Journal articles: 'Functionalism (Social sciences)'

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Segal, Robert A. "Functionalism Since Hempel." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 22, no. 4 (2010): 340–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006810x531120.

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AbstractIt is usually assumed that, as an approach to religion, or to culture in general, functionalism is passé. Functionalism has been superseded by structuralism, poststructuralism, and postmodernism. Yet the appeal of functionalism as an explanation of the existence or persistence of religion has meant the continuing appearance of functionalist works on religion, which hail mainly from the social sciences. This article focuses on the philosophical problems posed by functionalism. Some of those problems are hoary. Others, while already recognized, were presented in their classic form in 1959 by Carl Hempel. Only those social scientists with philosophical proclivities were ever affected by Hempel’s challenge. Their unanimous response has been to try to meet the challenge, and the fate of functionalism has been assumed to rest with the response to Hempel. This article presents responses by philosophers themselves to Hempel. It concentrates on the response by Robert Cummins, who defends functionalism in biology and, by implication, social science by recharacterizing it—and in turn making Hempel’s challenge irrelevant. What a functionalist approach to religion guided by Cummins’ depiction of functionalism would look like is offered.

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Podgórny, Marek. "Transformations in Educational Research and the Functionalist Framework." Czech-polish historical and pedagogical journal 11, no. 2 (2019): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cphpj-2019-025.

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Functionalism was described by J. H. Turner as one of the most general and at the same time most significant perspectives of contemporary sociology. It is founded on organicist ideas which define the essence of social life in terms of analogous to biological life. Functionalism was fundamentally formed by the notion that social reality needed to be studied as a system, that the processes unfolding in this system could be understood only in the context of relationships among the elements of this system and, finally, that the social organism, as any other organism, exhibited internal integration tendencies. The early functionalist beliefs grounded on these assumptions were crucially re-worked by Robert Merton, becoming an attractive research perspective in social sciences which is particularly useful in the study of educational phenomena and processes.

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Cole, David. "Functionalism and inverted spectra." Synthese 82, no. 2 (February 1990): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00413662.

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Stabler, Edward P. "Kripke on functionalism and automata." Synthese 70, no. 1 (January 1987): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00414025.

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Miyazono, Kengo. "Does functionalism entail extended mind?" Synthese 194, no. 9 (November 20, 2015): 3523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0971-2.

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Cansinos, Antonio. "Plasticity of Contemporary Racism: Functionalist Orientation Anomalies and Emergence of Social Conflict Theory." World Journal of Social Science Research 7, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): p53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v7n1p53.

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During the last century, sociological functionalism has been a sociological dominant interpretation. This trend has also developed within anthropology, biology, and the social sciences in general. Since the first evolutionary considerations, social interaction has been commonly interpreted from functional premises. In this way, racism as a social aversion has been seen as a consequence of the natural functioning of human societies. The present study contrasts the functionalist vision with the social conflict approach to evaluate each theoretical procedure. The research conclusions suggest that social conflict is capable of offering successful results on the nature of contemporary racism. However, there is currently a lack of research on the appropriateness of each of the approaches. The present work suggests to continue research of each orientation and particularly the use of social conflict as an analytical orientation.

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Turner, Stephen P. "Review Essays : The End of Functionalism." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 23, no. 2 (June 1993): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004839319302300204.

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Milojevic, Miljana. "Extended mind, functionalism and personal identity." Synthese 197, no. 5 (May 5, 2018): 2143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1797-5.

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Schulz, Armin W. "What’s the Point? A Presentist Social Functionalist Account of Institutional Purpose." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 52, no. 1-2 (November 24, 2021): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00483931211049765.

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Although it is clear that many of the major contemporary social problems center on the extent to which social institutions do or do not function as they are meant to do, it is still unclear exactly what the function of a social institution is—and thus when this function is undermined. This paper presents and defends a novel theory of social functionalism—presentist social functionalism—to answer these questions. According to this theory, the function of social institutions is grounded in those of their features that, in the current cultural environment, increase their chances to survive or reproduce. To bring out the fruitfulness of this account, the paper analyzes the (still controversial) question of the function of corporations, and shows that present social functionalism (a) points to the kinds of data that would be helpful to determine this function, (b) brings up hitherto overlooked theoretical possibilities, and (c) allows for the clearer assessment and handling of corporate corruption.

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Madsen, Richard. "Religious Renaissance in China Today." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 40, no. 2 (June 2011): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261104000202.

