Relevant bibliographies by topics / Functional thin films

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Functional thin films'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Functional thin films"

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Vantzos, Orestis, Omri Azencot, Max Wardeztky, Martin Rumpf, and Mirela Ben-Chen. "Functional Thin Films on Surfaces." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 23, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 1179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2605083.

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Palma-Cando, Alex, Ibeth Rendón-Enríquez, Michael Tausch, and Ullrich Scherf. "Thin Functional Polymer Films by Electropolymerization." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2019): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081125.

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Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have been widely utilized in organic electronics, actuators, electrochromic devices, and sensors. Many potential applications demand the formation of thin polymer films, which can be generated by electrochemical polymerization. Electrochemical methods are quite powerful and versatile and can be utilized for investigation of ICPs, both for educational purposes and materials chemistry research. In this study, we show that potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques can be utilized for generating and characterizing thin polymer films under the context of educational chemistry research and state-of-the-art polymer research. First, two well-known bifunctional monomers (with only two linking sites)—aniline and bithiophene—and their respective ICPs—polyaniline (PANI) and polybithiophene (PBTh)—were electrochemically generated and characterized. Tests with simple electrochromic devices based on PANI and PBTh were carried out at different doping levels, where changes in the UV-VIS absorption spectra and color were ascribed to changes in the polymer structures. These experiments may attract students’ interest in the electrochemical polymerization of ICPs as doping/dedoping processes can be easily understood from observable color changes to the naked eye, as shown for the two polymers. Second, two new carbazole-based multifunctional monomers (with three or more linking sites)—tris(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (TPTCzSiOH) and tris(3,5-di(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (TPHxCzSiOH)—were synthesized to produce thin films of cross-linked polymer networks by electropolymerization. These thin polymer films were characterized by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) experiments and nitrogen sorption, and the results showed a microporous nature with high specific surface areas up to 930 m2g−1. PTPHxCzSiOH-modified glassy carbon electrodes showed an enhanced electrochemical response to nitrobenzene as prototypical nitroaromatic compound compared to unmodified glassy carbon electrodes.
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Noheda, Beatriz, and Christophe Muller. "Phase transitions in functional thin films." Phase Transitions 81, no. 7-8 (July 2008): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411590802260423.

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Lazar, Manoj A., Jalil K. Tadvani, Wing Sze Tung, Lorena Lopez, and Walid A. Daoud. "Nanostructured thin films as functional coatings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 12 (June 1, 2010): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/12/1/012017.

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Narayan, Roger J. "Recent Developments in Functional Thin Films." JOM 65, no. 4 (February 20, 2013): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0577-4.

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Narayan, Roger. "Biological, Electronic, and Functional Thin Films." JOM 66, no. 4 (March 26, 2014): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-0936-9.

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Jiang Shaoji, 江绍基. "Functional Micro/nano-structural Sculptured Thin Films." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 46, no. 7 (2009): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop20094607.0023.

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Norga, G. J., L. Fé, F. Vasiliu, J. Fompeyrine, J. P. Locquet, and O. Van der Biest. "Orientation selection in functional oxide thin films." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 24, no. 6 (January 2004): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(03)00405-9.

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OSAKA, Tetsuya, and Hiroshi MATSUBARA. "Functional Thin Films by Electroless-plating Method." Tetsu-to-Hagane 75, no. 7 (1989): 1112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.75.7_1112.

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Miyashita, Tokuji. "Functional Thin Films Responsive to Chemical Signals." Kobunshi 41, no. 7 (1992): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.41.464.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Functional thin films"

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Scharnberg, Michael [Verfasser]. "Functional organic thin films / Michael Scharnberg." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019629851/34.

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Liljeholm, Lina. "Reactive Sputter Deposition of Functional Thin Films." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175666.

