Relevant bibliographies by topics / Functional references

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Functional references'

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Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Functional references"

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Kagawa, Koji. "Compositional references for stateful functional programming." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 32, no. 8 (1997): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258949.258969.

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Kokoszka, Piotr. "Dependent Functional Data." ISRN Probability and Statistics 2012 (October 16, 2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/958254.

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This paper reviews recent research on dependent functional data. After providing an introduction to functional data analysis, we focus on two types of dependent functional data structures: time series of curves and spatially distributed curves. We review statistical models, inferential methodology, and possible extensions. The paper is intended to provide a concise introduction to the subject with plentiful references.
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Lienemann, A., D. Sprenger, U. Janßen, C. Anthuber, and M. Reiser. "Functional MRI of the pelvic floor. Method and references values." Der Gynäkologe 34, no. 1 (2001): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001290050673.

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Börjars, Kersti. "Lexical-Functional Grammar: An Overview." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-062419-125014.

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Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) is a model for the analysis of language in which different types of linguistic information are represented in separate dimensions, each with its own formalism. These dimensions are linked by mapping principles. In this article, I describe the architecture of the model and illustrate some dimensions of information and the mapping between them in more detail. I also provide an outline of the analysis of long-distance dependencies and control to illustrate the advantages of this type of model. I briefly mention some further areas where LFG has proven to be a useful tool for analysis and provide references for the reader to follow up.
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Wang, Feng, Tang, and Li. "Genome-Wide Investigation and Functional Analysis of Sus scrofa RNA Editing Sites across Eleven Tissues." Genes 10, no. 7 (2019): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10070520.

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Sengupta, P., and B. B. Chaudhuri. "A "Generalized" Lexical Functional Grammar-Based Processing of an Indian Language — Bangla." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 12, no. 05 (1998): 695–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001498000403.

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An efficient LFG parser implementation of Indian languages in general and Bangla in particular has been discussed. It has been shown that the classical technique of nonconfigurational syntactic encoding principles lead to too many disjunctive constraints to be satisfied by the parser. Noting that most of the disjunctions do not exist if an a priori knowledge of the verb is available, a "delayed" syntactic encoding formalism has been proposed. The points of syntactic encoding of noun phrases have been treated a "forward references" that are to be temporarily maintained in a "symbol table" for later precipitation. The proposed solution has two parts. The first part deals with identification of forward reference points, which is done by introducing a new metavariable and augmenting the scope of the Locate operator. The second part deals with precipitation of forward references through special schemata called m-structure schemata projected by the verb. An extension of the solution to one type of Bangla complex sentences has also been proposed (in the Appendix). Implementation notes based on object-oriented programming principles have been provided.
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Byszewski, Ludwik, and Haydar Akca. "On a mild solution of a semilinear functional-differential evolution nonlocal problem." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 10, no. 3 (1997): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953397000336.

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The existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of a mild solution of a nonlocal Cauchy problem for a semilinear functional-differential evolution equation in a general Banach space are studied. Methods of a C0 semigroup of operators and the Banach contraction theorem are applied. The result obtained herein is a generalization and continuation of those reported in references [2-8].
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Keizer, Evelien. "Idiomatic expressions and anaphoric reference in functional discourse grammar." Quaderns de Filologia - Estudis Lingüístics 23, no. 23 (2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/qf.23.13527.

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This paper deals with a special type of anaphoric relation that consists in a reference through/to a part of a fixed idiomatic experience. It is proved that, contrary to what is generally assumed, such references are not necessarily grammatically or stylistically marked. Instead, they are part of several productive usage patterns. With corpus data and a discursive-functional grammatical approach, I provide a theoretically-substantiated analysis of each of these patterns. This analysis shows their production and interpretation processes, accounts for their systematicity and productivity, and puts forth an explanatory proposal of the cognitive effort and communicative advantages of their use.
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Tani, Junji, Toshiyuki Takagi, and Jinhao Qiu. "Intelligent Material Systems: Application of Functional Materials." Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, no. 8 (1998): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3099019.

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This article presents a review of recent important developments in the field of intelligent material systems. Intelligent material systems, sometimes referred to as smart materials, can adjust their behavior to changes of external or internal parameters analogously to biological systems. In these systems, sensors, actuators and controllers are seamlessly integrated with structural materials at the macroscopic or mesoscopic level. In general, sensors and actuators are made of functional materials and fluids such as piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, shape memory alloys, polymer hydrogels, electro- and magneto-rheological fluids and so on. This article is specifically focused on the application of piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials and shape memory alloys to intelligent material systems used to control the deformation, vibration and fracture of composite materials and structures. This review article contains 188 references.
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Labuda, Iwo. "Disjointly Additive Operators and Modular Spaces." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 42, no. 3 (1990): 508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1990-026-5.