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Since the beginning of the Reform Era in 1979, there has been a rapid growth and development of religious belief and practice in China. A substantial new scholarly literature has been generated in the attempt to document and understand this. This essay identifies the most important contributions to that literature and discusses areas of agreement and controversy across the literature. Along with new data, new paradigms have developed to frame research on Chinese religions. The paradigm derived from C. K. Yang's classic work in the 1960s came from structural functionalism, which served to unite research in the humanities and social sciences. However, structural functionalism has been abandoned by the new generation of scholars. In the humanities, the most popular paradigm derives from Michel Foucault, but there are also scholars who use neo-Durkheimian and neo-Weberian paradigms. In the social sciences, the dominant paradigms tend to focus on state-society relations. None of these paradigms fully captures the complexity of the transformations happening in China. We recommend greater dialogue between the humanities and social sciences in search of more adequate theoretical frameworks for understanding Chinese religions today.

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Boskovic, Aleksandar. "Socio-cultural anthropology today." Sociologija 44, no. 4 (2002): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0204329b.

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The article presents a history of the development of theoretical perspectives within the social and cultural anthropology from the early 20th century. Beginning with functionalism and structural functionalism, the author traces the influences of structuralism, Marxism, interpretivism, gender, cultural and post-colonial studies, concluding with a set of five themes characteristic for the contemporary anthropological research.

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Zinkovsky, Sergey Borisovich. "Socio-anthropological approach to the study of legal cultures: evolutionism and functionalism." SHS Web of Conferences 118 (2021): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111802017.

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The purpose of the study is to substantiate the productivity of the socio-anthropological approach to the study of legal culture. In the study of legal cultures, the methodology of legal science involves going beyond both the special legal sciences and, in general, the social sciences. This actualizes the assessment of the productivity of the socio-anthropological approach to law and the justification of its evolutionist and functionalist directions for the conceptualization of legal phenomena. Their methodology in identifying the characteristics of legal culture is based on a) the recognition of its integral organism, whose elements are functionally connected and based on common principles; b) the principle of organicism, which involves the spread of methods, tools, and patterns of scientific knowledge, characteristic of the biological sciences, to social phenomena. This approach identifies the relationships between human thoughts and behavioral acts, biological and social processes, and various stages of the historical development of legal cultures. The result of the research is a structural scheme developed by the author, which demonstrates the productivity of the socio-anthropological approach to the study of legal culture, reflecting the main forms of manifestation of the reductionism of legal research from narrow methodological positions and ways to overcome it with the help of the socio-anthropological approach of evolutionist and functionalist orientation. The novelty of the work is due to the evolutionist and functionalist study of legal cultures applied by the author, which contributes to overcoming the limitations of criteria for the critical assessment of the laws of their development, contexts that allow characterizing legal phenomena from an interdisciplinary perspective, offer substantive and methodological alternatives to explain them and assess the importance of social communication processes in their dynamics.

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Jaraczewska, Agnieszka. "The specific application of functionalism in the social sciences, as presented by Harold Kincaid." Hexis. Theory, Society & Culture 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2014): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/hexis.5.

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Sober, Elliott. "Panglossian functionalism and the philosophy of mind." Synthese 64, no. 2 (August 1985): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00486037.

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Endicott, Ronald. "Functionalism, superduperfunctionalism, and physicalism: lessons from supervenience." Synthese 193, no. 7 (August 6, 2015): 2205–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0839-5.

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Yates, David. "Inverse functionalism and the individuation of powers." Synthese 195, no. 10 (May 12, 2017): 4525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1417-9.

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Haller, Markus. "Carl Menger's theory of invisible-hand explanations." Social Science Information 39, no. 4 (December 2000): 529–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901800039004002.

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Carl Menger's theory of invisible-hand explanations is rooted in his methodology of the social sciences. Contrary to his 18th-century Scottish forerunners he explains both the emergence and the persistence of unplanned social institutions exclusively by the individual pursuit of perceived self-interest. Contrary to Hayek's evolutionary functionalism, Menger's theory is not confined to the explanation of efficient or beneficial institutions. And contrary to Buchanan and Vanberg's constitutional contractualism, it does not require that people form stable preferences over rules.

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Lynch, M. P. "Alethic Functionalism and Our Folk Theory of Truth." Synthese 145, no. 1 (May 2005): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-004-1771-2.

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Yakovleva, Elena. "Virtual and real in modern public relations." Artificial societies 17, no. 3 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207751800021691-9.

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The article provides a comprehensive study of the problem of the virtual in public relations from the standpoint of structural functionalism, social constructivism, social phenomenology and the theory of organ projection developed by M. McLuhan. The structure of the study suggests a consistent transition from analyzing the role of the social worldview as a single form of manifestation of social consciousness to studying the place of virtual elements in it, as well as reflecting the mechanisms of their formation and representation in the social environment. The virtual component of the social worldview is analyzed for functionality. Within the framework of the work, social risks associated with the spread of certain forms of virtual in the social and communicative environment are noted.

