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Kamal, Khaledi Maryam KAMAL. "Processing of temporal and pronominal references in English-speaking individuals with aphasia." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502930894129367.
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Lam, Kin Man. "Culture-specific reference and functional priority : function shifts through speech translation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2178683.
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Rytych, Maxim. "Možnosti deklarativního programování v jazyku Java 8." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202113.
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This paper concerns itself with possibilities of declarative programming in the new version of Java 8 language, specifically using elements adopted from the domain of functional programming languages: function as a value and lazy streams of data. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate possibilities of declarative programming using these elements, analyze its implementation and design own extensions. The contribution lies particularly in showing possibilities of the new elements, implementation analysis and design of a new functionality. The output can be used by a Czech reader, who is at least slightly advanced in the field of information technologies. The paper is divided into a theoretical and practical parts. Theoretical part is covered by chapters 3-8. Theoretical part describes motivation for introduction of the new elements, describes functional programming and its basic principles, then it shows basic principles of the newly introducted elements and ends with the description of the java.util.stream package. Pactical part is covered by chapters 9 and 10. Practical part concerns with stream oper-ations and extension design of existing functionality.
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Jeffrey, Chris C. "Applications of Single Reference Methods to Multi-Reference Problems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801919/.
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Density functional theory is an efficient and useful method of solving single-reference computational chemistry problems, however it struggles with multi-reference systems. Modifications have been developed in order to improve the capabilities of density functional theory. In this work, density functional theory has been successfully applied to solve multi-reference systems with large amounts of non-dynamical correlation by use of modifications. It has also been successfully applied for geometry optimizations for lanthanide trifluorides.
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Wåhlin, Pernilla. "Theoretical Actinide Chemistry – Methods and Models." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54848.
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The chemistry of actinides in aqueous solution is important, and it is essential to build adequate conceptual models and develop methods applicable for actinide systems. The complex electronic structure makes benchmarking necessary. In the thesis a prototype reaction of the water exchange reaction for uranyl(VI), for both ground and luminescent states, described with a six-water model, was used to study the applicability of density functional methods on actinides and different solvation models. An excellent agreement between the wave function methods CCSD(T) and MP2 was obtained in the ground state, implying that near-minimal CASPT2 can be used with confidence for the reaction in the luminescent state of uranyl(VI), while density functionals are not suited to describe energetics for this type of reaction. There was an ambiguity concerning the position of the waters in the second hydration sphere. This issue was resolved by investigating a larger model, and prop- erly used the six-water model was found to adequately describe the water exchange reaction. The effect of solvation was investigated by comparing the results from conductor-like polarizable continuum models using two cavity models. Scattered numbers made it difficult to determine which solvation model to use. The final conclusion was that the water exchange reaction in the luminescent state of uranyl(VI) should be addressed with near-minimal CASPT2 and a solvation model without explicit cavities for hydrogens. Finally it was shown that no new chemistry appears in the luminescent state for this reaction. The thesis includes a methodological investigation of a multi-reference density functional method based on a range separation of the two-electron interaction. The method depends on a universal parameter, which has been determined for lighter elements. It is shown here that the same parameter could be used for actinides, a prerequisite for further development of the method. The results are in that sense promising.
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Wang, Jiaqi. "The Impact of Computational Methods on Transition Metal-containing Species." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822795/.
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Quantum chemistry methodologies can be used to address a wide variety of chemical problems. Key to the success of quantum chemistry methodologies, however, is the selection of suitable methodologies for specific problems of interest, which often requires significant assessment. To gauge a number of methodologies, the utility of density functionals (BLYP, B97D, TPSS, M06L, PBE0, B3LYP, M06, and TPSSh) in predicting reaction energetics was examined for model studies of C-O bond activation of methoxyethane and methanol. These species provide excellent representative examples of lignin degradation via C-O bond cleavage. PBE0, which performed better than other considered DFT functionals, was used to investigate late 3d (Fe, Co, and Ni), 4d (Ru, Rh, and Pd), and 5d (Re, Os, and Ir) transition metal atom mediated Cβ -O bond activation of the β–O–4 linkage of lignin. Additionally, the impact of the choice of DFT functionals, basis sets, implicit solvation models, and layered quantum chemical methods (i.e., ONIOM, Our Own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics) was investigated for the prediction of pKa for a set of Ni-group metal hydrides (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt) in acetonitrile. These investigations have provided insight about the utility of a number of theoretical methods in the computation of thermodynamic properties of transition metal hydrides in solution. As single reference wavefunction methods commonly perform poorly in describing molecular systems that involve bond-breaking and forming or electronic near-degeneracies and are typically best described with computationally costly multireference wavefunction-based methods, it is imperative to a priori analyze the multireference character for molecular systems so that the proper methodology choice is applied. In this work, diagnostic criteria for assessing the multireference character of 4d transition metal-containing molecules was investigated. Four diagnostics were considered in this work, including the weight of the leading configuration of the CASSCF wavefunction, C02; T1, the Frobenius norm of the coupled cluster amplitude vector related to single excitations and D1, the matrix norm of the coupled cluster amplitude vector arising from coupled cluster calculations; and the percent total atomization energy, %TAE. This work demonstrated the need to have different diagnostic criteria for 4d molecules than for main group molecules.
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Gharai, Fariba. "Generic principles of neighbourhood design, with particular reference to Tehran." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14786/.
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The main aim of this research is to develop a list of principles relevant to the design of neighbourhoods and in particular neighbourhood centres in Tehran. The study embodies two main phases, a literature review and a survey. During the literature review various dimensions of a neighbourhood centre are explored among both 'prescriptive' and 'explanatory' theories in architecture and urban design. Attempts are made to extract the essence and concepts of individual projects among the prescriptive resources, while the investigations of explanatory resources are focused on finding concepts and ideas which are applicable to design. The characteristics of neighbourhood centres are then classified into three categories called functional, perceptual and operational. These categories embody different sections which are separately studied among the literature and design principles are derived out of the writings and presented at the end of each section. Finally, a provisional list of principles is developed as the result of the literature review. The survey is designed to examine the above principles in the real world in two contrasting neighbourhood centres in Tehran. Face-to-face interviews with the residents of the neighbourhoods, together with the observation of cases, comprise the research instruments. The interviews are based on qualitative open-ended questions in order to find out the characteristics of the centres which the residents mostly appreciated or disliked. A checklist is formulated to explore design factors out of the survey responses. The design principles resulting from the survey are then compared with the initial list. The outcome of the research is the final list of generic principles which draws together the results of the literature investigation and the survey. These principles are primarily aimed at those directly engaged in the design of neighbourhood centres such as architects and urban designers. It also includes information for the management body of the centres. For the ease of users the principles are classified into ten sections under the three main categories mentioned above. Along with the above results, there are some secondary findings about the respondents' differences in perception and evaluation of their neighbourhood centre which are presented in the concluding chapter of the thesis. The study intends to decrease the gap between theoretical research and practical work by presenting design principles, extracted from the conceptual theories, that can be easily used by designers. Based on both theoretical and empirical approaches, it also helps to draw attention to the importance of neighbourhood centres in enhancing the quality of day-to-day lives of the city inhabitants.
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Walker-Larsen, Jennifer. "The functional significance of staminodes, with special reference to Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31377.pdf.
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Runge, Steven Edward. "A discourse-functional description of participant reference in Biblical Hebrew narrative." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1212.
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Hörberg, Thomas. "Influences of Form and Function on Spatial Relations : Establishing functional and geometric influences on projective prepositions in Swedish." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Linguistics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6867.