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By now the literature concerning the representation of disjointly additive functionals and operators is quite extensive. A few entries on the subject are [6, 7, 8, 11, 20, 21]. In [7, 8, 17] further references can be found, in [7] the “prehistory” of the subject is also discussed.To quote a typical result, we may take a 1967 theorem of Drewnowski and Orlicz ([6] Th. 3.2, [17] 12.4) which asserts that, under proper assumptions, an abstract modular (= disjointly countably additive functional) p on a “substantial“ subspace D of L° can be realized by the formula .
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Functional references"

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Kamal, Khaledi Maryam KAMAL. "Processing of temporal and pronominal references in English-speaking individuals with aphasia." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502930894129367.

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Lam, Kin Man. "Culture-specific reference and functional priority : function shifts through speech translation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2178683.

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Rytych, Maxim. "Možnosti deklarativního programování v jazyku Java 8." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202113.

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This paper concerns itself with possibilities of declarative programming in the new version of Java 8 language, specifically using elements adopted from the domain of functional programming languages: function as a value and lazy streams of data. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate possibilities of declarative programming using these elements, analyze its implementation and design own extensions. The contribution lies particularly in showing possibilities of the new elements, implementation analysis and design of a new functionality. The output can be used by a Czech reader, who is at least slightly advanced in the field of information technologies. The paper is divided into a theoretical and practical parts. Theoretical part is covered by chapters 3-8. Theoretical part describes motivation for introduction of the new elements, describes functional programming and its basic principles, then it shows basic principles of the newly introducted elements and ends with the description of the java.util.stream package. Pactical part is covered by chapters 9 and 10. Practical part concerns with stream oper-ations and extension design of existing functionality.
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Jeffrey, Chris C. "Applications of Single Reference Methods to Multi-Reference Problems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801919/.

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Density functional theory is an efficient and useful method of solving single-reference computational chemistry problems, however it struggles with multi-reference systems. Modifications have been developed in order to improve the capabilities of density functional theory. In this work, density functional theory has been successfully applied to solve multi-reference systems with large amounts of non-dynamical correlation by use of modifications. It has also been successfully applied for geometry optimizations for lanthanide trifluorides.
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Wåhlin, Pernilla. "Theoretical Actinide Chemistry – Methods and Models." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54848.

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The chemistry of actinides in aqueous solution is important, and it is essential to build adequate conceptual models and develop methods applicable for actinide systems. The complex electronic structure makes benchmarking necessary. In the thesis a prototype reaction of the water exchange reaction for uranyl(VI), for both ground and luminescent states, described with a six-water model, was used to study the applicability of density functional methods on actinides and different solvation models. An excellent agreement between the wave function methods CCSD(T) and MP2 was obtained in the ground state, implying that near-minimal CASPT2 can be used with confidence for the reaction in the luminescent state of uranyl(VI), while density functionals are not suited to describe energetics for this type of reaction. There was an ambiguity concerning the position of the waters in the second hydration sphere. This issue was resolved by investigating a larger model, and prop- erly used the six-water model was found to adequately describe the water exchange reaction. The effect of solvation was investigated by comparing the results from conductor-like polarizable continuum models using two cavity models. Scattered numbers made it difficult to determine which solvation model to use. The final conclusion was that the water exchange reaction in the luminescent state of uranyl(VI) should be addressed with near-minimal CASPT2 and a solvation model without explicit cavities for hydrogens. Finally it was shown that no new chemistry appears in the luminescent state for this reaction. The thesis includes a methodological investigation of a multi-reference density functional method based on a range separation of the two-electron interaction. The method depends on a universal parameter, which has been determined for lighter elements. It is shown here that the same parameter could be used for actinides, a prerequisite for further development of the method. The results are in that sense promising.
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Wang, Jiaqi. "The Impact of Computational Methods on Transition Metal-containing Species." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822795/.

