results from these analyses indicated that organizational performance had a lagged negative relationship with turnover among high performers. The dynamic nature of the turnover and performance variables examined underscores the importance of considering employee turnover as a continuous process. As such, employee turnover should be proactively managed over time.

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楊素祝. "The Influence of Budgetary Emphasis on Government Accountants’ Dysfunctional Behaviors: Mediating Effect of Role Conflict." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69999774912243488110.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
會計學系企業高階管理
98
In order to effectively utilize the budgets, the distribution and management of national budget is administered by government accountants in different hierarchies within the government. However, government accountants' task must also satisfy the needs of different departments in the government, making these government accountants facing the stress from various departments due to the conflicting interests among them. Thus, the research is to investigate whether government accountants demonstrate dyfuntional behaviors (focusing on increasing of turnover rate only and lowered organizational effeciency) under role conflict, as well as budgetary emphasis of the government. The research method is to distribute questionnaires to 265 subjects, one for each, who are government accountants of the Changhua government. The collected 218 valid samples are then analyzed using path analysis and hypothesis testing. Results showed that, in BAS agencies, budgetary emphasis is the main cause of the role conflict that affects government accountants. The results of this study validate that role conflict will decrease Organizational performance and increase turnover rate under budgetary emphasis. However, though budgetary emphasis increase organizational performance in BAS agencies but fails to increase the both dysfunctional behaviors. The implication of improving organizational performance and decreasing turnover rate is proposed and discussed.

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Liao, Hsin-Jou, and 廖欣柔. "Suppliers’ Marketing Capability, Initiators’ Dysfunctional Conflict and Relationship Value Affect Relational Benefit between Suppliers and Initiators." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jy8gtu.

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碩士
國立高雄餐旅大學
餐旅管理研究所
102
The goal of this study was to investigate how marketing capability, dysfunctional conflict, and relationship value affect relational benefits through the relational proclivity between suppliers and initiators in a group-buying Web site. The initiators selected were those who conducted group buying more than 10 times in the group-buying Web site. In total, 9000 invitation e-mails were sent to initiators, of which 389 were returned; the model and hypotheses were tested by using structural equation modeling. The supplier and the initiator can work together in brainstorming new products; moreover, initiators can assist suppliers by helping them identify buyers’ demands and giving them relevant feedback. The suppliers’ marketing capability is important for initiators because it can help increase the latter’s ability to catch buyers’ attention. In addition, the initiator and supplier together can think about product innovation and new product designs. Initiators, as key persons in the group-buying process, serve as a bridge between suppliers and buyers and have a positive impact on group buying. Our findings suggest that certain facets of initiators are helpful in explaining the expected product performance of buyers.

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Kuan-YingLin and 林冠穎. "The Relationships between Dyadic Dissensus, Individual-Social Orientation Conflict, Sociotropic Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/229z72.

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碩士
國立成功大學
行為醫學研究所
102
The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of individual-social orientation conflict in the relationship between dyadic dissensus and postpartum depressive symptoms, and to examine the interaction between individual-social orientation conflict and postpartum depressive symptoms among Taiwanese women. This study used secondary data analysis. Data were collected from the project on “Causes and Effects of Postpartum Depression, 1994-1996”. During the 36 weeks of gestation, women were invited into the study and the Beck Depression Inventory-Chinese version and Sociotropic Dysfunctional attitudes Subscale were administered to assess the prenatal depressive symptoms and sociotropic dysfunctional attitudes. At the 4th month postpartum, the Dyadic Consensus Subscale, Individual-Social Orientation Conflict Questionnaire, Sociotropic Dysfunctional attitudes Subscale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-Chinese version were administered. In the present study, 210 women completed the whole research. Results found that dyadic dissensus predicted postpartum depressive symptoms mediated through individual-social orientation conflict. In addition, the sociotropic dysfunctional attitudes moderated the effect of individual-social orientation conflict on postpartum depressive symptoms. The individual-social orientation conflict could only predict depressive symptoms among women with high and average sociotropic dysfunctional attitudes, but not in women with low sociotropic dysfunctional attitudes. These results revealed that the mediation role of individual-social orientation conflict and the moderation role of sociotropic dysfunctional attitudes were supported by present study.

