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Journal articles on the topic 'Functional element'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hafke, Jens B., Alexandra C. U. Furch, Marco U. Reitz, and Aart J. E. van Bel. "Functional Sieve Element Protoplasts." Plant Physiology 145, no. 3 (2007): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.105940.

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2

Katvala, Erik Cowing, and Charles M. Henderson. "Chemical element distributions within conodont elements and their functional implications." Paleobiology 38, no. 3 (2012): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11038.1.

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Electron microprobe analyses of platform (pectiniform Pa) elements of Permian conodonts reveal detailed and systematic chemical element distributions. The crown of the conodont element is more densely mineralized than the basal body and shows evidence of less dense mineralization in areas of rapid growth. Patterns in sodium and sulfur concentrations indicate oral to aboral differentiation within conodont elements. These chemical element patterns support oral exposure during life and functional use as a tooth, and they approximate the erupted and embedded positions of the conodont tooth when th

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3

Dikstein, R., O. Faktor, R. Ben-Levy, and Y. Shaul. "Functional organization of the hepatitis B virus enhancer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 7 (1990): 3683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.7.3683-3689.1990.

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We have studied the functional constituents of the hepatitis B virus enhancer in a number of cell lines. The sequence of this enhancer, being embedded within an open reading frame of the virus, is in part evolutionarily frozen and therefore serves as a good model to investigate the fundamental enhancer elements. The hepatitis B virus enhancer contains three functionally important DNA sequence elements, EP, E, and NF-1a, each of which is bound by a distinct protein(s). The synergistic action of these elements accounts for all of the enhancer activity in a nonliver cell line and for most, but no

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4

Dikstein, R., O. Faktor, R. Ben-Levy, and Y. Shaul. "Functional organization of the hepatitis B virus enhancer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 7 (1990): 3683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.7.3683.

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We have studied the functional constituents of the hepatitis B virus enhancer in a number of cell lines. The sequence of this enhancer, being embedded within an open reading frame of the virus, is in part evolutionarily frozen and therefore serves as a good model to investigate the fundamental enhancer elements. The hepatitis B virus enhancer contains three functionally important DNA sequence elements, EP, E, and NF-1a, each of which is bound by a distinct protein(s). The synergistic action of these elements accounts for all of the enhancer activity in a nonliver cell line and for most, but no

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5

ICHIKAWA, Atsunobu. "System Generating Element: Minimal Functional Element of Emerging Systems." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 35, no. 11 (1999): 1340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.35.1340.

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6

Maruyama, K., K. D. Schoor, and D. L. Hartl. "Identification of nucleotide substitutions necessary for trans-activation of mariner transposable elements in Drosophila: analysis of naturally occurring elements." Genetics 128, no. 4 (1991): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.4.777.

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Abstract Six copies of the mariner element from the genomes of Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans were chosen at random for DNA sequencing and functional analysis and compared with the highly active element Mos1 and the inactive element peach. All elements were 1286 base pairs in length, but among them there were 18 nucleotide differences. As assayed in Drosophila melanogaster, three of the elements were apparently nonfunctional, two were marginally functional, and one had moderate activity that could be greatly increased depending on the position of the element in the genome. Both

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7

Lin, S., and D. Kowalski. "Functional equivalency and diversity of cis-acting elements among yeast replication origins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 9 (1997): 5473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.9.5473.

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The DNA replication origins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae require several short functional elements, most of which are not conserved in sequence. To better characterize ARS305, a replicator from a chromosomal origin, we swapped functional DNA elements of ARS305 with defined elements of ARS1. ARS305 contains elements that are functionally exchangeable with ARS1 A and B1 elements, which are known to bind the origin recognition complex; however, the ARS1 A element differs in that it does not require a 3' box adjacent to the essential autonomously replicating sequence consensus. At the pos

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8

SUGAHARA, Yoshiyuki. "Element-blocks and Element-block Polymers as Functional Composite Materials." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 63, no. 9 (2016): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.63.792.

