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Journal articles on the topic 'Functional melatonin receptors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Richter, Hans G., Claudia Torres-Farfan, Jocelyn Garcia-Sesnich, et al. "Rhythmic Expression of Functional MT1 Melatonin Receptors in the Rat Adrenal Gland." Endocrinology 149, no. 3 (2007): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1009.

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We previously demonstrated that melatonin is involved in the regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid production in diurnal primates through activation of MT1 membrane-bound melatonin receptors. However, whether melatonin has a similar role in nocturnal rodents remains unclear. Using an integrative approach, here we show that the adult rat adrenal gland expresses a functional MT1 melatonin receptor in a rhythmic fashion. We found that: 1) expression of the cognate mRNA encoding for the MT1 membrane-bound melatonin receptor, displaying higher levels in the day/night transition (1800–2200 h); 2) exp
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2

Cecon, Erika, Jean A. Boutin, and Ralf Jockers. "Molecular Characterization and Pharmacology of Melatonin Receptors in Animals." Receptors 2, no. 2 (2023): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/receptors2020008.

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Melatonin, the hormone of darkness, is secreted in minute amounts during the night and is virtually undetectable during the day. Melatonin mainly acts on high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors. The present review will trace the path of the discovery of melatonin receptors from their cloning, expression and purification to the development of recent radioactive and fluorescent tracers. We will then report on the state-of-the-art of melatonin receptor functional properties, including ligand bias and system bias due to receptor-associated proteins and receptor heteromers. Currently available an
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Labani, Nedjma, Florence Gbahou, Marc Noblet, et al. "Pistacia vera Extract Potentiates the Effect of Melatonin on Human Melatonin MT1 and MT2 Receptors with Functional Selectivity." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 7 (2023): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071845.

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Melatonin is a tryptophan derivative synthesized in plants and animals. In humans, melatonin acts on melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Synthetic melatonin receptor agonists are prescribed for insomnia and depressive and circadian-related disorders. Here, we tested 25 commercial plant extracts, reported to have beneficial properties in sleep disorders and anxiety, using cellular assays (2─[125I]iodomelatonin binding, cAMP inhibition, ERK1/2 activation and β-arrestin2 recruitment) in mock-transfected and HEK293 cells expressing MT1 or MT2.
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4

Nikolaev, Georgi, Ralitsa Robeva, and Rossitza Konakchieva. "Membrane Melatonin Receptors Activated Cell Signaling in Physiology and Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (2021): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010471.

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The pineal hormone melatonin has attracted great scientific interest since its discovery in 1958. Despite the enormous number of basic and clinical studies the exact role of melatonin in respect to human physiology remains elusive. In humans, two high-affinity receptors for melatonin, MT1 and MT2, belonging to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been cloned and identified. The two receptor types activate Gi proteins and MT2 couples additionally to Gq proteins to modulate intracellular events. The individual effects of MT1 and MT2 receptor activation in a variety of cells are
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Tse, Lap Hang, Suet Ting Cheung, Seayoung Lee, and Yung Hou Wong. "Real-Time Determination of Intracellular cAMP Reveals Functional Coupling of Gs Protein to the Melatonin MT1 Receptor." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5 (2024): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052919.

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Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that regulates the circadian rhythm and many other physiological processes. Its functions are primarily exerted through two subtypes of human melatonin receptors, termed melatonin type-1 (MT1) and type-2 (MT2) receptors. Both MT1 and MT2 receptors are generally classified as Gi-coupled receptors owing to their well-recognized ability to inhibit cAMP accumulation in cells. However, it remains an enigma as to why melatonin stimulates cAMP production in a number of cell types that express the MT1 receptor. To address if MT1 can dually couple to Gs and Gi prot
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Hazlerigg, DG. "What is the role of melatonin within the anterior pituitary?" Journal of Endocrinology 170, no. 3 (2001): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1700493.

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The pineal hormone, melatonin, is uniquely defined by its role as hormonal time, but the processes whereby cells extract temporal information from the melatonin signal are not understood. Melatonin receptors are expressed in the pars tuberalis (PT) and, during fetal and perinatal life, in the pars distalis (PD). Functional studies suggest that the PT mediates the seasonal effects of melatonin on prolactin secretion, whilst the PD may be involved in photoperiodic programming of the developing gonadotrophic axis. To understand these effects at the cellular level we need to know the phenotype of
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7

Pedreros, Marcos, Marcelo Ratto, and Montserrat Guerra. "Expression of functional melatonin MT1 receptors in equine luteal cells: in vitro effects of melatonin on progesterone secretion." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 3 (2011): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd10137.