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KUO, Wan-Yu, and 郭婉妤. "Can Commitment Reduce Dysfunctional Behaviors? The Influence of Government Accountants’ Role Conflict and Work-related Pressure." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f729s4.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
會計學系
105
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between government accountants’role conflict and work-related pressure and turnover intention. Besides, this study is also to investigate the commitments of government accountants can reduce the relationship between role conflict and work-related pressure and turnover intention or not. In order to effectively utilize the government budgets, the distribution and management of national budget is administered by government accountants. However, government accountants' task must also satisfy the needs of different departments in the government, making these government accountants facing the pressure from various departments due to the conflicting interests among them. It makes government accountants have serious role conflicts and also increase work-related pressure. In addition, this research uses commitments as moderating variable to understand if government accountants in different commitment levels, the relationship between government accountants’ role conflict and work-related pressure and turnover intention. The research method is to distribute questionnaires to 265 subjects, one for each, who are government accountants of the Changhua government. There are 218 are valid. After analyzing by the descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression. This study got the following results: 1.Government accountants’ role conflict has a positive affection on turnover intention. 2.Government accountants’ work-related pressure has a positive affection on turnover intention. 3.There is a significant difference between the high commitment group and the low commitment group in the relationship between government accountants’ role conflict and work-related pressure and turnover intention.

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Chen, Jen-Hung, and 陳仁鴻. "Cross-Functional New Product Development Team''s Conflict Management." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91044908853299316523.

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碩士
輔仁大學
管理學研究所
91
Facing such a competitive environment, firms need to develop new products continually to survive and get the competitive advantages. Because of the great risk in the new products development process, many literatures consider that the cross-functional new product development teams may reduce the uncertainty and contribute to the successes of the new products. But the successes imply that such teams should run harmoniously; on the contrary, if the cross-functional team couldn’t integrate effectively, the performance of the new products development would be badly influenced. How to integrate the cross-functional team effectively? Lots of literatures emphasized more on integrating the different functions rather than on how to resolve conflict between the cross-functional team nor to realize how the conflicts influence on their integration. Hence the author would like to understand the methods to resolve the conflict as well as the relationship between these methods and the level of cross-functional integration. The results of this research are as follows: First, when the cross-functional new product development teams face task-oriented conflicts, they would be active handle them. That is when they have conflicts on their tasks, they may face the conflicts and take some methods to resolve them. Second, when the cross-functional new product development teams face relationship conflict conflicts, they would face them negatively. Under this circumstance, this method would positively effect on the level of the cross-functional integration. Finally, this research also examines that more highly integrations for a cross-functional team could get the better performances.

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30

Vieira, Nuno Fradique. "Conflict in cross-functional teams: a practical case analysis." Master's thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17310.

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The present study is a qualitative analysis of the tensions that occur in cross-functional teams (CFTs) and the way in which they can affect the teams' accomplishments. The research is focused on a single case, COHTTEC 2005, a program aimed at transforming new technologies into businesses that took place in Lisbon, Portugal, starting March 2005. In this program, participants were organized in cross-functional teams that included researchers and management students. Semi-structured interviews were made to a sample of 17 participants. These interviews were recorded and transcribed. A table was then elaborated based on the primary data provided by the subjects and these data were classified in different categories. A three-stage model of group dynamics is proposed. The major findings of this project point to the role of interpersonal relationships on group outcomes. More specifically, several patterns associated with team malfunction were uncovered, the clearest ones being autocratic decision-making and arrogant behavior from some team members, as well as escalation in relationship conflict. Implications from these results are discussed, both for future research and for practice.

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31

Sanni, Adegboyega Oladayo. "A new metric for detecting conflict in functional software requirements /." 2006.

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32

Paula, André Santos. "Usher syndrome: dysfunctional olfactory brain regions and statistical classification of disease status using fMRI." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/89802.

