Journal articles: 'Functional morphology and anatomy'

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MARANGOLO, P., F. PIRAS, G. GALATI, and C. BURANI. "Functional Anatomy of Derivational Morphology." Cortex 42, no. 8 (2006): 1093–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70221-1.

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Shapiro, Liza. "Functional morphology of indrid lumbar vertebrae." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 98, no. 3 (November 1995): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330980306.

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Krokhmal, I. I. "Functional anatomy and morphology of leaf Campanula sibirica L." Ecology and Noospherology 26, no. 1-2 (July 6, 2015): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031506.

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Scarabino, T., and U. Salvolini. "Atlas of morphology anf functional anatomy of the brain." Journal of Neuroradiology 33, no. 2 (April 2006): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0150-9861(06)77242-x.

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Ruff, Christopher B. "Functional morphology in the pages of theAJPA." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 165, no. 4 (March 25, 2018): 688–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23402.

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Keil, Thomas A. "Functional morphology of insect mechanoreceptors." Microscopy Research and Technique 39, no. 6 (December 15, 1997): 506–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19971215)39:6<506::aid-jemt5>3.0.co;2-b.

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Nalley, Thierra K., and Neysa Grider-Potter. "Functional morphology of the primate head and neck." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 156, no. 4 (March 6, 2015): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22729.

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Trotter, J. A. "Functional Morphology of Force Transmission in Skeletal Muscle." Cells Tissues Organs 146, no. 4 (1993): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147459.

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Hijikata, T., and H. Ishikawa. "Functional Morphology of Serially Linked Skeletal Muscle Fibers." Cells Tissues Organs 159, no. 2-3 (1997): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147972.

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Schmid, Rudolf. "FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF SEPTAL NECTARIES." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 34, no. 1 (February 1985): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1985.tb01862.x.

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Putz, Reinhard, and Alexander Kroyer. "Functional morphology of the pterygoid hamulus." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 181, no. 1 (January 1999): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0940-9602(99)80099-5.

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Cetin, Fuat, Emin Gürleyik, and Sami Dogan. "Morphology and Functional Anatomy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve with Extralaryngeal Terminal Bifurcation." Anatomy Research International 2016 (July 14, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9503170.

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Anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), such as an extralaryngeal terminal bifurcation (ETB), threaten the safety of thyroid surgery. Besides the morphology of the nerve branches, intraoperative evaluation of their functional anatomy may be useful to preserve motor activity. We exposed 67 RLNs in 36 patients. The main trunk, bifurcation point, and terminal branches of bifid nerves were macroscopically determined and exposed during thyroid surgery. The functional anatomy of the nerve branches was evaluated by intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM). Forty-six RLNs with an ETB were intraoperatively exposed. The bifurcation point was located along the prearterial, arterial, and postarterial segments in 11%, 39%, and 50% of bifid RLNs, respectively. Motor activity was determined in all anterior branches. The functional anatomy of terminal branches detected motor activity in 4 (8.7%) posterior branches of 46 bifid RLNs. The motor activity in posterior branches created a wave amplitude at 25–69% of that in the corresponding anterior branches. The functional anatomy of bifid RLNs demonstrated that anterior branches always contained motor fibres while posterior branches seldom contained motor fibres. The motor activity of the posterior branch was weaker than that of the anterior branch. IONM may help to differentiate between motor and sensory functions of nerve branches. The morphology and functional anatomy of all nerve branches must be preserved to ensure a safer surgery.

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Richmond, Brian G., Barth W. Wright, Ian Grosse, Paul C. Dechow, Callum F. Ross, Mark A. Spencer, and David S. Strait. "Finite element analysis in functional morphology." Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology 283A, no. 2 (April 2005): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.20169.

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Jordaan, A., D. C. J. Wessels, and H. Kruger. "Morphology, ontogeny and functional anatomy of the seeds of Colophospermum mopane." South African Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (July 2001): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)31122-4.

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Vinyard, Christopher J., Christine E. Wall, Susan H. Williams, and William L. Hylander. "Comparative functional analysis of skull morphology of tree-gouging primates." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 120, no. 2 (January 22, 2003): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10129.