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In the present study, we analysed the molecular mechanism(s) by which melatonin directly affects ovarian function in the mare. In Experiment 1, follicles and corpora lutea (CL) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and analysed for melatonin (MT1) receptor mRNA and protein. In Experiment 2, CL were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium-F12 medium (control medium) supplemented with 50 ng mL–1 equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG), 1 nM–1 μM melatonin, 1 μM forskolin or 1 μM luzindole. Explants were cultured for 3 h in the presence of these
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8

Peters, Karsten, David Dahlgren, Hans Lennernäs, and Markus Sjöblom. "Melatonin-Activated Receptor Signaling Pathways Mediate Protective Effects on Surfactant-Induced Increase in Jejunal Mucosal Permeability in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910762.

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A well-functional intestinal mucosal barrier can be compromised as a result of various diseases, chemotherapy, radiation, and chemical exposures including surfactants. Currently, there are no approved drugs targeting a dysfunctional intestinal barrier, which emphasizes a significant medical need. One candidate drug reported to regulate intestinal mucosal permeability is melatonin. However, it is still unclear if its effect is primarily receptor mediated or antioxidative, and if it is associated with enteric neural pathways. The aim of this rat intestinal perfusion study was to investigate the
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9

Lépinay, Julie, Catherine Taragnat, Jean-Philippe Dubois, et al. "Negative regulation of melatonin secretion by melatonin receptors in ovine pinealocytes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0255249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255249.

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Melatonin (MLT) is a biological modulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms and reproduction. The photoperiodic information is detected by retinal photoreceptors and transmitted through nerve transmissions to the pineal gland, where MLT is synthesized and secreted at night into the blood. MLT interacts with two G protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2. The aim of our work was to provide evidence for the presence of MLT receptors in the ovine pineal gland and define their involvement on melatonin secretion. For the first time, we identified the expression of MLT receptors with the specific 2-[1
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10

Acharjee, Samik, and Shiv Shankar Singh. "Melatonin and thermal stress regulate differential expression of heat shock proteins and melatonin receptors in spleen of mice." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 3, no. 01 (2015): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.3.1.7.

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Cellular defence by expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) against stress stimulation is the most universal phenomenon in stress physiology. Melatonin is well known as an anti-stress molecule possessing hypothermic effects. It protects cells and tissues in stressed conditions. Individually, Hsp70 and melatonin shows its functional ability in stressed organisms as well as in immune functions. The aim of the present study was to determine the interaction of melatonin receptors (MT1/MT2) in exogenous melatonin modulated expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp70/Hsc70) in spleen of thermally stre
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11

Liang, Xudong, Jixiu Wang, Baoyi Huang, et al. "Functional Involvement of Melatonin and Its Receptors in Reproductive Regulation of the Marine Teleost, Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)." Fishes 10, no. 1 (2025): 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10010028.

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Melatonin is a critical regulator of biological rhythms across organisms, transducing light signals into neuroendocrine signals that facilitate reproductive regulation in response to environmental cues. However, the precise mechanisms through which melatonin regulates reproduction in fish require further investigation. In this study, we employed molecular and organizational biological techniques to examine the expression patterns of melatonin and its five receptor subtypes (LcMTNR1A1, LcMTNR1A2, LcMTNR1B1, LcMTNR1B2, and LcMTNR1C) in various tissues of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys cr
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Guerra-Librero, Ana, Beatriz I. Fernandez-Gil, Javier Florido, et al. "Melatonin Targets Metabolism in Head and Neck Cancer Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial Structure and Function." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (2021): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040603.

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Metabolic reprogramming, which is characteristic of cancer cells that rapidly adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment and is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis, is recognized as one of the major mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance. Mitochondria, which are directly involved in metabolic reprogramming, are used to design novel mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. Despite being targeted by melatonin, the functional role of mitochondria in melatonin’s oncostatic activity remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of melatonin in mitochondrial metabolism and its
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13

Dhali, Tapan, Mona Sharma, and Priyanka Hemrajani. "Melatonin - A Cutaneous Perspective." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 19, no. 2 (2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v19i2.39452.