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Thin film technology is of great significance for a variety of products, such as electronics, anti-reflective or hard coatings, sensors, solar cells, etc. This thesis concerns the synthesis of thin functional films, reactive magnetron sputter deposition process as such and the physical and functional characterization of the thin films synthesized. Characteristic for reactive sputtering processes is the hysteresis due to the target poisoning. One particular finding in this work is the elimination of the hysteresis by means of a mixed nitrogen/oxygen processing environment for dual sputtering of Alumina-Zirconia thin films. For a constant moderate flow of nitrogen, the hysteresis could be eliminated without significant incorporation of nitrogen in the films. It is concluded that optimum processing conditions for films of a desired composition can readily be estimated by modeling. The work on reactively sputtered SiO2–TiO2 thin films provides guidelines as to the choice of process parameters in view of the application in mind, by demonstrating that it is possible to tune the refractive index by using single composite Six/TiO2 targets with the right composition and operating in a suitable oxygen flow range. The influence of the target composition on the sputter yield is studied for reactively sputtered titanium oxide films. It is shown that by using sub-stoichiometric targets with the right composition and operating in the proper oxygen flow range, it is possible to increase the sputter rate and still obtain stoichiometric coatings. Wurtzite aluminum nitride (w-AlN) thin films are of great interest for electro-acoustic applications and their properties have in recent years been extensively studied. One way to tailor material properties is to vary the composition by adding other elements. Within this thesis (Al,B)N films of the wurtzite structure and a strong c-axis texture have been grown by reactive sputter deposition. Nanoindentation experiments show that the films have nanoindentation hardness in excess of 30 GPa, which is as hard as commercially available hard coatings such as TiN. Electrical properties of w-(Al,B)N thin films were investigated. W-(Al,B)N thin films are found to have a dielectric strength of ~3×106 V/cm, a relatively high k-value around 12 and conduction mechanisms similar to those of AlN. These results serve as basis for further research and applications of w-(Al,B)N thin films. An AlN thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) and a solidly mounted resonator (SMR) together with a microfluidic transport system have been fabricated. The fabrication process is IC compatible and uses reactive sputtering to deposit piezoelectric AlN thin films with a non-zero mean inclination of the c-axis, which allows in-liquid operation through the excitation of the shear mode. The results on IC-compatibility, Q-values, operation frequency and resolution illustrate the potential of this technology for highly sensitive low-cost micro-biosensor systems for applications in, e.g. point-of-care testing.
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Niu, Feng. "Functional nanocomposite thin-films by co-sputtering." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390504.

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Giusti, Gaël. "Deposition and characterisation of functional ITO thin films." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1678/.

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Polycrystalline tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) with an ITO (In\(_2\)O\(_3\)-10 wt.% SnO\(_2\)) target and deposited on borosilicate glass substrates. By changing independently the thickness, the deposition temperature and the oxygen pressure, a variety of microstructures were deposited. The impact on thin film physical properties of different gas dynamics is stressed and explained. Films deposited at room temperature (RT) show poorer opto-electrical properties. The same is true for films deposited at low or high oxygen pressure. It is shown that films grown with 1 to 10 mT Oxygen pressure at 200 °C show the best compromise in terms of transmittance and resistivity. The influence of the thickness, the substrate temperature and the oxygen pressure on the microstructure and ITO film properties is discussed. A practical application (a Dye Sensitized Solar Cell) is proposed.
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Kaiser, Nickolas R. "Pulsed Plasma Deposition of Surface Functional Thin Films." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491399151549547.

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Erdy, Christine. "Self-Assembled Host-Guest Thin Films for Functional Interfaces." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36049.