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Spencer, Mark. "Dental functional morphology: How teeth work." American Journal of Human Biology 17, no. 3 (2005): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20115.

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McKee, Jeffrey K. "Australopithecine anterior pillars: Reassessment of the functional morphology and phylogenetic relevance." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 80, no. 1 (September 1989): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330800102.

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Gould, K. "Leaf Heteroblasty in Pseudopanax crassifolius: Functional Significance of Leaf Morphology and Anatomy." Annals of Botany 71, no. 1 (January 1993): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1007.

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Palmer, B. D., and L. J. Guillette. "Histology and functional morphology of the female reproductive tract of the tortoiseGopherus polyphemus." American Journal of Anatomy 183, no. 3 (November 1988): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001830303.

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Tilney, P. M., and A. E. Van Wyk. "Extrafloral nectaries in Combretaceae: morphology, anatomy and taxonomic significance." Bothalia 34, no. 2 (September 3, 2004): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v34i2.426.

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Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in members of the Combretaceae are nectaries not involved with pollination and occurring on vegetative structures; they are believed to attract ants to protect plants against herbivorv by other insects. In the Combretaceae EFNs are reported in species of Terminalia L. and Pteleopsis Engl., putative EFNs in Meiostemon Exell Stace and Quisqualis L., and an absence of EFNs in Combretum Loefl. and Lumnitzera Willd. EFNs in the family are generally spherical in shape and may be raised, level with the surface or somewhat concave. They are similar in the Terminalia and Pteleopsis species where they display varying degrees of internal zonation and are composed of small cells; those species observed in the field were all found to have functional EFNs. In Meiostemon tetrandrum (Exell) Exell Stace, Quisqualis indica L.. Q. littorea (Engl.) Exell and Q. paviflora Gerrard ex Sond.. apparent EFNs lack internal zonation and are composed of enlarged cells; confirmation is required as to whether these are functional . The formation of EFNs appears to be highly flexible. They are usually essentially associated with new growth but their occurrence is sporadic and they do not appear on every leaf or every' branch of a plant. The distribution of EFNs on leaves, when present, is of taxonomic significance to separate species of Pteleopsis and Terminalia: otherwise the presence or absence and distribution of EFNs are too variable and sporadic in occurrence to be of taxonomic significance at the species level. Indiscriminate use of the terms gland and domatium instead of EFN. and possible confusion with damage caused by other organisms, has probably contributed to many of these structures not previously being recorded as EFNs. Floral and extrafloral nectar samples of T. phanerophlebia Engl. Diels differed in sugar composition.

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Hamrick, Mark W. "Functional morphology of the lemuriform wrist joints and the relationship between wrist morphology and positional behavior in arboreal primates." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 99, no. 2 (February 1996): 319–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199602)99:2<319::aid-ajpa8>3.0.co;2-t.

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Hartstone-Rose, Adam, and Sharlene E. Santana. "Behavioral Correlates of Cranial Muscle Functional Morphology." Anatomical Record 301, no. 2 (January 13, 2018): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23757.

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Ravosa, Matthew J. "Functional assessment of subfamily variation in maxillomandibular morphology among old World monkeys." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 82, no. 2 (June 1990): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330820209.

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Kimbel, William H., and Yoel Rak. "Functional morphology of the asterionic region in extant hominoids and fossil hominids." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 66, no. 1 (January 1985): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330660104.

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González-José, Rolando, Fernando Ramírez-Rozzi, Marina Sardi, Neus Martínez-Abadías, Miquel Hernández, and Hector M. Pucciarelli. "Functional-cranial approach to the influence of economic strategy on skull morphology." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 128, no. 4 (2005): 757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20161.

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Maggio, Albino, Paul M. Hasegawa, Ray A. Bressan, M. Federica Consiglio, and Robert J. Joly. "Review: Unravelling the functional relationship between root anatomy and stress tolerance." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 10 (2001): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01099.