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Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
O síndrome de Usher (USH) é uma doença autossómica recessiva rara que cursa com alterações da visão e audição apresentando heterogeneidade clínica e genética. Vários estudos psicofísicos e de imagiologia estrutural evidenciaram também a existência de défices olfativos em doentes com USH. No entanto, o efeito desta condição no circuito central de processamento olfativo ainda não foi avaliado através de imagiologia funcional. Deste modo, procurámos comparar a atividade cerebral relacionada com uma tarefa olfativa nos córtices orbito-frontal (COF) e piriforme (CP) entre doentes com USH e indivíduos saudáveis. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise de classificação entre grupos de modo a avaliar o potencial da imagiologia funcional para discriminar doentes com USH de indivíduos saudáveis.Vinte e seis indivíduos saudáveis sem história de disfunção olfativa e 27 doentes com USH (4 USH1, 21 USH2, 2 USH3) foram incluídos neste estudo. Todos os sujeitos realizaram a mesma tarefa de deteção olfativa durante as sessões de ressonância magnética funcional para avaliar as respostas evocadas no COF e CP. Quatro níveis de concentração de butanol foram apresentados a cada participante. As regiões cerebrais foram definidas funcionalmente através do Neurosynth, uma ferramenta de meta-análise automatizada. Na análise univariada foi ajustado um modelo linear geral multi-sujeito com efeitos aleatórios e os parâmetros beta estimados de cada região foram usados para a comparação entre grupos. Na análise de classificação foi ajustado um modelo linear geral com sujeitos separados e foram criados mapas de estatística t para cada sujeito. Estes mapas foram classificados através de um modelo de regressão logística.Verificou-se a existência de um efeito de interação entre o grupo e o nível de butanol no COF direito (F(2,365;118,247)=3,032, p=0,043) e no CP direito (F(3,150)=4,537, p=0,004). Não se verificou nenhum efeito significativo na ativação cerebral evocada pelo estímulo olfativo no COF e CP esquerdos. O contraste planeado da ativação cerebral da maior concentração de odor menos a da menor concentração de odor entre grupos revelou uma diferença significativa no COF direito (t(51)=2,339, p=0,023). O mesmo contraste mostrou uma diferença significativa entre doentes e controlos no CP direito (t(51)=-3.380, p=0.001).Quanto à análise de classificação de doentes versus controlos, apresentamos um modelo preditivo com precisão de 71,7% (p=0,0072), sensibilidade de 67,7% (p=0,0328), especificidade de 77,3% (p=0,0041) e AUC de 0,785 (p=0,0087).Estes resultados evidenciam uma diminuição da ativação no CP direito e um aumento compensatório da ativação no COF direito em doentes com USH reforçando a noção de olfação disfuncional neste síndrome. Além disso, sugerem que os padrões de ativação cerebral em regiões olfativas medidos por ressonância magnética funcional permitem discriminar doentes com USH de indivíduos saudáveis sendo uma técnica promissora em termos de diagnóstico deste síndrome.
Usher syndrome (USH) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, affecting vision and audition, and showing clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Evidence of olfactory impairment in USH patients has emerged through psychophysical and structural imaging studies. However, the effect of this condition in the central olfactory processing network has not yet been evaluated through functional imaging studies. We sought to compare olfactory task-related activity in the orbitofrontal (OFC) and piriform (PC) cortices between USH patients and healthy subjects. Also, a classification analysis between these groups was carried out to assess functional imaging potential of discriminating USH patients.Twenty-six age- and gender-matched controls with no history of olfactory dysfunction and 27 USH patients (4 USH1, 21 USH2, 2 USH3) were studied. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used with an olfactory detection task to evaluate responses in the OFC and PC. Four butanol concentration levels were presented to each participant. These regions were functionally defined using an automated meta-analysis toolbox, Neurosynth. In the univariate analyses a multi-subject general linear model (GLM) with random effects was performed and the beta estimates from each region were used to compare between groups. In the classification analysis a separate-subject GLM was performed and t-statistic maps were created for each subject which then were used as input to a logistic regression classifier.An interaction effect between group and butanol level was found in the right OFC (F(2.365;118.247)=3.032, p=0.043). Also, an interaction effect between group and butanol level emerged in the right PC (F(3,150)=4.537, p=0.004). Stimulus-evoked activation in both the left OFC and left PC did not show any significant effect. Planned contrast of the highest odor concentration minus the lowest odor concentration activation between groups revealed a significant difference in the right OFC (t(51)=2.339, p=0.023). The same contrast showed a significant difference between USH patients and controls in the right PC (t(51)=-3.380, p=0.001).As for the USH patients vs controls classification analysis we report a predictor model with accuracy of 71.7% (p=0.0072), sensitivity of 67.7% (p=0.0328), specificity of 77.3% (p=0.0041) and an AUC of 0.785 (p=0.0087).These data provide evidence of decreased activation in the right PC and increased compensatory activation in the right OFC in USH patients reinforcing the notion of dysfunctional olfactory sensory function. Also, it shows that olfactory fMRI patterns can discriminate USH patients from controls which holds promise in USH diagnosis improvement.

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33

Chang, Chih-wen, and 張誌文. "The Impact of Functional Diversity on Task Conflict in New Product Development Project." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62098714258304315378.

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碩士
國立中央大學
企業管理學系
102
In the cross-functional NPD Team, the interaction among team members has always been the focus in the past researches. Papers have different arguments about the effect of functional diversity on conflict. According to the papers done before, a team is composed of the members that come from various departments. Such a situation is prone to causing conflicts because the team members do not always reach a consensus. However, if the special field of each team member can be clearly different from others, their distinction will be more likely to increase their information sharing, which enhances the psychological safety and diminishes the possibilities of conflicts. This research attempts to explore the effect of functional diversities on task conflict through experiments and analysis, and seeks for its influential mechanism. In addition, this paper also probes into whether the degree of project complexity affects the relationship between functional diversity and task conflict. This research chooses Taiwanese manufacturers as the research topic. Those who have ever taken part in new product development projects are chosen as the research subjects. The total of the effective samples is 166. According to the experimental result, we examine that the psychological safety is mediated higher by functional diversity through the increase of information sharing; meanwhile, task conflict will be less likely to take place. However, as the degree of project complexity gets higher, the positive effect of information sharing will be lessened by functional diversity, causing the increase of task conflict.