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MANN, SUSAN A., MICHAEL D. GRIMES, ALICE ABEL KEMP, and PAMELA J. JENKINS. "Paradigm Shifts in Family Sociology? Evidence From Three Decades of Family Textbooks." Journal of Family Issues 18, no. 3 (May 1997): 315–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251397018003005.

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This article explores paradigm shifts in family sociology from the 1960s to the 1990s using a thematic content analysis of 7 multiple-edition texts. Two competing views on theoretical developments are examined. David Cheal claims that challenges posed to structural functionalist hegemony resulted in theoretical pluralism and an end to this hegemony. Dorothy Smith argues that Parson's theoretical assumptions are so deeply embedded in the discourse of family sociology that they continue to govern major issues and debates. As late as the 1990s, we found that structural functionalism continued to frame many topics and debates in the majority of texts even when new concepts and more critical literature were added. Notable exceptions were textbook treatments of African American families and gender issues. This suggests that the relative success of social movements in institutionalizing their goals may be an important factor in determining paradigm shifts.

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Wright, Edmond. "More qualia trouble for functionalism: The Smythies TV-hood analogy." Synthese 97, no. 3 (December 1993): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01064074.

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Sciulli, David. "Reconsidering Blumer's Corrective Against the Excesses of Functionalism." Symbolic Interaction 11, no. 1 (May 1988): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.1988.11.1.69.

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NWEKE, G. AFORKA. "The Organization of African Unity and Intra-African Functionalism." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 489, no. 1 (January 1987): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716287489001011.

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Trakšelys, Kęstutis. "Education Sociological Paradigms Importance of Education Sciences." Pedagogika 129, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2018.01.

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The paper analyzes the sociological theory. Western type public modernity theories are assumed as a process, for which a developing society is approaching the developed societies reaching a certain level of economic growth, a certain level of public participation and the democratic stage of development, giving the individual more physical, social and economic mobility. Structural functionalism (Parson, 1997; Merton, 1997 et al.). With the approach to this theory, it can be said that inequality in education stems from the ascription to social class, strata, ethnic groups, etc., also due to individual’s achievements, which are usually associated with the innate talents and efforts. The analysis of an individual’s social functioning and social stratification is based on the approach to Capital theory (Bourdieu, 1986). Thus, the participation of education players in education system, also the accessibility of education to an individual depends on the volume and structure of the available capital. Participation in individual’s reproduction process and education system, based on the approach to this theory, is defined by individual’s habits (habitus), and harmony with individual’s social status. The theory of social conflict (Dahrendorf, 1996; Coser, 1969) argues that conflicts can be identified among all social systems and the educational institute. In terms of social conflict society is the actual and potential arena of conflicts. Network activity theory (Burt, 1982; Granovetter, 1973; Castells, 2005) aims to analyze and describe reciprocal link models in the social system. The followers of this theory keep to the opinion that social structures need to be investigated first, as the players’ behavior is constrained by social structures. Very often it is the case at education institution that students from the disadvantaged families, with negative evaluations or various disorders, are often isolated from the classroom and school community.

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Heiskala, Risto. "Economy and society: from Parsons through Habermas to semiotic institutionalism." Social Science Information 46, no. 2 (June 2007): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018407076648.

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English The great transformation to modernity made the economy the major organizing factor of the social synthesis, thus bringing forth the issue of the economy/society relationship as the central problem of modern social theory. This article deals with two broad approaches to this problem: Parsons's and Habermas's variants of structural-functionalism, on the one hand, and various currents of (neo)institutionalism, on the other. An attempt to synthesize the benefits of these conflicting approaches is made from the point of view of semiotic institutionalism. What emerges is a general theoretical framework, which is better equipped than the original structural-functionalist and institutionalist conceptions for the analysis of the economy/society relationship. French Les grandes transformations vers la modernité ont fait de l'économie le principal facteur organisateur de la synthèse sociale, portant sur le devant de la scène la question de la relation économie/société en tant que question centrale de la théorie sociale moderne. L'article s'intéresse à deux grandes approches de cette question: les variantes structuro-fonctionnalistes de Parsons et Habermas d'une part, et divers courants du (néo)institutionnalisme de l'autre. L'auteur s'efforce de faire la synthèse des points forts de ces deux approches conflictuelles du point de vue de l'institutionnalisme sémiotique. Il en émerge un cadre théorique général plus adapté que les conceptions structurofonctionnalistes et institutionnalistes à l'analyse de la relation économie/société.

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Paleček, Martin. "Claude Lévi-Strauss: překonat okouzlení." Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 32, no. 3 (December 21, 2010): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2010.86.

