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Journal articles on the topic 'Functional grammar'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Prideaux, Gary D., and Anna Siewierska. "Functional Grammar." Language 70, no. 1 (March 1994): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416747.

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2

Wedekind, Jürgen, and Ronald M. Kaplan. "Tractable Lexical-Functional Grammar." Computational Linguistics 46, no. 3 (November 2020): 515–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00384.

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The formalism for Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) was introduced in the 1980s as one of the first constraint-based grammatical formalisms for natural language. It has led to substantial contributions to the linguistic literature and to the construction of large-scale descriptions of particular languages. Investigations of its mathematical properties have shown that, without further restrictions, the recognition, emptiness, and generation problems are undecidable, and that they are intractable in the worst case even with commonly applied restrictions. However, grammars of real languages appear not to invoke the full expressive power of the formalism, as indicated by the fact that algorithms and implementations for recognition and generation have been developed that run—even for broad-coverage grammars—in typically polynomial time. This article formalizes some restrictions on the notation and its interpretation that are compatible with conventions and principles that have been implicit or informally stated in linguistic theory. We show that LFG grammars that respect these restrictions, while still suitable for the description of natural languages, are equivalent to linear context-free rewriting systems and allow for tractable computation.
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3

Liu, Danqing. "When cognitive grammar meets functional grammar." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.1.1.05liu.

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This paper points out that certain frequently used terms in linguistic literature, such as“prominent/salient” and “background/ground”, are in fact interpreted differently or even contrarily in Functional Grammar and Cognitive Grammar. The paper attributes their diversified interpretations to the fundamental differences between these two linguistic schools in terms of paradigm and methodology, i.e. to focus on communicative activities of speech and discourse rules or on cognitive abilities and rules. The paper claims that “prominence” as a concept in cognitive grammar mainly relates to the speaker’s concerns, and can be more specifically reworded as topicality or accessibility since it, while conflicting with the focus-stress pattern, mostly conforms to the syntactic hierarchy of syntactic functions and the accessibility hierarchy of NPs, with the case being that the higher position an element occupies in the syntactic hierarchy the more prominent it is cognitively; “prominence” in Functional Grammar, however, mainly relates to the communicative function and the information status of the relevant elements, which thus can be more specifically reworded as focus or focusing, and it mostly conforms to the focus-stress pattern but conflicts with the syntactic hierarchy, with the case being that the more deeply an element is syntactically embedded the more prominent it is functionally. Some controversial opinions about emphasized elements in certain Chinese constructions might arise from the diversified interpretations of the relevant terms. On this basis, the paper further discusses certain problems existing in the ‘figure-background’ theory in cognitive grammar.
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4

Su, Hang, and Naixing Wei. "“I’m really sorry about what I said”." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 28, no. 3 (August 27, 2018): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17005.su.

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Abstract This paper extends the concept of local grammar to speech act studies, focusing specifically on apologising in English. It aims primarily to demonstrate the usefulness of a local grammar approach to account for speech acts and ultimately to contribute to the on-going development of corpus pragmatics. Apology expressions in a corpus of scripted TV conversations are first automatically extracted and then manually examined in order to make sure that all remaining instances have the illocutionary force of apologising and thus qualify for further analysis. The subsequent local grammar analyses facilitate the establishment of a local grammar of apology, comprising 14 local grammar patterns. The analyses show that it is promising to develop a set of local grammars to account more adequately for speech acts in general. The relationship between local grammars, functional grammars, and general grammars is further discussed, which suggests that local grammars can be an alternative approach to functional-pragmatic studies of language and discourse. Directions for future research are outlined; and implications and applications are briefly discussed.
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5

Napoli, Donna Jo, and George M. Horn. "Lexical-Functional Grammar." Language 61, no. 1 (March 1985): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/413425.

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6

Atiyah, Anwar Turki. "The Morphosyntactic level in Functional Discourse Grammar." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 29, 2020): 1419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201112.

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7

WILMES, THOMAS. "FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS VIEWED AS GRAMMARS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 02, no. 01 (March 1991): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054191000030.

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Functional production systems, which have been represented so far as a unification of functional and logic programming, are reviewed as a highly compact grammar concept, generalizing two-level, definite clause, macro, and attribute grammars.
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8

Hengeveld, Kees, and J. Lachlan Mackenzie. "Grammar and context in Functional Discourse Grammar." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.24.2.02hen.