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Zu, Lai Mei, and 賴美足. "The Relationship between Functional Family Conflict and Leisure and Health Attitudes,Work Engagement." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47762794863789048508.

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碩士
大葉大學
運動健康管理學系
104
Owing to family economic structure rapidly in recent years , declining birthrate social effects caused by the growing phenomenon , and then with the rapid development of technology , the online world , the growing awareness of parents hypertonic , and then primary stage " packet -shift " patterns of teaching , teachers apart from teaching , also face high expectations and demands from parents, social given ,therefore, school teachers work under pressure and gradually formed the source of life stress. However, past research literature rarely Teachers also discussed family conflict , leisure and health attitudes and Job Engagement. Therefore , the present study, leisure and health attitude as interference variables , investigate the effect of interference on the small leisure and health attitudes conflict Teachers home and work engagemㄡent generated.This study collected questionnaires to teachers in Taiwan small objects recovered a total of 318 valid questionnaire. The findings were as followed: (1) Functional family conflict can put forward the participation forecasting wor. (2) Functional family conflict can negatively predict job engagement of job evaluation. (3)Leisure and health attitudes toward self-cultivation functional family conflict and work engagement have significant regulatory role.

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35

Cheng, yen-chuan, and 鄭淵全. "Socioeconomic Status, Intelligence, Schooling, and Academic Achievement in the Primary School : Functional and Conflict Paradigm research." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01868969152379850446.

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博士
國立高雄師範大學
教育學類研究所
85
According to the functional and conflict paradigm questionsSocioeconomic Statu s, intelligence, schooling, and students''academic achievement in the primary s chool. To investigatewhether or not schooling is the great equalizer?Participa nts in this study were 1761 students from the fifthgrade of primary school in Taiwan. Study variables includingsocioecomomic Status(SES), home educational e nvironment(HEE),school background(SB), school educational environment(SEE),int elligence(GI), and academic achievement(AA), etc. Data wereanalysised by ANOVA , t-test, pearson''s correlation, partialcorrelation, multiple regression, and path analysis, etc.The major findings are described as following:1.HEE, GI, AA differ among the different SES and SB.2.Home factors(SES & HEE) can account f or 25.33% of totalvariance of AA. School factors(SB & SEE) can explain 37.79%o f total variance of AA. GI factor can account for45.94% oftotal variance of AA .3.Environment factors(HEE,SEE) are obviously superior tostructare factors(SES ,SB)in predict to total variance of AA.4.Schooling can play the equal function of inequalitythat home factors influence on AA..Home factors can account for 25.16% of total varianceof AA, after being School factors, show significantlya dd account for 20.05% of total variance of AA..Control GI variable, after bein g Home factors, showsignificantly account for 7.02% of total variance ofAA, af ter being School factors, show significantly addaccount for 8.67% of total var iance of AA. Schoolfactors are superior to Home factors in predict tototal var iance of AA..Account for total variance of AA large/ small order:GI, SEE, HEE, SB, SES.Conclusion, Study show that schooling can play thefunction of "equal institution", and show meritocraticpicture. No evidence show that AA reflects SES, and schoolingare the reproduction of inequality. Whereas there''s somethin gof slip between the function of equal institution and thegreat equalizer.

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Melcher, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Neural mechanisms of executive control during cognitive conflict and competition : a functional neuroimaging investigation / vorgelegt von Tobias Melcher." 2007. http://d-nb.info/986290289/34.

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37

BERÁNKOVÁ, Kristýna. "Dílna pedagoga volného času: Téma dysfunkční rodiny v literatuře pro děti a mládež." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376422.

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This thesis is dedicated to the topic of dysfunctional family in modern literature for children and young people with support of selected books of free time pedagogy. The thesis cisis of theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part speaks about the main terms and links in connection to the topic of thesis: (dys)functional family and its influence to the children of preschool and younger schoolage, educativeaims of free time pedagogy as well as the suitable method sapplicable when working with texts. In theoretial part, I introdukce selected books for children and young people dealing with the topic of dysfunctional family. Practical part is dedicated to the description and analysis offindings from worksheets, including description of own reflexion. Benefit of this thesis is the material implemented in real-life conditions, i.e. set of worksheets which is intended for work of free time teacher with children of preschool and younger schoolage.

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(Mocke), Lucinda Lucille Du Plooy. "An ethnographic study of the learning practices of grade 6 students in an urban township school in the Western Cape :a sociological perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4242_1298979576.