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When we consider which kind of theory we should apply to a given problem, one of the most important criteria is the effect of its application. In other words: we evaluate theories in terms of their abilities to solve problems. In this essay I would like to indicate which kinds of problems are crucial for social sciences and illustrate these problems by means of the structuralist criticism of functionalism. I argue that the Levi-Strauss’ proclamations about his method have never been fulfilled and that the structural anthropology is not satisfactory.

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Walter, Sven. "Cognitive extension: the parity argument, functionalism, and the mark of the cognitive." Synthese 177, no. 2 (November 2010): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-010-9844-x.

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Tucker, Chris. "On what inferentially justifies what: the vices of reliabilism and proper functionalism." Synthese 191, no. 14 (April 20, 2014): 3311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-014-0446-x.

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Verweij, Marco. "Towards a Theory of Constrained Relativism: Comparing and Combining the Work of Pierre Bourdieu, Mary Douglas and Michael Thompson, and Alan Fiske." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 6 (January 2008): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1595.

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In this article, I seek to compare Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice, the cultural theory developed by Mary Douglas and Michael Thompson, and the relational models theory pioneered by Alan Fiske, and attempt to sketch how these theories could possibly be combined. I argue that the three theories are among the most interesting conceptual enterprises in the social sciences of the last few decades, as they all represent –quite similar– syntheses of long-standing social-science dualisms, such as objectivism vs. subjectivism, social structure vs. free will, functionalism vs. social conflict, etc. Besides these commonalities, I spell out the relative strengths and weaknesses of each of these approaches. This allows me to conclude by considering whether, and how, it might be possible to synthesise these syntheses by picking the most interesting features of the three theories, and avoiding their less appealing ones.

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Storper, M. "Big Structures, Small Events, and Large Processes in Economic Geography." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, no. 2 (February 1988): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200165.

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The social sciences have tended to look for logics of social processes or of social structures, both of which may be relatively invariant with respect to specific events or may be viewed as determining specific sequences of events. These models are, by virtue of their deep logic, timeless. Most of the recent attempts in social theory to avoid the functionalism and determinism of timeless models have introduced contingency into the structure—events relationship. In this paper I argue, by contrast, that one needs theoretical apparatuses to explain ‘paths taken’ and ‘paths foreclosed’ in concrete events in social life. Small events have a certain theoretical ‘agency’ in the construction of large social processes and the latter, in turn, are the stuff out of which social structures are ultimately made or broken. The case of technological change and industry location is used to illustrate this logic, and its implications for theories of urbanisation are suggested.

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Khaerul Umam and Husni Mubarok. "The Function of Islamic Boarding School as a Driver of Social Change: Case Study of Mamba'ul Ishlah Islamic Boarding School in East Lampung." EMPIRISMA: JURNAL PEMIKIRAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM 32, no. 1 (January 22, 2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/empirisma.v32i1.932.

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The habit of getting drunk and gambling rampant in the Cirebon Baru hamlet is a general problem faced by the community in Indonesia. This habit is considered a negative one because it contradicts the norms that the community has agreed upon. This negative behavior changed with the birth and development of the Mamba'ul Ishlah Islamic boarding school, driven by several religious leaders. This article aims to analyze the structural functionalism process carried out by the boarding school through its religious leaders so that it can change the social system of the community in a more positive direction. Through a case study approach, this article explains in an analytical descriptive manner. The theory used to analyze the case is Talcott Parson's structural functionalism which includes adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency pattern. This article found two important things related to the role of Islamic boarding schools in social change in the community, namely the cultural part by taking a more persuasive and intimate approach, namely by cutting the communication distance with the community through the tradition of jagongan and jokes. Second, the structural role is by utilizing the increasing social status of religious leaders so that they have complete legitimacy to direct the community in a more positive direction, namely the perpetuation of spiritual routines such as yasinan, istighotsah, shalawat assemblies, and yellow book recitation.

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Hurtado-Parrado, Camilo, Javier Virues-Ortega, Toby Martin, and Flávia Julio. "Causes of Behavioral Processes: An Interview with Mario A. Bunge." Universitas Psychologica 10, no. 3 (September 24, 2011): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy10-3.cbpi.

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Mario A. Bunge is one of the most prominent philosophers and humanists of our time. His vast record of publications has covered, among others, epistemology, ontology, ethics, philosophy of natural and social sciences, philosophy of technology, and philosophy of mind. A topic that intersects many of these areas and is recurrent in Bunge’s work is causality. His analyses of the causal principle, and the redefinition of determinism into near-determinism have been applied to different philosophical issues that range from the causal role of neuronal functioning to the laws of social phenomena. Bunge has criticized functionalism, cognitivism, computationalism, behaviourism, and idealism in their attempt to explain human and non-human behaviour. This article results from an extensive interview held with Dr. Bunge in which we discussed a variety of conceptual issues related to the notions of causality and explanation in psychology.