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Salinity is a major environmental constraint limiting the yield of crop plants in many semi-arid and arid regions. A recently developed biophysical model for plant growth in saline environments confirms a critical role for root morphology and hydraulic properties in salinity and soil water deficit tolerance. The identification of genes based on correlations between exposure to salt stress and gene expression in roots and other organs has to date proved to be only marginally successful as a strategy for improving plant salt tolerance. Recently, the identification of genes that function in stress tolerance has advanced considerably by using genetic mutation analysis. However, the power of a genetic approach to understanding the specific mechanisms of root adaptation to saline and osmotic stress environments has not been fully exploited. A review of the available, yet still incomplete, collection of root mutants in Arabidopsis and other species demonstrates the potential usefulness of such mutants as tools in the genetic dissection of root function under osmotic stress. Identification of genes responsible for changes in root morphology that might also be advantageous in the presence of salt stress may open new avenues towards the elucidation of critical mechanisms for plant salt tolerance.

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Hickman, Carole S. "Gastropod Morphology and Function." Notes for a Short Course: Studies in Geology 13 (1985): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0271164800001147.

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The Class Gastropoda is one of the most morphologically and functionally diverse groups of living organisms. The diversity is even greater when major morphological (and implied functional) departures are added in from the more than 500 million years of fossil record of the group. There are a number of good basic illustrated accounts of the comparative morphology of the shell, external and internal anatomy, and radula (see especially Cox, 1960; Fretter and Graham, 1962; Hyman, 1967). There are no corresponding accounts of function. Accounts of gastropod ecology, behavior, and life habits are traditionally treated separately and outside of the morphological framework. As a result, the terminology and classification systems developed to describe gastropod form are separate from those dealing with gastropod function.

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Dodson, Peter, and Jeffrey T. Laitman. "Unearthing the Anatomy of Dinosaurs: New Insights Into Their Functional Morphology and Paleobiology." Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 292, no. 9 (September 2009): spc1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21027.

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Masquelet, A. C., J. Salama, G. Outrequin, M. Serrault, and J. P. Chevrel. "Morphology and functional anatomy of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the hand." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 8, no. 1 (March 1986): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02539704.

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Khawaja, Naveen, Suneel Kumar Punjabi, and Munir Ahmed Banglani. "ROOT CANAL MORPHOLOGY;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 04 (April 6, 2017): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1451.

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Morphological features of mandibular 3rd molar are always unpredictable, andshow a discrepancy by way of different individual. Nevertheless, restorative, prosthetic andorthodontic concerns of these mandibular third molars require root canal treatment in turn topreserve functional elements in the jaw. The variation in the root canal anatomy presents clinicalchallenges and difficulties for clinician to undertake endodontic therapy. Therefore it’s veryessential for practitioners must have adequate knowledge of the internal morphology of rootcanal system, use all techniques, equipments is mandatory to treat the entire root canal system.Study Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Department: Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry,Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Period: February 2014 to March2016. Methodology: Overall 200 patients of mandibular 3rd molar (fully erupted in the jaw)were enrolled with indicative irreversible pulpitis, Were endodontically treated by conventionalmethod using stainless steel hand files, contra-angle small head hand peace by postgraduatetrainee. After opening of access cavity, every canal was positioned radiographically by the handfiles placed within the canals. Results: Among 200 patients of mandibular third molars wereevaluated by conventionally endodontic treatment, Out of 200 patients were found to havea practical errors in the 65 cases and rest of the 135 cases were treated without any errors.Number of canal configuration has found in lower 3rd molar teeth, one canal contained in4(2.0%) teeth, two canals in 33(16.5%) teeth, three canals in 160(80%) teeth and four in 3(1.5%)teeth. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars showed huge anatomic irregularity. Numberof canals has provided by this study to the practitioner with an understanding of the clinicalrecommended for lowers third molars.

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Funk, R. "Studies on the Functional Morphology of Rat Ocular Vessels with Scanning Electron Microscopy." Cells Tissues Organs 125, no. 4 (1986): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146172.