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9

Curcio, M. J., and D. J. Garfinkel. "Heterogeneous functional Ty1 elements are abundant in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome." Genetics 136, no. 4 (1994): 1245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/136.4.1245.

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Abstract Despite the abundance of Ty1 RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ty1 retrotransposition is a rare event. To determine whether transpositional dormancy is the result of defective Ty1 elements, functional and defective alleles of the retrotransposon in the yeast genome were quantitated. Genomic Ty1 elements were isolated by gap repair-mediated recombination of pGTy1-H3(delta 475-3944) HIS3, a multicopy plasmid containing a GAL1/Ty1-H3 fusion element lacking most of the gag domain (TYA) and the protease (PR) and integrase (IN) domains. Of 39 independent gap repaired pGTyHIS3 elements isolat

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10

Morales-Torres, Sergio, Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas, and Francisco Carrasco-Marín. "Element-Doped Functional Carbon-Based Materials." Materials 13, no. 2 (2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020333.

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Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from agricultural waste, organic polymers, or by using advanced synthesizing technologies. The carbon family is very wide, it includes classical activated carbons to more advanced types like carbon gels, graphene, and so on. The surface chemistry of these materials is one of the most interesting aspects to be studied. The incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities and/or heteroatoms such as O, N, B, S, or P on the carbon

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11

Previtali, Francesco, Tommaso Delpero, Andrea Bergamini, Andres F. Arrieta, and Paolo Ermanni. "Multi-functional extremely anisotropic structural element." Extreme Mechanics Letters 3 (June 2015): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2015.02.001.

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12

Richmond, Brian G., Barth W. Wright, Ian Grosse, et al. "Finite element analysis in functional morphology." Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology 283A, no. 2 (2005): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.20169.

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13

BAARS, ARTHUR I., ANDRES LÖH, and S. DOAITSE SWIERSTRA. "FUNCTIONAL PEARL Parsing permutation phrases." Journal of Functional Programming 14, no. 6 (2004): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796804005143.

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A permutation phrase is a sequence of elements (possibly of different types) in which each element occurs exactly once and the order is irrelevant. Some of the permutable elements may be optional. We show how to extend a parser combinator library with support for parsing such free-order constructs. A user of the library can easily write parsers for permutation phrases and does not need to care about checking and reordering the recognized elements. Applications include the generation of parsers for attributes of XML tags and Haskell's record syntax.

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14

Boeke, J. D., D. Eichinger, D. Castrillon, and G. R. Fink. "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome contains functional and nonfunctional copies of transposon Ty1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 4 (1988): 1432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.4.1432-1442.1988.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty elements are transposons closely related to retroviruses. The DNA sequence of a functional Ty element (TyH3) is presented. The long terminal repeat sequences are different, suggesting that TyH3 is a recombinant Ty element. A chromosomal Ty element near the LYS2 gene, Ty173, was found to be nonfunctional, even though it has no detectable insertions or deletions. The defect in Ty173 transposition is caused by a missense mutation giving rise to a Leu-to-Ile substitution in the TYB (pol) open reading frame. Several chromosomal Ty elements carry this lesion in their DNA,

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15

Boeke, J. D., D. Eichinger, D. Castrillon, and G. R. Fink. "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome contains functional and nonfunctional copies of transposon Ty1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 4 (1988): 1432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.4.1432.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty elements are transposons closely related to retroviruses. The DNA sequence of a functional Ty element (TyH3) is presented. The long terminal repeat sequences are different, suggesting that TyH3 is a recombinant Ty element. A chromosomal Ty element near the LYS2 gene, Ty173, was found to be nonfunctional, even though it has no detectable insertions or deletions. The defect in Ty173 transposition is caused by a missense mutation giving rise to a Leu-to-Ile substitution in the TYB (pol) open reading frame. Several chromosomal Ty elements carry this lesion in their DNA,

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16

Harbury, P. A., and K. Struhl. "Functional distinctions between yeast TATA elements." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (1989): 5298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5298-5304.1989.

