Journal articles: 'Functional references'

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Kagawa, Koji. "Compositional references for stateful functional programming." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 32, no. 8 (August 1997): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258949.258969.

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Kokoszka, Piotr. "Dependent Functional Data." ISRN Probability and Statistics 2012 (October 16, 2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/958254.

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This paper reviews recent research on dependent functional data. After providing an introduction to functional data analysis, we focus on two types of dependent functional data structures: time series of curves and spatially distributed curves. We review statistical models, inferential methodology, and possible extensions. The paper is intended to provide a concise introduction to the subject with plentiful references.

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Lienemann, A., D. Sprenger, U. Janßen, C. Anthuber, and M. Reiser. "Functional MRI of the pelvic floor. Method and references values." Der Gynäkologe 34, no. 1 (January 23, 2001): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001290050673.

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Börjars, Kersti. "Lexical-Functional Grammar: An Overview." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-062419-125014.

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Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) is a model for the analysis of language in which different types of linguistic information are represented in separate dimensions, each with its own formalism. These dimensions are linked by mapping principles. In this article, I describe the architecture of the model and illustrate some dimensions of information and the mapping between them in more detail. I also provide an outline of the analysis of long-distance dependencies and control to illustrate the advantages of this type of model. I briefly mention some further areas where LFG has proven to be a useful tool for analysis and provide references for the reader to follow up.

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Wang, Feng, Tang, and Li. "Genome-Wide Investigation and Functional Analysis of Sus scrofa RNA Editing Sites across Eleven Tissues." Genes 10, no. 7 (July 10, 2019): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10070520.

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Sengupta, P., and B. B. Chaudhuri. "A "Generalized" Lexical Functional Grammar-Based Processing of an Indian Language — Bangla." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 12, no. 05 (August 1998): 695–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001498000403.

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An efficient LFG parser implementation of Indian languages in general and Bangla in particular has been discussed. It has been shown that the classical technique of nonconfigurational syntactic encoding principles lead to too many disjunctive constraints to be satisfied by the parser. Noting that most of the disjunctions do not exist if an a priori knowledge of the verb is available, a "delayed" syntactic encoding formalism has been proposed. The points of syntactic encoding of noun phrases have been treated a "forward references" that are to be temporarily maintained in a "symbol table" for later precipitation. The proposed solution has two parts. The first part deals with identification of forward reference points, which is done by introducing a new metavariable and augmenting the scope of the Locate operator. The second part deals with precipitation of forward references through special schemata called m-structure schemata projected by the verb. An extension of the solution to one type of Bangla complex sentences has also been proposed (in the Appendix). Implementation notes based on object-oriented programming principles have been provided.

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Byszewski, Ludwik, and Haydar Akca. "On a mild solution of a semilinear functional-differential evolution nonlocal problem." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 10, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953397000336.

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The existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of a mild solution of a nonlocal Cauchy problem for a semilinear functional-differential evolution equation in a general Banach space are studied. Methods of a C0 semigroup of operators and the Banach contraction theorem are applied. The result obtained herein is a generalization and continuation of those reported in references [2-8].

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Keizer, Evelien. "Idiomatic expressions and anaphoric reference in functional discourse grammar." Quaderns de Filologia - Estudis Lingüístics 23, no. 23 (December 24, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/qf.23.13527.

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This paper deals with a special type of anaphoric relation that consists in a reference through/to a part of a fixed idiomatic experience. It is proved that, contrary to what is generally assumed, such references are not necessarily grammatically or stylistically marked. Instead, they are part of several productive usage patterns. With corpus data and a discursive-functional grammatical approach, I provide a theoretically-substantiated analysis of each of these patterns. This analysis shows their production and interpretation processes, accounts for their systematicity and productivity, and puts forth an explanatory proposal of the cognitive effort and communicative advantages of their use.

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Tani, Junji, Toshiyuki Takagi, and Jinhao Qiu. "Intelligent Material Systems: Application of Functional Materials." Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3099019.

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This article presents a review of recent important developments in the field of intelligent material systems. Intelligent material systems, sometimes referred to as smart materials, can adjust their behavior to changes of external or internal parameters analogously to biological systems. In these systems, sensors, actuators and controllers are seamlessly integrated with structural materials at the macroscopic or mesoscopic level. In general, sensors and actuators are made of functional materials and fluids such as piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, shape memory alloys, polymer hydrogels, electro- and magneto-rheological fluids and so on. This article is specifically focused on the application of piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials and shape memory alloys to intelligent material systems used to control the deformation, vibration and fracture of composite materials and structures. This review article contains 188 references.

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Labuda, Iwo. "Disjointly Additive Operators and Modular Spaces." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 42, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1990-026-5.

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By now the literature concerning the representation of disjointly additive functionals and operators is quite extensive. A few entries on the subject are [6, 7, 8, 11, 20, 21]. In [7, 8, 17] further references can be found, in [7] the “prehistory” of the subject is also discussed.To quote a typical result, we may take a 1967 theorem of Drewnowski and Orlicz ([6] Th. 3.2, [17] 12.4) which asserts that, under proper assumptions, an abstract modular (= disjointly countably additive functional) p on a “substantial“ subspace D of L° can be realized by the formula .

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Wang, Zhi Ping, Ai Dong Xu, Yan Song, and Bing Jun Yan. "Design and Develop of Functional Safety Temperature Transmitter for Fault Status." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1272.