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Melatonin (MLT) is an endogenous hormone secreted from the pineal gland, located deep in the brain in the epithalamus associated with numerous biological activities. The primary function of melatonin is to regulate sleep-wake cycles. However, research over the last few years has enlightened a range of functions associated with this molecule, including anti-inflammatory, direct and indirect antioxidant activity, regenerative tissue benefits, and preservation of mitochondrial function. Melatonin’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant support, coupled with its mitochondrial modulation, makes it a vi
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14

Fernández-Alegre, Estela, Estíbaliz Lacalle, Cristina Soriano-Úbeda, et al. "Bos taurus and Cervus elaphus as Non-Seasonal/Seasonal Models for the Role of Melatonin Receptors in the Spermatozoon." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (2022): 6284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116284.

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Melatonin is crucial in reproduction due its antioxidant, hormonal, and paracrine action. Melatonin membrane receptors (MT1/MT2) have been confirmed on spermatozoa from several species, but functionality studies are scarce. To clarify their role in ruminants as reproductive models, bull (Bos taurus, non-seasonal) and red deer (Cervus elaphus, highly seasonal) spermatozoa were analyzed after 4 h of incubation (38 °C, capacitating media) in 10 nM melatonin, MT1/MT2 agonists (phenylmelatonin and 8M-PDOT), and antagonists (luzindole and 4P-PDOT). Motility and functionality (flow cytometry: viabili
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15

Gilad, E., M. Laudon, H. Matzkin, et al. "Functional melatonin receptors in human prostate epithelial cells." Endocrinology 137, no. 4 (1996): 1412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.4.8625918.

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16

Klosen, Paul, Christele Bienvenu, Olivier Demarteau та ін. "The mt1 Melatonin Receptor and RORβ Receptor Are Co-localized in Specific TSH-immunoreactive Cells in the Pars Tuberalis of the Rat Pituitary". Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 50, № 12 (2002): 1647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540205001209.

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The pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary represents an important target site for the time-pacing pineal hormone melatonin because it expresses a large number of mt1 receptors. Functional studies suggest that the PT mediates the seasonal effects of melatonin on prolactin (PRL) secretion. The aim of this study was the characterization of the pheno-type of melatonin-responsive cells. Furthermore, we determined whether RORβ, a retinoid orphan receptor present in the PT, was co-expressed in the same cells. We combined nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) with hapten-labeled riboprobes for det
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17

Prendergast, Brian J. "MT1 Melatonin Receptors Mediate Somatic, Behavioral, and Reproductive Neuroendocrine Responses to Photoperiod and Melatonin in Siberian Hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)." Endocrinology 151, no. 2 (2010): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0710.

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Environmental day length drives nocturnal pineal melatonin secretion, which in turn generates or entrains seasonal cycles of physiology, reproduction, and behavior. In mammals, melatonin (MEL) binds to a number of receptor subtypes including high-affinity (MT1 and MT2) and low-affinity (MT3, nuclear orphan receptors) binding sites, which are distributed throughout the central nervous system and periphery. The MEL receptors that mediate photoperiodic reproductive and behavioral responses to MEL have not been identified in a reproductively photoperiodic species. Here I tested the hypothesis that
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18

Musshoff, Ulrich, Daniel Riewenherm, Eva Berger, Jan-Dirk Fauteck, and Erwin-Josef Speckmann. "Melatonin receptors in rat hippocampus: molecular and functional investigations." Hippocampus 12, no. 2 (2002): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hipo.1105.

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19

Denker, Elsa, Lars O. E. Ebbesson, David G. Hazlerigg, and Daniel J. Macqueen. "Phylogenetic Reclassification of Vertebrate Melatonin Receptors To Include Mel1d." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 9, no. 10 (2019): 3225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400170.

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The circadian and seasonal actions of melatonin are mediated by high affinity G-protein coupled receptors (melatonin receptors, MTRs), classified into phylogenetically distinct subtypes based on sequence divergence and pharmacological characteristics. Three vertebrate MTR subtypes are currently described: MT1 (MTNR1A), MT2 (MTNR1B), and Mel1c (MTNR1C / GPR50), which exhibit distinct affinities, tissue distributions and signaling properties. We present phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses supporting a revised classification of the vertebrate MTR family. We demonstrate four ancestral ve
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20

Wittkowski, Werner H., Andreas H. Schulze-Bonhage, and Tobias M. Böckers. "The pars tuberalis of the hypophysis: a modulator of the pars distalis?" Acta Endocrinologica 126, no. 4 (1992): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1260285.