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Hurtado-Parrado, Camilo, Javier Virues-Ortega, Toby Martin, and Flávia Julio. "Causas de los Procesos Comportamentales: Un diálogo con Mario Bunge." Universitas Psychologica 10, no. 3 (September 24, 2011): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy10-3.cobp.

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Mario A. Bunge is one of the most prominent philosophers and humanists of our time. His vast record of publications has covered, among others, epistemology, ontology, ethics, philosophy of natural and social sciences, philosophy of technology, and philosophy of mind. A topic that intersects many of these areas and is recurrent in Bunge’s work is causality. His analyses of the causal principle, and the redefinition of determinism into near-determinism have been applied to different philosophical issues that range from the causal role of neuronal functioning to the laws of social phenomena. Bunge has criticized functionalism, cognitivism, computationalism, behaviourism, and idealism in their attempt to explain human and non-human behaviour. This article results from an extensive interview held with Dr. Bunge in which we discussed a variety of conceptual issues related to the notions of causality and explanation in psychology.

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Dziubiński, Zbigniew, and Martyna Sitek. "SOCIAL TRUST AND TOURISM." Folia Turistica 49 (December 31, 2018): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0818.

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Purpose. The aim of the work is to learn the theoretical assumptions regarding the culture of trust and culture of distrust in relation to (post) modern tourism. Method. The basic method is to analyseliterature on the subject using the two theoretical perspectives dominating in sociology, namely the perspectives of functionalism and the perspective of symbolic interactionism. Results. If there is a high level of trust in the field of tourism, the result of this situation is optimism, commitment and innovation, a climate of mobilisation, activity, the potential for creativity is released, and people have a sense of freedom and subjectivity. As a consequence, structural conditions for the development of tourism are created. The reverse situation occurs when the culture of mistrust is dominant in tourism, which leads to withdrawal, passivity, demobilisation, atomisation, alienation and distancing itself from other individual and collective actors of the tourist scene. This state of affairs causes reduction in the subjective potential of the tourism community, the ability to creatively, innovatively and strengthen the culture of distrust in tourism. Research and conclusions limitations. No limitations of the tests occurred. Inference, as in the social sciences, is probabilistic in nature. Practical implications. The final conclusions should contribute to greater awareness of tourism participants about the role and importance of social trust in the development of the area of life that interests us. Originality. The description of tourism uses a soft variable which is social trust. The work is to make all tourism participants aware that this variable, after aggregation, is transformed into a powerful force that determines the progress or regression of tourism. Type of work. The article is a theoretical review in which the analysis of the phenomenon of modern tourism from a sociological perspective and using the notion of the innovative concept in scientific circulation of social trust is undertaken.

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Bazić, Jovan. "The Social Aspects of Sport." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2018-0005.

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SummaryIn this paper we evaluated the basic viewpoints on the mutual relations between contemporary sport and society. Sport is a global social phenomenon which is determined by a variety of different processes, including: the fast development of the industrial society and capital, an increase in leisure time, the development of a liberal democracy and the media. A special feature in these relations is the overall globalization process in today’s world. The basic structure of this paper is made up of two functional parts. In the first part we indicate the dominant theoretical-methodological paradigms in studying sport in social sciences, especially sociology: functionalism, conflict theory in society, interpretive and postmodern theory. In the second part of the paper we analyze the dialectics of contemporary relations between sport and society, where special attention is dedicated to the distribution of social power between sport, capital and the media at the local and global level. At the local level especially, there is a pronounced influence of politics on sport, which is realized through various mechanisms of government power, as well as other political subjects. The most solid bonds between sport and society on both levels are maintained by capital and the media, which know no boundaries. Through ownership and mechanisms of financing sports clubs and associations, athletes and athletic events, an entire network of capitalist relations in sport was created. Sport has become one of the most important factors of television programs, the internet and social networks, which has led to an enormous growth in profit and popularity of sport, but also to great changes in the social relations between people.

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Cornwell, Benjamin, and Edward O. Laumann. "If Parsons had Pajek: The Relevance of Midcentury Structural-Functionalism to Dynamic Network Analysis." Journal of Social Structure 17, no. 1 (2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/joss-2019-010.

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Wasilah, Siti. "Education in a Functional Structural Perspective and Conflict Regarding Social Relations in Society." JUPE : Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2023): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.58258/jupe.v8i3.5922.