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Quantum chemistry methodologies can be used to address a wide variety of chemical problems. Key to the success of quantum chemistry methodologies, however, is the selection of suitable methodologies for specific problems of interest, which often requires significant assessment. To gauge a number of methodologies, the utility of density functionals (BLYP, B97D, TPSS, M06L, PBE0, B3LYP, M06, and TPSSh) in predicting reaction energetics was examined for model studies of C-O bond activation of methoxyethane and methanol. These species provide excellent representative examples of lignin degradation via C-O bond cleavage. PBE0, which performed better than other considered DFT functionals, was used to investigate late 3d (Fe, Co, and Ni), 4d (Ru, Rh, and Pd), and 5d (Re, Os, and Ir) transition metal atom mediated Cβ -O bond activation of the β–O–4 linkage of lignin. Additionally, the impact of the choice of DFT functionals, basis sets, implicit solvation models, and layered quantum chemical methods (i.e., ONIOM, Our Own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics) was investigated for the prediction of pKa for a set of Ni-group metal hydrides (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt) in acetonitrile. These investigations have provided insight about the utility of a number of theoretical methods in the computation of thermodynamic properties of transition metal hydrides in solution. As single reference wavefunction methods commonly perform poorly in describing molecular systems that involve bond-breaking and forming or electronic near-degeneracies and are typically best described with computationally costly multireference wavefunction-based methods, it is imperative to a priori analyze the multireference character for molecular systems so that the proper methodology choice is applied. In this work, diagnostic criteria for assessing the multireference character of 4d transition metal-containing molecules was investigated. Four diagnostics were considered in this work, including the weight of the leading configuration of the CASSCF wavefunction, C02; T1, the Frobenius norm of the coupled cluster amplitude vector related to single excitations and D1, the matrix norm of the coupled cluster amplitude vector arising from coupled cluster calculations; and the percent total atomization energy, %TAE. This work demonstrated the need to have different diagnostic criteria for 4d molecules than for main group molecules.
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Gharai, Fariba. "Generic principles of neighbourhood design, with particular reference to Tehran." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14786/.

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The main aim of this research is to develop a list of principles relevant to the design of neighbourhoods and in particular neighbourhood centres in Tehran. The study embodies two main phases, a literature review and a survey. During the literature review various dimensions of a neighbourhood centre are explored among both 'prescriptive' and 'explanatory' theories in architecture and urban design. Attempts are made to extract the essence and concepts of individual projects among the prescriptive resources, while the investigations of explanatory resources are focused on finding concepts and ideas which are applicable to design. The characteristics of neighbourhood centres are then classified into three categories called functional, perceptual and operational. These categories embody different sections which are separately studied among the literature and design principles are derived out of the writings and presented at the end of each section. Finally, a provisional list of principles is developed as the result of the literature review. The survey is designed to examine the above principles in the real world in two contrasting neighbourhood centres in Tehran. Face-to-face interviews with the residents of the neighbourhoods, together with the observation of cases, comprise the research instruments. The interviews are based on qualitative open-ended questions in order to find out the characteristics of the centres which the residents mostly appreciated or disliked. A checklist is formulated to explore design factors out of the survey responses. The design principles resulting from the survey are then compared with the initial list. The outcome of the research is the final list of generic principles which draws together the results of the literature investigation and the survey. These principles are primarily aimed at those directly engaged in the design of neighbourhood centres such as architects and urban designers. It also includes information for the management body of the centres. For the ease of users the principles are classified into ten sections under the three main categories mentioned above. Along with the above results, there are some secondary findings about the respondents' differences in perception and evaluation of their neighbourhood centre which are presented in the concluding chapter of the thesis. The study intends to decrease the gap between theoretical research and practical work by presenting design principles, extracted from the conceptual theories, that can be easily used by designers. Based on both theoretical and empirical approaches, it also helps to draw attention to the importance of neighbourhood centres in enhancing the quality of day-to-day lives of the city inhabitants.
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Walker-Larsen, Jennifer. "The functional significance of staminodes, with special reference to Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31377.pdf.

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Runge, Steven Edward. "A discourse-functional description of participant reference in Biblical Hebrew narrative." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1212.

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Hörberg, Thomas. "Influences of Form and Function on Spatial Relations : Establishing functional and geometric influences on projective prepositions in Swedish." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Linguistics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6867.