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This article presents a proposal for the organization of the Contextual Component in Functional Discourse Grammar. A guiding principle in this proposal is that, given the fact that Functional Discourse Grammar is a theory of grammar, the Contextual Component should provide the information that is necessary for a proper functioning of the grammar rather than aim at an exhaustive specification of all the information that plays a role in interpreting linguistic expressions. The Contextual Component contains situational and discursive information and is organized in different strata that correspond to the interpersonal, representational, morphosyntactic, and phonological levels of representation within the grammar. The contextual representations make use of the same formalizations as the corresponding linguistic representations, thus allowing for direct exchange of information between the Grammatical and the Contextual Components. Thus exchange of information is handled by an interface called the contextualizer. The article illustrates the functioning of this model by analyzing the role of contextual information with respect to three grammatical phenomena in three different languages: Unexpressed arguments in Turkish, English too, and answers to yes/no questions in European Portuguese.
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9

GARCÍA VELASCO, Daniel. "Modularity and derivation in Functional Discourse Grammar." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 33, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-445079408678625808.

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ABSTRACT Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) is a typologically-based theory of language structure which is organized in levels, layers and components. In this paper, I will claim that FDG is modular in Sadock’s sense, as it presents four independent levels of representation with their own linguistic primitives each. For modular grammars, the relation between the different levels (more technically, the nature of the interfaces) is a central issue. It will be shown that FDG is a top-down grammar which follows two basic principles in its dynamic implementation: Depth-first and Maximal depth. Together with external constraints, these principles conspire to create linguistic representations which are psychologically adequate and which allow levels to be circumvented if necessary, thus simplifying representations and creating mismatches among them.
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10

Butler, Christopher S. "Focusing on focus: A comparison of Functional Grammar, Role and Reference Grammar and Systemic Functional Grammar." Language Sciences 27, no. 6 (November 2005): 585–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2005.07.004.

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11

Fauzi, Ashar, and Kristian Adi Putra. "Reconstructing Grammar Exercises: A Systemic Functional Grammar Approach." Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah 7, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v7i2.14051.

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Despite the sufficient amount of language textbook analysis studies that have been conducted, little attention focused on grammar exercises analysis presented in the Indonesian junior high school English textbooks that facilitated the students to make meaning where functional grammar principles were adopted. This current study nuanced education artifacts analysis. The researchers intended to reveal to what extent the English grammar exercises present functional grammar exercises. Moreover, The study provided a practical suggestion to teachers, textbook developers, and language practitioners to revise and include the functional grammar approach in designing English grammar exercises. Anchored into critical document study, this study focused to find the representation of functional grammar exercises portrayed in an English language textbook where the mandated English language curriculum endorses genre-based and text-based language pedagogy in an Indonesian secondary school context. Two analytical tools were combined (i.e. transitivity analysis and critical discourse study) to reveal the existing English grammar exercises. The findings present a total of 88 English grammar exercises found in the textbook. However, 28 English grammar exercises indicated activities for the student to make meaning. The result provided a critical suggestion for grammar exercises revision that facilitates students to make meaning and understanding the social practices of the language. However, this study only provided a textbook analysis, further studies possibly focus on action studies where the functional grammar exercises were implemented in classroom activities.
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Jensen, Kjær. "Functional Grammar in Denmark." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 4, no. 6 (July 27, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v4i6.21463.

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13

Togeby, Ole. "Formal and functional grammar." NyS, Nydanske Sprogstudier 1, no. 52-53 (December 15, 2017): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nys.v1i52-53.102681.

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14

Matthiessen, Christian, and M. A. K. Halliday. "Introduction to Functional Grammar." Language 65, no. 4 (December 1989): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414947.

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15

Hiietam, Katrin. "Introducing functional grammar (review)." Language 83, no. 2 (2007): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2007.0073.

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16

WANG, ZHIQIANG, and XINYI ZHAO. "Functional grammar and teaching of Russian grammar in China." Филология: научные исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32322.

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The subject of this research is the implementation of the theory of functional grammar in teaching of Russian language grammar to Chinese audience. The object of this research is the functional grammar of A. V. Bondarenko and communicative function of G. A. Zolotova. Studying the theory of functional grammar of the Russian language and its application among the Chinese audience allows deepening the understanding of grammar rules and increase the efficiency of teaching Russian grammar to Chinese students. The article analyzes the current situation regarding the teaching of Russian grammar in China. Special attention is given to such question as the method of employment of the theory of functional grammar at the grammar lessons among Chinese audience. The novelty consist in the attempt to implement the theory of functional grammar in teaching of Russian language grammar to Chinese students. The article determines the flaws of the traditional structural grammar and merits of the functional grammar. It is revealed that the application of functional grammar would help the students to improve the command of grammar rules and speech communication.
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17

Rakova, Alya, John L. Watzke, and James W. Sweigert. "The Russian Reference Grammar/Core Grammar in Functional Context." Slavic and East European Journal 43, no. 2 (1999): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/309581.