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The present work is concerned with projective prepositions, which express the relation between two objects by referring to a direction in three-dimensional space. The projective prepositions have been regarded as expressing simple schematic relations of a geometric nature. A theory of the apprehension of projective relations can account for their meanings when they express strictly geometric relations. However, many studies have shown that the appropriateness of the prepositions also depends on the functional relation between the objects and that a number of functional factors influence the comprehension of English prepositions. This experimental study investigates if the acceptability of the Swedish prepositions över, under, ovanför and nedanför are influenced by functional factors as well, and whether acceptability judgments about över and under are more sensitive to functional influences than judgments about ovanför and nedanför, as has been shown for the corresponding English prepositions over and under, and above and below, respectively. It also investigates how the shapes and the parts of the related objects influence their functional interaction, and how the acceptability of the prepositions is in consequence influenced by the shapes of the objects. It was found that the theory of apprehension can indeed account for the acceptability of the prepositions when the relation between the objects is strictly geometric. It was further found that acceptability judgments about them are influenced by functional factors in a similar manner to the corresponding English prepositions when the objects are functionally related, although judgments about under and nedanför are not differentially influenced by these factors. Furthermore, the shapes and the parts of both of the related objects influence acceptability judgments about the prepositions in predictable manners. An extension of the theory of apprehension is suggested which can account for the functional influences indicated in the present study.
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Menzies, John. "An investigation into the functional role of some neuropeptides in intestinal function with particular reference to inflammatory bowel disease and idiopathic chronic constipation." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301472.
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Taha, Ahmed. "Streamline e-information service for virtual users: A quality function deployment (QFD) approach." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106053.
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Migration from the traditional to web-based library paradigm is usually accompanied by remodelling of many library core activities particularly those associated with user-centred services. In this capacity of the web-based service paradigm, many academic libraries have established networked environments within which many virtual-user communities are forming and growing. Understanding the virtual user's needs in these communities has become the first priority of networked libraries for designing, running and managing effective virtual reference services to meet the increasing expectations of the invisible users. To achieve this, the networked libraries strive to improve their quality of service by applying a wide range of such quality management approaches as quality function deployment (QFD) and LIBQUAL™. QFD initially stresses on driving continuous improvement of the user-oriented services towards end-user satisfaction. The paper attempts to incorporate the QFD to be integrated strategically in designing and managing e-information provision within networked library service environment. The UAE University Library is used as a case study, where the evidence-based librarianship (EBL) approach has been employed in three studies to identify user needs and acceptance of e-services. Based on these studies, the paper presents a model aimed at streamlining e-services for virtual users in ICT-rich learning environments.
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Dutschke, Cynthia F. (Cynthia Fleming). "The Characteristics and Properties of the Threshold and Squared-Error Criterion-Referenced Agreement Indices." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331415/.
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Educators who use criterion-referenced measurement to ascertain the current level of performance of an examinee in order that the examinee may be classified as either a master or a nonmaster need to know the accuracy and consistency of their decisions regarding assignment of mastery states. This study examined the sampling distribution characteristics of two reliability indices that use the squared-error agreement function: Livingston's k^2(X,Tx) and Brennan and Kane's M(C). The sampling distribution characteristics of five indices that use the threshold agreement function were also examined: Subkoviak's Pc. Huynh's p and k. and Swaminathan's p and k. These seven methods of calculating reliability were also compared under varying conditions of sample size, test length, and criterion or cutoff score. Computer-generated data provided randomly parallel test forms for N = 2000 cases. From this, 1000 samples were drawn, with replacement, and each of the seven reliability indices was calculated. Descriptive statistics were collected for each sample set and examined for distribution characteristics. In addition, the mean value for each index was compared to the population parameter value of consistent mastery/nonmastery classifications. The results indicated that the sampling distribution characteristics of all seven reliability indices approach normal characteristics with increased sample size. The results also indicated that Huynh's p was the most accurate estimate of the population parameter, with the smallest degree of negative bias. Swaminathan's p was the next best estimate of the population parameter, but it has the disadvantage of requiring two test administrations, while Huynh's p index only requires one administration.
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Heikkinen, T. (Tero). "Comparison of hip fracture treatment in Finland, Great Britain and Sweden with special reference to evaluation methods." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514279158.
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Abstract
The treatment of hip fractures in the elderly has been under debate for decades. There is a lack of standardisation of treatment and rehabilitation and also concerning the measurements and follow-up times in studies on treatment.
Two patient series with cervical hip fractures treated with Austin Moore hemiarthroplasty in Finland and hook pin osteosynthesis in Sweden were compared using matched-pair analysis in view of different age groups. Hip fracture treatments in six hospitals in Finland and one in Great Britain were surveyed. The adequacy of a short four-month follow-up was studied by comparing outcomes at four months and one year. Standardised Audit of Hip Fractures in Europe data collection sets were tested and used in three studies.
Osteosynthesis resulted in lower one-year mortality but a higher reoperation rate in patients aged 55–75 years and was associated with a lesser need for walking aids, less pain and lower four-month mortality in patients aged 76–80 years. There were some differences in the patient characteristics and the methods of treatment between Great Britain and Finland. In Great Britain, more patients returned to their own homes, but one-year mortality after trochanteric fractures was higher. Hip fracture treatments and outcomes were quite similar between the six Finnish hospitals. There was a slight difference in adjusted postoperative mobility and mortality in two hospitals compared to the others. Six of the ten functional domains and residential status remained unchanged, while walking ability and four functional domains improved between four months and one year. The standardised data set was a practical and reliable way to acquire a great variety of information on hip fracture patients, treatments and outcomes.
Hook pin osteosynthesis can be recommended for patients with cervical hip fractures younger than 80 years, whereas older patients can also be safely treated with Austin Moore hemiarthroplasty. The characteristics and outcomes of hip fracture patients were rather similar between Finland and Great Britain and between the different Finnish hospitals irrespective of the variety of methods used in treatment. Standardised Audit for Hip Fractures in Europe is a reliable data collection set and suitable as a basis of hip fracture surveys, audits and registers. Four-month follow-up is justified as the shortest feasible alternative in studies on rehabilitation and residential status after hip fractures.
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Abrams, Micah Lowell. "General-Order Single-Reference and Mulit-Reference Methods in Quantum Chemistry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6852.
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Many-body perturbation theory and coupled-cluster theory, combined with carefully constructed basis sets, can be used to accurately compute the properties of small molecules. We applied a series of methods and basis sets aimed at reaching the ab initio limit to determine the barrier to planarity for ethylene cation. For potential energy surfaces corresponding to bond dissociation, a single Slater determinant is no longer an appropriate reference, and the single-reference hierarchy breaks down. We computed full configuration interaction benchmark data for calibrating new and existing quantum chemical methods for the accurate description of potential energy surfaces. We used the data to calibrate single-reference configuration interaction, perturbation theory, and coupled-cluster theory and multi-reference configuration interaction and perturbation theory, using various types of molecular orbitals, for breaking single and multiple bonds on ground-state and excited-state surfaces. We developed a determinant-based method which generalizes the formulation of many-body wave functions and energy expectation values. We used the method to calibrate single-reference and multi-reference configuration interaction and coupled-cluster theories, using different types of molecular orbitals, for the symmetric dissociation of water. We extended the determinant-based method to work with general configuration lists, enabling us to study, for the first time, arbitrarily truncated coupled-cluster wave functions. We used this new capability to study the importance of configurations in configuration interaction and coupled-cluster wave functions at different regions of a potential energy surface.
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Lo, Jonathan Wan Hei. "Contours and functions of Danielic references in the Gospel of Mark." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7938.