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In the structural functional approach, society is seen as a collection of interrelated parts. In society, reciprocity and symbiotic relationships are mutualism. A system is dynamic when it strives towards equilibrium. The existence of social dysfunction or social differences can eventually be resolved by itself as a result of adaptation and institutionalization processes. This research aims at How Education in a Functional Structural Perspective and Conflicts About Social Relations in Society. In this study the author of this study was written using library techniques. Reading the latest literature provides primary data. the results of this research include that Learning or Education is a process of changing the behavior of both individuals and groups in an effort to mature humans through teaching and training efforts and also called education is a way and process and act of educating, Structural Functional Knowledge recognizes that Functionalism or Structural theory focuses on Social integration, social stability, and consensus on key values

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Prayetno, Nanda Sekti, and Bambang Qomaruzzaman. "Tradisi Peusijuek Sebagai Sarana Mediasi di Tengah Penegakan Syariat Islam di Aceh." TEMALI : Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jt.v4i1.11169.

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This study aims to find out how the peusijuek tradition as a means of mediation which is a relic of Hindu culture and deeds considered heretic so that it is not following Islamic law is still preserved in Kuta Baro District, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, in which researchers directly obtain information from direct interviews and thorough literature review. In conducting this research, the researcher used the cultural functionalism theory, according to Malinowski. The theory of functionalism explains that the elements of culture have a relationship and reveals specific patterns or at least the reasons for these patterns to survive and be recognized by society. The peusijuek tradition as a means of mediation in the middle of Islamic law in Aceh has a significant role in society, because it has certain functions, namely as a carrier of prosperity, to expect blessings, maintain harmony between citizens, and preserve cultural heritage. Until now, peusijuek has become a social reality and has become an identity for the people of Aceh, especially the people in Kuta Baro District, Aceh Besar District.

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Kuzina, O., and M. Chernysheva. "Corporate charity and corporate philanthropy in russia: an economic sociology analysis." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2016): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-3-115-130.

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Several approaches exist that help explain the motivations for corporate charity and philanthropy. Structural functionalism associates these to the idea of solidarity, according to institutional approach they provide legitimacy for businesses, critical theory implies that they play an ideological role in sustaining the leading position of the dominating social class. This paper complements the existing models by treating these phenomena as a patrimonial type of exchange between business and government: the state provides the opportunity for the companies to do business on its territory in exchange for their loyalty.

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Bak, Greg. "Counterweight: Helen Samuels, Archival Decolonization, and Social License." American Archivist 84, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 420–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-84.2.420.

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ABSTRACT Helen Samuels sought to document institutions in society by adding to official archives counterweights of private records and archivist-created records such as oral histories. In this way, she recognized and sought to mitigate biases that arise from institution-centric application of archival functionalism. Samuels's thinking emerged from a late-twentieth-century consensus on the social license for archival appraisal, which formed around the work of West German archivist Hans Booms, who wrote, “If there is indeed anything or anyone qualified to lend legitimacy to archival appraisal, it is society itself.” Today, archivists require renewed social license in light of acknowledgment that North American governments and institutions sought to open lands for settlement and for exploitation of natural resources by removing or eliminating Indigenous peoples. Can a society be said to “lend legitimacy” to archival appraisal when it has grossly violated human, civil, and Indigenous rights? Starting from the question of how to create an adequate archives of Canada's Indigenous residential school system, the author locates Samuels's work amid other late-twentieth-century work on appraisal and asks how far her thinking can take us in pursuit of archival decolonization.

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Cohen, James K. "Structural versus Functional Determinants of New York’s Fiscal Policies towards Metropolitan Transportation, 1904–1990." Social Science History 15, no. 2 (1991): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021076.

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A central concern of both sociological theory and historical inquiry involves the relationships between structure and function. The two foremost grand theories of the past 100 years, structural functionalism and Marxism, posit opposing answers to the question of whether structure determines function, or vice versa. Contemporary studies in fields as diverse as urban politics and organizational sociology continue to draw inspiration from this conundrum, since the “answer” has such profound implications for understanding the driving forces within society and history.The present article follows in this tradition. An examination of the history of capital finance within transportation is used to elucidate the direction of causality in relationships between structural arrangements, such as the amount and kinds of debt used for capital investment, and functional outcomes, such as growth in new kinds of transportation services.

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Dash, Kishor Kumar. "Strategic CSR perspectives hold key to sustainable tourism development in the Society 5.0." Brazilian Journal of Development 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2024): e67812. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n3-010.