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The pineal hormone melatonin is known to influence circadian systems. Melatonin is also ascribed to mediate photoperiodic effects on the regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis. Other endocrine actions, especially a thyrotropic influence, have been postulated. Site and mechanism of action of melatonin, however, are still matters of speculation. In search of a functional cascade of (i) photoperiodic stimuli, (ii) their hormonal messenger melatonin, and (iii) endocrine targets, the pars tuberalis has gained a key position. The recent discovery and characterization of melatonin rec
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21

Cui, Yuanxu, Ralf Jockers, and Olivier Lahuna. "Heterodimerization and Subcellular Distribution of Melatonin and Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptors." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1029.

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Abstract Membrane receptors belonging to the G proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest family of proteins in the human genome with more than 800 members. Until recently GPCRs functions were thought to occur only at the plasma membrane after activation upon binding of their cognate ligand. However evidences show that many functional GPCRs are found in intracellular compartments opening new direction of research to understand their roles in a cellular context. Among these intracellular compartments mitochondria are the latest organelle in which some GPCRs were identified. Melatonin r
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Roy, Brototi, Rajeev Singh, Sunil Kumar, and Umesh Rai. "Diurnal variation in phagocytic activity of splenic phagocytes in freshwater teleost Channa punctatus: melatonin and its signaling mechanism." Journal of Endocrinology 199, no. 3 (2008): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0270.

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The aim of the present study was to understand the rhythmic changes in innate immune response in freshwater fish Channa punctatus. Furthermore, the putative role of melatonin as the zeitgeber was explored. The phagocytic activity of splenic phagocytes assessed at 6-h intervals showed higher phagocytic activity during light phase than dark phase. The increased phagocytic activity during light phase was diminished by melatonin administration at 09:00 h. Implication of melatonin in control of diurnal variation in phagocytic activity was substantiated by administering irreversible tryptophan hydro
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23

Sobolevskaya, I. S., M. I. Krasnobaeva, and O. D. Myadelets. "Effect of exogenous melatonin and flaxseed oil on the expression state of MT1 receptors in rat skin under light deprivation." Reports of Morphology 27, no. 2 (2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2021-27(2)-05.

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Most of the skin cells have their own autonomous functional circadian system, which is able to control physiological and biochemical processes in the general integument. A special role in these processes is assigned to the “clock” hormone of the pineal gland, melatonin, which acts on target cells through specific receptors (MT1, MT2, MT3 and RORα). Any disturbance of circadian rhythms can lead to rearrangements (disturbances) in the receptor apparatus of the cells of the general cover, which require a certain correction. Consequently, there is a need to search for effective and reliable drugs
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Adachi, Akihito, Arjun K. Natesan, Melissa G. Whitfield-Rucker, Shannon E. Weigum, and Vincent M. Cassone. "Functional melatonin receptors and metabolic coupling in cultured chick astrocytes." Glia 39, no. 3 (2002): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.10109.

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Kobayashi, Hiromi, Arno Kromminga, Thomas W. Dunlop, et al. "A role of melatonin in neuroectodermal‐mesodermal interactions: the hair follicle synthesizes melatonin and expresses functional melatonin receptors." FASEB Journal 19, no. 12 (2005): 1710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2293fje.

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Iuvone, PM, and J. Gan. "Functional interaction of melatonin receptors and D1 dopamine receptors in cultured chick retinal neurons." Journal of Neuroscience 15, no. 3 (1995): 2179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.15-03-02179.1995.

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Rusanova, Iryna, Laura Martínez-Ruiz, Javier Florido, et al. "Protective Effects of Melatonin on the Skin: Future Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (2019): 4948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194948.

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When exposed to hostile environments such as radiation, physical injuries, chemicals, pollution, and microorganisms, the skin requires protective chemical molecules and pathways. Melatonin, a highly conserved ancient molecule, plays a crucial role in the maintenance of skin. As human skin has functional melatonin receptors and also acts as a complete system that is capable of producing and regulating melatonin synthesis, melatonin is a promising candidate for its maintenance and protection. Below, we review the studies of new metabolic pathways involved in the protective functions of melatonin
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Hwang, Ok Jin, Kiyoon Kang, and Kyoungwhan Back. "Effects of Light Quality and Phytochrome Form on Melatonin Biosynthesis in Rice." Biomolecules 10, no. 4 (2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10040523.