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Although the yeast his3 promoter region contains two functional TATA elements, TR and TC, the GCN4 and GAL4 upstream activator proteins stimulate transcription only through TR. In combination with GAL4, an oligonucleotide containing the sequence TATAAA is fully sufficient for TR function, whereas almost all single-base-pair substitutions of this sequence abolish the ability of this element to activate transcription. Further analysis of these and other mutations of the TR element led to the following conclusions. First, sequences downstream of the TATAAA sequence are important for TR function.

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17

Harbury, P. A., and K. Struhl. "Functional distinctions between yeast TATA elements." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (1989): 5298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5298.

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Although the yeast his3 promoter region contains two functional TATA elements, TR and TC, the GCN4 and GAL4 upstream activator proteins stimulate transcription only through TR. In combination with GAL4, an oligonucleotide containing the sequence TATAAA is fully sufficient for TR function, whereas almost all single-base-pair substitutions of this sequence abolish the ability of this element to activate transcription. Further analysis of these and other mutations of the TR element led to the following conclusions. First, sequences downstream of the TATAAA sequence are important for TR function.

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18

Kaurova, O. V., A. A. Saak, and T. U. Revyakina. "Small business in tourism industry as a functional element region’s tax capacity." Contemporary problems of social work 1, no. 1 (2015): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2015-1-1-61-66.

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19

Medhora, M., K. Maruyama, and D. L. Hartl. "Molecular and functional analysis of the mariner mutator element Mos1 in Drosophila." Genetics 128, no. 2 (1991): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.2.311.

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Abstract The white-peach allele in Drosophila results from insertion of the transposable element mariner. The particular copy that is inserted in white-peach is an inactive copy referred to as the peach element. The peach element is excised at a high rate in the presence of active copies of mariner located elsewhere in the genome, and the excision of peach in somatic cells is recognized phenotypically by the occurrence of eye-color mosaicism in white-peach flies. Active mariner elements identified by their ability to induce high levels of white-peach mosaicism are denoted Mos (Mosaic) factors.

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20

Sheverun, Nadiia, and Halina Lejzjus. "FUNCTIONAL AND TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TITLES." ГРААЛЬ НАУКИ, no. 4 (May 15, 2021): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.07.05.2021.059.

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The functional and typological features of titles are investigated. It is found out, that due to the use of titles in modern texts, the following main functions of the titles are distinguished: informative, nominative, advertising, expressive, evaluative, integrative, compositional. Titles can be classified depending on the numeber of elements of the text they express. On this basis unidirectional and complex titles are highlighted. It is exposed, that from the point of informing titles are divided into the following categories: that fully inform about one or another element of the text, clear

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21

O'Brochta, David A., William D. Warren, Kenneth J. Saville, and Peter W. Atkinson. "Hermes, a Functional Non-Drosophilid Insect Gene Vector From Musca domestica." Genetics 142, no. 3 (1996): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.3.907.

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Abstract Hermes is a short inverted repeat-type transposable element from the house fly, Musca domestica. Using an extra-chromosomal transpositional recombination assay, we show that Hermes elements can accurately transpose in M. domestica embryos. To test the ability of Hermes to function in species distantly related to M. domestica we used a nonautonomous Hermes element containing the Drosophila melanogaster white (w +) gene and created D. melanogaster germline transformants. Transgenic G1, insects were recovered from 34.6% of the fertile Go adults developing from microinjected w − embryos.

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22

Gray, Yasmine H. M., Mark M. Tanaka, and John A. Sved. "P-Element-Induced Recombination in Drosophila melanogaster: Hybrid Element Insertion." Genetics 144, no. 4 (1996): 1601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.4.1601.

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It has previously been shown that the combination of two deleted P elements in trans, one containing the left functional end and the second element the right functional end, can lead to high levels of male recombination. This finding strongly suggests that P-element, ends from different chromosomes can become associated, followed by “pseudo-excision.” We show that two different processes are involved in resolving the pseudo-excision event: (1) the excised P-element ends continue to function as a single unit (Hybrid Element) and insert at a nearby site in the chromosome or into the element itse

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23

Gualberto, A., D. LePage, G. Pons, et al. "Functional antagonism between YY1 and the serum response factor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 9 (1992): 4209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.9.4209-4214.1992.