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Rodler, Daniela, and Fred Sinowatz. "Functional Morphology of Thecal Glands in the Ovary of Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica)." Cells Tissues Organs 205, no. 1 (2018): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486544.

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The role of thecal glands in the ovary of birds remains controversial. Using transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, immunohistochemical localisation of cyclooxygenase I and II (COX-1 and COX-2), oestrogen receptor α and β (ER-α and ER-β), androgen receptor (AR) and progesterone receptor (PR), a detailed analysis of the thecal glands was performed. Our ultrastructural studies revealed that the thecal glands of the quail ovary consist of 2 cell types, steroid-producing cells (SPCs) and enclosing cells (ENCs). The SPCs are large, light cells containing a varying number of lipid droplets. Their cytoplasm is characterised by a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The ENCs are always located at the periphery of the gland. Some ENCs contain an abundant number of microfilaments, but lipid droplets and dense bodies were rare. Within 1 gland, SPCs with distinct COX-2 immunostaining were interspersed between usually larger numbers of moderately COX-2-positive cells. A completely different staining pattern was observed for COX-1, where the cytoplasm of the ENCs was distinctly immunopositive. The SPCs stained only weakly with antibodies to COX-1. The thecal glands showed distinct reactions for ER-β but only a weak to negative one for ER-α, PR, and AR. Our immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data support our hypothesis that the thecal glands of the quail are involved in steroid hormone and prostaglandin synthesis. The prostaglandins secreted by the thecal glands probably contribute to the ovulation of the follicle first in the hierarchy.

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Vo?�?ek, Josef. "Functional morphology of the secretory pathway organelles in yeast." Microscopy Research and Technique 51, no. 6 (2000): 530–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0029(20001215)51:6<530::aid-jemt4>3.0.co;2-q.

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Orsbon, Courtney P., Nicholas J. Gidmark, and Callum F. Ross. "Dynamic Musculoskeletal Functional Morphology: Integrating diceCT and XROMM." Anatomical Record 301, no. 2 (January 13, 2018): 378–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23714.

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Van Bocxlaer, Bert, and Ellen E. Strong. "Anatomy, functional morphology, evolutionary ecology and systematics of the invasive gastropod Cipangopaludina japonica (Viviparidae: Bellamyinae)." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08502005.

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The anatomy, functional morphology and evolutionary ecology of the Viviparidae, and the subfamily Bellamyinae in particular, are incompletely known. Partly as a result, genealogical relationships within the family remain poorly understood. Because of this lack in knowledge, few informed hypotheses exist on ancestral states, how differences in body plans between the subfamilies evolved, and how the peculiar biogeographic distribution patterns of viviparids have arisen. Here we document the anatomy, morphology, life history and systematics of Cipangopaludina japonica, a Japanese species that has been introduced into North America, to resolve taxonomic confusion and to improve our understanding of how form and function are related in bellamyines. Anatomical and histological examinations demonstrate marked differences between C. japonicaand other bellamyines in the radula, salivary gland, kidney, nerve ring and reproductive organs. Substantial differences also exist between male and female body organization, but conchological differences between sexes in semi-landmark morphometric analyses are limited. The volume of the brood pouch of females, and hence body and shell size, appear to be good predictors of reproductive success, and the species’ ecological versatility may relate to high fecundity and the ability to alternate between feeding modes. Comparing our observations on C. japonicawith other viviparids and basal Architaenioglossa, we identify several persistent misinterpretations in the literature on how form and function are related in viviparids, not in the least as to female reproductive anatomy. Our reinterpretations improve understanding of the evolution of Viviparidae and its subfamilies, and hopefully will allow future workers to isolate key traits that shaped the evolution of viviparids at the taxonomic levels of their interest for more detailed studies.

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Allen, J. A. "On the functional morphology of Pinna and Atrina larvae (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) from the Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 4 (November 2, 2010): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410001694.

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A detailed account is given for the first time of the biological morphology of pinnid larvae taken from the north-west Atlantic. Three species were present in plankton samples taken from depths of 150–200 m. These were maintained in small aquaria and details of their anatomy, development and metamorphosis recorded and illustrated as far as the young adult stage.