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The functionalization of surfaces has received attention because the process allows the design and tailoring of substrate surfaces with a new or improved function. â Host-guestâ thin film complexes are composed of â hostâ molecules attached the substrate surface, either through physisorption or covalent bonds, with cavities for the inclusion of desired â guestâ molecules for the functionalization of the surface. Two methods for fabricating functional â host-guestâ thin films were investigated: Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition and self-assembly monolayer (SAM). Langmuir films were created at the air-water interface using octadecanesulfonic acid (C18S) as the amphiphilic â hostâ molecules separated by hydrophilic guanidinium (G) spacer molecules, which created a cavity allowing the inclusion of desired â guestâ molecules. Surface pressure-area isotherms of the (G)C18S, with and without guests, are characterized by the lift-off molecular areas and are use to determine the proper deposition surface pressure. â Host-guestâ Langmuir films are deposited onto silicon substrates using the LB deposition technique. The LB films were then subjected to stability testing using different solvents over increasing periods of time. Grazing-angle incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), specular X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and transfer ratio measurements were used to characterize the crystallinity, film thickness, overall film stability and film coverage. The GIXD data revealed that the crystallinity of the deposited film varies with the â guestâ molecules and can be disrupted by the functional group on the â guestâ molecule through hydrogen bonding. After modeling the XRR data using StochFit, it was discovered that the more polar solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF), removed the film completely while the nonpolar solvent, hexane, compacted the thin film and increased the electron density. With transfer ratios around 0.95 to 1.05, the deposited films were homogenous. The second method used was self-assembly monolayers, which differs from Langmuir films in that they are created by a spontaneous chemical synthesis from immersing a substrate into a solution containing an active surfactant. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was used initially as a molecule to study the self-assembled monolayer procedure. To study a â host-guestâ self-assembled monolayer system, a compound is being synthesized from 9-bromoanthracene. This compound would already contain the cavity necessary for the inclusion of â guestâ molecules. The solution that contained OTS was composed of a 4:1 mixture of anhydrous octadecane: chloroform. Silicon substrates with a deposited oxide layer were hydroxylated for the surfactant binding chemical reaction to occur. The OTS SAMs were exposed to the same stability tests as the LB films. Surface contact angle measurements were taken of the OTS SAMs before and after the stability tests. The contact angle prior to the stability tests was 110° (±2°). The contact angle after immersion in THF was 101° (±2°) while the contact angle resulting from immersion in hexane was 105° (±2°). From the contact angle measurements, the degradation of the OTS SAMs was less extensive than that of the (G)C18S LB films.
Master of Science
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Tian, Shengjun. "Thin functional conducting polymer films preparation, properties and applications /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975929003.

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Mongkhontreerat, Surinthra. "Advanced Functional Thin Films and Networks towards Biological Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ytbehandlingsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166600.

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Functional polymeric scaffolds have been employed in biological applications as several utilities, from nano-sized drug delivery systems to concrete implants. The progression in biological fields essentially relies on finding an appropriate material to fulfil the critical requirements for various types of applications with great potential for tuning functionality and mechanical properties. Therefore, the generation of new materials in extensive libraries is desirable for researchers. In this thesis, two main varieties of functional scaffolds have been constructed; these include i) periodic structure isoporous membranes and ii) three dimension (3D) crosslinked networks with programmable functionalities and mechanical properties. In the first case, a library of linear dendritic (LD) block copolymers was synthesised from biocompatible 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) dendrons and 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) derivatives. These materials were successfully employed for the fabrication of isoporous membranes via the facile Breath Figure (BF) method. The dendritic periphery end groups control the manipulation of film morphology, as well as introduction of desired functionalities, either pre- or post- film formation. The introduction of azide functional group along the polymer backbone allows crosslinking reaction, which enhances the stability of the isoporous films. The stability towards temperature was improved from around its glass transition temperature (Tg) to 400 °C after crosslinking; simultaneously the porosity is maintained after immersion in the whole range of pH (1-14). These materials show great potential use as high performance isoporous membranes in futuristic applications such as micro-reactors, sensors and cell patterning platforms. In the second case, the facile fabrication of functional networks employs off-stoichiometric crosslinking, which resulted in residual reactive functional groups after film formation and networks with different crosslinking density. This straightforward off-stoichiometric concept is applied with commercially available materials and well-controlled dendritic-linear-dendritic (DLD) hybrid polymers, generating functional networks with different properties from high stiffness film to soft hydrogels. The network post-modification can be performed topologically and throughout the scaffold. Several crosslinking chemistries were employed for construction of hydrogels from DLD hybrid polymers. The Copper(I) Catalysed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction results in hydrogels with higher compressive modulus compared to other hydrogels constructed from thiol-ene, thiol-yne and amine-N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters coupling methods with similar building blocks. These functional crosslinked networks are suitable for numerous applications including fabrication of microfluidic devices, cell culture platforms and bone adhesives.