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According to the requirements of the functional safety temperature transmitter high reliability, this paper selects the micro-power voltage reference, the reset monitor, the D-type flip-flop and the OR gate to design the functional safety temperature transmitter protection circuit for fault status. The protection circuit takes power from the data line of HART fieldbus by micro-power voltage references. According to the control signal of the functional safety transmitter, the protection circuit utilizes the state latch of D-type flip-flop, and realizes the functional safety temperature transmitter protection circuit for fault status.

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Luo, Zhi Min, and Bei Fei Chen. "Asymptotic Behavior for Nonoscillatory Solutions of Second Order Nonlinear Functional Differential Equation." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 2137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.2137.

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This paper studied the asymptotic behavior of a class of nonlinear functional differential equations by using the Bellman-Bihari inequality. We obtain results which extend and complement those in references. The results indicate that all non-oscillatory continuable solutions of equation are asymptotic to at+b as under some sufficient conditions, where a,b are real constants. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the results.

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Mehlhorn, Hendrik, Matthias Lange, Uwe Scholz, and Falk Schreiber. "IDPredictor: predict database links in biomedical database." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2012-190.

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Summary Knowledge found in biomedical databases, in particular in Web information systems, is a major bioinformatics resource. In general, this biological knowledge is worldwide represented in a network of databases. These data is spread among thousands of databases, which overlap in content, but differ substantially with respect to content detail, interface, formats and data structure. To support a functional annotation of lab data, such as protein sequences, metabolites or DNA sequences as well as a semi-automated data exploration in information retrieval environments, an integrated view to databases is essential. Search engines have the potential of assisting in data retrieval from these structured sources, but fall short of providing a comprehensive knowledge excerpt out of the interlinked databases. A prerequisit of supporting the concept of an integrated data view is to acquire insights into cross-references among database entities. This issue is being hampered by the fact, that only a fraction of all possible cross-references are explicitely tagged in the particular biomedical informations systems. In this work, we investigate to what extend an automated construction of an integrated data network is possible. We propose a method that predicts and extracts cross-references from multiple life science databases and possible referenced data targets. We study the retrieval quality of our method and report on first, promising results. The method is implemented as the tool IDPredictor, which is published under the DOI 10.5447/IPK/2012/4 and is freely available using the URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5447/IPK/2012/4.

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Su, Yu-Lin, and Shang-Hsiu Hu. "Functional Nanoparticles for Tumor Penetration of Therapeutics." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040193.

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Theranostic nanoparticles recently received great interest for uniting unique functions to amplify therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. Despite the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which amplifies the accumulation of nanoparticles at the site of a tumor, tumor heterogeneity caused by the dense extracellular matrix of growing cancer cells and the interstitial fluid pressure from abnormal angiogenesis in the tumor inhibit drug/particle penetration, leading to inhomogeneous and limited treatments. Therefore, nanoparticles for penetrated delivery should be designed with different strategies to enhance efficacy. Many strategies were developed to overcome the obstacles in cancer therapy, and they can be divided into three main parts: size changeability, ligand functionalization, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the results of ameliorated tumor penetration approaches and amplified therapeutic efficacy in nanomedicines. As the references reveal, further study needs to be conducted with comprehensive strategies with broad applicability and potential translational development.

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15

García-Altés, Anna, and Esther Jovell. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TREATMENT OF FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 17, no. 4 (October 2001): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462301107075.

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the quality of economic analysis studies published in the medical and economical literature assessing the clinical management of functional dyspepsia.Methods: Bibliographic search in the main biomedical databases, in articles from bibliographic references, health technology assessment reports, and in gray literature. A specific protocol with economic and clinical items was designed for the evaluation.Results: Overall, 18 of 162 studies met the inclusion criteria for the assessment. The compared treatment options were very diverse. The main methodologic deficiencies were in perspective of analysis, inclusion of indirect costs, and sources of clinical information.Conclusions: Specific checklists with clinical and economical items may help to better assess the quality of economic analysis in the field of functional dyspepsia. The methodologic rigor in the application of economic analysis techniques, as well as the use of appropriate clinical outcome measures, is essential to guarantee the reproducibility of the studies.

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Alekseev, Alexander. "“Defend your right!” How the populist radical right uses references to rights and freedoms to discursively construct identities." New Perspectives 29, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 376–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2336825x211052973.

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The article explores how the European populist radical right uses references to rights and freedoms in its political discourse. By relying on the findings of the existing research and applying the discourse-historical approach to electoral speeches by Marine Le Pen and Jarosław Kaczyński, the leaders of two very dissimilar EU PRR parties, the Rassemblement National and the Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, the article abductively develops a functional typology of references to rights and freedoms commonly used in discourses of European PRR parties: it suggests that PRR discourses in Europe feature references to the right to sovereignty, citizens’ rights, social rights, and economic rights. Such references are used as a coherent discursive strategy to construct social actors following the PRR ideological core of nativism, authoritarianism, and populism. As the PRR identifies itself with the people, defined along nativist and populist lines, rights are always attributed to it. The PRR represents itself as the defender of the people and its rights, while the elites and the aliens are predicated to threaten the people and its rights. References to rights in PRR discourses intrinsically link the individual with the collective, which allows to construct and promote a populist model of ethnic democracy.