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<p>The present work is concerned with projective prepositions, which express the relation between two objects by referring to a direction in three-dimensional space. The projective prepositions have been regarded as expressing simple schematic relations of a geometric nature. A theory of the apprehension of projective relations can account for their meanings when they express strictly geometric relations. However, many studies have shown that the appropriateness of the prepositions also depends on the functional relation between the objects and that a number of functional factors influence the comprehension of English prepositions. This experimental study investigates if the acceptability of the Swedish prepositions över, under, ovanför and nedanför are influenced by functional factors as well, and whether acceptability judgments about över and under are more sensitive to functional influences than judgments about ovanför and nedanför, as has been shown for the corresponding English prepositions over and under, and above and below, respectively. It also investigates how the shapes and the parts of the related objects influence their functional interaction, and how the acceptability of the prepositions is in consequence influenced by the shapes of the objects. It was found that the theory of apprehension can indeed account for the acceptability of the prepositions when the relation between the objects is strictly geometric. It was further found that acceptability judgments about them are influenced by functional factors in a similar manner to the corresponding English prepositions when the objects are functionally related, although judgments about under and nedanför are not differentially influenced by these factors. Furthermore, the shapes and the parts of both of the related objects influence acceptability judgments about the prepositions in predictable manners. An extension of the theory of apprehension is suggested which can account for the functional influences indicated in the present study.</p>
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Books on the topic "Functional references"

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Butler, C. S. Structure and function: A guide to three major structural-functional theories. J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 2003.

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Structure and function: A guide to three major structural-functional theories. J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 2003.

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Index Technology Corporation (U.S.). Excelerator facilities & functions reference guide. Index Technology Corp., 1990.

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Mehta, Mandeep. Microsoft Excel Functions Quick Reference. Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6613-7.

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Fortescue, Michael, Peter Harder, and Lars Kristoffersen, eds. Layered Structure and Reference in a Functional Perspective. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.23.

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Milner, Clare E. Functional anatomy for sport and exercise: Quick reference. Routledge, 2008.

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Guo, Mingruo. Functional foods: Principles and technology. CRC Press, 2009.

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W, Sweigert James, and American Council of Teachers of Russian., eds. The Russian reference grammar: Core grammar in functional context. American Council of Teachers of Russian, 1997.

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Doug, Mayo-Wells, ed. Macromedia Authorware 3 internal functions professional reference. New Riders Pub., 1996.

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C, Musili, ed. Tata lectures on Theta. Birkhäuser, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Functional references"

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Howorka, Kinga. "References." In Functional Insulin Treatment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97298-0_19.

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Wengenroth, Jochen. "References." In Derived Functors in Functional Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36211-1_8.

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Klein-Vogelbach, Susanne. "References and Further Reading." In Therapeutic Exercises in Functional Kinetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75794-5_10.

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Gaillard, Afsaneh, Frédéric Gaillard, and Michel Roger. "References." In Neocortical Grafting to Newborn and Adult Rats: Developmental, Anatomical and Functional Aspects. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72179-3_4.

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Diviánszky, Péter. "Non-monadic Models of Mutable References." In Central European Functional Programming School. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17685-2_5.

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Kramosil, Ivan. "References." In Probabilistic Analysis of Belief Functions. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0587-7_15.

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Nita, Stefania Loredana, and Marius Mihailescu. "Functional Programming." In Haskell Quick Syntax Reference. Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4507-1_1.

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Steiniger, Birte, and Peter Barth. "References." In Microanatomy and Function of the Spleen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57088-9_10.

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"REFERENCES." In Functional Safety. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-047792-3.50029-5.

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"References." In Functional Analysis. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817212-4.00014-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Functional references"

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Kagawa, Koji. "Compositional references for stateful functional programming." In the second ACM SIGPLAN international conference. ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258948.258969.

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Kitamura, Yoshinobu, Sunao Takafuji, and Riichiro Mizoguchi. "Towards a Reference Ontology for Functional Knowledge Interoperability." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35373.

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Functionality is one of the key aspects of artifact models for design. A function of a device, however, can be captured in different ways in different domains or by different model-authors. Much research on functions has been conducted in the areas of engineering design, functional representation and philosophy, although there are several definitions and notions of functions. We view conceptualization of function is multiplicative in nature: different functions can be captured simultaneously from an objective behavior of an artifact under different teleological contexts of users/designers, or from different viewpoints (perspectives) of a model-author. Such differences become problematic for sharing functional knowledge among engineers. In this article, we attempt to clarify the differences of such perspectives for capturing functions on the basis of the ontological engineering. On the basis of a generalized model of the standard input-output model in the well-known systematic design methodology, we show descriptive categorization of some upper-level types (classes) of functions with references to some definitions of functions in the literature. Such upper-level ontological categories of functions are intended to be used as a reference ontology for functional knowledge interoperability. One of the two usages here is to convert functional models between different functional taxonomies. A functional term in a taxonomy is (ideally) categorized into a generic type defined in the reference ontology. It is widely recognized in the literature that such an upper-level ontology helps automatic “mapping discovery” which is to find similarities between two ontologies and determine which concepts represent similar notion. The reference ontology of function might have such an effect. Another usage of the reference ontology is to integrate fault knowledge into functional knowledge and automatic transformation of FMEA sheets. The designer can describe an integrated model of both functional knowledge and fault knowledge. Based on ontology mappings, automatic transformations of FMEA sheets can be realized. In this article, we discuss the detail of the definitions of the upper-level categories of functions ontologically. Then, we give an overview of usages and effects of the upper-level categories as a reference ontology for functional knowledge interoperability.
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Adamovich, Alexei Igorevich, and Andrei Valentinovich Klimov. "On theories of names and references in formal languages and implications for functional and object-oriented programming." In 23rd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2021”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2021-30.