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While scholars generally acknowledge the influence of the book of Daniel in various loci in the Gospel of Mark, there has yet to be a systematic study that combines these references to determine their cumulative effect. Previous examinations of Mark’s use of Daniel have been piece-meal, exploring a particular Danielic theme or looking at a particular Markan text. Other studies focus on determining whether a certain Markan text contains a reference to Daniel. These studies serve to illuminate Mark’s use of Daniel considerably, but leave many important questions unanswered. What is Mark’s modus operandi in referencing the book of Daniel in particular? What is the shape—the contours and distribution—of Danielic usage in Mark? What can the references together, in toto, reveal about Mark’s usage of Daniel? This dissertation will explore these questions and clarify Mark’s use of Daniel through careful analysis and exegetical study of ten verses with suggested Danielic references (Mark 1:15; 4:11, 32; 9:3; 13:7,13-14, 19, 26; 14:62) so as to observe Mark’s overall pattern of usage. This dissertation will survey the issues surrounding Mark’s usage of Daniel and review the secondary literature related the use of the Old Testament in Mark—more specifically the use of Daniel in Mark (Ch. 1). A survey of the use of Daniel in early Jewish literature demonstrates the popularity and the widespread use of Daniel across different Jewish groups—and therefore its availability to Mark (Ch. 2). This survey also provides the cultural and theological background in which to understand Mark’s use of Daniel. Each reference to the book of Daniel in the Gospel of Mark, which is noted by the editors of the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament (4th ed.) and the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (27th ed.), will be examined in order to trace the contours of Mark’s usage of Daniel, explore the nature of the literary relationship, and determine the literary function of each reference (Ch. 3). The characteristics and patterns that can be observed when the Danielic references in Mark are seen side by side will be closely examined (Ch. 4). The book of Daniel is found to be even more significant for Mark than it has been acknowledged because Mark’s concept of the kingdom of God is profoundly influenced by the visions of God’s kingdom in Dan 7 and Dan 2. The influence of the Danielic notion of the kingdom of God permeates Mark’s gospel, from Jesus’ introductory proclamation in Mark 1:15 to his parables about the kingdom of God in Mark 4, his apocalyptic discourse in Mark 13, and finally his passion in Mark 14. In addition to the kingdom of God, several themes and images in Mark’s view of eschatology are also influenced by the Danielic text. Consequently, by looking at the Danielic references in Mark in toto, it can be seen that Mark draws upon Daniel primarily for inspiration pertaining to the kingdom of God and its eschatological significance. It is clear that many parts of the book of Daniel were familiar to Mark, and that they played an integral part in shaping his portrayal of the good news of Jesus.
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Mishra, Avdesh. "Three-Dimensional Ideal Gas Reference State based Energy Function." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1986.
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Energy functions are found to be a key of protein structure prediction. In this work, we propose a novel 3-dimensional energy function based on hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of amino acid where we consider at least three different possible interaction of amino acid in a 3-dimensional sphere categorized as hydrophilic versus hydrophilic, hydrophobic versus hydrophobic and hydrophobic versus hydrophilic. Each of these interactions are governed by a 3-dimensional parameter alpha used to model the interaction and 3-dimensional parameter beta used to model weight of contribution. We use Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the value of alpha, beta and Z-score. We obtain three energy scores libraries from a database of 4332 protein structures obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB) server. Proposed energy function is found to outperform nearest competitor by 40.9% for the most challenging Rosetta decoy as well as better in terms of the Z-score based on Moulder and Rosetta decoy sets.
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McKenzie, J. D. "A comparative study of dendrochirote holothurians with special reference to the tentacular functional anatomy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374225.
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Wong, King-Wah, and 王景華. "An analysis of matriculants' writing with special reference to communicative functions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956877.
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Backman, Helena. "Lung function and prevalence trends in asthma and COPD : the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Thesis XVI." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118026.
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Background Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common obstructive airway diseases with a substantial burden in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs. Smoking is the single most important risk factor for COPD, and is associated with incident asthma. It is important to know if the prevalence of asthma and COPD is increasing or decreasing in the population in order to effectively allocate health care resources. The definitions of these diseases have varied over time which makes it difficult to measure changes in prevalence. The preferred method is to estimate the prevalence with the same procedures and definitions based on cross-sectional population samples with identical age distributions in the same geographical area at different time points. Measurements of lung function (spirometry) are required to diagnose COPD, and spirometry is used to evaluate disease severity and progress of both asthma and COPD, where observed values are compared to reference values. The most commonly used reference values in Sweden are published during the mid 1980s, and there are few evaluations of how appropriate they are today based on Swedish population samples. The aim of the thesis was to estimate trends in the prevalence of asthma and COPD in relation to smoking habits, and to evaluate and estimate reference values for spirometry. Methods The project was based on population-based samples of adults from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies. Postal questionnaires were sent to large cohorts, recruited in 1992 (n=4851, 20-69 years), 1996 (n=7420, 20-74 years) and 2006 (n=6165, 20-69 years), respectively. The questionnaire included questions on respiratory symptoms and diseases, their comorbidities and several possible risk factors including smoking habits. Structured interviews and spirometry were performed in random samples of the responders to the 1992 and 2006 surveys, of which n=660 (in 1994) and n=623 (in 2009) were within identical age-spans (23-72 years). The trend in asthma prevalence was estimated by comparing the postal questionnaire surveys in 1996 and 2006, and the trend in COPD prevalence was estimated by comparing the samples participating in dynamic spirometry in 1994 and 2009, respectively. The prevalence of COPD was estimated based on two different definitions of COPD. Commonly used reference values for spirometry were evaluated based on randomly sampled healthy non-smokers defined in clinical examinations of participants in the 2006 postal questionnaire (n=501). The main focus of the evaluation was the global lung function initiative (GLI) reference values published in 2012, for which Z-scores and percent of predicted values were analysed. New sex-specific reference values for spirometry were estimated by linear regression, with age and height as predictors. These new OLIN reference values were also evaluated on a sample of healthy non-smokers identified in the population-based West Sweden Asthma Study. Results Although the prevalence of smoking decreased from 27.4% to 19.1%, p<0.001, between 1996 and 2006, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma increased from 9.4% to 11.6%, p<0.001. The prevalence of symptoms common in asthma such as recurrent wheeze did not change significantly between the surveys or tended to decrease, while bronchitis symptoms such as cough and sputum production decreased significantly. The evaluation of the GLI reference values showed that the predicted values were significantly lower compared to the observed values in Norrbotten, which makes the percent of predicted too high. This was especially true for FVC percent predicted with a mean of 106%. In general, the deviations were more pronounced among women. New OLIN reference values valid for the Norrbotten sample were modelled and showed a high external validity when applied on the sample from western Sweden. The prevalence of moderate to severe COPD decreased substantially over the 15-year period between 1994 and 2009, regardless of definition. Conclusions In parallel with substantially decreased smoking habits in the population between 1996 and 2006, the prevalence of several airway symptoms decreased while the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma increased. These results suggest increased diagnostic activity for asthma, but may also suggest that the asthma prevalence has continued to increase. In contrast to asthma, the prevalence of COPD tended to decrease and moderate to severe COPD decreased substantially. The continuous decrease in smoking in Sweden during several decades prior to the study period is most likely contributing to these results. The evaluation of reference values showed that the GLI reference values were lower than the observed spirometric values in the population, especially for women, why the new up-to date reference values may be of importance for disease evaluation in epidemiology and in the health care as well.
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Panesar, Kulvinder. "Natural language processing (NLP) in Artificial Intelligence (AI): a functional linguistic perspective." Vernon Press, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18140.
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YesThis chapter encapsulates the multi-disciplinary nature that facilitates NLP in AI and reports on a linguistically orientated conversational software agent (CSA) (Panesar 2017) framework sensitive to natural language processing (NLP), language in the agent environment. We present a novel computational approach of using the functional linguistic theory of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) as the linguistic engine. Viewing language as action, utterances change the state of the world, and hence speakers and hearer’s mental state change as a result of these utterances. The plan-based method of discourse management (DM) using the BDI model architecture is deployed, to support a greater complexity of conversation. This CSA investigates the integration, intersection and interface of the language, knowledge, speech act constructions (SAC) as a grammatical object, and the sub-model of BDI and DM for NLP. We present an investigation into the intersection and interface between our linguistic and knowledge (belief base) models for both dialogue management and planning. The architecture has three-phase models: (1) a linguistic model based on RRG; (2) Agent Cognitive Model (ACM) with (a) knowledge representation model employing conceptual graphs (CGs) serialised to Resource Description Framework (RDF); (b) a planning model underpinned by BDI concepts and intentionality and rational interaction; and (3) a dialogue model employing common ground. Use of RRG as a linguistic engine for the CSA was successful. We identify the complexity of the semantic gap of internal representations with details of a conceptual bridging solution.