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The study&rsquo
s main starting premises is that there is a disjuncture between the rich educational engagements of these students in their environmental space and how their learning practices are framed, informed and positioned in the institutional space. My study is underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm in terms of which I set out to describe and understand the meanings that the student respondents assign to their learning practices when they are involved in discursive practices of speaking, knowing, doing, reading and writing. Qualitative research instruments: field notes, participant and non-participant observations and formal and informal interviews were used in order to answer my research question and achieve the desired research aims of this thesis. The findings are presented in a narrative format after deriving at categories and themes using narrative analysis. Finally, my research shows how these students are positioned in and by their lived spaces (whether environmental or institutional) in specific ways, and they, based on their own resources, networks and interactions, and by exercising their agency, actively construct their own spaces of learning. I describe these active constructions by these students as their &lsquo
conceptual space of learning&rsquo
to highlight the complex ways in which they go about to establish their learning practices in their lived spaces. The study provides an analysis of the basis upon which each of these four students go about constructing their learning practices.

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Knopff, Aliah Adams. "Conserving cougars in a rural landscape: habitat requirements and local tolerance in west-central Alberta." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1787.

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Maintaining large carnivores in human-dominated landscapes poses a significant conservation challenge. Extirpation is common because of habitat loss or direct persecution. I studied cougar habitat selection and human perception of cougars in west-central Alberta to better understand human-cougar coexistence. Cougars that were exposed to higher levels of development at the home-range scale exhibited less avoidance of anthropogenic features and altered habitat use temporally to accommodate variation in human activity, indicating behavioral resilience to development. Survey results showed that cougars were valued and tolerated by people, provided cougars did not occur near residences. Where human densities are increasing in moderately developed landscapes in west-central Alberta, therefore, human tolerance may currently be more important than habitat change for conserving cougar populations. Tolerance was negatively affected primarily by the risk (real and perceived) cougars pose to people, livestock, and game. Public education to counteract overestimation of risk may increase tolerance.
Ecology

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40

Candel, Melissa. "Co-Developing Sustainability Requirements : Exploring client and municipal perspectives in housing development." Licentiate thesis, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272246.

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Construction has major environmental, social and economic impacts. Improving sustainability both during and after the construction process is widely discussed among a slew of practitioners, governments and researchers. Construction clients, such as housing developers, are considered key actors for change and innovation because of their position to set requirements when procuring construction projects. The process of developing project requirements has therefore mainly been studied during the construction clients’ procurement process. At the same time, municipalities use their position as land owners to drive sustainable development. Land allocation agreements allow municipalities to set project-specific sustainability requirements for construction projects on municipal land. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how municipal sustainability requirements affect housing developers when planning and designing their projects. The research is based on a single empirical case study of an urban development programme comprising multiple parallel and sequential housing construction projects. In this study, the municipality’s and housing developers’ perspectives are explored. The results demonstrate that the housing developers perceive several barriers to implementing municipal sustainability requirements. The three main barriers that were identified are reduced flexibility coupled with uncertainty, conflicting interests coupled with reduced autonomy and interdependencies, and a lack of trust and transparency coupled with interdependencies. The municipal sustainability requirements are initially developed by the municipality for the land allocation agreement. They are then co-developed further by the municipality and the housing developers together through negotiations before being finalised in conjunction with the developers’ procurement process. The study is focused on the period following the housing developers’ signing of land allocation agreements with the municipality and before starting their procurement process. During this period, the housing developers attempt to negotiate municipal sustainability requirements that they anticipate will increase costs, risk and uncertainty and decrease the value of their final product. Negotiations between the housing developers and the municipality can be viewed as value co-creation processes stimulated by functional conflict. These findings build on three papers that are included in the thesis. Contributions are made to literature on the role of construction clients and their perceived barriers to implementing and developing sustainable construction solutions and practices and barriers to change in general. Theoretical contributions are also made to literature on value co-creation in construction by illustrating how clients engage in the co-creation of value with municipalities and other clients. Finally, the theoretical link between value co-creation and functional conflict is studied and developed.
Byggandethar stora miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska effekter. Hållbar utvecklingbåde under och efter byggprocessen diskuterasblandrepresentanter förindustrin, politikeroch forskare. Byggherrar,till exempel i rollensom bostadsutvecklare, anses vara viktiga aktörer för förändring och innovation på grund av deras positionatt ställa krav vid upphandling av byggprojekt. Processen föratt utveckla projektkrav har därför huvudsakligen studerats under byggherrensupphandlingsprocess. Samtidigt använder kommunersin position som markägare för att driva hållbar utveckling genom att utmana den privata sektorn. Markanvisningargör det möjligt för kommunerna att ställa projektspecifika hållbarhetskravför byggprojekt på kommunal mark. Syftet med denna studieär att undersöka hur kommunala hållbarhetskravpåverkar bostadsutvecklare när de planerar och utformar sina projekt.Resultatenär baseradepå en empirisk fallstudie av ett stadsutvecklingsprojekt innehållandeflera parallella och sekventiella bostadsprojekt. I denna studie undersöks undersöks bådekommunens och bostadsutvecklarnas perspektiv. Resultaten visar att bostadsutvecklarnauppfattar ett antal hinder för att genomföra kommunala hållbarhetskrav. De tre största hindrensom identifierats är minskad flexibilitet i kombination med osäkerhet, intressekonflikteri kombination med minskad autonomi och beroende av andra aktöreroch brist på förtroende och öppenhet i kombination med beroende av andra aktörer. De kommunala hållbarhetskraven utvecklasinitialtav kommunen för markanvisningsavtalen. De utvecklas sedan vidare av kommunen och bostadsutvecklarna tillsammans genom förhandlingar. Slutligen konkretiseras deisamband medbostadsutvecklarnas upphandlingsprocess. Studien fokuserar på perioden frånatt bostadsutvecklarna tecknatmarkanvisningsavtal med kommunen meninnan deras upphandlingav entreprenörer påbörjats. Under denna periodförsöker bostadsutvecklarna förhandla ner de kommunala hållbarhetskrav som de förutser kommer öka deras kostnader, risk och osäkerhetsamtminska värdet på deras slutprodukt. Förhandlingarna mellan bostadsutvecklarna och kommunen kan ses som värdesamskapande processer drivna av funktionella konflikter. Dessa resultat bygger på tre artiklar som ingår i avhandlingen.Bidrag görs till litteraturen ombyggherrensroll och dessupplevda hinder för att implementera ochutveckla hållbara lösningar och praxis och hinder för förändring. Teoretiska bidrag görs också till litteraturenom värdesamskapande inom bygggenom att illustrera hur byggherrarharvärdesamskapandeprocesser tillsammansmed kommuner och andra byggherrar. Slutligen studerasoch utvecklas den teoretiska kopplingen mellan värdesamskapande och funktionell konflikt.