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The long-standing problem of adequate formalization of local names in mathematical formulae and semantics of references in object-oriented languages taken “as is” without objects, is discussed. Reasons why the existing approaches cannot be considered suitable solutions, are explained. An introduction to the relatively recent works on the theories of names and references of the group headed by Andrew Pitts, is given. The notion of referential transparency, in which contextual equivalence is used instead of the usual equality of values, is analyzed. This is the main property, which these theories are based upon: it is preserved when a purely functional language is extended with names and references as data. It is argued that such referential transparency, along with many others, can be preserved for mutable objects that change to a limited extent. This leads to a model of computation between functional and object-oriented ones, allowing for a deterministic parallel implementation.
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Adamovich, Alexei Igorevich, and Andrei Valentinovich Klimov. "On Theory of Names to be Used in Semantics of References in Functional and Object-Oriented Languages." In 23rd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2021”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2021-1-ceur.

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The long-standing problem of adequate formalization of local names in mathematical formulas and semantics of references in object-oriented languages taken on their own without objects, is discussed. Reasons why the existing approaches cannot be considered suitable solutions, are explained. An introduction is given to the relatively recent works on the theories of names and references of the group lead by Andrew Pitts. The concept of referential transparency, in which contextual equivalence is used instead of the usual equality of values, is analyzed. It is the main property, which these theories are based upon: such modified referential transparency is preserved when a purely functional language is extended with names and references as data. An outline of a constructive denotational semantics of the extended functional language is given. It is argued that the modified referential transparency, along with many other valuable properties, can be also preserved for mutable objects that change to a limited extent. This leads to a model of computation between functional and object-oriented ones, allowing for a deterministic parallel implementation.
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Pöhler, Michael, Ümit Hasirci, Tim Rese, and Paul Uwe Thamsen. "Validation of a Developed Assessment Procedure for the Functional Performance of Wastewater Pumps." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5439.

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Abstract To date, there is no standardised test available, which assesses the actual performance of a pump for wastewater (especially its clog-resistance) as well as providing references about its efficiency. The developed testing procedure presented in this paper can display the different levels of performance for different pumps. The functionality of the pump, together with its efficiency is aggregated to the Functional Efficiency Index (FEI). The developed testing procedure is validated with two pumps from the field. Both are considered to be very prone to clogging by their respective wastewater network operators.
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Csabai, A., and P. Xirouchakis. "Container Spaces and Functional Features for Top-Down 3D Layout Design." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21229.

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Abstract During the conceptual phase of product design, rapid generation of the rough assembly description and capture of the product layout should be supported. This work introduces a top-down approach for creating the product layout and facilitating subsequent detailed design. For this purpose design spaces are introduced. These design spaces represent the conceptual boundary of the components as well as references for defining relationships between the functional parts of the assembly. These functional units can be connected together by means of interface features and constraints. Once the design spaces and the relationships have been set up correctly the task of refining the components geometrically can be distributed and done in parallel. This concurrent work is controlled with access rights and well-defined responsibility areas. Since the layout and the component level are strictly delimited, kinematic analysis as well as layout modifications can be done at any stage of the product design without any explicit information about the geometry of the components. The presented top-down method, called 3D Layout Modeller (3DLM), facilitates capturing the human intention of the constructional design by providing tools and methods for doing this in a natural manner. This means that the design process starts with the overall definition of the functional behaviour of the product and the detailed description of the components remains for the design refinement stages (“minimum commitment modelling”). Since there must be well defined connections between the components, the project can be separated into different tasks. It is possible that a task can also be further divided, which indicates the hierarchical nature of the method.
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Li, Xiangyun, Xiaying Du, Jun Wan, and Hui Xiao. "Structure Analysis of Flexible Pipe End Fitting Seal System." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41718.