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Daegling, David J., and W. Scott McGraw. "Functional morphology of the mangabey mandibular corpus: Relationship to dental specializations and feeding behavior." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134, no. 1 (September 2007): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20621.

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Zavodszky, Anna M., and Gabrielle A. Russo. "Comparative and functional morphology of chevron bones among mammals." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa010.

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Abstract Tail morphology and function vary considerably across mammals. While studies of the mammalian tail have paid increasing attention to the caudal vertebrae, the chevron bones, ventrally positioned elements that articulate with the caudal vertebrae of most species and that serve to protect blood vessels and provide attachment sites for tail flexor musculature, have largely been ignored. Here, morphological variation in chevron bones is documented systematically among mammals possessing different tail locomotor functions, including prehensility, terrestrial propulsion (use for pentapedal locomotion), and postural prop, during which chevron bones are presumably under different mechanical stresses or serve different mechanical roles. Several chevron bone morphotypes were identified along the tail, varying both within and between tail regions. While some morphotypes were present across many or all clades surveyed, other morphotypes were clade-specific. Chevron bone dorsoventral height was examined at key vertebral levels among closely related species with different tail locomotor functions to assess whether variation followed any functional patterns. Dorsoventral height of chevron bones differed between prehensile- and nonprehensile-tailed, prop-tailed and nonprop-tailed, and pentapedal and nonpentapedal mammals. However, small sample sizes precluded rigorous statistical analyses. Distinctions were also qualified among species (not grouped by tail locomotor function), and the utility of metrics for quantifying specific aspects of chevron bone anatomy is discussed. This study offers information about the functional morphology of mammalian tails and has implications for reconstructing tail function in the fossil record.

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Avelar, WEP, and AD Cunha. "The anatomy and functional morphology of Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus (Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca Bivalvia, Hyriidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 4 (November 2009): 1153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000500021.

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Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus (Orbigny, 1835), belongs to the family Hyriidae Swainson 1840, the distribution of which is restricted to South America and Australasia. This species, endemic to Brazil, occurs in the central-southern geographical region, Upper Paraná Basin and Atlantic Microbasins Espirito Santo to Paraná states. The mollusk lives buried in muddy substrata, has similar sized adductor muscles, and is dioecious, lacking sexual dimorphism. The apertures are simple (type AII of Yonge, 1948, 1957) as in Diplodon rotundus gratus, Castalia undosa martensi, Castalia undosa undosa and mantle fusion is present only in the base of the exalant aperture. The inhalant aperture exhibits tentacles originating from the inner fold while the exhalant aperture has no tentacles. The ctenidia are type D (of Atkins, 1937). A well-developed marsupium is present in the inner demibranch. The association between the ctenidia and the labial palps belongs to category I (of Stasek, 1963). The stomach constitutes a type IV structure (of Purchon, 1958). The posterior sorting area (psa) presents two pouches in Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus. Among the Hyriidae, the presence of these pouches has also been described in several species of Hyriidae from South America. The organization of the gut in the visceral mass follows the same pattern seen in the Hyriidae already studied: Castalia undosa martensi, Castalia undosa undosa, Diplodon.rotundus gratus,Diplodon charruanus and Diplodon pilsbryi.

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Anzai, Wataru, Ayano Omura, Antonio Cadiz Diaz, Masakado Kawata, and Hideki Endo. "Functional Morphology and Comparative Anatomy of Appendicular Musculature in CubanAnolisLizards with Different Locomotor Habits." Zoological Science 31, no. 7 (July 2014): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zs130062.

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Al-Khalifah, N. S., P. R. Khan, A. M. Al-Abdulkader, and T. Nasroun. "Impact of Water Stress on the Sapwood Anatomy And Functional Morphology of Calligonum Comosum." IAWA Journal 27, no. 3 (2006): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000156.