QC 20200507

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41

Lütcke, Henry. "The role of human medial frontal cortex in cognition investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B372-E.

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42

Masoga, Liziwe. "The role of personality and organisational climate in employee turnover." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8846.

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Text in English
Research on employee turnover dates back many decades. However, this research traditionally focused on either understanding turnover intentions or the factors preceding turnover, such as job satisfaction. Despite the challenge in SA being huge and organisations struggling to keep their talent, the research on employee turnover is quite limited. Understanding the different variables that influence employee turnover and providing practical solutions on how to mitigate turnover would be valuable to many organisations. The aim of this research project was to understand the role of personality and organisational climate in employee turnover. In addition, a comprehensive model of employee turnover was developed and tested. The Five Factor Model was used to conceptualise personality, while (due to the limited nature of existing models) a new model was designed to conceptualise organisational climate. A sample of 1 536 people was drawn from a large retail organisation in SA, with 807 stayers and 729 leavers. Biographical, personality and organisational climate information was collected over a two-year period for both samples. Results of the study were mixed; there were no significant differences in the two samples regarding the big five personality factors, except when nine bipolar scales were used. On these scales, leavers were found to be more assertive, persuasive and optimistic than stayers. All five personality factors moderated HR policies & procedures in determining turnover. There were differences between the stayers and leavers samples with regard to age, gender, tenure and absenteeism. Organisational climate was a key determinant of whether people left or stayed and organisations had more than one climate. Personality, organisational climate and absenteeism accounted for 29% of turnover. The proposed model of employee turnover met most of the requirements of goof fit measures when using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).
Psychology
D.Litt. et Phil.

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Ben, Said Amrani Nabil. "L’évaluation de la fiabilité d’un système mécatronique en phase de développement." Thesis, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0024.