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End fitting is one of the most important equipment of the flexible pipe with the function of terminating all the pipe layers, sealing and venting gas. Seal system is the weakest component of the end fitting which is easy to fail under functional and environmental load. This paper addresses the seal performance of the flexible pipe end fitting seal system used in deep waters. The finite element model for flexible pipe end fitting seal system is established in software of ABAQUS to perform the parameter sensitivity analysis on different parameters with the nonlinear contact analysis. The rules of seal and mechanical performances of flexible pipe end fitting seal system on the key parameters under different conditions are studied. The technique proposed in this paper will provide further references for the design of flexible pipe end fitting seal system.
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Fini, Giulia. "Clusters of specialised activities and peri-urban spaces in Bologna metropolitan cities." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mvdn1509.

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In the framework of a broader disciplinary debate (regarding the urban regions’ peri-urban areas and the fragmented and discontinuous dimension of the contemporary territory), the contribution presents a design exploration focusing on the definition of the new guidelines for the functional poles’ territorial agreements in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy. The experience has been developed in connection with the new city’s PTM - Metropolitan Territorial Plan. In this specific context, the functional poles represent the large service structures and settlement on a metropolitan scale, elements at the core of the previous polycentric strategy, linked to railway infrastructures and with the aim of controlled growth. In the process for the new guideline’s definition, a “tester” - composed by a general scheme, guidelines of interventions and a wide range of references - was developed. The need to introduce new elements for the design of the metropolitan poles, in addition to the traditional ones, was strongly indicated and developed. The new guidelines elements are connected to the issues of habitability, regeneration, spatial and functional articulation. In particular, they focus on new forms of mobility’s, connections and paths within the territory, internal structures’ articulation, and poles’ open spaces qualification.
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Buryachenko, Valeriy A. "General Integral Equations and Bounds of the Effective Moduli of Random Structure Composites." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70777.

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One considers a linear elastic random structure composite material (CM) with a homogeneous matrix. The idea of the effective field hypothesis (EFH, H1) dates back to Faraday, Poisson, Mossotti, Clausius, and Maxwell (1830–1870, see for references and details [1], [2]) who pioneered the introduction of the effective field concept as a local homogeneous field acting on the inclusions and differing from the applied macroscopic one. It is proved that a concept of the EFH (even if this term is not mentioned) is a (first) background of all four groups of analytical methods in physics and mechanics of heterogeneous media (model methods, perturbation methods, self-consistent methods, and variational ones, see for refs. [1]). New GIEs essentially define the new (second) background (which does not use the EFH) of multiscale analysis offering the opportunities for a fundamental jump in multiscale research of random heterogeneous media with drastically improved accuracy of local field estimations (with possible change of sign of predicted local fields). Estimates of the Hashin-Shtrikman (H-S) type are developed by extremizing of the classical variational functional involving either a classical GIE [1] or a new one. In the classical approach by Willis (1977), the H-S functional is extremized in the class of trial functions with a piece-wise constant polarisation tensors while in the current work we consider more general class of trial functions with a piece-wise constant effective fields. One demonstrates a better quality of proposed bounds, that is assessed from the difference between the upper and lower bounds for the concrete numerical examples.
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Jiménez Romera, Carlos, Agustín Hernández Aja, and Mariano Vázquez Espí. "Urban compactness and growth patterns in Spanish intermediate cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6060.

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Contemporary processes of urbanization have outpaced the traditional notion of city. Connectivity has become a distinctive characteristic of urban spaces, so that networked cities don’t rely anymore on continuous urbanized areas, but on connections that rarely leave a direct spatial footprint. The new spatial structure of urban areas include greater inter-penetration of built-up and open spaces, and the emergence of urban enclaves, which can be spatially isolated despite being functionally connected to a city. In order to study these enclaves and their impact on urban form, a sample of 47 Spanish functional urban areas was examined, ranging from 36,000 to 6.0 million inhabitants. Land use polygons provided by SIOSE were grouped into three main categories (residential, non-residential and urban infrastructure) and cross-matched with functional urban areas defined by AUDES (an iterative method than combines morphological and functional criteria) in order to calculate compactness proximity index, gross and net density. Factors that influence urban compactness were identified: most northern and some coastal urban areas display a low compactness which can be attributed to orographic conditions; bigger cities tend to display high compactness, but smaller ones display a great diversity of values, from the highest to the lowest. A further analysis of small and intermediate cities helped to identify two complementary mechanisms of urban growth, spatial expansion of core areas and functional integration of peripheral nuclei, whose ocurrence in different proportions can explain the variation of compactness in the studied sample. References Angel, S.; Parent, J.; Civco, D. L. (2012) ‘The fragmentation of urban landscapes: global evidence of a key attribute of the spatial structure of cities, 1990-2000’, Environment and Urbanization, 24 (1), 249-283. Ascher, F. (1995) Métapolis ou l'avenir des villes. (Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob.) Dupuy, G. (1991) L'urbanisme des réseaux, théories et méthodes. (Paris: Armand Colin.) Harvey, D. (1996) ‘Cities or urbanization?’, City 1 (2): 38-61. IGN (2007) SIOSE, Sistema de Información sobre Ocupación del Suelo (http://www.siose.es/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017. Ruiz, F. (2011) AUDES, Áreas Urbanas de España (http://alarcos.esi.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017.
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Reports on the topic "Functional references"