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Liu, Chang, and Yuan Ping Liu. "Study on Space Structure and Characteristic Development under the Urban Functional Orientation - Take the Central Area of Xinzhou as Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 2128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.2128.

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Upon the direction of changes and developments for the urban functional orientation, under the new situation, of Xinzhou, Shanxi province, suggestions and measures are proposed for urban characteristic development of Xinzhou by conducting investigation and evaluation analysis to its current urban space structure, which aims to offer references for the unique functional orientation that urban area of Xinzhou city integrates into Taiyuan metropolitan circle, and characteristic development on space structure.

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Kurkiewicz, Jarosław, Michał Salwa, Anna Majewska, Leszek Żyłka, and Andrzej Kuciak. "Radiation shielding swing door drive control system for linear accelerator bunkers." Letters in Oncology Science 17, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21641/los.2020.17.1.163.

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The paper aims to describe a functional radiation shielding door control system as designed and manufactured by the National Centre for Nuclear Research in Otwock, Poland. Basic principles and normative references as well as a short historical overview of control approaches are described.

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Dotsenko, Evgeniy, Marya Bogdanova, Tatyana Fisher, Sergey Petrov, and Yuri Suhovey. "SYNCHRONIZATION OF IMMUNE AND PSYCHIC SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SOCIAL STRESS." CBU International Conference Proceedings 1 (June 30, 2013): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v1.53.

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The article is devoted to the research of the synchronization of immune and psychic systems providing multilayer (functional) protection in accordance with the identically developed strategies. We have discussed evolution interaction of the systems with the following references: mentality in macroworld and immune system in microworld. Their functional isomorphism maintains the dynamic homeostasis according to the principle of reciprocal control, and during their functioning systems presents not the amount of separate parts but “the whole range of events” effect.

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Passavanti, G., V. Pizzuti, A. Bragaglia, F. M. Costantini, F. Viggiani, A. Buonavia, E. Spinosa, F. Onorato, F. Mengoni, and R. Paolini. "Pharmacocavernosometry as a functional diagnostic test of venous leakage." Urologia Journal 62, no. 3 (June 1995): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039506200315.

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During 1994, 20 patients underwent pharmacocavernosometry because of suspected venous leakage. Only two patients showed evident signs of this syndrome. However, in another 10 patients, who did not show cavernosometric signs of venous leakage, cavernosography manifested opacity of the pudendal veins. Therapy for the two above-mentioned cases was surgical ligation of the crural vessels and of the dorsal vein. Short-term results have been substantially satisfactory. Analysing these cases and taking into account the latest bibliographic references, a prevalently functional pathogenesis of venous leakage can be proposed. Pharmacocavernosometry, as a functional diagnostic exam, although limited, could be the best test presently available to diagnose this syndrome. Cavernosography, being a more anatomic exam, could appear much less significant. The therapy to be proposed is surgery, on its own or supported by pharmacoprosthesis.

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Tugusheva, Anastasia V., and Svetlana V. Piskunova. "Classification of text units with the semantics of references in Russian language system." Neophilology, no. 27 (2021): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2021-7-27-384-392.

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We consider the main qualification features of text units with the semantics of reference to participants in the communicative Russian speech space, taking into account lexical and gram-matical ways of expression. This allows us to determine their differential features and classifica-tion types, reflecting the dynamics in the formation of references in the system of the modern Russian language. We pay special attention to references of different forms, which not only represent the speaker’s attitude to the object of speech, characterize it, but also enhance imagery and emotionality, give us an idea of the author as a linguistic person. We emphasize that conversion should be considered a linguistic universal. It serves the organization and regulation of communication relations. The choice of a particular form of reference reflects the attitude towards the interlocutor, conditioned by a variety of factors. That is why conversion is a socially important component of dialogical speech. We determine the main parameters of the semantic, grammatical and functional features of references based on the materials of linguistic research, as well as the prospects for scientific research in this direction. A survey is conducted on the use of certain forms of references strangers among students of the Derzhavin Tambov State University. Questions related to their perception of the most frequent references in the modern Russian language are proposed. We establish that in modern Russian there is a problem when references a stranger.

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Shi, Li Min, Xiao Li, Yue Ping Wang, and Qiu Yu Li. "Research and Development of Multi-Functional Woven Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.147.

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The materials structures from the regenerated bamboo fiber (namely bamboo pulp fiber), the functional polyester fiber (UV-resistance polyester) and the profiled polyester were analyzed. 28 pieces of fabrics through blending, mixing and matching were designed and woven. The properties including thermal-wet comfort (such as air permeability, moisture permeability and water absorbance etc.) and other functions (such as UV-resistance and anti-bacteria) on those fabrics were tested, discussed and analyzed. The result is that when the radio of the functional polyester reach 45～50 %, the radio of regenerated bamboo fiber in 50 %, the structure is 3/1 or 2/1 twill weave，the double-layer-like tightness woven fabrics avoiding finished and bad hand feel will perform cool , UV-resistance, anti-bacteria multi-function. It will be a good choice to use these fabrics in summer shirts. It will give some references to the development of summer new functional products.

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Uspenskiy, Yury P., and Natalia V. Baryshnikova. "Functional dyspepsia and chronic gastritis." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped9177-83.