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Schachter, L. M. "Change in lung volume in asthma with particular reference to obesity." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/979.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Over the last 20 years both asthma and obesity have increased in prevalence. What is the link? There are data to suggest that increasing obesity is a risk for the increase in prevalence of asthma. A number of mechanisms have been postulated including the effects of reduced lung volume on bronchial reactivity and mechanical changes with lower lung volumes. Other possibilities include other obesity-induced co-morbidities including gastro-oesophageal reflux. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the link between asthma and obesity in both adult and childhood populations and to undertake experimental studies to examine the effects of changes in lung volume on bronchial reactivity. In chapter 1, the literature is reviewed. The current literature suggests that there is a link between diagnosis of asthma, new onset of asthma, symptoms of shortness of breath and wheeze. In chapter 2, data on 1997 adults in 3 population studies were analysed and the association between body mass index (BMI) and symptoms of shortness of breath and wheeze, diagnosis of asthma, medication usage for asthma, lung function and bronchial responsiveness were studied. This study showed that obesity was a risk for recent asthma (OR 2.04; 95%CI 1.02-3.76, p=0.048), symptoms of shortness of breath and wheeze (OR 2.6; 95%CI 1.46- 4.70, p=0.001), and medication usage for asthma (OR 2.53; 95%CI 1.36-4.70, p=0.003). There was a reduction in lung volume as measured by forced vital capacity (FVC), but there was no increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.35-2.21, p=0.78). Thus although the symptoms of asthma are increased there were no increases in BHR, despite significantly reduced lung volumes. The increase the medication usage is unlikely to have normalised the BHR, as there were ongoing symptoms suggestive of asthma. In chapter 3, data on 5993 children in 7 population studies were analysed and the association between BMI percentile and symptoms of cough, wheeze, ix diagnosis of asthma, medication usage for asthma, atopy, lung function and bronchial responsiveness was studied. After adjusting for atopy, sex, age, smoking and family history, BMI was a significant risk factor for wheeze ever (OR=1.06; 95%CI 1.01-1.10, p=0.008) and cough (OR=1.09; 95%CI 1.05-1.14, p=0.001) but not for recent asthma (OR=1.02; 95%CI 0.98-1.07 p=0.43), or bronchial hyperresponsiveness (OR=0.97; 95%CI 0.95-1.04 p=0.77). In girls, a higher BMI was significantly associated with higher prevalence of atopy (x2 trend 7.9, p=0.005), wheeze ever (x2 trend 10.4, p=0.001), and cough (x2 trend 12.3, p<0.001). These were not significant in boys. With increasing BMI in children, there was no reduction in lung volume, no increase in airway obstruction and no increase in bronchial responsiveness. In chapter 4, the hypothesis that obesity per se is associated with bronchial responsiveness was tested. Six obese women without asthma were compared to 6 non-obese women without asthma with high dose methacholine challenges to assess the bronchial responsiveness. There was no increase in bronchial responsiveness, and no difference in the position or shape of the high dose methacholine curve despite the fact that these women had reduced lung volumes associated with their obesity. In chapter 5, the hypothesis whether reduced lung volume per se would cause a change in greater mechanical effect, ie more marked airway narrowing in both non-asthmatic and asthmatic subjects was tested. Lung volumes and methacholine challenges were undertaken in the supine and erect position on different days. As expected in normal subjects there was a small reduction in lung volume on lying down, this was associated with an increase in the measure of bronchial reactivity DRR. In contrast, in asthmatics, there was no acute fall in lung volume and there were variable changes in the index of reactivity suggesting non-homogeneity in the lung function abnormality. This suggests changes in bronchial reactivity can occur without any relationship to lung volume change. These negative results suggest that lung volume changes that may occur in obesity are unlikely contributors to the apparent increase in asthma symptoms. In chapter 6, the hypothesis that the supposed increase in asthma symptoms in the obese were due to the effects of gastro-oesophageal reflux were assessed in 147 obese subjects graded for gastro-oesophageal reflux severity using manometry and gastroscopy. This study showed that subjects with increased gastro-oesophageal reflux did not have subjective increases in asthma prevalence, obstructive sleep apnoea, or snoring however they had a clear worsening of gas transfer as measured by carbon monoxide transfer suggesting a greater level of parenchymal disease. The overall results are that there is an increase of diagnosis of asthma, increase in symptoms of asthma and medication usage for the treatment of asthma in the obese. Objectively despite reductions in lung volume, there is no increase in bronchial responsiveness in this group suggesting that these symptoms are not related to true asthma, but to alternative co-morbidities associated with obesity such as gastro-oesophageal reflux. Notably gastrooesophageal reflux was not associated with increased asthma prevalence or airway obstruction. However it was associated with reduced gas transfer suggesting parenchymal disease. This suggests that the increase in symptoms of wheeze and shortness of breath in the obese should not be attributed to asthma in the absence of variable airflow limitation that is reversible spontaneously or with treatment, or with an increase in the existing bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to a variety of stimuli.
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Mikler, Jerzy. "On Improvement Of Maintenance Function : A Reference Model And Improvement Methodology." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177188.
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In order to produce products and services, companies are using various tangible assets such as production equipment and facilities. The goal of the maintenance function is to maintain these assets so they operate safely, efficiently and economically. This function includes technical, administrative and management activities, carried out in order to keep company’s assets in a state, or restore these to a state, in which they can perform the required functions. The activities should be planned and carried out in a way that allows for obtaining the required technical condition, availability, meets the safety requirements for humans and the environment, ensures quality of delivered products and services, and secures the anticipated service life of individual devices. Both effectiveness and efficiency of the maintenance function are very important to each company trying to operate with profit. As follows from the recent research, the performance of maintenance functions in most of the studied companies around the world is in general unsatisfactory, and the underlying reasons of the subnormal behavior are not sufficiently identified, understood and described. The result of research presented in this thesis is an improvement support system based on an explanatory model of the maintenance function. This model shows the mechanisms interconnecting the motivations, intents and rationale behind the involved actors, entities and maintenance activities, and in this way gains understanding of how, and in what way the total performance of the maintenance function is affected, thereby supporting improvement decisions. As maintenance cost is a sharply increasing part of the operational costs, it is an evident target for operational and managerial improvement. This research area is strongly encouraged by industry, and is becoming a topic of increasing interest in the academia.QC 20151117
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Franco, Roberta Calhes. "Análise comparativa de legislações internacionais referentes aos alimentos funcionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-30032007-140759/.