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The purpose of this paper is to report about research on how Society 5.0 balances Industry 4.0, responsible economic development and resolution of social problems by advancement of perspective corporate social responsibility (CSR) in organizations. Drawing from organisation, sustainable tourism development and social functionalism theories, the author designed an integral model of CSR in the line with goals of a forward looking and socially responsible society. This study includes analysing of present governing principles. The findings of this research paper suggest technology models of Corporate Social Responsibility, a regionally grounded solving of individuals social problems and changing of CSRs environmental, social and economic dimensions according to the circumstances of Society 5.0. Because there is a limit to what people can do, the task of finding s the necessary information from overflowing data and analysing it was a burden and scope of action were restricted due to age factor and degrees of ability. The study was created guidance for improvement of CSR practice in organisations through its responsible operation and behaviour grounded on the governing environmental and social circumstances in modern society. It proposes an integral technology-based model for sustainable economic growth.

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Koss Hartmann, Rasmus. "Subversive functionalism: For a less canonical critique in critical management studies." Human Relations 67, no. 5 (October 10, 2013): 611–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726713497522.

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Stevanović, Vladimir. "Racionalizam u arhitekturi: nekoliko modela instrumentalizacije / Rationalism in Architecture: Several Models of Instrumentalization." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 6 (October 15, 2014): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i6.80.

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Rationalism in architecture is a European concept which, from Enlightment to postmodern era, advocates values of order, clarity and logic, represented through primary geometrism, functionalism, profitability and absence of ornament. The text connects and analyzes (1) formal-stilistic manifestations of rationalism in architecture: French neoclassicism; Soviet constructivism, German new objectivity, Italian rationalism; postmodern Italian neorationalism in the context of (2) dominant paradigms which directs them: divine nature; technological-utilitarian; autonomus-selfreferent, and (3) social, economic, ideological and cultural activities around which they are organized, such as: French bourgeois revolution; proleterian-communist, socialdemocratic and faschist ideas beteween two World wars; critical procession of populist values in mass consumer society and global capitalist economy at the threshold of postmodern era.

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Jouvenet, Morgan. "Contexts and Temporalities in Andrew Abbott's Processual Sociology." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 71, no. 03 (September 2016): 361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568218000067.

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Since the 1970s, Andrew Abbott has promoted an original and ambitious project for the social sciences. In particular, he has argued for the development of a “processual sociology” based on precepts first articulated by the Chicago tradition of sociology and in his view somewhat forgotten. Against functionalism, against the “variables paradigm,” he has emphasized the Chicago tradition's focus on patterns of interaction and their contexts, and has deepened our analysis of the local and ever-particular dimensions of social entities by considering their inscription in successive sequences. As well as seeking to formalize these sequences, this vision aims to link processes playing out at different rhythms and levels. As a project it is based on a conception of social life as a “world of events,” where “change is the normal nature of things” and “not something that happens occasionally to stable social actors.” This makes it possible to explain the emergence and durability of social entities (for example, professions and disciplines) in the flow of events. The originality of this approach consists in founding a new institutionalist analysis of social realities on this ontology of perpetual movement.Marked by American pragmatism but also traversed by the question of order and social structures, Abbott's oeuvre offers an original approach to the diversity of contexts and temporalities in processes that, through the intermingling of various “lineages,” constitute social traditions and entities. This article presents Abbott's contextualist theses and the intellectual background against which they emerged. It also considers the place that the processual approach accords to contingency and personhood, factors that enable Abbot to work toward a synthesis of history and sociology.

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Chashina, Zhanna V., and Aleksey I. Belkin. "Terminal Values of the Determinant of Leveling Social Inequality at the Regional Level." Economic History 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.059.018.202204.285-299.

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Introduction. The article draws attention to the historically existing problem of social inequality. It is noted that the development of a technogenic society objectively requires a moral dominant in solving the issue under study. The purpose of the article is to substantiate, within the framework of the axiological approach, the connection between terminal values and social inequality, in particular at the regional level. Materials and Methods. The theories of functionalism, conflict, the reputation of leading researchers of the problem of social inequality are the theoretical and methodological basis, as well as the theory of values by the American axiologist M. Rokeach. Statistical-documentary method and social survey data are used as a toolkit. Results. The article argues that the application of the analyzed approach is an effective way to level social inequality. The main factors of inequalities (health, education, well-being) associated directly with human capital are highlighted. Analysis of the processes of social inequality using the example of the Republic of Mordovia when considering the evolution of four vital areas (income, health, employment, and education) depending on gender and age and territory made it possible to reveal the confusion of legitimate and illegitimate grounds for inequality. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of social and territorial inequality made it possible to present a multidimensional model that includes certain innovations at the methodological level, providing a choice of indicators that clarify social realities, in particular in the Republic of Mordovia, in four areas (health, income, employment and education).

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Ethington, Philip, and Eileen McDonagh. "The Eclectic Center of the New Institutionalism." Social Science History 19, no. 4 (1995): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017478.