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Diseases of upper parts of digestive tract are extremely widespread pathology and have not only the medical, but also social importance since often occur at young working-age people. It is actual to separate the items: functional dyspepsia (FD) and a dyspepsia associated with Helicobacter pylori because it is important for optimization of patient’s treatment. The review of modern foreign and Russian references about treatment of dyspeptic patients depending on existence or absence of an infection of Helicobacter pylori is presented in article (recommendation of V Maastricht consensus, Kyoto consensus, Russian gastroenterological association, Science society of Russian gastroenterologists). At diagnosis of a functional dyspepsia, it is recommended to be guided by the Roman criteria of the IV revision. In with document not only importance of an exception of organic pathology of digestive tract as the reasons of a secondary dyspepsia, but also need of inspection for the purpose of verification of Helicobacter pylori for an exception of an etiological role of a microorganism in development of a dyspepsia is emphasized. Allocation of two clinical options of a functional dyspepsia is also proved from the point of view of approaches to therapy of this disease. Algorithms of treatment of patients with various options of a dyspepsia are presented in article. These algorithms include different schemes of eradication therapy in case of dyspepsia associated with Helicobacter pylori and prokinetics/acid suppressors in case of functional dyspepsia.

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Queirós, Pedro, Polina Novikova, Paul Wilmes, and Patrick May. "Unification of functional annotation descriptions using text mining." Biological Chemistry 402, no. 8 (May 13, 2021): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2021-0125.

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Abstract A common approach to genome annotation involves the use of homology-based tools for the prediction of the functional role of proteins. The quality of functional annotations is dependent on the reference data used, as such, choosing the appropriate sources is crucial. Unfortunately, no single reference data source can be universally considered the gold standard, thus using multiple references could potentially increase annotation quality and coverage. However, this comes with challenges, particularly due to the introduction of redundant and exclusive annotations. Through text mining it is possible to identify highly similar functional descriptions, thus strengthening the confidence of the final protein functional annotation and providing a redundancy-free output. Here we present UniFunc, a text mining approach that is able to detect similar functional descriptions with high precision. UniFunc was built as a small module and can be independently used or integrated into protein function annotation pipelines. By removing the need to individually analyse and compare annotation results, UniFunc streamlines the complementary use of multiple reference datasets.

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Kohn, Kurt W. "Molecular Interaction Map of the Mammalian Cell Cycle Control and DNA Repair Systems." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 8 (August 1999): 2703–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.8.2703.

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Eventually to understand the integrated function of the cell cycle regulatory network, we must organize the known interactions in the form of a diagram, map, and/or database. A diagram convention was designed capable of unambiguous representation of networks containing multiprotein complexes, protein modifications, and enzymes that are substrates of other enzymes. To facilitate linkage to a database, each molecular species is symbolically represented only once in each diagram. Molecular species can be located on the map by means of indexed grid coordinates. Each interaction is referenced to an annotation list where pertinent information and references can be found. Parts of the network are grouped into functional subsystems. The map shows how multiprotein complexes could assemble and function at gene promoter sites and at sites of DNA damage. It also portrays the richness of connections between the p53-Mdm2 subsystem and other parts of the network.

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Hanna Rubinkowska-Anioł. "Ethiopian Renaissance or How to Turn Dysfunctional into Functional." Politeja 15, no. 56 (June 18, 2019): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.56.07.

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African Renaissance is a term which is used to describe new era in African history and strongly serves propaganda reasons. The aim of the article is to analyse the role of this notion in terms of Ethiopia, i.e. how the term is being employed in Ethiopian politics and propaganda. It is stressed that even though the term itself is a new introduction, the idea of building a strong state on the basis of grand tradition has been used in Ethiopian history on several occasions. Nowadays, the best examples of references to Renaissance by the state’s propaganda are to be found in symbolical meaning of the widely discussed and controversial project of construction the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Blue Nile. Other aspects of how the term is being employed can be seen in a propaganda film material produced by the Foreign Ministry of Ethiopia in 2015 with the view to advertise the achievements of the government.

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Mincu, Eugenia. "Mythological References of Greek and Latin Doublets and Terminology." Philologia, no. 2(314) (August 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2021.2(314).12.

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The investigation of the process of establishing the Greco-Latin doublets implies the presence of mythological sources, which offer elucidations from the origin and are important in their semantic-functional design. In this article, we propose the analysis of the Greek-Latin doublet < lat. umbilicus, i, m and < gr. omphalos, es, f „umbilical” (national and international dimensions), a representative doublet in medical terminology, but also modestly productive. Each of the components of the doublet requires personalized investigations (diachronic, synchronic aspects): the Latin component is included in the fundamental vocabulary of the Romanian languages (national terminology); Greek component – in the mass of vocabulary (international terminology). Neological lexical creations (formed on the basis of Greco-Latin doublets) correspond to a universal dimension of the conscious creativity of scientists and denominate specialized medical knowledge.

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Cornish, Francis. "Anadeixis and the signalling of discourse structure." Quaderns de Filologia - Estudis Lingüístics 23, no. 23 (December 24, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/qf.23.13519.

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By “anadeixis” (a termed first coined by Ehlich, 1982) is meant, prototypically, the indexical functioning of certain context-bound expressions to target discourse entities which are either not yet topical, or whose erstwhile topical status has faded. It is the discourse-structuring function of anadeictic indexicals that will be the particular focus of this study. The basis for the discussion will be two short whole texts, in two languages (French and English). This will make it possible to show how certain ‘strict’-anadeictic and discourse-deictic references may signal the macro- (content structures) and super-structures (discourse-functional structures) that characterize them. Such references may serve either to foreshadow a transition between major discourse units within a given text, or to actually introduce one.