QC 20150520

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Bernabe, Gustau Catalan. "An investigation of functional properties in perovskite thin films." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343097.

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Mao, Yu 1975. "Initiated chemical vapor deposition of functional polyacrylic thin films." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33608.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references.
Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) was explored as a novel method for synthesis of functional polyacrylic thin films. The process introduces a peroxide initiator, which can be decomposed at low temperatures (<200⁰C) and initialize addition reaction of monomer species. The use of low temperatures limits the decomposition chemistry to the bond scission of initiator, while retaining functional groups of monomers, which has been confirmed in the infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of iCVD poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) thin films. Studies of PGMA iCVD deposition kinetics and molecular weights indicate a free radical polymerization mechanism and provide guide for vapor-phase synthesis of other vinyl monomers. The retained epoxy groups can crosslink under e-beam irradiation, resulting in e-beam patterning of iCVD PGMA thin films with 80 nm negative-tone features achieved. iCVD copolymerization was also investigated to further tune film composition and properties. A surface propagation mechanism was proposed based on the study of the monomer reactivity ratios and the copolymer molecular weights during iCVD copolymerization.
(cont.) The synthesized acrylic copolymers have been investigated in applications as positive-tone e- beam resists, CO₂-developable resists, and low surface energy coatings with improved mechanical properties. The process of iCVD polymerization is extendable to vapor-phase polymerization of other vinyl monomers and creates new opportunities for the application of functional polymer thin films.
by Yu Mao.
Ph.D.
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Books on the topic "Functional thin films"

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Zhang, Sam, Jyh-Ming Ting, and Wan-Yu Wu. Functional Thin Films Technology. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003088080.

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Zribi, Anis, and Jeffrey Fortin, eds. Functional Thin Films and Nanostructures for Sensors. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b138612.

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Schneller, Theodor, Rainer Waser, Marija Kosec, and David Payne, eds. Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99311-8.

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Fla.) Epitaxial Growth of Functional Oxides Symposium (2003 Orlando. Epitaxial growth of functional oxides: Proceedings of the international symposium. Edited by Goyal A. (Amit), Electrochemical Society Electronics Division, Electrochemical Society. Dielectric Science and Technology Division, and Electrochemical Society Meeting. Pennington, N.J: Electrochemical Society, 2005.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Orthogonal Supramolecular Interaction Motifs for Functional Monolayer Architectures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Kinō busshitsu no shūsekimaku to ōyō tenkai: Assembled and organized films of functional materials and their applications. Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku: Shīemushī Shuppan, 2014.

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Kinōsei mukimaku: Kaihatsu gijutsu to ōyō = Functional inorganic films : new technologies and applications. Tōkyō: Shīemushī Shuppan, 2011.

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Pulsed laser deposition of thin films: Applications-led growth of functional materials. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience, 2007.

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Symposium, A. on Microstructuring and Microsystems (1995 Strasbourg France). Small scale structures: Proceedings of Symposium A on Microstructuring and Microsystems, Symposium B on Materials for Sensors: Functional Nanoscaled Structures, and Symposium E on Structure and Properties of Metallic Thin Films and Multilayers of the 1995 E-MRS Spring Conference, Strasbourg, France, May 22-26, 1995. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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Kagaku Gijutsu Shinkō Kikō. Kenkyū Kaihatsu Senryaku Sentā. Nanotekunorojī Zairyō Yunitto. Nijigen kinōsei genshi hakumaku ni yoru shinki zairyō, kakushin debaisu no kaihatsu: Development of new materials and innovative devices using atomically thin 2D functional films. Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku: Kagaku Gijutsu Shinkō Kikō Kenkyū Kaihatsu Senryaku Sentā Nanotekunorojī Zairyō Yunitto, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Functional thin films"

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Krishna, Hare, and Ramki Kalyanaraman. "Functional Nanostructured Thin Films." In Functional Nanostructures, 65–106. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-48805-9_2.