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Revisão com o objetivo de analisar e comparar a legislação brasileira, nos aspectos de desenvolvimento, avaliação e comercialização dos alimentos funcionais, com a legislação dos países: Austrália, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Japão; da União Européia e a opinião do Codex Alimentarius. Separou-se e analisou-se a legislação desses alimentos em cinco partes: a) Definição legal; b) Regulamentação; c) Alegações; d) Procedimentos de comunicação das alegações; e) Critérios de avaliação da segurança e eficácia desses alimentos. Constatou-se que, dos países analisados, somente o Japão possui uma definição legal e uma regulamentação própria para essa categoria de produto e que o Canadá é o único país que apresenta uma norma clara e objetiva sobre a divulgação, nos meios de comunicação, dos alimentos com alegações. Verificou-se que existem diferentes tipos de definições e usos para as alegações, sendo algumas vezes equivalentes entre os países e outras não. Constatou-se que todos os países em estudo compartilham de alguns pontos comuns quanto aos critérios de avaliação, como: as alegações devem ser baseadas em estudos científicos relevantes; e o produto deve ser seguro sem a necessidade de supervisão médica. A Austrália, o Canadá, os Estados Unidos, a União Européia e o Reino Unido dispõem de guias de orientações bem explicativos sobre como as alegações devem ser avaliadas. Levando-se em conta as orientações fornecidas por esses documentos, elaborou-se uma sugestão de guia sobre os procedimentos/passos para se avaliar a segurança e a veracidade de uma alegação.This is a review with the aim of analyzing and comparing Brazilian legislation relating to aspects of the development, evaluation and commercialization of functional foods, with that of Australia, Canada, the United States of America, Japan, and the European Union, and with the opinions expressed in the Codex Alimentarius. This food legislation was separated and analyzed in five distinct parts: a) The legal definition; b) Regulations; c) Claims; d) Procedures for communicating claims; and) Criteria for evaluating the security and effective of these foods. It was noticed that from all the analysed countries, only Japan has a legal definition and a regulation that fits sort of product and that Canada is the only country that has an objective and unambiguous norm on divulging the nutriments with claims among communication. With regard to claims, it was noticed that there are different types of definition and uses that sometimes have counterparts in other countries and sometimes not. In the part dealing with the evaluation criteria of these foods, it was noticed that all countries in the study have some points in common. Among these points are that the claims must be based on relevant scientific studies and that the product must be safe without the need for medical supervision. Australia, Canada, the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom have very explicit guidelines regarding how the claims should be evaluated. Taking into consideration the guidelines supplied in these documents it was prepared a suggested guide for procedures/steps for evaluating the security and truth of the claims.
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Rediger, Wesley A. "The achievement of functional aims at Eastern Mennonite College as perceived by selected institutional reference groups." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/434355.
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Zheng, X. (Xiaosong). "Reference modeling for high value added mobile services." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514285455.
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Abstract
The era of mobile communications and mobile services has begun. The ongoing mobile revolution has dramatically and fundamentally changed our daily lifestyles, and it will continue to do so in a foreseeable future. For the next generation, mobile service end users have more demands for such services. This thesis examines the challenging user perspectives in designing and developing high value added mobile services. The aim of this research is to develop reference models and elicit user requirements for 3G and beyond mobile services in order to improve the quality of mobile services.
This thesis first examines the existing architectures and models for high value added mobile services, followed by the contributions of the thesis. In this thesis, a Cyberworld model, which is a contribution to the WWRF reference modeling initiative and a specification of the WSI reference model, was developed and it serves as a basis for 3G and beyond mobile services design and development. A series of definitions of the Cyberworld model and a roadmap of the enabling technologies were also built up. The emphasis of this part is on how to describe and model user participation in mobile services. For this purpose, a model of the communication element to represent the components of the wireless world was created. Both static and dynamic reference modeling steps were established to better describe and understand user participation in mobile services. The validation was achieved through the CyPhone navigation mobile service. In order to enhance mobile service mobility, personalisation, and security, an ontology based model was developed to extend the Cyberworld model functionalities. The innovative ontology based mobile system will greatly increase service mobility, personalisation and security, thus improving the quality of mobile services. The ontology based model was illustrated and validated using a healthcare mobile service.
A Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach was adopted in this research in order to elicit, weigh and prioritise actual user requirements and link them to technical design requirements of mobile services. Traditionally QFD is employed in manufacturing industry. This approach is now extended to the mobile service industry for the first time. In this thesis, a detailed step by step QFD approach was proposed for designing high value added mobile services. As a result, the developed mobile services will better meet users' wants and needs which also means that the quality of mobile services will be significantly improved. The QFD approach was validated through a mobile e-learning service and another dedicated healthcare service for senior citizens.
Through development of reference models and examination of user requirements for 3G and beyond mobile services from user perspectives, this thesis contributes to the design and development of high value added mobile services.
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Schwarz, Silvia. "Aspects of form and function : with some reference to Warlpiri and Latin /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms399.pdf.
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Korden, Stephan Verfasser], Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] [Leonhard, and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Roth. "Molecular density functional theory based on a hard particle reference potential / Stephan Korden ; Kai Leonhard, Roland Roth." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1127337076/34.
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Peolsson, Annelie. "Functional analysis of the cervical spine : reliability, reference data and outcome after anterior cervical decompression and fusion /." Linköping, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med738s.pdf.
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Holmes, Robin. "Analysis of functional neuroimaging : effects of preprocessing on outcome measures with particular reference to single subject response." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555625.
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Functional neuroimaging analysis is generally applied to studies of groups of subjects. The most commonly used imaging modality is functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) and most software packages are designed mainly for the analysis of fMRI data of task-based studies. The same software and approaches to analysis are also applied to other modalities, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and to different study types, such as the detection of abnormalities in individual brain scans by comparison with a normal database. The validation and optimization of individual parts of processing and complete analyses usually relies on the use of well-characterised human, modified human or simulated data. Work presented in this thesis employs well-characterized human data for the optimization of a study involving the administration of high doses of a drug to subjects. Imaging data was acquired using two complementary pharmacological magnetic resonance (MR) techniques - arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD). After optimization, the concordance between the two techniques and overall sensitivity was shown to be improved. The application of optimization techniques with respect to areas such as ageing, image registration and count scaling has been demonstrated to markedly improve the reliability and sensitivity of the voxel-based techniques. Because there are issues surrounding the comparability of datasets acquired on different cameras, using a printed subresolution phantom has been shown to be useful in the investigation of the imaging characteristics of different systems. In conclusion, this work has demonstrated the importance of optimization and simulation across a number of different studies with a particular focus on single subjects. The range, scope and complexity of neuroimaging studies can be expected to increase in the future in response to the ageing population, increasing computer power and improved understanding for disorders affecting the brain.
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Dige, Niels. "Neuropsychological tests and functional impairment in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorders with special reference to memory disturbance /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-780-1/.
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Böhlander, Marcus. "Design and Safety Analysis ofEmergency Brake System forAutonomous Formula Car : In Reference to Functional Safety ISO 26262." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-243285.
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The engineering competition Formula Student has introduced a Driverless Vehicle (DV)class, which requires the students to develop a car that can autonomously make its wayaround a cone track. To ensure the safety of such a vehicle, an Emergency Brake System(EBS) is required. The EBS shall ensure transition to safe state for detection of a singlefailure mode. This thesis work covers the design of the EBS for KTH Formula Student(KTH FS).Due to the safety critical character of this system, the software part of the EBS, calledEBS Supervisor, has been analyzed in accordance with the safety standard ISO 26262 tosee if an improved safety could be achieved. The analysis has been perform according toPart 3: Concept phase of ISO 26262 with an item definition, Hazard Analysis and RiskAssessment (HARA), Functional Safety Concept (FSC) and Technical Safety Concept(TSC).The result of the analysis showed that the EBS Supervisor requires extensive redundanciesin order to follow ISO 26262. This includes an additional CPU as well as signal checksof inputs and outputs. Due to limited resources in terms of money and time within theKTH FS team, these redundancies will not be implemented. The process of working withthe safety standard did however inspire an increased safety mindset.Ingenjörstävlingen Formula Student har introducerat en förarlös tävlingsklass (eng:Driverless Vehicle) som innebär att studenterna ska utveckla en bil som autonomt kan tasig runt en konbana. För att försäkra sig om säkerheten för ett sådant fordon krävs ettnödbromssystem (eng: Emergency Brake System (EBS)). EBS:en skall försäkra att enövergång till ett säkert tillstånd sker då ett singulärt fel upptäcks. Det här examensarbetetbehandlar designen av EBS:en för KTH Formula Student.På grund av den säkerhetskritiska karaktären hos detta system har mjukvarudelen avEBS:en, kallad EBS Supervisor, blivit analyserad utifrån säkerhetsstandarden ISO 26262för att se om en förbättrad säkerhet kunde uppnås. Analysen har blivit genomfördenligt Del 3: Konceptfas av ISO 26262 med item definition, Hazard Analysis and RiskAssessment, Functional Safety Concept och Technical Safety Concept.Resultatet av analysen visade att EBS Supervisor kräver omfattande redundanser föratt uppfylla ISO 26262. Detta inkluderar en extra CPU såväl som kontroller av inochutsignaler. På grund av begränsade resurser i form av pengar och tid inom KTHFS, valdes dessa redundanser att inte implementeras. Processen av att arbeta medsäkerhetsstandarden har dock inspirerat ett ökat säkerhetstänk.