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Jian, Nitong. "Progress on the application of functional dietary supplement in sports science." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123302032.

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Functional dietary supplements are now regarded as an important factor to keep physical health, maintain exercise status and improve athletic performance. More and more sports industries are focusing on such supplements, which makes the industry develop rapidly and pay more and more attention to the research and development of different products, functions and the efficacy of health care. In this paper, the functional dietary supplements were classified and summarized, and energy supply supplements were discussed in detail: glucose and Adenosine Triphosphate; Exercise protection supplements: chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine, collagen, vitamin D and calcium; Endurance supplements: strength supplements such as protein, creatine, β-alanine, epicatechin, and taurine. The existing problems of functional dietary supplements were analysed and summarized, and the future development prospects were prospected, hoping to provide references for the development and research of new products of functional dietary supplements.

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Zheng, Hewei, Xueying Zhao, Hong Wang, Yu Ding, Xiaoyan Lu, Guosi Zhang, Jiaxin Yang, et al. "Location deviations of DNA functional elements affected SNP mapping in the published databases and references." Briefings in Bioinformatics 21, no. 4 (August 2, 2019): 1293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz073.

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Abstract The recent extensive application of next-generation sequencing has led to the rapid accumulation of multiple types of data for functional DNA elements. With the advent of precision medicine, the fine-mapping of risk loci based on these elements has become of paramount importance. In this study, we obtained the human reference genome (GRCh38) and the main DNA sequence elements, including protein-coding genes, miRNAs, lncRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphism flanking sequences, from different repositories. We then realigned these elements to identify their exact locations on the genome. Overall, 5%–20% of all sequence element locations deviated among databases, on the scale of kilobase-pair to megabase-pair. These deviations even affected the selection of genome-wide association study risk-associated genes. Our results implied that the location information for functional DNA elements may deviate among public databases. Researchers should take care when using cross-database sources and should perform pilot sequence alignments before element location-based studies.

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Kugler, Szymon, Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska, Ewa Wierzbicka, and Jakub Łopiński. "Anhydride-Cured Epoxy Powder Coatings from Natural-Origin Resins, Hardeners, and Fillers." Coatings 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050531.

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Carbon-neutral policy and technological race on the powder coatings market force to develop more advanced, safer, cheaper, and naturally sourced products. To meet the market needs, powder coating compositions and coatings were prepared from safe and natural-origin hardeners, resins, and fillers prepared from rosin, bio-diols, bio-epichlorohydrin, and halloysite, to investigate their thermal, mechanical, and functional properties in comparison with petroleum-based references: cross-linking behavior, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, hardness, cupping resistance, adhesion, chemical resistance, gloss, color, and anti-corrosive behavior in salt chamber. As a result, compositions containing up to 83 wt.% of natural resources, and showing comparable or better properties, as compared to references, were successfully prepared. Their application includes binders for future ecological powder paints for demanding protection of steel substrates.

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Kaszynski, Piotr. "Four Decades of Organic Chemistry of closo-Boranes: A Synthetic Toolbox for Constructing Liquid Crystal Materials. A Review." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 64, no. 6 (1999): 895–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19990895.

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Introduction and transformations of organic functional groups to ten- and twelve-vertex closo-boranes and heteroboranes is reviewed in the context of preparation of liquid crystalline compounds. The review, containing 198 references, is designed as a synthetic manual for materials chemists and focuses on methods for engineering molecules with elongated shapes and variable dipole moments. Several underdeveloped aspects of closo-borane chemistry are identified.

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Dong, Heng, Hui Liu, Na Zhou, Qiang Li, Guangwen Yang, Li Chen, and Yongbin Mou. "Surface Modified Techniques and Emerging Functional Coating of Dental Implants." Coatings 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111012.

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Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration, but there are still problems leading to implant failures in clinical application, such as failed osseointegration, marginal bone resorption, and peri-implantitis, which restrict the success rate of dental implants and patient satisfaction. Poor osseointegration and bacterial infection are the most essential reasons resulting in implant failure. To improve the clinical outcomes of implants, many scholars devoted to modifying the surface of implants, especially to preparing different physical and chemical modifications to improve the osseointegration between alveolar bone and implant surface. Besides, the bioactive-coatings to promote the adhesion and colonization of ossteointegration-related proteins and cells also aim to improve the osseointegration. Meanwhile, improving the anti-bacterial performance of the implant surface can obstruct the adhesion and activity of bacteria, avoiding the occurrence of inflammation related to implants. Therefore, this review comprehensively investigates and summarizes the modifying or coating methods of implant surfaces, and analyzes the ossteointegration ability and anti-bacterial characteristics of emerging functional coatings in published references.

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Kondrashova, E. A., and A. I. Parfenov. "Normal Disaccharidase Activity and Disaccharidase Activity in Patients with Functional Enteropathies." Doctor.Ru 20, no. 4 (2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-4-55-60.