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This investigation reports the impact of water stress on some anatomical traits of sapwood and other functional morphological features of green assimilatory shoots of Calligonum comosum L'Hér. (Erta), a good source of fuel wood. The major findings of the study are that in this species drought makes for: a) narrower vessels both in earlywood and latewood, b) thicker vessel walls, c) longer vessel elements and fibers, d) a higher frequency of small latewood vessels and a lower frequency of large earlywood vessels, e) narrower growth rings, f) a lower total fraction of vessels per xylem area, g) higher wood density, h) narrower depth of conducting phloem, i) higher specific mass of green photosynthetic shoots, and j) a lower chlorophyll content. Extremely narrow vessels arranged in radial files in latewood were recognized having 40% increased volume fraction in nonirrigated plants. This adaptation is believed to play an important role in the species survival during hot summer months.

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TAKIGAWA, N., J. RYU, V. L. KISH, M. KINOSHITA, and M. ABE. "Functional Anatomy of the Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex of the Elbow: Morphology and Strain." Journal of Hand Surgery 30, no. 2 (April 2005): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.09.016.

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The anatomy of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) of the elbow was investigated in 26 fresh frozen cadavers. Two types of insertion of the LUCL were originally described but we found another type which is characterized by a broad single expansion along with a thin membranous fibre. Strain on the LUCL was measured in situ during extension and flexion with the forearm in supination, pronation and neutral. Strain in the proximal fibres started to occur at around 32° flexion and peaked at between 50° and 60° flexion. Strains measured in the distal fibres were smaller in magnitude. Forearm rotation had little effect on strain during extension to flexion. Based on these results, we conclude that the LUCL functions in unison with the annular ligament.

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Sinha, M. "Functional morphology, anatomy and histology of the digestive organs of the catfishPlotosus canius Hamilton." Proceedings: Animal Sciences 95, no. 1 (February 1986): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03179355.

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Widdicombe, John. "Functional morphology and physiology of pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors (RARs)." Anatomical Record 270A, no. 1 (December 19, 2002): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.10003.

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Schelegle, Edward S. "Functional morphology and physiology of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors." Anatomical Record 270A, no. 1 (December 19, 2002): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.10004.

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Lee, Lu-Yuan, You Shuei Lin, Qihai Gu, Eleanor Chung, and Chin-Yin Ho. "Functional morphology and physiological properties of bronchopulmonary C-fiber afferents." Anatomical Record 270A, no. 1 (December 19, 2002): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.10005.

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Seilacher, Adolf. "Bivalve Morphology and Function." Notes for a Short Course: Studies in Geology 13 (1985): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0271164800001111.

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This part of our course builds on the assumption that evolutionary change, although being stochastic in principle, is channeled by external and internal constraints to such a degree that it becomes quasi-predictable – or at least understandable. On this basis it makes sense to use the old methods of comparative morphology in the new framework of constructional morphology (Seilacher, 1970) in order to recognize patterns and to interpret them as trends and evolutionary pathways. For such an approach, bivalves are particularly suited:1. they deviate little from a common design (for instance they never lost their shell).2. their preservable hard parts adequately reflect the developmental biography of each individual.3. their shell form expresses the compromise between developmental constraints and functional paradigm with little interference from soft part anatomy, physiology and biotic interactions.4. they are diversified enough to provide many examples of parallel adaptations for model testing, particularly if we include the fossil record.

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Nakatsukasa, M., M. Takai, and T. Setoguchi. "Functional morphology of the postcranium and locomotor behavior ofNeosaimiri fieldsi, aSaimiri-like Middle Miocene platyrrhine." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 102, no. 4 (April 1997): 515–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199704)102:4<515::aid-ajpa7>3.0.co;2-q.

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Goodenberger, Katherine E., Doug M. Boyer, Caley M. Orr, Rachel L. Jacobs, John C. Femiani, and Biren A. Patel. "Functional morphology of the hallucal metatarsal with implications for inferring grasping ability in extinct primates." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 156, no. 3 (November 5, 2014): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22652.

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Calen, S., X. Pommereau, AM Gbikpi-Benissan, and J. Videau. "Morphologic and functional anatomy of the subclavian veins." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 8, no. 2 (June 1986): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02421379.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Functional morphology and anatomy'

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