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Korden, Stephan [Verfasser], Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Leonhard, and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Roth. "Molecular density functional theory based on a hard particle reference potential / Stephan Korden ; Kai Leonhard, Roland Roth." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1127337076/34.
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Wetherly, Paul. "Marxism, history and the state : a critical examination of Marxist theory with particular reference to functional explanation." Thesis, Teesside University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259796.
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Andersson, Ronnie M. "Imaging studies of cell physiology with particular reference to Na,K-ATPase function /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-478-X/.
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Tonkonogi, Michail. "Mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle : with special reference to exercise and training /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4264-1/.
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Stanojevic, Sanja. "Development and use of international reference centiles for lung function in early childhood." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18027/.
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Traditionally, in older children and adults, spirometry has been an integral part of the clinical assessment of respiratory diseases; however these tests are relatively novel for preschool children. Like most medical observations, reliable interpretation of spirometry testing in very young children are accompanied by a relative dearth of suitable reference data. To address the lack of appropriate spirometry reference data for young children, this thesis aims to collate available spirometry data from healthy children to develop updated reference centiles for this age group. The Asthma UK collaborative group contributed >10 000 spirometry measurements in healthy children between 2-10 years. These data were used to develop more spirometry centiles using the LMS method with the GAMLSS technique. To address the discontinous paediatric and adult equations, the highly flexible modelling techniques were also applied to develop the first continuous and smoothly changing spirometry centiles between 4-80 years. In this case, the American NHANES Ill dataset was extended with paediatric data and re-modelled. The resulting centiles improved the interpretation of spirometry during childhood and early adolescence. Application of these centiles in clinical practice should facilitate more accurate detection and quantification of lung disease in both children and adults. Furthermore, this thesis provides a foundation from which future international studies can be established to maintain an up-to-date database of reference data for lung function.
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Cardoso, Luciano Carvalho [UNIFESP]. "Linguagem e verdade: uma análise da lógica de Frege." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39266.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Em “Sobre o Sentido e a Referência”, Frege anuncia uma ruptura com seus trabalhos anteriores, notadamente a Conceitografia, na qual ele havia assumido que a igualdade era referente aos nomes e sinais representativos dos objetos. Como consequência dessa negação, Frege apresenta a estrutura de Sentido e Referência, como alternativa às possibilidades anteriormente apresentadas. Em decorrência dessa ruptura, a dimensão da filosofia analítica desenvolvida por Frege se amplia, revelando um complexo sistema no qual o verdadeiro se torna o ponto fundamental. Mostramos que, no processo de reformulação do significado do verdadeiro, Frege diferencia, ainda nos Fundamentos da Aritmética, o domínio do campo objetivo efetivo do campo objetivo não-efetivo, espaço lógico no qual as leis do ser verdadeiro encontram lugar como referência para as proposições que expressam o pensamento analítico. Visamos demonstrar que, partindo dessa fundamentação inicial, o autor almeja estabelecer uma conexão ontológica entre o pensamento e as leis do ser verdadeiro, o que lhe permite distinguir, em “Sobre o Sentido e Referência”, o pensamento que expressa uma representação ou ideia, pertencente ao domínio subjetivo, do pensamento que expressa as leis do ser verdadeiro, e que podem ser transmitidas em gerações, por pertencerem ao domínio objetivo não-efetivo. Buscamos estabelecer uma conexão entre essas diretrizes e a concepção de pensamento fregiano, justificando a composição deste como sendo uma estrutura que atende ao princípio de saturação, que não se articula na forma sujeito/predicado e que, para poder atender à necessidade lógica de passar do sentido para a referência e ser nomeado como o verdadeiro, se articula com a lógica extensional e, em um sentido ainda mais intrínseco, com uma lógica da existência, que surge como a estrutura basilar na qual se fundamenta o juízo, e sem o qual não poderia haver a validação ontológica do pensamento analítico de Frege.
In “On Sense and Reference”, Frege announces a break with his previous works, notably Ideography, in which he had assumed that equality was referring to the names and signals representative of the objects. As a result of this denial, Frege presents the structure of Sense and Reference, as an alternative to possibilities previously presented. Due to this break, the dimension of analytic philosophy developed by Frege expands, revealing a complex system in which the true becomes the key point. We show that, in the process of recasting the meaning of true, Frege differentiates, still in the Foundations of Arithmetic, the domain of effective objective field of the noneffective objective field , the logical space in which the laws of true being has a place as a reference to the propositions expressing analytical thinking. We aim to demonstrate that, based on this initial foundation, the author aims to establish an ontological connection between the thought and the laws of true being, allowing him to distinguish, in “On Sense and Reference”, the thought that expresses an idea or representation, belonging to subjective realm, of thought which expresses the laws of true being, and that can be transmitted in generations, because they belong to the non-effective objective field. We strive to establish a connection between these guidelines and the conception of fregian thought, justifying the composition of this as being a structure that follows the principle of saturation, which is not articulated in the form subject / predicate, and that in order to meet the logical necessity of moving beyond of sense to reference and be named as the true, articulates with the extensional logic and, in a more intrinsic meaning , with a logic of existence that emerges as the framework in which the judgment is based , and without which it could not be the ontological validation of analytical thinking Frege.
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Biemiller, Richard Andrew. "Influence of Structural Disturbance on Stream Function and Macroinvertebrate Communities in Upper Coastal Plain Headwater Streams." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/25.
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Freshwater is a resource under threat due to anthropogenic actions. Stream restoration is a common method for mitigating disturbance. Inconsistent methodologies used for evaluating restorations have drawn criticism. Limited use of baseline data for guiding stream restoration activities is of particular concern. This study was developed to elucidate metrics that differentiate reference and disturbed sites in Upper Coastal Plain streams. This information could improve resource use and successes of restorations. Structural and functional variables were examined in 10 reference and 10 streams that meet the traditional definition of disturbance and would be restoration priorities. Disturbed streams were classified into two regimes, temporal, based on time since disturbance, and categorical, based on disturbance cause. Some metrics of geomorphology, water chemistry and macroinvertebrates differentiated reference from disturbed regimes and while other metrics separated streams within disturbance regimes. Surprisingly, leaf decay rate was not an effective metric for determining disturbance. However, macroinvertebrate leaf pack colonizers were found to be useful for differentiating reference sites and disturbance regimes. Of the 10 disturbed streams this study examined, my data suggests that only three are in immediate need of restoration. This study emphasizes the importance of baseline data and its potential benefits for guiding stream restoration.
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MacRobert, Iain. "Black Pentecostalism : its origins, functions and theology : with special reference to a Midland borough." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1989. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4961/.
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While the immediate origins of 20th century Pentecostalism are in the Wesleyan-Holiness movement and in that form of Afro American Christianity which developed during slavery, some of its roots go back to West Africa. What began among a small black Christian group in Los Angeles in 1906 has now become a world-wide phenomenon which has spread to the Caribbean and from there to Britain. Black settlers primarily from rural Jamaica - arrived in urban England to face the racism and rejection, not only of the wider society but also of the white denominations. With them they brought types of Pentecostal ism which are similar to and in some ways quite different from, both the mainstream denominations and white indigenous Pentecostalism. Some of the black Pentecostal congregations established in the Borough of Wolverhampton remain tied to white North American headquarters while others are free from white control or influence with a concomitantly greater emphasis on certain black leitmotive.
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Zhou, Jiayang. "The reference functions of digital hospice care apps from a Serious Game theory perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15813.