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Bruening, Merlin L. "Creating Functional Membranes Through Polyelectrolyte Adsorption." In Multilayer Thin Films, 907–24. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646746.ch38.

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Toomey, Ryan, Ajay Vidyasagar, and Ophir Ortiz. "Swelling Behavior of Thin Hydrogel Coatings." In Functional Polymer Films, 649–67. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527638482.ch19.

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Stein, Gila E. "Scattering Techniques for Thin Polymer Films." In Functional Polymer Films, 669–94. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527638482.ch20.

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Irvin, Jennifer A., and Katie Winkel. "Thin-Film Applications of Electroactive Polymers." In Functional Polymer Films, 983–1015. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527638482.ch32.

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Jiang, San Ping, and Shuai He. "Thin Coating Technologies and Applications in High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In Functional Thin Films Technology, 83–126. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003088080-4.

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Chung, Chen-Kuei, Ming-Wei Liao, and Chin-An Ku. "Growth, Characteristics and Application of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Synthesized at Relatively High Temperature." In Functional Thin Films Technology, 165–97. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003088080-7.

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Ruan, Jeng, and Kao-Shuo Chang. "Mutually Influenced Stacking and Evolution of Inorganic/Organic Crystals for Piezo-Related Applications." In Functional Thin Films Technology, 127–49. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003088080-5.

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Li, Lu, and Wei Ren. "Novel Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Broadband Saturable Absorbers." In Functional Thin Films Technology, 47–82. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003088080-3.

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Korsunsky, Alexander M., and León Romano Brandt. "The Effect of Deposition Parameters on the Mechanical and Transport Properties in Nanostructured Cu/W Multilayer Coatings." In Functional Thin Films Technology, 287–318. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003088080-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Functional thin films"

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Azencot, Omri, Orestis Vantzos, Max Wardetzky, Martin Rumpf, and Mirela Ben-Chen. "Functional thin films on surfaces." In SCA '15: The ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2786784.2786793.

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Song, Yanlin. "Organic optical/electrical functional thin films." In 2010 IEEE 10th Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2010.5698077.

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Shiyani, T., K. G. Shekhada, C. R. Savaliya, and J. H. Markna. "Tuning the metal-insulator transition in NdNiO3 thin films." In FUNCTIONAL OXIDES AND NANOMATERIALS: Proceedings of the International Conference on Functional Oxides and Nanomaterials. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982090.

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Ajimsha, R. S., M. Tyagi, A. K. Das, P. Misra, L. M. Kukreja, Dinesh K. Aswal, and Anil K. Debnath. "Dye-Sensitization Of Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Films." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS OF EMERGING FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (PEFM-2010). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3530554.

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Singh, L. Rajen, S. Bobby Singh, R. K. London, H. B. Sharma, and A. Rahman. "Photoluminescence studies of chemically bath deposited nanocrystalline lead sulphide (PbS) thin films." In FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Functional Materials (IWFM-2011). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4736920.

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Attias, André-Jean, Byeonggwan Kim, Cheolhyun Cho, and Eunkyoung Kim. "2D supramolecular self-assembly strategies for functional graphene-based surfaces for (nano)photonics." In Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, Thin Films, and Devices XVII, edited by Wounjhang Park, André-Jean Attias, and Balaji Panchapakesan. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2567136.

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Dash, P., H. Rath, B. N. Dash, P. Mallick, T. Basu, T. Som, U. P. Singh, and N. C. Mishra. "Evolution of microstructure and surface topography of gold thin films under thermal annealing." In FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Functional Materials (IWFM-2011). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4736889.

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Senthilvelan, S., V. L. Chandraboss, B. Karthikeyan, M. Murugavelu, B. Loganathan, and L. Natanapatham. "Novel sol-gel synthesis of cerium-doped ZnO thin films for photocatalytic activity." In FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Functional Materials (IWFM-2011). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4736928.