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L’étude de la fiabilité des systèmes mécatroniques est un axe de recherche relativement récent. Ces études doivent être menées au plus tôt au cours de la phase de conception, afin de prévoir, modéliser et concevoir des systèmes fiables, disponibles et sûrs et de réduire les coûts et le nombre de prototypes nécessaires à la validation d’un système. Après avoir défini les systèmes mécatroniques et les notions de sûreté de fonctionnement et de fiabilité, nous présentons un aperçu des approches existantes (quantitatives et qualitatives) pour la modélisation et l’évaluation de la fiabilité, et nous mettons en évidence les points d’amélioration et les pistes à développer par la suite.Les principales difficultés dans les études de fiabilité des systèmes mécatroniques sont la combinaison multi-domaines (mécanique, électronique,informatique) et les différents aspects fonctionnels et dysfonctionnels (hybride, dynamique, reconfigurable et interactif). Il devient nécessaire d’utiliser de nouvelles approches pour l’estimation de la fiabilité.Nous proposons une méthodologie d’évaluation de la fiabilité prévisionnelle en phase de conception d’un système mécatronique, en prenant en compte les interactions multi-domaines entre les composants, à l’aide de la modélisation par Réseaux de Pétri,Réseaux bayésiens et fonctions de croyance.L’évaluation de la fiabilité en phase de développement doit être robuste, avec une confiance suffisante et prendre en compte tant les incertitudes épistémiques concernant les variables aléatoires d’entrée du modèle utilisé que l’incertitude sur le modèle pris en hypothèse. L’approche proposée a été appliquée à l’«actionneur intelligent» de la société Pack’ Aero
Reliability analysis of mechatronic systems is one of the most dynamic fields of research. This analysis must be conducted during the design phase, in order to model and to design safe and reliable systems. After presenting some concepts of mechatronic systems and of dependability and reliability, we present an overview of existing approaches (quantitatives and qualitatives) for the reliability assessment and we highlight the perspectives to develop. The criticality of mechatronic systems is due, on one hand, to multi-domain combination (mechanical, electronic, software), and, on the other hand, to their different functional and dysfunctional aspects (hybrid, dynamic, reconfigurable and interactive). Therefore, new approaches for dependability assessment should be developped. We propose a methodology for reliability assessment in the design phase of a mechatronic system, by taking into account multi-domain interactions and by using modeling tools such as Petri Nets and Dynamic Bayesian Networks. Our approach also takes into account epistemic uncertainties (uncertainties of model and of parameters) by using an evidential network adapted to our model. Our methodology was applied to the reliability assessment of an "intelligent actuator" from Pack’Aero

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44

Kabir, Imran. "Representation and Reorganization of Web Accessibility Guidelines Using Goal Graphs and Design Patterns." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11146.

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Web accessibility guidelines have textual representation and provide little support in systematic analysis and usage. The study hypothesizes that the guidelines can be reorganized and represented using the goal oriented technique and design patterns which will allow their usage in a more systematic manner and accommodate detailed analysis of the guidelines with other competing goals. For this study, knowledge from web designers’ experiences in using the guidelines, researchers’ findings, and the actual guidelines have been amalgamated. Six web designers have been consulted on a one-on-one basis and difficulties in using the guidelines for (1) specific scenarios, (2) systematic application, and (3) detailed systems analysis have been reported. Goal oriented modeling and design patterns have been introduced for (1) graphical representation of the guidelines using goal graphs, and (2) keeping the technical details separate from the goal graphs. The proposed representation allows for the accessibility guidelines to be systematically applied into interface design, and systems design using the goal oriented modeling technique.

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45

Pereira, Joana Filipa de Barros. "A influência da liderança funcional na eficácia da equipa: O papel do team work engagement e do conflito intragrupal como variável contextual." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19189.

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O estudo aqui apresentado tem como foco principal perceber qual a influência da liderança funcional na eficácia das equipas, através do team work engagement, bem como perceber qual o papel do conflito intragrupal como variável contextual. Numa amostra de 55 equipas, com dados recolhidos através de empresas de consultoria de diversos setores, tanto dos elementos de equipa como também dos seus respetivos líderes, é possível afirmar que os resultados obtidos não foram, na sua totalidade, coerentes com a expectativa. A liderança, seja ela de transição ou de ação, tem efeito nas três dimensões da eficácia, o desempenho, a satisfação e a viabilidade. No entanto e ao contrário do esperado, os resultados demonstram que os conflitos, sejam eles de ordem de tarefa ou relacional, não trazem implicações, nem para o team work engagement, nem para a eficácia das equipas. Contudo, o team work engagement tem efeito nalgumas condições das variáveis em estudo. Neste sentido, a grande conclusão deste estudo indica que, para além da liderança propriamente dita, os tipos de liderança de transição e de ação são, de facto, diferenciadores na influência que demonstram perante a eficácia das equipas, através do team work engagement.
The main goal of this study is to understand the influence of functional leadership on team effectiveness through team work engagement, as well as to understand the role of intragroup conflict as a contextual variable. In a sample of 55 teams, with data collected through consulting enterprises from different sectors, both team members and their respective leaders, it is possible to state that the results obtained were not, in their entirety, consistent with the expectation. Leadership, whether it is transition leadership or action leadership, has an effect on the three dimensions of effectiveness, as so performance, satisfaction and viability. However, contrary to expectations, the results show that conflicts, whether i tis about the task or about relational aspects, have no implications for team work engagement or team effectiveness. However, team work engagement has some effect on some of the variables under study. In this sense, the great conclusion of this study indicates that, in addition to the leadership itself, the types of transition and action leadership are, in fact, different in their influence on team effectiveness through team work engagement.