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Objective of the Review: To demonstrate the role of changes in disaccharidase activity in aetiology and pathogenesis of functional enteropathies (FEP). Key Points. In mid-20th century, Russian scientists found out that jejunum diseases can be caused by impaired membrane digestion (MD). Not it is known that irritable bowel syndrome and other FEPs can mask enteropathies with impaired MD. Conclusion. Measurements of disaccharidase activity in duodenum mucosa are a method of choice in diagnosing enteropathies with impaired MD. The information on disaccharidase activity in ileum have not been described in any references. It is assumed that disaccharidase measurements in distal jejunum can be of extra diagnostic significance in examination of patients with FEP. Available information will make it possible to propose an up-to-date concept of aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis and management of disaccharidase deficiency. Keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, disaccharidases, membrane digestion, A. M. Ugolev, Dahlquist method, FODMAP diet, Rebamipide, probiotics.

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Li, J. F., Q. Fu, and Chong Wei Cui. "Researches on Water Environmental Bearing Capacity in Hejiagou River of Harbin City." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1075.

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There are three freshwaters, namely Majiagou river, Hejiagou river and Xinyigou river in Harbin city, the Hejiagou river has been seriously polluted due to no renovation conducted, which causes great impact on water quality after discharging into the Songhua River and results in water functional decline.The article focuses on the study on water environmental bearing capacity of Hejiagou river so as to provide references for comprehensive treatment of Hejiagou river.

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Shiguematsu, Yukitoshi Minami, Przemyslaw Kryczka, Kenji Hashimoto, Hun-Ok Lim, and Atsuo Takanishi. "Heel-Contact Toe-Off Walking Pattern Generator Based on the Linear Inverted Pendulum." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 13, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984361650002x.

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We propose a novel heel-contact toe-off walking pattern generator for a biped humanoid robot. It is divided in two stages: a simple model stage where a Linear Inverted Pendulum (LIP) based heel-contact toe-off walking model based on the so-called functional rockers of the foot (heel, ankle and forefoot rockers) is used to calculate step positions and timings, and the Center of Mass (CoM) trajectory taking step lengths as inputs, and a multibody dynamics model stage, where the final pattern to implement on the humanoid robot is obtained from the output of the first simple model stage. The final pattern comprises the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) reference, the joint angle references and the end effector references. The generated patterns were implemented on our robotic platform, WABIAN-2R to evaluate the generated walking patterns.

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Mora, Tayouo, Boutevin, David, and Caillol. "Synthesis of Pluri-Functional Amine Hardeners from Bio-Based Aromatic Aldehydes for Epoxy Amine Thermosets." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183285.

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Most of the current amine hardeners are petro-sourced and only a few studies have focused on the research of bio-based substitutes. Hence, in an eco-friendly context, our team proposed the design of bio-based amine monomers with aromatic structures. This work described the use of the reductive amination with imine intermediate in order to obtain bio-based pluri-functional amines exhibiting low viscosity. The effect of the nature of initial aldehyde reactant on the hardener properties was studied, as well as the reaction conditions. Then, these pluri-functional amines were added to petro-sourced (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, DGEBA) or bio-based (diglycidyl ether of vanillin alcohol, DGEVA) epoxy monomers to form thermosets by step growth polymerization. Due to their low viscosity, the epoxy-amine mixtures were easily homogenized and cured more rapidly compared to the use of more viscous hardeners (<0.6 Pa s at 22 °C). After curing, the thermo-mechanical properties of the epoxy thermosets were determined and compared. The isophthalatetetramine (IPTA) hardener, with a higher number of amine active H, led to thermosets with higher thermo-mechanical properties (glass transition temperatures (Tg and Tα) were around 95 °C for DGEBA-based thermosets against 60 °C for DGEVA-based thermosets) than materials from benzylamine (BDA) or furfurylamine (FDA) that contained less active hydrogens (Tg and Tα around 77 °C for DGEBA-based thermosets and Tg and Tα around 45 °C for DGEVA-based thermosets). By comparing to industrial hardener references, IPTA possesses six active hydrogens which obtain high cross-linked systems, similar to industrial references, and longer molecular length due to the presence of two alkyl chains, leading respectively to high mechanical strength with lower Tg.

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Veneziano, Edy, and Hermina Sinclair. "Functional changes in early child language: the appearance of references to the past and of explanations." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 3 (October 1995): 557–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009958.

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ABSTRACTSpontaneous speech samples from children during the period of transition from one word to multi-word utterances in interaction with their French-speaking mothers were explored in order to study the appearance and development of functional changes in their use of language. Two types of such change were noted in the longitudinal records of four children when they were still essentially one-word speakers: the beginnings of references to the past, and the appearance of explanations and justifications, especially in communicative situations of request and refusal. The co-appearance of these behaviours is discussed in relation to two more general developmental changes: a detachment from the immediately perceptible situation linked to a further elaboration of the signifier-signified relation, and a socio-cognitive development leading to a view of the interlocutor as an alter ego, as a person whose psychological states may be different from the child's own.

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Cao, Jun, and Xiuzhu Cheng. "Molecular Evolution and Characterization of Fish Stathmin Genes." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081328.

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Stathmin is a highly conserved microtubule remodeling protein, involved in many biological processes such as signal transduction, cell proliferation, neurogenesis and so on. However, little evolutional information has been reported about this gene family in fish. In this study, 175 stathmin genes were identified in 27 species of fish. Conserved exon-intron structure and motif distributions were found in each group. Divergence of duplicated genes implied the species’ adaptation to the environment. Functional divergence suggested that the evolution of stathmin is mainly influenced by purifying selection, and some residues may undergo positive selection. Moreover, synteny relationship near the stathmin locus was relatively conserved in some fish. Network analyses also exhibited 74 interactions, implying functional diversity. The expression pattern of some stathmin genes was also investigated under pesticide stress. These will provide useful references for their functional research in the future.