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Berkowitz, Jacob. Quantifying functional increases across a large-scale wetland restoration chronosequence. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41500.

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Over 300,000 ha of forested wetlands have undergone restoration within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley region. Restored forest successional stage varies, providing opportunities to document wetland functional increases across a large-scale restoration chronosequence using the Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach. Results from &gt;600 restored study sites spanning a 25-year chronosequence indicate that: 1) wetland functional assessment variables increased toward reference conditions; 2) restored wetlands generally follow expected recovery trajectories; and 3) wetland functions display significant improvements across the restoration chronosequence. A functional lag between restored areas and mature reference wetlands persists in most instances. However, a subset of restored sites have attained mature reference wetland conditions in areas approaching or exceeding tree diameter and canopy closure thresholds. Study results highlight the importance of site selection and the benefits of evaluating a suite of wetland functions in order to identify appropriate restoration success milestones and design monitoring programs. For example, wetland functions associated with detention of precipitation (a largely physical process) rapidly increased under post restoration conditions, while improvements in wetland habitat functions (associated with forest establishment and maturation) required additional time. As the wetland science community transitions towards larger scale restoration efforts, effectively quantifying restoration functional improvements will become increasingly important.
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Barkmeyer, Edward J., and Evan K. Wallace. Reference Architecture for Smart Manufacturing Part 1: Functional Models. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ams.300-1.

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Berkowitz, Jacob, Nathan Beane, Kevin Philley, Nia Hurst, and Jacob Jung. An assessment of long-term, multipurpose ecosystem functions and engineering benefits derived from historical dredged sediment beneficial use projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41382.

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The beneficial use of dredged materials improves environmental outcomes while maximizing navigation benefits and minimizing costs, in accordance with the principles of the Engineering With Nature® (EWN) initiative. Yet, few studies document the long-term benefits of innovative dredged material management strategies or conduct comprehensive life-cycle analysis because of a combination of (1) short monitoring time frames and (2) the paucity of constructed projects that have reached ecological maturity. In response, we conducted an ecological functional and engineering benefit assessment of six historic (&gt;40 years old) dredged material–supported habitat improvement projects where initial postconstruction beneficial use monitoring data was available. Conditions at natural reference locations were also documented to facilitate a comparison between natural and engineered landscape features. Results indicate the projects examined provide valuable habitat for a variety of species in addition to yielding a number of engineering (for example, shoreline protection) and other (for example, carbon storage) benefits. Our findings also suggest establishment of ecological success criteria should not overemphasize replicating reference conditions but remain focused on achieving specific ecological functions (that is, habitat and biogeochemical cycling) and engineering benefits (that is, storm surge reduction, navigation channel maintenance) achievable through project design and operational management.
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WANG, Peng, Zhidong CAI, Qingying ZHAO, Wanting JIANG, Cong LIU, and Xing WANG. A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of the Effect of Acute Exercise on Executive Function in Middle-aged and Senior People. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0086.

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Review question / Objective: Objective: To compare the intervention effect of multiple acute movement formulas on the executive function in middle-aged and senior people and to provide references for the discussion of the plans for precise movements. P: middle-aged and senior people elderly people; I: acute exercise; C: reading or sitting; O: Executive Function; S: RCT/crossover. Information sources: Randomized searches were carried out in Chinese databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Database, VTTMS, SinoMed and foreign databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science. The retrieval period is from the beginning of each database to August 2021, supplemented with manual searches for gray literature and references traced back to previous systematic reviews.
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Kibbe, Marion P., and Jan S. Stiff. Operator Performance in Pattern Matching as a Function of Reference Material Structure. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269889.

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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. How to Talk About Incontinence: A Checklist. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.006.