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Triegaardt, Paul Karel. "The role of distributive leadership as strategy to ensure effective schools : a comparative case study within selected South African schools." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13101.

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The researcher investigated whether leadership is not held by one leader only, but by a leadership model where decision making is distributed among to the rest of the senior leadership team and leaders within the school. The researcher’s aims emanate from the research problem, what is the role of distributive leadership as strategy to ensure effective schools in South Africa. The researcher also attempts through the study to define effective school leadership, leadership strategies and distributive leadership and explore how distributive leadership supports change and improves schools effectively. The focus of the study was to obtained data that could facilitate an understanding of the participants’ experiences on the role of distributive leadership as strategy to ensure more effective schools in South Africa. It is the understanding that this data will form the basis for the conceptualising for school management and other leaders that will facilitate the successful management of the implementation of this approach. In order to achieve the aims of this study, a qualitative research design was adopted and the main form of data collection method was interviews. A total of 28 interviews were conducted. Eight themes were identified from the literature and the in-depth interviews and discussed in detail. The study found out that leadership should be managed through the distributed leadership strategy and that the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the OSCAR coaching model as distributed leadership strategy would ensure more effective schools in South Africa. The theoretical clustering of the leadership styles items and the distributed leadership model resulted in the identification of the shared leadership with elements of democratic leadership as significant contributors to the distribution of leadership and the OSCAR coaching model to facilitate meetings. This information is of importance for educational managers as they will be able to provide schools with suggestions for developmental programmes for leaders and managers in order to increase positive perceptions regarding the role of distributed leadership to ensure effective schools in South Africa. The study arrived at the conclusion that the core coaching skills are most likely to promote a successful coaching outcome. The challenge that lies ahead is for leaders to acquire these coaching skills so that they can make the transition to become a coaching leader and develop schools in such ways.
Educational Leadership and Management
D. Ed. (Education Management)

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Muchiri, Beatrice Wamuyu. "Family management, relations risk and protective factors for adolescent substance abuse in South Africa." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20094.

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An increasingly recognised prevention approach for substance use entails reduction in risk factors and enhancement of promotive or protective factors in individuals and the environment surrounding them during their growth and development. However, in order to enhance the effectiveness of this approach, continuous study of risk aspects targeting different cultures, social groups and mixture of society has been recommended. This study evaluated the impact of potential risk and protective factors associated with family management and relations on adolescent substance abuse in South Africa. Exploratory analysis and cumulative odds ordinal logistic regression modelling was performed on the data while controlling for demographic and socio-economic characteristics on adolescent substance use. The most intensely used substances were tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, heroin and alcohol in decreasing order of use intensity. The specific protective or risk impact of family management or relations factors varied from substance to substance. Risk factors associated with demographic and socio-economic factors included being male, younger age, being in lower education grades, coloured ethnicity, adolescents from divorced parents and unemployed or fully employed mothers. Significant family relations risk and protective factors against substance use were classified as either family functioning and conflict or family bonding and support. Several family management factors, categorised as parental monitoring, discipline, behavioural control and rewards, demonstrated either risk or protective effect on adolescent substance use. Some factors had either interactive risk or protective impact on substance use or lost significance when analysed jointly with other factors such as controlled variables. Interaction amongst risk or protective factors as well as the type of substance should be considered when further considering interventions based on these risk or protective factors. Studies in other geographical regions, institutions and with better gender balance are recommended to improve upon the representativeness of the results. Several other considerations to be made when formulating interventions, the shortcomings of this study and possible improvements as well as future studies are also suggested.
Psychology
M. A. (Psychology)

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Turton, Anthony Richard. "The hydropolitics of Southern Africa: the case of the Zambezi river basin as an area of potential co-operation based on Allan's concept of virtual water." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16231.

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Southern Africa generally has an arid climate and many hydrologists are predicting an increase in water scarcity over time. This research seeks to understand the implications of this in socio-political terms. The study is cross-disciplinary, examining how policy interventions can be used to solve the problem caused by the interaction between hydrology and demography. The conclusion is that water scarcity is not the actual problem, but is perceived as the problem by policy-makers. Instead, water scarcity is the manifestation of the problem, with root causes being a combination of climate change, population growth and misallocation of water within the economy due to a desire for national self-sufficiency in agriculture. The solution lies in the trade of products with a high water content, also known as 'virtual water'. Research on this specific issue is called for by the White Paper on Water Policy for South Africa.
Political Sciences
M.A. (International Politics)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Functional and dysfunctional conflict'

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