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Light is an important factor influencing melatonin synthesis in response to cadmium treatment in rice. However, the effects of light quality on, and the involvement of phytochrome light receptors in, melatonin production have not been explored. In this study, we used light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to investigate the effect of light wavelength on melatonin synthesis, and the role of phytochromes in light-dependent melatonin induction in rice. Upon cadmium treatment, peak melatonin production was observed under combined red and blue (R + B) light, followed by red (R) and blue light (B). However, b
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McMillen, I. C., H. C. Parkington, and I. McCance. "Effect of isoprenaline on the output of melatonin from fetal and newborn lamb pineal glands in vitro." Acta Endocrinologica 121, no. 6 (1989): 773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1210773.

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Abstract. We have measured the output of melatonin in vitro from the pineal glands of lambs in late gestation (135–143 days) and the early newborn period (4–8 days). The basal output of melatonin/mg pineal tissue was significantly lower in the fetal group (16.3 ± 3.9 pg melatonin · (30 min)−1 · mg−1) than in the newborn group (148.1 ± 43.6 pg melatonin · (30 min)−1 · mg−1). Addition of the β-adrenergic agonist, isoprenaline (10−5 mol/l) significantly stimulated melatonin output from both the fetal (to 24.9 ± 3.9 pg melatonin · (30 min)−1 · mg−1) and newborn pineals (to 247.7 ± 67.3 pg melatoni
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Brydon, Lena, Laurence Petit, Philippe Delagrange, A. Donny Strosberg, and Ralf Jockers. "Functional Expression of MT2 (Mel1b) Melatonin Receptors in Human PAZ6 Adipocytes." Endocrinology 142, no. 10 (2001): 4264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.10.8423.

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Kobayashi, H., and R. Paus. "Expression and functional relevance of melatonin receptors in hair follicle biology." Experimental Dermatology 14, no. 2 (2005): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.0266p.x.

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Rivera-Bermúdez, Moisés A., Monica I. Masana, Gregory M. Brown, David J. Earnest, and Margarita L. Dubocovich. "Immortalized cells from the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express functional melatonin receptors." Brain Research 1002, no. 1-2 (2004): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2003.12.008.

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LUNDMARK, PER O., SEITHIKURIPPU R. PANDI-PERUMAL, VENKATARAMANUJAN SRINIVASAN, and DANIEL P. CARDINALI. "Role of melatonin in the eye and ocular dysfunctions." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 6 (2006): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806230189.

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Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule and widely distributed in nature, with functional activity occurring in unicellular organisms, plants, fungi, and animals. Several studies have indicated that melatonin synthesis occurs in the retina of most vertebrates, including mammals. The retinal biosynthesis of melatonin and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of this process have been extensively studied. Circadian clocks located in the photoreceptors and retinal neurons regulate melatonin synthesis in the eye. Photoreceptors, dopaminergic amacrine neurons, and horizontal cells of the retina, cor
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Jin, Rujun, Ying Li, Hui Jin, et al. "Melatonin Type 2 Receptor Activation Regulates Blue Light Exposure-Induced Mouse Corneal Epithelial Damage by Modulating Impaired Autophagy and Apoptosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (2022): 11341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911341.

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The MT1/2 receptors, members of the melatonin receptor, belong to G protein-coupled receptors and mainly regulate circadian rhythms and sleep in the brain. Previous studies have shown that in many other cells and tissues, such as HEK293T cells and the retina, MT1/2 receptors can be involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of blue light (BL) exposure on the expression of melatonin and its receptors in the mouse cornea and to evaluate their functional role in corneal epithelial damage. After exposing 8-
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Skwarło-Sońta, Krystyna. "Functional connections between the pineal gland and immune system." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 56, no. 1 (1996): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-1996-1138.

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Experimental findings which support a functional connection between the pineal gland and immune system in mammals and birds are summarized. Developmental and age-related changes in pineal gland function appear, at least partially, to be related with immune system efficiency. Mechanisms whereby melatonin influences immune system function are complex, but include participation of mediators (endogenous opioids, cytokines, hormones, zinc pool) as well as specific binding sites on the immune cells. Melatonin, as a highly lypophilic compound, may also penetrate immune cells without mediation of spec
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Slominski, Andrzej T., Tae-Kang Kim, Radomir M. Slominski, et al. "Melatonin and Its Metabolites Can Serve as Agonists on the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 20 (2023): 15496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015496.