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Incontinence is the medical term used to describe the involuntary loss of urine or faeces. Women, men, girls, boys and people of all genders, at any age, can experience incontinence. A person with incontinence can experience leakage occasionally, regularly or constantly; and leakage can happen at any time, day or night. A person may also experience leakage of urinary or faecal matter due to not being able to get to the toilet in time or not wanting to use the toilet facilities available. This is known as social, or functional, incontinence. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) understanding of incontinence is still in its early stages: the term ‘incontinence’ may not be known, knowledge of the condition is rare, and the provision of support is lacking. Those who experience incontinence may face stigma due to having the condition, and this may affect their willingness or confidence to talk about it. There is a need to better understand incontinence in LMICs, and how best to support people living with the condition to improve their quality of life. This requires having conversations with individuals that experience the condition, and with individuals who care for those who do: they will have the lived experiences of what it means to live with incontinence practically, emotionally and socially for them and their families. Living with incontinence can have a range of impacts on the people living with it and their carers. These include increased stress and distress; additional needs for water and soap; and restricted ability to join in community activities, school or work. Living with incontinence can also lead to a range of protection issues. The potential challenges that people face may be quite diverse and may vary between people and households. The checklist below, and corresponding page references to ‘Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks’ can be used to increase your understanding of incontinence and the options available to support people living with the condition; and provide guidance on how to have conversations to understand how best to support people living with incontinence in your area.
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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Wilbur Jane. How to Talk About Incontinence: A Checklist. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.012.

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Incontinence is the medical term used to describe the involuntary loss of urine or faeces. Women, men, girls, boys and people of all genders, at any age, can experience incontinence. A person with incontinence can experience leakage occasionally, regularly or constantly; and leakage can happen at any time, day or night. A person may also experience leakage of urinary or faecal matter due to not being able to get to the toilet in time or not wanting to use the toilet facilities available. This is known as social, or functional, incontinence. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) understanding of incontinence is still in its early stages: the term ‘incontinence’ may not be known, knowledge of the condition is rare, and the provision of support is lacking. Those who experience incontinence may face stigma due to having the condition, and this may affect their willingness or confidence to talk about it. There is a need to better understand incontinence in LMICs, and how best to support people living with the condition to improve their quality of life. This requires having conversations with individuals that experience the condition, and with individuals who care for those who do: they will have the lived experiences of what it means to live with incontinence practically, emotionally and socially for them and their families. Living with incontinence can have a range of impacts on the people living with it and their carers. These include increased stress and distress; additional needs for water and soap; and restricted ability to join in community activities, school or work. Living with incontinence can also lead to a range of protection issues. The potential challenges that people face may be quite diverse and may vary between people and households. The checklist below, and corresponding page references to ‘Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks’ can be used to increase your understanding of incontinence and the options available to support people living with the condition; and provide guidance on how to have conversations to understand how best to support people living with incontinence in your area.
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DE ANDRADE, RAUL RIBEIRO, OLAVO BARBOSA DE OLIVEIRA NETO, JOÃO GUSTAVO ROCHA PEIXOTO DOS SANTOS, CÉLIO FERNANDO DE SOUSA RODRIGUES, and FABIANO TIMBÓ BARBOSA. Effectiveness of Early Tracheostomy compared with Late Tracheostomy Or Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation in Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol of Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0051.

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Review question / Objective: What is the effectiveness of Early Tracheostomy compared with Late Tracheostomy Or Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation in Traumatic Brain Injury? Condition being studied: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is every traumatic anatomical ou functional injury that affects brain, skull and/or vessels related to them. TBI is a public health problem that involves over 50 million people per year in Worldwide. Information sources: PUBLISHED DATABASES (Medline by PUBMED, Lilacs, Central-Cochrane, Scopus by Elsevier, Web Of Science e Embase by Elsevier) NON-PUBLISHED (Open Grey by Sigle; Clinical Trial Register at the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) (Referencies of the selected studies).
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Zhu, Haoan, Wenbin Li, Yitong Lin, and Hao Wu. The efficacy of kinesio taping in the treatment of ankle sprain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0059.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to accurately evaluate the efficacy of kinesio tape for ankle sprains. Condition being studied: Ankle sprain may cause a series of problems, such as pain, swelling, and various dysfunctions. As a physical therapy method that has attracted much attention in recent years, kinesio tape has been proven to relieve pain, reduce swelling and promote functional recovery for some diseases. In this way, we can provide a reference for clinical physical therapy. Information sources: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Data, Technological periodical database, SinoMed.
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Smith, R. D. Hydrogeomorphic Approach to Assessing Wetland Functions: Guidelines for Developing Regional Guidebooks. Chapter 3. Developing a Reference Wetland System. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399404.

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