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ISSA, Waleed Muhammad Mahdi. "METHODS OF ANALYSIS IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 06 (July 1, 2021): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.6-3.17.

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The research discussed the analytical approaches that fall into the essence of product design analysis process, and the research focused on six basic approaches to analysis of industrial product design: (formal analysis method, functional analysis approach - pragmatism, structural analysis approach, semiotic analysis approach, Marxist analysis approach, and Anthropological analysis approach), and it was concluded that each of the proposed approaches intends to analyze industrial products based on the knowledge structure and intellectual references that define the approach. A set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which were: The process of analyzing industrial products is in fact a complex process, and it needs a lot of knowledge references to analyze the design product based on the fact that the design product is a complex entity and thus needs a comprehensive system that combines the proposed approaches to form a comprehensive approach to analyzes Industrial products according to it.

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Lim, J. H., Cheow Keat Yeoh, Abdullah Chik, and Pei Leng Teh. "Effect of Al Excess on the Band Structure of ZnO Using Density Functional Theory." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.106.

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The effect of Al doping to the band structure of ZnO was studied in this paper. The electronic band structure of Al doped ZnO was determined by using first-principles based on density functional theory. ABINIT was used to perform the band structure calculation. The calculated band structure of ZnO and Al doped ZnO shows that ZnO is a direct band gap semiconductor. The band structure become narrow with Al doping compared pure ZnO. With Al doping, the band gap of ZnO (0.749 eV) become smaller as the concentration Al doping increased to 4wt% (0.551 eV). The electrical conductivity of Al doped ZnO was studied as a references value for the band gap. The electrical conductivity of ZnO (8.21 S/cm) was enhanced with Al doping increased to 4wt% (71.87 S/cm).

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Qu, Liang Peng, Jian Jun Wang, and Xin Ting Huang. "Exploration of Traffic Facilities Engineering Design for Tide Lanes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 2220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.2220.

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In allusion to the issue that lack in design guidelines of tide lane for traffic engineering facilities, based on the investigation of domestic designs, this paper concludes the lessons of experience from current projects, points out the design principle of tide lane in traffic engineering facilities from the perspective of functional demand, and discusses the design and setting of facilities in detail, which provides the references for the design of tide lane in the traffic engineering facilities.

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Liu, Nien Te, and Chang Tzuoh Wu. "The Study on the Functional Element Representations for Bicycles with Creative Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 3691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3691.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose representations for bicycles with creative characteristics. First of all, many creative bicycles are collected from references and websites. Then, these bicycles are analyzed and arranged one by one to find creative characteristics. Finally, the representations for creative bicycles are proposed. The construction elements of bicycles can be classified into 3 kinds: functional elements, shape elements, and material elements. For the functional elements, they are classified into 14 kinds, and controlling, moving, input elements are necessary for bicycles. There are two types of constructions for bicycles. One is bicycle with frames, another is without frames. Bicycles with frames always have wheels connected and should be represented from frames as start. Bicycles without frames can be represented from controlling, moving, or input elements as start. The relationships for functional elements are mergence and combination. The most important result of this paper is the functional elements representations are proposed for bicycles with creative characteristics. By using graphs and symbols, bicycles can be represented simple and quickly for concept development.

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Gómez-Pérez, Francisco Javier, and José Patricio Pérez-Rufí. "Análisis de la realización de espectáculos televisivos en directo: Italia en Eurovisión 2021." INDEX COMUNICACION 12, no. 01 (January 15, 2022): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33732/ixc/12/01analis.

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This paper aims to study the production of live television at the Eurovision Song Contest, a contest characterized by the use of avant-garde and experimental technologies and staging. The filming and production of the winning performance in 2021, «Zitti e buoni», by the Italian group Måneskin, is selected as a case study, as it breaks with previous trends. The main objectives of this research are to analyze the selected performance from a discursive and formal perspective and to identify the visual references on which the production is based. We apply a formal audiovisual analysis while considering intertextual practices and the intention to appropriate pop culture references. The formal audiovisual analysis highlights the respect for a functional and classic audiovisual grammar that tries to make itself invisible to highlight the members of the band with their charisma. Faced with previous practices trying to break spatial and temporal continuity, the performance claims a classical audiovisual grammar and an apparently simple staging based on nostalgia.

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Ojo, George Adekunle, Samuel Adebayo Omotunde, and Samuel Oluwole Akintoye. "Discourse Strategies in Chief Olusegun Obasanjo’s Letter to President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 10 (March 31, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n10p50.

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The paper sets out to investigate the discourse strategies deployed by former President Olusegun Obasanjo in his open letter to President Jonathan on December 12, 2013 which was published in most of the nation’s major newspapers. The work adopts M.A.K Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar as its theoretical framework because of the great importance which the model attaches to meanings and functions of a linguistic expression in relation to its context of usage. The researchers, through content and qualitative analysis, identify the discourse strategies used by the encoder of the speech to have the desired maximum effects on the decoders, especially President Goodluck Jonathan. Our findings reveal that President Obasanjo makes use of six discourse strategies in the letter for achieving some aims. The discourse strategies are: references to national interest; using the vocative “Mr President”; mentioning and portraying God in different perspectives; making direct appeals to the president; making references to late Gen. Sanni Abacha and copious repetitions of Nigeria and Nigerians in the text.