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The rapid, transient induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene by serum growth factors is mediated by the serum response element (SRE). The SRE shares homology with the muscle regulatory element (MRE) of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter. It is not known how these elements respond to proliferative and cell-type-specific signals, but the response appears to involve the binding of the serum response factor (SRF) and other proteins. Here, we report that YY1, a multifunctional transcription factor, binds to SRE and MRE sequences in vitro. The methylation interference footprint of YY1 overlaps with tha

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24

Gualberto, A., D. LePage, G. Pons, et al. "Functional antagonism between YY1 and the serum response factor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 9 (1992): 4209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.9.4209.

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The rapid, transient induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene by serum growth factors is mediated by the serum response element (SRE). The SRE shares homology with the muscle regulatory element (MRE) of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter. It is not known how these elements respond to proliferative and cell-type-specific signals, but the response appears to involve the binding of the serum response factor (SRF) and other proteins. Here, we report that YY1, a multifunctional transcription factor, binds to SRE and MRE sequences in vitro. The methylation interference footprint of YY1 overlaps with tha

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25

Gibson, A. A. P., and S. Tsitsos. "Derivation of the Finite Element Energy Functional for Waveguides." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 30, no. 2 (1993): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099303000210.

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Derivation of the finite element energy functional for waveguides A practical approach to introducing variational finite elements to advanced microwave courses in electromagnetics is described. Using standard electromagnetic theory such as complex power flow and waveguide analysis an energy functional, based on the conservation of energy, is derived by applying the divergence theorem to the complex power flow equation.

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26

Modina, S. A. "Regularization of a three-element functional equation." Russian Mathematics 53, no. 4 (2009): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1066369x09040057.

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27

HOSONO, Hideo. "Ubiquitous Element Strategy for Functional Inorganic Materials." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 14, no. 3 (2009): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.14.3_54.

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28

CLAESSENS, F., N. RUSHMERE, L. CELIS, B. PEETERS, P. DAVIES, and W. ROMBAUTS. "Functional characterization of an androgen response element." Biochemical Society Transactions 18, no. 4 (1990): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0180561.

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29

Romanov, Igor'. "DETERMINATION OF THE ELEMENTS RESOURCE OF THE CONTACT PAIR ACCORDING TO THEIR WORKING CONDITION." Transport engineering 2024, no. 7 (2024): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2024-7-4-10.

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Implementation of the functional purpose of a technical system depends on its structural composition and the conditions of external influence. Machine-building products are a complex technical system consisting of structural elements interconnected according to the principle of hierarchy (technical system – structural system – element). The functional state of the elements is determined by maintaining the technical parameters within the specified limits during the given time interval. During operation under external load, the mating parts of the contact pair have different degrees of changing

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30

Wang, Hui, and Qing-Hua Qin. "Voronoi Polygonal Hybrid Finite Elements with Boundary Integrals for Plane Isotropic Elastic Problems." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 03 (2017): 1750031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500314.

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Polygonal finite elements with high level of geometric isotropy provide greater flexibility in mesh generation and material science involving topology change in material phase. In this study, a hybrid finite element model based on polygonal mesh is constructed by centroidal Voronoi tessellation for two-dimensional isotropic elastic problems and then is formulated with element boundary integrals only. For the present [Formula: see text]-sided polygonal finite element, two independent fields are introduced: (i) displacement and stress fields inside the element; (ii) frame displacement field alon

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31

Kadiev, I. P. "GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMS OF INDEXATION OF ELEMENTS OF FINITE SETS." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 2 (2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-2-81-88.