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18

DEVRIESE, DOMINIQUE, and FRANK PIESSENS. "Finally tagless observable recursion for an abstract grammar model." Journal of Functional Programming 22, no. 6 (July 10, 2012): 757–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796812000226.

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AbstractWe define a finally tagless, shallow embedding of a typed grammar language. In order to avoid the limitations of traditional parser combinator libraries (no bottom-up parsing, no full grammar analysis or transformation), we require object-language recursion to be observable in the meta-language. Since existing proposals for recursive constructs are not fully satisfactory, we propose new finally tagless primitive recursive constructs to solve the problem. To do this in a well-typed way, we require considerable infrastructure, for which we reuse techniques from the multirec generic programming library. Our infrastructure allows a precise model of the complex interaction between a grammar, a parsing algorithm and a set of semantic actions. On the flip side, our approach requires the grammar author to provide a type- and value-level encoding of the grammar's domain and we can provide only a limited form of constructs like many. We demonstrate five meta-language grammar algorithms exploiting our model, including a grammar pretty-printer, a reachability analysis, a translation of quantified recursive constructs to the standard one and an implementation of the left-corner grammar transform. The work we present forms the basis of the grammar-combinators parsing library1, which is the first to work with a precise, shallow model of abstract context-free grammars in a classical (not dependently typed) functional language and which supports a wide range of grammar manipulation primitives. From a more general point of view, our work shows a solution to the well-studied problem of observable sharing in shallowly embedded domain-specific languages and specifically in finally tagless domain-specific languages.
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19

Guilfoyle, Eithne, and Máire Noonan. "Functional Categories and Language Acquisition." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 37, no. 2 (June 1992): 241–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100021976.

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Many theorists (e.g., Hyams 1987; Pinker 1984) working in the framework of generative grammar have assumed the “Continuity Hypothesis”. Under this view language acquisition is made up of a series of continuous stages. The child moves from one stage to another, and at each stage the grammar posited by the child is determined by Universal Grammar (UG). The motivation for the movement from one stage to another comes from a trigger in the language environment which causes the child to restructure her grammar, and so move on to the next stage. The Continuity Hypothesis has provided an explanation for the acquisition of many linguistic structures; however, in many instances it has been difficult to explain exactly which data in the language environment act as a trigger, and why they have an effect on the child’s grammar.
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20

Castro, Carolyn D., and M. A. K. Halliday. "An Introduction to Functional Grammar." Language 71, no. 4 (December 1995): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415759.

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21

Croft, William, and William McGregor. "A Functional Grammar of Gooniyandi." Language 68, no. 2 (June 1992): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416981.

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22

Verstraete, Jean-Christophe, Simon C. Dik, and Kees Hengeveld. "The Theory of Functional Grammar." Language 76, no. 1 (March 2000): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417432.

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23

Gebruers, Rudi. "Anna Siewierska on Functional Grammar." Functions of Language 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.1.1.08geb.

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24

Börjars, Kersti. "Lexical-Functional Grammar: An Overview." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-062419-125014.

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Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) is a model for the analysis of language in which different types of linguistic information are represented in separate dimensions, each with its own formalism. These dimensions are linked by mapping principles. In this article, I describe the architecture of the model and illustrate some dimensions of information and the mapping between them in more detail. I also provide an outline of the analysis of long-distance dependencies and control to illustrate the advantages of this type of model. I briefly mention some further areas where LFG has proven to be a useful tool for analysis and provide references for the reader to follow up.
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25

Yokoyama, Olga T. "Functional grammar: A field approach." Journal of Pragmatics 24, no. 3 (September 1995): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(95)90003-9.

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26

Gulstad, Daniel E., William A. Foley, and Robert D. van Valin. "Functional Syntax and Universal Grammar." Modern Language Journal 70, no. 2 (1986): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327353.

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27

Arturo Trujillo, I. "Functional grammar and the computer." Knowledge-Based Systems 4, no. 2 (June 1991): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(91)90023-u.

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Jones, Daniel B. "Functional grammar and the computer." Machine Translation 7, no. 3 (1993): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00402517.

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29

Schachter, Paul. "Functional syntax and universal grammar." Lingua 69, no. 1-2 (June 1986): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(86)90083-5.

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30

Morley, G. D. "An introduction to functional grammar." Lingua 69, no. 1-2 (June 1986): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(86)90084-7.

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31

Browse, Sam. "From functional to cognitive grammar in stylistic analysis of Golding’s The Inheritors." Journal of Literary Semantics 47, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jls-2018-2003.