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The thesis identifies a multiplicity of existing challenges and dilemmas in the hospice care field, such as the increasing demands, limited access, difficulties caused from people with life-limiting conditions living at home and other concerns. The thesis proposes a way of combining the advantages of Serious Games and mobile apps to possibly solve some challenges, namely, a digital app designed for patients from a Serious Game perspective, which could be a complement of current hospice care services and assist in remote hospice care. The analysis of existing resources exposes a lack of hospice care apps containing game elements and designed for patients. The thesis therefore formulates two criteria and conducts a review of apps in health & fitness category in the Swedish App Store. Criterion 1 is for identifying the apps and functions that meet the needs of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Criterion 2 is for making sure the functions selected containing game elements. The thesis identifies and lists 85 eligible functions and provides brief summaries and analyses. These outcomes can be considered as Reference functions for improving existing hospice care apps and inspiring future researchers and designers.
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Caulfield-Browne, Mark. "The application of spline functions for kinematic motion design with particular reference to cam mechanisms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239929.
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Rabab'A, Moh'd Ghazi. "The expansion of trademark functions with particular reference to online keywords advertising : the European experience." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-expansion-of-trademark-functions-with-particular-reference-to-online-keywords-advertisingthe-european-experience(3a239549-8cc4-4808-a585-882c43bf3252).html.
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The primary purpose of a trademark is to facilitate the communication of information between consumers and producers about their products and services to those who wish or need to buy them. The consumer needs to be able to depend on the message the mark conveys to ensure they are purchasing what will fulfil their requirements. In the modern market place, the choice appears endless, and indeed the principles of free trade espoused by the European treaties has heightened the opportunities for cross-national traders to sell their goods, and increased the options available to consumers. When this occurs, so does the availability of information which a purchaser may find the need to seek through to ascertain what he or she wants in an complex and often confusing exercise in differentiation. It is therefore in the interests of producers and customers that those who manufacture goods or provide services develop a mark which identifies their wares and helps provide feedback measured by success; consequently an exchange of information. Consumers are able to make their preferences known via choice, or otherwise, of the mark. Modern business methods and the vast array of marketing opportunities are not only placing the role and function of the trademark at the forefront of consumer protection, but also developing the concept of the mark as an asset of considerable value in itself. This increases its vulnerability to competitive interference and the proposition that it should receive enhanced protection in law. Somewhat perversely, it has resulted in a body of legislation and jurisprudence which lacks cogency and coherence. The purpose of this thesis, accordingly, is to examine the causes thereof by evaluating the current European trademarks protection system to ascertain the contribution they actually make to promotion of free competition and the movement of goods or services upon which that substantial market is predicated. It will examine the impact of the development of protection granted to the trademark with particular reference to the use of online keywords advertising service and focus on the effect of relatively new theories of what functions qualify to be shielded from harm from competitive others. This has expanded beyond the conventional boundaries of source ‘origin’ protection, espoused to primarily protect consumers from confusion in their choice making process. Advertising and investment functions as separate principle are recognised by the Court of Justice of the European Union, but do not appear to qualify for safeguarding in the context of the competitive free market. In fact, it will be shown that giving excessive shelter from harm to all functions which may affect the value of the trademark will limit, even jeopardise, third party competitor and consumer issues. It will inhibit the use of the e-commerce online keywords advertising service which assists third parties to promote alternative competing goods or services and so reduce consumer choice by restriction of online information. It is suggested that proper, clear defences must be guaranteed under the law so third parties may gauge their actions to avoid infringement of trademark owner rights whilst promoting their own products, and accordingly strike the necessary balance between the different competing interests of trademark owners, third parties competitors, and consumers.
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Botha, Yolande Vanessa. "Specification in the English nominal group with reference to student writing / Yolande Vanessa Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8242.
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In this thesis the structure of the nominal group in Black South African English (BSAfE)
is investigated by means of a comparison of data from the Tswana Learner English
Corpus (TLEC) and the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS). Both
corpora consist of student essays and are sub-corpora of the International Corpus of
Learner English (ICLE). The TLEC represents a non-native variety of English, namely
BSAfE, while LOCNESS represents native English from the United States and the
United Kingdom.
In the existing literature there are observations about and examples of (non-standard)
characterizing features of BSAfE pertaining to nouns, determiners and quantifiers (e.g.
Gough 1996), but until now, no in-depth study of the grammar of the nominal group in
BSAfE has been undertaken. This study is an attempt to fill that gap. I present a
description of the grammatical features of BSAfE observed in the corpus data in terms
of linguistic functions and without assuming that they are errors or evidence of
deficiencies. Though the approach is comparative (in the sense that a control corpus is
used), it is primarily descriptive and non-normative, and as such, function-based. This
study is conducted within the theoretical framework of functional linguistics, drawing on
systemic functional linguistics as well as other functional and cognitive approaches to
language.
The specifying functions that the nominal group and its elements may fulfill form the
basis of the descriptive framework. These functions are (1) the type-specifying function
of the noun, (2) the (referent-)specifying function of the determiner, (3) quantification
and (4) quality specification by modifiers and complements. The type-specifying
function of the noun is particularly relevant in Chapter 4, which deals with the
grammatical patterns of the noun people, although it also informs analyses in Chapters
5 and 6 which deal with determiners and quantification respectively. Quality
specification is especially relevant in the description of the grammatical patterns of the
noun people.
The noun people is the most frequent noun in each of the corpora, but is at the same
time a positive keyword in the TLEC, which means that it occurs much more frequently
in the TLEC than in LOCNESS. Analysis of the full corpus concordances of this noun
provides much evidence of anti-deletion in BSAfE (as first postulated by Mesthrie, 2006) and also sheds some light on left dislocation patterns involving the noun people
(cf. Mesthrie, 1997). This analysis also reveals unique uses of the definite article and
certain quantifying constructions in the TLEC data, which are investigated in the next
two analysis chapters.
A comparison of concordance samples of the articles indicates that the
definite/indefinite distinction is made in both corpora and that there is not enough
corpus evidence to postulate that there is a different system underlying the choice of
article in BSAfE, such as a system based principally on the specific/non-specific
distinction, as postulated by Platt, Weber and Ho (1984) for New Englishes in general.
Analysis of the concordances of demonstrative and possessive determiners indicate
that these determiners are used proportionally more frequently in the TLEC than in
LOCNESS. Concordances of the words that are normally classified as quantifiers
indicate that there are many more partitive-of quantifying constructions in the TLEC
than in LOCNESS. The words some and most are positive keywords in the TLEC.
After analyses of their concordances, it is concluded that their relative frequency can
be attributed to the fact that some is often used merely as an indefinite marker and that
most is often used as a synonym for many.
The study shows that BSAfE largely shares its general grammar of the nominal group
with other (including native) varieties of English, but at a finer level of analysis, some
characteristic constructions and uses are detected. The corpus data indicate that the
unique constructions in the TLEC data are mostly functionally motivated. These
constructions represent conventionalized innovations in the sense used by Van Rooy
(2010), rather than mere language learning errors.Thesis (PhD (Linguistics and Literary Theory))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
45
Yiannakas, Aristodemos. "Outsourcing the internal audit function with special reference to the UK public and private sectors." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8165/.