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Melatonin is widely present in Nature. It has pleiotropic activities, in part mediated by interactions with high-affinity G-protein-coupled melatonin type 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2) receptors or under extreme conditions, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion. In pharmacological concentrations, it is given to counteract the massive damage caused by MT1- and MT2-independent mechanisms. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a perfect candidate for mediating the latter effects because melatonin has structural similarity to its natural ligands, including tryptophan metabolites and indolic compounds. Using a cell-
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Pal, Palash K., Aindrila Chattopadhyay, and Debasish Bandyopadhyay. "Functional interplay of melatonin in the bile duct and gastrointestinal tract to mitigate disease development: An overview." Melatonin Research 4, no. 1 (2021): 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32794/mr11250086.

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Prevalence of bile duct and gastrointestinal (GI) tract associated diseases is increasing globally. Commonly, the bile duct epithelial cell (cholangiocytes) malfunction and its uncontrolled proliferation often cause liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis, particularly the cholangiocarcinoma. Specifically, GI tract is constantly under diverse endogenous and exogenous stressors which interrupt GI physiological functions and promote inflammation, tissue damage, ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel disease (IBD) and gastritis. On the other hand,
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Finocchiaro, L. M. E., D. J. Goldstein, S. Finkielman, and V. E. Nahmod. "Interaction of angiotensin II with the cholinergic and noradrenergic systems in the rat pineal gland: regulation of indole metabolism." Journal of Endocrinology 126, no. 1 (1990): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1260059.

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ABSTRACT The pineal gland, angiotensin, and noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are involved in the regulation of tissue indole metabolism. Angiotensin II increased noradrenaline release and the production of hydroxy-and methoxyindoles by pineal slices. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of pineal slices released angiotensin II and reproduced many of the actions of exogenous angiotensin II on serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis and release. Both sarcosine1-isoleucine8-angiotensin II ([Sar1,Ile8]-ANG II) and atropine blocked, and nadolol increased, the effect of EFS and exogenous angiotensin
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Stankov, Bojidar, Morten Møller, Valeria Lucini, Simona Capsoni, and Franco Fraschini. "A carnivore species (Canis familiaris) expresses circadian melatonin rhythm in the peripheral blood and melatonin receptors in the brain." European Journal of Endocrinology 131, no. 2 (1994): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1310191.

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Stankov B, Møller, M, Lucini V, Capsoni S, Fraschini F. A carnivore species (Canis familiaris) expresses circadian melatonin rhythm in the peripheral blood and melatonin receptors in the brain. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:191–200. ISSN 0804–4643 Dogs kept under controlled photoperiodic conditions of 12 h light and 12 h dark expressed a clear diurnal melatonin rhythm in the peripheral blood, with a swift peak restricted to the late part of the scotophase. The highest density of high-affinity, G-protein-linked 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites was found in the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gla
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40

Unfried, Claudia, Nariman Ansari, Shinobu Yasuo, Horst-Werner Korf та Charlotte von Gall. "Impact of Melatonin and Molecular Clockwork Components on the Expression of Thyrotropin β-Chain (Tshb) and the Tsh Receptor in the Mouse Pars Tuberalis". Endocrinology 150, № 10 (2009): 4653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0609.

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Abstract Photoperiodic regulation of reproduction in birds and mammals involves thyrotropin β-chain (TSHb), which is secreted from the pars tuberalis (PT) and controls the expression of deiodinase type 2 and 3 in the ependymal cell layer of the infundibular recess (EC) via TSH receptors (TSHRs). To analyze the impact of melatonin and the molecular clockwork on the expression of Tshb and Tshr, we investigated melatonin-proficient C3H wild-type (WT), melatonin receptor 1-deficient (MT1-/-) or clockprotein PERIOD1-deficient (mPER1-/-) mice. Expression of Tshb and TSHb immunoreactivity in PT were
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41

Soares, Jose M., Monica I. Masana, Çağatay Erşahin, and Margarita L. Dubocovich. "Functional Melatonin Receptors in Rat Ovaries at Various Stages of the Estrous Cycle." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 306, no. 2 (2003): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.049916.

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42

Gerdin, M. J., M. I. Masana, D. Ren, R. J. Miller, and M. L. Dubocovich. "Short-Term Exposure to Melatonin Differentially Affects the Functional Sensitivity and Trafficking of the hMT1 and hMT2 Melatonin Receptors." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 304, no. 3 (2002): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.102.044990.