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Objectives Definition of general principles for constructing indexing systems for elements of finite sets.Method. Building a model of the indexing process. Definition of general rules for assigning attributes - indices to elements of sets.Result. The general principle of constructing indexing systems for elements of sets and their aggregates is proposed. The basis of the proposed indexing principle is the mandatory presence of functional relationships between the values of the element indices. The main sign of differences in indexing systems is the difference in functional dependencies between

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32

Lee, Dong-Hoon, Naum Gershenzon, Malavika Gupta, Ilya P. Ioshikhes, Danny Reinberg, and Brian A. Lewis. "Functional Characterization of Core Promoter Elements: the Downstream Core Element Is Recognized by TAF1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 21 (2005): 9674–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.21.9674-9686.2005.

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ABSTRACT Downstream elements are a newly appreciated class of core promoter elements of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. The downstream core element (DCE) was discovered in the human β-globin promoter, and its sequence composition is distinct from that of the downstream promoter element (DPE). We show here that the DCE is a bona fide core promoter element present in a large number of promoters and with high incidence in promoters containing a TATA motif. Database analysis indicates that the DCE is found in diverse promoters, supporting its functional relevance in a variety of promoter cont

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33

Chaskalovic, Joël, and Franck Assous. "A New Mixed Functional-probabilistic Approach for Finite Element Accuracy." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 20, no. 4 (2020): 799–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2019-0089.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a new perspective on finite element accuracy. Starting from a geometrical reading of the Bramble–Hilbert lemma, we recall the two probabilistic laws we got in previous works that estimate the relative accuracy, considered as a random variable, between two finite elements {P_{k}} and {P_{m}} ({k<m}). Then we analyze the asymptotic relation between these two probabilistic laws when the difference {m-k} goes to infinity. New insights which qualify the relative accuracy in the case of high order finite elements are also obtained.

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34

Muzyk, M., and K. J. Kurzydłowski. "Generalised stacking fault energies of copper alloys - density functional theory calculations." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, no. 2 (2019): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb181128020m.

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Generalised stacking fault energies of copper alloys have been calculated using density functional theory. Stacking fault energy of copper alloys is correlated with the d?electrons number of transition metal alloying element. The tendency to twiningis also modified by the presence of alloying element in the deformation plane. The results suggest that Cu ?transition metal alloys with such elements as Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re are expected to exhibit great work hardening rate due to the tendency to emission of the partial dislocations.

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35

Iyer, V., and K. Struhl. "Mechanism of differential utilization of the his3 TR and TC TATA elements." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 12 (1995): 7059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.12.7059.

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The yeast his3 promoter region contains two TATA elements, TC and TR, that are differentially utilized in constitutive his3 transcription and Gcn4-activated his3 transcription. TR contains the canonical TATAAA sequence, whereas TC is an extended region that lacks a conventional TATA sequence and does not support transcription in vitro. Surprisingly, differential his3 TATA-element utilization does not depend on specific properties of activator proteins but, rather, is determined by the overall level of his3 transcription. At low levels of transcription, the upstream TC is preferentially utilize

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36

Kubo, Izumi, and Yoshitaka Yokoi. "A remark on the space of testing random variables in the white noise calculus." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 115 (September 1989): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000001586.

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The first author and S. Takenaka introduced the structure of a Gel’fand triplet ℋ ⊂ (L2) ⊂ ℋ* into Hida’s calculus on generalized Brownian functionals [4-7]. They showed that the space ℋ of testing random variables has nice properties. For example, ℋ is closed under multiplication of two elements in ℋ, each element of ℋ is a continuous functional on the basic space ℰ*, in addition it can be considered as an analytic functional, and moreover exp [tΔv] (Δv is Volterra’s Laplacian) is real analytic in t ∊ R as a one-parameter group of operators on ℋ, etc.

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37

Liu, Guoqi, Michelle Malott, and Michael Leffak. "Multiple Functional Elements Comprise a Mammalian Chromosomal Replicator." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 5 (2003): 1832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.5.1832-1842.2003.