Full textAbstract:
Although not a new phenomenon on the business scene. outsourcing nowadays is occurring on a much broader scale and usually encompasses a wide variety of traditionally in-house activities. There is no doubt that in many cases outsourcing has created new ways and opportunities for growth. It has given organisations the chance to secure high quality services at a lower cost and it has even enabled them to concentrate on their core activities instead of devoting their, at times, scarce resources on peripheral ones. Having to compete in an increasingly global market amid growing antagonism, has forced organisations to harness the benefits of outsourcing while at the same time mitigate many of its potentially damaging effects (e. g. low employee moral, loss of control over the outsourced activity, etc). Evidence suggest that outsourcing has been extensively used in a plethora of activities which are often closely allied with or supporting the organisation's core business. One of the activities that has recently become a target for outsourcing is the internal audit function. This thesis incorporates a comprehensive literature review on the subject of outsourcing in general and that of internal audit in particular. It also includes a detailed analysis of data from a survey that was carried-out in the UK between May and July 1999. In this survey, a number of Finance and Audit Directors from both the public and private sectors took part. From the survey results it is clearly evident that the outsourcing phenomenon is not only limited to the private sector alone. In fact, the public sector has not been left untouched by the outsourcing frenzy either. Apart from looking at the factors acting as the main driving force behind the decision to outsource the internal audit function, the thesis also examines how internal audit is perceived and the likely impact an outsourcing decision may have on auditors' independence and the quality of internal audit service. Results indicate that the respondents consider internal audit to be both a `core' and an `essential' activity. What is also apparent from the results is the perceived value of internal audit, with the clear majority of organisations either having an internal audit function in-house or receiving the service from an outside provider. The main motivating factor behind the decision to outsource the internal audit function has been identified to be the `access to internal auditors with specialised skills. While an auditor with specialist skills may be needed in many cases, adding such a person to the permanent staff is often quite expensive, particularly if his/her skills are required for only a short period of time every year. The research also shows that organisations are, in general, satisfied with the quality of the provided service. One third of the organisations with an in-house internal audit function. stated that in the future at least some, if not all, of their internal audit function could be provided by an outside service provider. Despite showing their preference towards the services of the 'big five' public accounting firms, a significant number of organisations may still consider the use of a specialised internal audit provider'. The use of the same provider for both the internal and external audit services inevitably raises questions regarding the issue of independence and although the majority of organisations outsourcing the internal audit function use two separate providers, not all of them believe that independence is compromised when using one provider.
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Lewis, Philip Nigel. "The morphology and function of the peritoneum in lower vertebrates with special reference to teleosts." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391492.
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Hsieh, Ming-Chuan. "An investigation of a Bayesian decision-theoretic procedure in the context of mastery tests." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/127.
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Sá, Jammara Oliveira Vasconcelos de. "Argumentação e processo referencial anafórico no anúncio publicitário de cosmético." www.teses.ufc.br, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8928.
Full textAbstract:
SÁ, Jammara Oliveira Vasconcelos de. Argumentação e processo referencial anafórico no anúncio publicitário de cosmético. 2014. 191f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2014.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-27T12:54:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_jovsa.pdf: 4348175 bytes, checksum: ba839ddad13cf394dc1e1bdf08bfffe0 (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-27T16:33:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_jovsa.pdf: 4348175 bytes, checksum: ba839ddad13cf394dc1e1bdf08bfffe0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
This research aims to discuss how the argumentative techniques and the discursive functions found in the processing of anaphoric reference act in the conduct for argumentation in the genre of cosmetic advertisement. For that purpose, we have used the qualitative research method and analyzed 30 cosmetics advertisement texts collected from the following brand names’ websites: Natura (www.natura.net/), Avon (http://www.avon.com.br), Água de cheiro (http://www.aguadecheiro.com.br) and Boticário (http://internet.boticario.com.br). In this research we have assumed the theoretical framework defended by The New Rethoric (PERELMAN; TYTECA, 2005) and by Referentation (MONDADA, L.; DUBOIS, 2003; KOCH, 2004; CIULLA E SILVA, 2008 and CAVALCANTE, 2006, 2011) in order to analyze the phenomena in our sample. Our study reveals that the arguments made through identification, definition, analyticity, division, probability, pragmatism, authority, illustration, example, metaphor and the argument through dissociation of concepts, which are techniques found in The New Rethoric, play an important part in the texture of the cosmetic advertisement genre. Regarding the analysis of the discursive functions found in the processing of anaphoric reference, our study shows that the group of six functions: organization of parts of the text, metadiscourse, discursive heterogeneity, memory activation, introduction of new information and aesthetics/ stylistics effects have shown to be very productive, thus indicating that cosmetics advertisements have proved fertile ground for the study of referential processes and their discursive functions. Therefore the discursive and textual resources are used by the advertisers as a way to represent the feminine universe aiming to convince the female consumers of the advantages of the advertised cosmetics and motivate them to buy such cosmetics as a way to live up to the feminine standards established by post-modern society.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir como as técnicas argumentativas e as funções discursivas do processo referencial anafórico atuam na condução argumentativa do gênero anúncio publicitário de cosmético. Para isso, nos valemos do método qualitativo e analisamos 30 textos de anúncios publicitários de cosméticos, coletados dos sites das marcas Natura (www.natura.net/), Avon (http://www.avon.com.br), Água de cheiro (http://www.aguadecheiro.com.br) e Boticário (http://internet.boticario.com.br). Nesta pesquisa, assumimos como arcabouço teórico os pressupostos defendidos pela Nova Retórica (PERELMAN; TYTECA, 2005) e pela Referenciação (MONDADA, L.; DUBOIS, 2003; KOCH, 2004; CIULLA E SILVA, 2008 e CAVALCANTE, 2006, 2011) para a análise dos fenômenos mencionados que compõem nossa amostra. Nosso estudo revela que os argumentos pela identificação, definição, analiticidade, divisão, probabilidades, pragmático, autoridade, ilustração, exemplo, a metáfora e o argumento pela dissociação das noções, técnicas da Nova Retórica, ocupam posição de destaque na tessitura do gênero anúncio publicitário de cosmético. No que concerne à análise das funções discursivas do processo referencial anafórico, nosso trabalho mostra que o grupo das seis funções: organização de partes do texto, metadiscursividade, marcação de heterogeneidade discursiva, ativação da memória, introdução de informações novas e efeitos estético-estilísticos se mostram bastante produtivas, demonstrando, nesse caso, o quanto os anúncios de cosméticos representam um terreno fértil para o estudo dos processos referenciais e suas funções discursivas. Assim, os recursos textual-discursivos são usados pelos anunciantes para representar o universo feminino, tencionando convencer as consumidoras das vantagens dos cosméticos anunciados e estimulá-las a comprar os cosméticos para atender aos padrões femininos estabelecidos pela sociedade pós-moderna.
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Gan, Zhilin. "The structure and functional properties of gas cells in wheat bread dough with special reference to the use of wholemeal flour." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242897.
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Mullins, K. June. "A study of the functional anatomy of the bovine cervix with special reference to the epithelium, mucus secretion and sperm transport." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50068.
Full textAbstract:
Anatomical features of bovine cervical epithelium were investigated with respect to mucus secretion and sperm transport. Techniques included: 1. Surface staining of fixed tissue blocks in Harris' hematoxylin followed by steriomicroscopic examination, 2. Model construction from serial sections using both computer-aided and plexiglas assembly of epithelial tracings, 3. Histochemical investigation using five follicular phase animals (four bred naturally 8 to 12-h before slaughter) and three luteal phase animals. Cross-sections of two samples from each quarter cervix were stained with (1) Alcian blue (AB) at pH 1.0 (sulfomucins) and at pH 2.5 (sialomucins and sulfomucins); (2) periodic acid Schiff (PAS) (neutral mucins) and AB (pH 2.5); (4) high iron diamine (HID) (neutral and sulfomucins) with AB (pH 2.5). Additional samples were processed for ultrastructural examination. The mucosa was characterized by longitudinal primary and secondary folds which maintained continuity throughout the cervix, with numerous tertiary shallow ’grooves’ apparent on all epithelial surfaces. No evidence was found suggesting blind-ending glands or crypts. Staining results in follicular animals indicated a predominance of neutral and sulfated mucins in apical areas with secreted mucins extending as sheets from these areas toward the central canal. In basal areas (within grooves) sialomucin production was predominant with secreted mucins evident within grooves and between neutral mucin layers. In luteal phase animals, sulfated and neutral mucins were abundant in both basal and apical areas, while sialomucin production was decreased. Using light and transmission electron microscopy, spermatozoa observed within the cervix appeared unidirectionally opposed to ciliary beat. Suggested privileged paths for the transport of viable spermatozoa are within grooves, where sialomucins were most predominant.Master of Science
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