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Abstract Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) is one of the most influential grammars used in stylistics, but more recently the discipline has witnessed a growing body of work using cognitive grammars to explain stylistic effects. This research has tended to make the positive case for cognitive grammar (CG) by demonstrating its similarity to functionalist approaches. However, it is also necessary to say how CG adds to an SFG account of literary effects. To do so, I return to Halliday’s seminal analysis of Golding’s novel, The Inheritors. I use CG to investigate the conceptual processes involved in the reader’s interpretation of the character’s deviant mindstyle and outline some of the ludic and dramatic effects of these reconstrual operations. Thus, whereas SFG focuses on describing the ideational structure of the representations proffered by texts, I argue that a unique affordance of CG is its focus on the readerly construction of meaning.
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32

Alturo, Nuria, Evelien Keizer, and Lluís Payrató. "The interaction between context and grammar in functional discourse grammar." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.24.2.01alt.

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33

Vu, Phuong Mai, and Le Thuy Vy. "Implication of Functional Discourse Grammar in Teaching." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 34, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v34.1.4533.

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English learning has always been a big issue to be discussed. Many methods have been researched and applied in learning and teaching English so as to achieve the best results. The methods applied in teaching vary from that of teaching and learning four skills to teaching and learning three language areas. In terms of language areas, the most to be paid attention in school, especially in Vietnam, is grammar. Teachers always try their best to help students learn grammar well. However, it seems not to have as much improvement as expected. This paper aims to find a new way and new kind of grammar to teach so that students can improve their grammar not only in school but also in students’ own lives. The paper also gives an example of a grammar lesson from grade 10 textbook and shows how grammar is used in class in a new way.
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Duarte, José Pinto. "Towards the Mass Customization of Housing: The Grammar of Siza's Houses at Malagueira." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 32, no. 3 (June 2005): 347–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b31124.

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The goal of the described research is an interactive computer system for the design of customized mass housing. Shape grammars are the formalism proposed to systematize the design rules required for such a system. A shape grammar for Alvaro Siza's patio houses at Malagueira, a 1200-unit development still being designed and constructed today, is presented. The grammar is based on the corpus of thirty-five houses designed between 1977 and 1996. The generation of houses in the grammar proceeds by the recursive dissection of rectangles locating four different functional zones (patio, living, services, and sleeping) and the key placement of the staircase. The schematic generations of two existing houses and the detailed generation of a novel one illustrate the grammar.
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Widdowson, Henry G. "The use of grammar, the grammar of use." Functions of Language 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.4.2.02wid.

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This paper1 is meant to be a contribution to the current debate on the scope and accountability of grammatical description by a critical examination of features of the systemic-functional model. As to scope, I consider to what extent this grammar can actually account for language use in text. I argue that the semantic functions which are specified in the separate components of systemic-functional grammar combine pragmatically under variable conditions of interpretation which will always elude grammatical analysis, and that although it is possible to analyse text as manifesting linguistic categories, the interpretation of text as the realization of these categories in discourse is a pragmatic matter beyond the scope of grammar. This means that you can make use of grammatical description, and therefore make it useful, but use and usefulness cannot be intrinsic design features of the description, and cannot be adduced as measures of its validity.
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36

Sigurd, Bengt. "Using Referent Grammar (RG) in Computer Analysis, Generation and Translation of Sentences." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 1-2 (June 1988): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001785.

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The paper presents Referent Grammar (RG), a version of generalized phrase structure grammar. RG uses descriptive labels for defective categories (categories tacking a constituent) instead of slash expressions and needs no null (empty, zero) categories. RG uses both functional and categorial representations and the grammar rules, written in the Prolog DCG formalism, relate these two levels. The functional representations of RG include referent variables (numbers) with noun phrases which makes it possible to keep track of the referents within the sentences and in the text. Relative clauses can be defined in a new way using these referents and the referent, enriched with grammatical features, can be used for controlling agreement. Substantial fragments of Swedish and English grammars have been implemented in RG and the print-out of a demo session shows how RG works in computerized analysis, generation and translation of Swedish and English sentences.
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37

Van de Velde, Freek. "Interpersonal modification in the English noun phrase." Functions of Language 14, no. 2 (December 7, 2007): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.14.2.05van.

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This article gives an overview of the various interpersonal modifiers in the English noun phrase, several of which seem to have been overlooked in formal as well as functional grammars. On the theoretical side, this article is concerned with how to bring the constructions at issue under a Functional Discourse Grammar representation (Hengeveld and Mackenzie 2006, in prep.).
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38

Wiranegara, Dian Arsitades. "LEARNING FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR IN ESP CLASS." Journal of English for Academic and Specific Purposes 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jeasp.v1i1.5244.