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This special sectionof Social Science Historylaunches a series of five articles illustrative of what we believe is an eclectic center in the development of historical studies of institutions and policies, often termed the “new institutionalism.” The new institutionalism emerged in the early 1980s in reaction to “a long season in which social forces and processes were the predominant topics of study” (Orren and Skowronek 1986). While the precise role of institutions varies according to the practitioner, hallmarks of the new institutionalism include a portrayal of institutions as semiautonomous actors; a contextualization of institutions within sociohistorical processes (and vice versa); a recognition of inefficiency, contingency, and accident in history; and a recognition of the relative autonomy of ideas and symbolic action in historical development (March and Olsen 1984, 1989; Krasner 1984; Smith 1988; Katznelson 1992). As is expected of new paradigms, the entry of the new institutionalism into the intellectual community has been marked by an array of polemics against its predecessors, “old” schools defined by “old institutionalism,” behaviorism, and structural functionalism. It has also generated a wave of spirited counterattacks (Mitchell 1991; Bendix et al. 1992; Ethington and McDonagh forthcoming).

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Kaminskas, Raimundas, and Žilvinas Darulis. "Peculiarities of medical sociology: application of social theories in analyzing health and medicine." Medicina 43, no. 2 (December 23, 2006): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina43020013.

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Objective. To reveal the peculiarities of medical sociology introducing the application of social theories in analyzing public health and medicine. Methods. Comparative and descriptive analysis of scientific references found and current situation. Results. During the last decade of the 20th century, the discussions about the sociology of health and medicine as separate discipline and its practical applications became more active. Main factors determined the growing importance of discipline were institutionalization of medicine and health care, changing patterns in doctor-patient relationships, different health perceptions, understanding of the influence of social factors on health, cardinal changes in the area of health technologies, consumeristic attitude towards health, appearance of market relationships within health care, and other global phenomena. In sociology, usual social theories such as structural functionalism, conflict, symbolic interaction, poststructuralism, feminist often attempt to explain the changes within health care. There is a relation of medical sociology and other types of sociology having common areas with medicine and health being analyzed in the article; social theories and their application in the field of health and medicine are being introduced attempting to explain the ongoing social changes in both Lithuania and the world. Conclusions. More and more attention in various areas of medical activities is being paid to the social aspects (both individual and society levels) of these activities, and there is a shift from applied sociology towards medical one. Despite the cessations of the development of medical sociology as separate branch of sciences, the researches of recent years are demonstrating obvious approaching modern research issues and methods, which do exist in contemporary world. Such tendencies show the prompt approaching of the academic community of Lithuania the general scientific standards which are dominating in the globalization-effected world.

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Semenov, Vitalii Andreevich. "Methodology for analyzing the decision-making process in the political system according to the CACI method." Право и политика, no. 8 (August 2023): 80–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2023.8.43823.

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This article presents a method for analyzing the decision-making process in a political system. The subject of the study is represented by the core of political decision-making, which is one of the subsystems of the political system. The object of the study is the political system of society. The study examines how the core of political decision-making interacts with the rest of the subsystems of the political system within short and long political cycles, and analyzes the stages of the political decision-making process. At the same time, within the framework of this work, the political system itself is presented in the context of a synergistic paradigm, as an open dynamic system included in the contour of social processes. The novelty of the study lies in the development of the CACI (conditions-actors-competition-implementation) method used to analyze the core of political decision-making. In the process of research, a revision of the internal content of the political system is also carried out according to the model of G. Almond, in particular, the separation of such an element as the core of political decision-making was carried out, and the redistribution of functionality between the remaining subsystems was carried out based on the principle of abstract functionalism of T. Parsons. It should also be noted that scientific novelty is expressed in the development of a clearer and more detailed model of the political system.

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Muschitiello, Angela. "Recuperare il ‘materno’ nella dimensione di cura autentica: una proposta pedagogica contro il radicalismo violento giovanile." Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare 21, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rief-10541.

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In the current era in which capitalism and functionalism have weakened human ties and deconstructed society, boys and girls live in a condition of worrying passive nihilism that is leading to the spread of increasingly alarming phenomena of violent radicalization. In this perspective, this contribution intends to reflect on the need to recover ‘the maternal dimension’ in the parent-child relationship. A dimension that symbolically represents ‘authentic human care’, pedagogically understood as an essential quality of the human condition (Iori, 2007) which in its essence responds to an ontological and vital need: that of continuing to be; to an ethical necessity: that of being there with meaning; and to a therapeutic need: that of repairing being there (Mortari, 2015). A cure to be revalued, today, to cope with the human ‘un-bond’ that characterizes the social ‘description’.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Functionalism (Social sciences)'

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