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43

Paditz, Ekkehart. "Postnatal Development of the Circadian Rhythmicity of Human Pineal Melatonin Synthesis and Secretion (Systematic Review)." Children 11, no. 10 (2024): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11101197.

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Introduction: According to current knowledge, at birth, the pineal gland and melatonin receptors are already present and the suprachiasmatic nucleus is largely functional, and noradrenaline, the key pineal transmitter, can be detected in the early foetal period. It is still unclear why the pineal gland is not able to start its own pulsatile synthesis and secretion of melatonin in the first months of life, and as a result, infants during this time are dependent on an external supply of melatonin. Method: The causes and consequences of this physiological melatonin deficiency in human infancy are
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Jumnake, A. R., V. R. Patodkar, N. E. Gavali, V. M. Sardar, and P. V. Mehere. "Advances in Melatonin Research – A Review." Chronicle of Aquatic Science 10, no. 01 (2024): 152–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61851/coas.v1i10.14.

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The chemical known as melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is widely dispersed and very versatile in its functional aspects. The processes involving the retina and biological clock that regulate the pineal gland's circadian melatonin production are quickly being discovered, and the mechanisms governing its synthesis within the gland have been thoroughly studied. According to the research, melatonin, both endogenous and exogenous, plays a significant role in promoting physiological and molecular adaptations in domestic animals and wildlife. Seasonally polyestrous animals have been the subje
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Dubocovich, Margarita L., and Magdalena Markowska. "Functional MT1 and MT2 Melatonin Receptors in Mammals." Endocrine 27, no. 2 (2005): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/endo:27:2:101.

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46

Жукова, О. В., И. А. Виноградова, and А. И. Горанский. "EFFECT OF PHARMACOLOGICAL STIMULATION OF MELATONIN RECEPTORS ON RENAL FUNCTION IN AGING." Успехи геронтологии, no. 1 (May 12, 2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34922/ae.2023.36.1.009.

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Цель исследования — изучение ионного обмена, а также водо- и азотовыделительной функции почек у крыс под влиянием фармакологической стимуляции мелатониновых рецепторов. Эксперимент был проведен на крысах-самцах, которые были разделены на две группы: 1-я — контрольная (n=35), содержалась в стандартных условиях вивария; 2-я — на протяжении всей жизни получала мелатонин вместе с питьевой водой (n=35). Исследование проведено с соблюдением международных принципов Хельсинкской декларации о гуманном отношении к животным. По анализу крови и мочи определяли потребление воды, объем диуреза, содержание к
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D’Este, Giorgia, Federico Fabris, Marco Stazi, et al. "Agonists of melatonin receptors strongly promote the functional recovery from the neuroparalysis induced by neurotoxic snakes." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 1 (2024): e0011825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011825.

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Snake envenoming is a major, but neglected, tropical disease. Among venomous snakes, those inducing neurotoxicity such as kraits (Bungarus genus) cause a potentially lethal peripheral neuroparalysis with respiratory deficit in a large number of people each year. In order to prevent the development of a deadly respiratory paralysis, hospitalization with pulmonary ventilation and use of antivenoms are the primary therapies currently employed. However, hospitals are frequently out of reach for envenomated patients and there is a general consensus that additional, non-expensive treatments, deliver
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Steardo, L., P. Monteleone, M. Persichella, M. Mazzoccoli та V. Cuomo. "σ Receptors on rat pineal gland: evidence for a functional role in modulating melatonin generation". Pharmacological Research 31 (січень 1995): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1043-6618(95)86387-7.

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Osborne, Neville N., and Glyn Chidlow. "The Presence of Functional Melatonin Receptors in the Iris-Ciliary Processes of the Rabbit Eye." Experimental Eye Research 59, no. 1 (1994): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/exer.1994.1076.

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50

Obłap, Ruslan, and Bożenna Olszańska. "Expression of melatonin receptor transcripts (mel-1a, mel-1b and mel-1c) in Japanese quail oocytes and eggs." Zygote 9, no. 3 (2001): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199401001253.

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Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for avian melatonin (MEL) receptors have made it possible to investigate the expression of these receptors in different animal tissues and organs by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our study demonstrates for the first time, the presence of MEL receptor transcripts in maternal RNA from Japanese quail oocytes and in RNA from the early embryos of the laid eggs. Specific primers permitted discrimination between mel-1a, mel-1b and mel-1c receptor sequences, and special techniques used to obtain the biological material made it possible to avoid acc
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