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<span class="fontstyle0">Learning functional grammar for ESP class is aimed to improve students<br />of non-English language department to understand how English works<br />effectively, appropriately, and accurately. Teaching ESP cannot be<br />separated by the use or the implementation of functional grammar as it is<br />clear that teaching English as a foreign language in ESP class is also<br />concerned with the language as an instrument of social interaction rather<br />than as a system which is viewed in isolation. Teaching functional<br />grammar for ESP students, in this matter, students of non-English<br />language department, can result such a hard working effort for teachers in<br />order to help them understand the-so-called functional grammar. As a<br />matter of fact, ESP can combine subject matter of the related field of<br />study and English language teaching. Therefore, learning functional<br />grammar has actually been conducted in ESP class since the students are<br />also involved with the use of their background knowledge of the field of<br />study.</span>
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39

Rehan, Naveed. "Analyzing Literary Texts through Functional Grammar." Linguistics and Literature Review 04, no. 02 (October 31, 2018): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.42.04.

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40

Wadley, Stephen, Charles N. Li, and Sandra A. Thompson. "Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar." Journal of the American Oriental Society 107, no. 3 (July 1987): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603476.

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41

Velasco, Daniel García. "Functional Discourse Grammar and acquisitional adequacy." Revista Odisseia 2 (December 20, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/1983-2435.2017v2n0id13182.

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This article explores the compatibility of Functional Discourse Grammar with Tomasello’s (2003; 2008) Social-Pragmatic theory of language acquisition. Section 1 follows Boland (1999, 2006) and others who have claimed that theories of language should be constructed in such a way that they are compatible with what is known about the process of first language acquisition. In section 2, I will briefly explore the main approaches to the study of language acquisition in current linguistics and I will claim that a functional theory of language should preferably be compatible with a constructivist approach, given the paramount role they confer on social, communicative and cultural factors in language acquisition. The paper will then concentrate on examining the compatibility of FDG with Tomasello’s (2003, 2008) theory of language acquisition. My conclusion will be that many aspects of the internal architecture of FDG and the analytical tools employed in the model find direct correlate in Tomasello’s work and thus FDG seems to be in an excellent position to meet Boland’s standard of acquisitional adequacy.
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42

Ørsnes, Bjarne. "Formel Sproganalyse med Lexical-Functional Grammar." NyS, Nydanske Sprogstudier 34, no. 34-35 (April 2, 2006): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nys.v34i34-35.13458.

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43

고춘화. "Designing the Semantic-functional Grammar Textbooks." Journal of Korean Language and Literature Education ll, no. 45 (August 2009): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17247/jklle.2009..45.35.

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44

Nylander, Dudley K., and A. Machtelt Bolkestein. "Syntax and Pragmatics in Functional Grammar." Language 62, no. 2 (June 1986): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414695.

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45

Honeyford, Kim, Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell, and Annie Zaenen. "Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar." Language 74, no. 1 (March 1998): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417641.

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46

Hengeveld, Kees, and Niels Smit. "Dynamic formulation in Functional Discourse Grammar." Lingua 119, no. 8 (August 2009): 1118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2008.02.004.

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47

Hengeveld, Kees. "Layers and operators in Functional Grammar." Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 1 (March 1989): 127–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700012123.

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Abstract:
I have argued elsewhere (Hengeveld, 1987b) that for a proper treatment of modality the clause model used in Functional Grammar (Dik, 1978, 1980) should be adapted in such a way that a number of different layers can be distinguished. My main argument there was that predications, used in Functional Grammar to represent linguistic expressions, have two different functions: a DESCRIPTIVE function and a CONTENT function. A predication not only gives a description of the external situation the speaker refers to within his speech act, it also represents the prepositional content or message unit processed within that speech act. Subjective and evidential modalities, which express a propositional attitude, should take a predication in its contentrepresenting function in their scope, whereas objective modalities, i.e. those modalities that are concerned with the actuality status of a State of Affairs (SoA), should take a predication in its SoA-designating function in their scope. A clause model should therefore be able to distinguish between these two functions of predications.
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48

Butler, Christopher. "Standards of adequacy in Functional Grammar." Journal of Linguistics 27, no. 2 (September 1991): 499–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700012779.

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49

Keizer, Evelien. "English proforms in Functional Discourse Grammar." Language Sciences 34, no. 4 (July 2012): 400–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2012.02.009.

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50

Weigand, Hans. "Assessing functional grammar for knowledge representation." Data & Knowledge Engineering 8, no. 3 (July 1992): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(92)90022-4.

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