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ABSTRACT The structure of replication origins in metazoans is only nominally similar to that in model organisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By contrast to the compact origins of budding yeast, in metazoans multiple elements act as replication start sites or control replication efficiency. We first reported that replication forks diverge from an origin 5′ to the human c-myc gene and that a 2.4-kb core fragment of the origin displays autonomous replicating sequence activity in plasmids and replicator activity at an ectopic chromosomal site. Here we have used clonal HeLa cell lines contain

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38

Liu, Nien Te, Chang Tzuoh Wu, and Yung Chun Lin. "The Study on the Innovation Bicycle Design Using Functional Element Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.383.

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The design method on bicycle’s functional elements proposed by this research is based on analysis on the winning work in the Global Bicycle Design Competition. Via analyzing its creative design on functional elements, our study is aimed to establish a creative design method on bicycle for designers to develop lots of creative ideas at the concept development stage. This research is divided into three stages, including analysis on bicycle’s creative design elements, construction of creative design method flow on bicycle’s functional elements, and case study on design prototype. For analysis on

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39

Rao, H., Y. Marahrens, and B. Stillman. "Functional conservation of multiple elements in yeast chromosomal replicators." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (1994): 7643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7643-7651.1994.

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Replicators that control the initiation of DNA replication in the chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae retain their function when cloned into plasmids, where they are commonly referred to as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs). Previous studies of the structure of ARS1 in both plasmid and chromosome contexts have shown that it contains one essential DNA element, A, that includes a match to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS), and three additional elements, B1, B2, and B3, that are also important for ARS function. Elements A and B3 are bound by a candidate initiator protein called the ori

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40

Rao, H., Y. Marahrens, and B. Stillman. "Functional conservation of multiple elements in yeast chromosomal replicators." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (1994): 7643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7643.

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Replicators that control the initiation of DNA replication in the chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae retain their function when cloned into plasmids, where they are commonly referred to as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs). Previous studies of the structure of ARS1 in both plasmid and chromosome contexts have shown that it contains one essential DNA element, A, that includes a match to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS), and three additional elements, B1, B2, and B3, that are also important for ARS function. Elements A and B3 are bound by a candidate initiator protein called the ori

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41

Liu, Danqing. "When cognitive grammar meets functional grammar." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 1, no. 1 (2014): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.1.1.05liu.

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This paper points out that certain frequently used terms in linguistic literature, such as“prominent/salient” and “background/ground”, are in fact interpreted differently or even contrarily in Functional Grammar and Cognitive Grammar. The paper attributes their diversified interpretations to the fundamental differences between these two linguistic schools in terms of paradigm and methodology, i.e. to focus on communicative activities of speech and discourse rules or on cognitive abilities and rules. The paper claims that “prominence” as a concept in cognitive grammar mainly relates to the spea

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Al-Shamali, Nidal, and Abdallah Al-Khateeb. "Models of Spatial Polarities in Jamal Abu Hamdan’s Novels." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 1 (2023): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i1.4441.

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The researchers’ interest in the setting and especially the element of place in the novel has long been discussed in relation to narrative discourse. The significance of place has surpassed its importance as an element of the plot to its connotative implications. Narrative space goes beyond a mere description of the surrounding setting to create polarities in relation to other harmonious elements. Juri Lotman refers to this relationship between literary space and other narrative elements as spatial polarity. Spatial polarity cannot be realized in isolation from other narrative elements such as

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Kučerová, Ivona, and Adam Szczegielniak. "Underspecification of nominal functional categories in Arabic and West Slavic." Journal of Slavic Linguistics 30, no. 3 (2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsl.2022.a923079.

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abstract: Assuming that features on functional heads are variables (Borer 2005), we expect to find syntactic operations and functional elements that target and manipulate these variables beyond matching and valuation in agree. We argue that such syntactic operations and functional elements exist. This paper presents such a functional element: a polarity operator manipulating features of a nominal functional head it modifies. The empirical motivation for our proposal comes from parallel systematic homophony over the same set of functional interpretations and features within the nominal extended

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Moskvichev, Egor. "Distribution of material properties in finite element models of inhomogeneous elements of structures." EPJ Web of Conferences 221 (2019): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922101034.