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Méndez-Albores, Abraham, René Escobedo-González, Juan Manuel Aceves-Hernández, Perla García-Casillas, María Inés Nicolás-Vázquez, and René Miranda-Ruvalcaba. "A Theoretical Study of the Adsorption Process of B-aflatoxins Using Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder Biomasses." Toxins 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050283.

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Employing theoretical calculations with density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) functional and basis set, the interaction of the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) molecule and the functional groups present in the Pyracantha koidzumii biosorbent was investigated. Dissociation free energy and acidity equilibrium constant values were obtained theoretically both in solution (water) and gas phases. Additionally, the molecular electrostatic potential for the protonated molecules was calculated to verify the reactivity. Thus, methanol (hydroxyl group), methylammonium ion (amino group), acetate ion (carboxyl group), and acetone (carbonyl group), were used as representatives of the substrates present in the biomass; these references were considered using the corresponding protonated or unprotonated forms at a pH value of 5. The experimental infrared spectrophotometric data suggested the participation of these functional groups in the AFB1 biosorption process, indicating that the mechanism was dominated by electrostatic interactions between the charged functional groups and the positively charged AFB1 molecule. The theoretical determination indicated that the carboxylate ion provided the highest interaction energy with the AFB1 molecule. Consequently, an enriched biosorbent with compounds containing carboxyl groups could improve the yield of the AFB1 adsorption when using in vitro and in vivo trials.

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Meade, Bruce D., Freyja Lynn, George F. Reed, ChrisAnna M. Mink, Theresa A. Romani, Adamadia Deforest, and Maria A. Deloria. "Relationships Between Functional Assays and Enzyme Immunoassays as Measurements of Responses to Acellular and Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines." Pediatrics 96, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.96.6.a48a.

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• Relationships Between Functional Assays and Enzyme Immunoassays as Measurements of Responses to Acellular and Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines (1995;96:595-600): In the introduction, "WCL" is used incorrectly in three instances as an abbreviation for whole-cell pertussis vaccines. On page 595 (15 lines from the bottom of the right-hand column), "WCL pertussis immunization" should have read "whole-cell pertussis immunization." Similarly, on page 596 (in lines 21 through 23 of the left-hand column), "WCL vaccines" twice should have read "whole-cell vaccines." All other references to WCL in this article mean the specific product listed in Table 1 on page 596.

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Tamayo, Edgar, Yasir Khan, Mohamed Al-Hussein, and Ahmed Qureshi. "Integrating machine learning with QFD for selecting functional requirements in construction automation." International Journal of Industrialized Construction 1, no. 1 (December 10, 2020): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/ijic235.

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An important aspect of the conceptual design is at the customer requirement definition stage, where an optimal number of functional requirements are specified with the application of quality function deployment. To facilitate a systematic specification of functional requirements, state-of-the-art unsupervised machine learning techniques will be introduced in the feature selection of functional requirements. However, the scarcity of references on unsupervised feature selection in the literature reflects the difficulty associated with this topic. At the customer requirement definition phase, three techniques will be proposed for selecting functional requirements, namely: (a) principal component analysis, (b) forward orthogonal search, and (c) Kohonen self-organizing map neural network. These machine learning feature selection techniques address the limitations of current approaches in systematically determining the minimum functional requirements from the mapping of customer requirements in quality function deployment. When applied to the conceptual design of the transportable automated wood wall framing machine that is under development at the University of Alberta, the proposed feature selection techniques have been observed to be: (i) fast, (ii) amenable to small quality function deployment dataset, and (iii) adequate in realizing design objectives. The results presented in this paper can be easily extended to online determination of customer requirements and functional requirements, project management, contract management, and marketing.

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Peng, Bo, Yu-Han Zuo, Yan-Lin Hao, Juan Peng, Dong-Yan Kong, Yu Peng, Tondi-Yacouba Nassirou, et al. "Studies on Aroma Gene and its Application in Rice Genetics and Breeding." Journal of Plant Studies 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v7n2p29.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world, and the staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Along with the sustained development of living standards, people’s demand for high quality rice is increasing. As one of the types of cultivated rice, aromaticrice is preferred by most of the consumers because of its agreeable scent. With the rapid development of rice functional genomics and sequencing technology, great progress has been made in understanding the aroma gene in rice, and a series of functional markers has been developed for screening the aroma gene and breeding new rice varieties in recent years. This paper mainly reviews the progress in the genetic basis, gene function and regulation of the aroma gene, and the application of aroma gene functional markers in the genetic improvement and breeding of aromaticrice. Thus, it provides important references for the cultivation of new varieties of aromaticrice.

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Winkler, C. "Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland." Nuklearmedizin 28, no. 01 (1989): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629462.

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The development of nuclear medicine in Germany from early approaches with 32P and 1311 to the first radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer up to the clarification of basic principles for current thyroid diagnostics and for functional scintigraphic imaging are presented. Selected references are used in portraying scientific stepping stones of our speciality as well as its establishment in clinical practice during the first two decades. Researchers, places, and facts are specified and interpreted in their relation to the state-of-the-art of nuclear medicine.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Functional references'

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