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Volosova, Marina A., Anna Okunkova, Sergey V. Fedorov, Enver Mustafaev, and Khaled Hamdy. "Electrically conductive nanocomposite films deposition and electrical discharge machining of ceramic surfaces to generate functional microtextures." In Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, Thin Films, and Devices XVIII, edited by Wounjhang Park, André-Jean Attias, and Balaji Panchapakesan. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2593968.

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Jia, Baohua, Xiaorui Zheng, Han Lin, Yunyi Yang, and Scott Fraser. "Graphene oxide thin films for functional photonic devices." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2016.ftu5b.4.

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Reports on the topic "Functional thin films"

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Ramanathan, Shriram. Photo-Activated Synthesis of Functional Oxide Thin Films. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada534012.

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Geballe, T. H. Superconducting Thin Films, Composites and Functions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada224380.

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Koberstein, Jeffrey T. Molecular Engineering of Thin Polymer Films Prepared from Functionally-Terminated Oligomers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada291681.

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Mascagni, Giulia, Roel Dom, and Fabrizio Santoro. The VAT in Practice: Equity, Enforcement and Complexity. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.002.

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The value added tax (VAT) is supposed to be a tax on consumption that achieves greater economic efficiency than alternative indirect taxes. It is also meant to facilitate enforcement through the ‘self-enforcing mechanism’ – based on opposed incentives for buyers and sellers, and because of the paper trail it creates. Being a rather sophisticated tax, however, the VAT is complex to administer and costly to comply with, especially in lower-income countries. This paper takes a closer look at how the VAT system functions in practice in Rwanda. Using a mixed-methods approach, which combines qualitative information from focus group discussions with the analysis of administrative and survey data, we document and explain a number of surprising inconsistencies in the filing behaviour of VAT-remitting firms, which lead to suboptimal usage of electronic billing machines, as well as failure to claim legitimate VAT credits. The consequence of these inconsistencies is twofold. It makes it difficult for the Rwanda Revenue Authority to exploit its VAT data to the fullest, and leads to firms, particularly smaller ones, bearing a higher VAT burden than larger ones. There are several explanations for these inconsistencies. They appear to lie in a combination of taxpayer confusion, fear of audit, and constraints in administrative capacity.
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Collins, Clarence O., and Tyler J. Hesser. altWIZ : A System for Satellite Radar Altimeter Evaluation of Modeled Wave Heights. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39699.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the design and implementation of a wave model evaluation system, altWIZ, which uses wave height observations from operational satellite radar altimeters. The altWIZ system utilizes two recently released altimeter databases: Ribal and Young (2019) and European Space Agency Sea State Climate Change Initiative v.1.1 level 2 (Dodet et al. 2020). The system facilitates model evaluation against 1 Hz1 altimeter data or a product created by averaging altimeter data in space and time around model grid points. The system allows, for the first time, quantitative analysis of spatial model errors within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Wave Information Study (WIS) 30+ year hindcast for coastal United States. The system is demonstrated on the WIS 2017 Atlantic hindcast, using a 1/2° basin scale grid and a 1/4° regional grid of the East Coast. Consistent spatial patterns of increased bias and root-mean-square-error are exposed. Seasonal strengthening and weakening of these spatial patterns are found, related to the seasonal variation of wave energy. Some model errors correspond to areas known for high currents, and thus wave-current interaction. In conjunction with the model comparison, additional functions for pairing altimeter measurements with buoy data and storm tracks have been built. Appendices give information on the code access (Appendix I), organization and files (Appendix II), example usage (Appendix III), and demonstrating options (Appendix IV).
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The Islamic State's Real Estate Department: Documents and Analysis. George Washington University, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/poe.06.2020.04.

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Drawing on documents retrieved from northern Iraq as part of The ISIS Files project and other sources, this paper examines in-depth the Islamic State’s Diwan al-Aqarat wa al-Kharaj (Real Estate and Land Tax Department), exploring how the Islamic State came to acquire ‘real estate’ and the functions of the department within the context of the group’s larger governance project.
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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