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This paper discusses an approach to finite element modelling of structure elements considering material inhomogeneity. This approach is based on the functional dependence of mechanical properties on the spatial coordinates of finite elements. It allows modelling gradient transitions between different materials, which avoid stress discontinuities during strength analysis. The finite element models of cold formed angle, welded joint and thermal barrier coating, created by this method, have been presented.

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Hodgetts, Ross B., Sandra L. O’Keefe, and Kyle J. Anderson. "An intact RNA interference pathway is required for expression of the mutant wing phenotype of vg21-3, a P-element-induced allele of the vestigial gene in Drosophila." Genome 55, no. 4 (2012): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-016.

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We have determined that two P elements, P[21-3] and P[21r36], residing in the 5′-UTR of the vestigial wing gene, encode functional repressors in eye tissue. However, neither element fits a previous categorization of repressor-making elements as Type I or II. Both elements encode polypeptides that are shorter than the canonical elements they most closely resemble. DNA sequencing reveals that P[21r36] encodes an intact THAP domain that is missing in the P[21] element, which does not encode a functional repressor. Recovery of P[21-3] at sites other than vestigial (where it causes the wing mutant,

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Evans, Vyvyan, and Andrea Tyler. "Rethinking English ‘Prepositions of Movement’." Adpositions of Movement 18 (December 31, 2004): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.18.13eva.

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In this paper, we argue against the view that prepositions designate motion. We make the case for prepositions such as to and through being associated with spatial properties in addition to a functional element. The functional element arises as a consequence of our daily interaction with the spatial configuration associated with the particular preposition. While to is associated with a spatial configuration in which a TR is oriented in the direction of a LM, its functional element is that of the LM constituting the TR’s goal. Due to the integration of spatial and functional elements with sente

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Zhu, A., and M. A. Kuziora. "Functional domains in the Deformed protein." Development 122, no. 5 (1996): 1577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.5.1577.

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A chimeric protein consisting of Deformed with a substituted Abdominal-B homeodomain (Dfd/Abd-B) is used to identify protein domains outside the homeodomain that are required for regulatory activity in vivo. A series of deletion proteins were generated based on regions showing amino acid composition similar to known regulatory domains. Each mutant protein can influence regulation of homeotic genes in a manner distinct from the intact protein. Activity was also tested using promoter elements from empty spiracles and Distal-less, two genes known to be directly regulated by Abdominal-B. Removal o

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Huang, J., and T. J. Liang. "A novel hepatitis B virus (HBV) genetic element with Rev response element-like properties that is essential for expression of HBV gene products." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 12 (1993): 7476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.12.7476-7486.1993.

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Many viruses possess complex mechanisms involving multiple gene products and cis-regulatory elements in order to achieve a fine control of their gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and retroviruses share many structural and functional similarities. In this study, by genetic and biochemical analyses, we have demonstrated the existence of a novel genetic element within the HBV genome which is essential for high-level expression of viral gene products. This element is located 3' to the envelope coding region. We have shown that this gene

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Huang, J., and T. J. Liang. "A novel hepatitis B virus (HBV) genetic element with Rev response element-like properties that is essential for expression of HBV gene products." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 12 (1993): 7476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.12.7476.

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Many viruses possess complex mechanisms involving multiple gene products and cis-regulatory elements in order to achieve a fine control of their gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and retroviruses share many structural and functional similarities. In this study, by genetic and biochemical analyses, we have demonstrated the existence of a novel genetic element within the HBV genome which is essential for high-level expression of viral gene products. This element is located 3' to the envelope coding region. We have shown that this gene

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Madenci, Emrah, and Atilla Özütok. "Variational Approximate and Mixed-Finite Element Solution for Static Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates." Solid State Phenomena 267 (October 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.267.35.

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The main objective of the present study is to give a systematic way for the derivation of laminated composite plates by using the mixed type finite element formulation with a functional. The first order shear deformation plate theory is used. Differential field equations of composite plates are derived from virtual displacement principle. These equations were written in operator form then by using the Gâteaux differential method, a new functional which including the dynamic and geometric boundary conditions is obtained after provide potential conditions. Applying mixed-type finite element bas

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