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Journal articles on the topic 'Functionalized biopolymers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 February 2023

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1

Qurat-ul-Ain, Khalid Mahmood Zia, Fatima Zia, Muhammad Ali, Saima Rehman, and Mohammad Zuber. "Lipid functionalized biopolymers: A review." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 93 (December 2016): 1057–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.071.

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2

Leung, Kasey S., Sajjad Shirazi, Lyndon F. Cooper, and Sriram Ravindran. "Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges." Cells 11, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11182851.

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In this review, we will discuss the current status of extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds for therapeutic applications and the challenges associated with the development of these functionalized scaffolds. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures and are involved in many physiological processes. Naïve and engineered EVs have much therapeutic potential, but proper delivery systems are required to prevent non-specific and off-target effects. Targeted and site-specific delivery using polymeric scaffolds can address these limitations. EV delivery with scaffolds has shown improvements in tissue remodeling, wound healing, bone healing, immunomodulation, and vascular performance. Thus, EV delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds is becoming an increasingly popular approach to tissue engineering. Although there are many types of natural and synthetic biopolymers, the overarching goal for many tissue engineers is to utilize biopolymers to restore defects and function as well as support host regeneration. Functionalizing biopolymers by incorporating EVs works toward this goal. Throughout this review, we will characterize extracellular vesicles, examine various biopolymers as a vehicle for EV delivery for therapeutic purposes, potential mechanisms by which EVs exert their effects, EV delivery for tissue repair and immunomodulation, and the challenges associated with the use of EVs in scaffolds.
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Giannakopoulou, Archontoula, Georgia Tsapara, Anastassios N. Troganis, Panagiota Koralli, Christos L. Chochos, Angeliki C. Polydera, Petros Katapodis, Nektaria-Marianthi Barkoula, and Haralambos Stamatis. "Development of a Multi-Enzymatic Approach for the Modification of Biopolymers with Ferulic Acid." Biomolecules 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12070992.

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A series of polymers, including chitosan (CS), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and a chitosan–gelatin (CS–GEL) hybrid polymer, were functionalized with ferulic acid (FA) derived from the enzymatic treatment of arabinoxylan through the synergistic action of two enzymes, namely, xylanase and feruloyl esterase. Subsequently, the ferulic acid served as the substrate for laccase from Agaricus bisporus (AbL) in order to enzymatically functionalize the above-mentioned polymers. The successful grafting of the oxidized ferulic acid products onto the different polymers was confirmed through ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, an enhancement of the antioxidant properties of the functionalized polymers was observed according to the DDPH and ABTS protocols. Finally, the modified polymers exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against bacterial populations of Escherichia coli BL21DE3 strain, suggesting their potential application in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries.
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Thakur, Vijay Kumar, Manju Kumari Thakur, and Raju Kumar Gupta. "Development of functionalized cellulosic biopolymers by graft copolymerization." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 62 (November 2013): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.026.

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Jiménez-Gómez, Carmen P., and Juan Antonio Cecilia. "Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer with a Wide and Varied Range of Applications." Molecules 25, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173981.

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Although chitin is of the most available biopolymers on Earth its uses and applications are limited due to its low solubility. The deacetylation of chitin leads to chitosan. This biopolymer, composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-units, has better physicochemical properties due to the facts that it is possible to dissolve this biopolymer under acidic conditions, it can adopt several conformations or structures and it can be functionalized with a wide range of functional groups to modulate its superficial composition to a specific application. Chitosan is considered a highly biocompatible biopolymer due to its biodegradability, bioadhesivity and bioactivity in such a way this biopolymer displays a wide range of applications. Thus, chitosan is a promising biopolymer for numerous applications in the biomedical field (skin, bone, tissue engineering, artificial kidneys, nerves, livers, wound healing). This biopolymer is also employed to trap both organic compounds and dyes or for the selective separation of binary mixtures. In addition, chitosan can also be used as catalyst or can be used as starting molecule to obtain high added value products. Considering these premises, this review is focused on the structure and modification of chitosan as well as its uses and applications.
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Repkova, M., M. Meshchaninova, D. Pyshnyi, and A. Venyaminova. "Oligoribonucleotides with Functionalized Nucleobases as New Modifiers of Biopolymers." Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 22, no. 5-8 (October 2003): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ncn-120023022.

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7

Pérez-Pedroza, Rosario, Alan Ávila-Ramírez, Zainab Khan, Manola Moretti, and Charlotte A. E. Hauser. "Supramolecular Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering." Advances in Polymer Technology 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8815006.

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Supramolecular biopolymers (SBPs) are those polymeric units derived from macromolecules that can assemble with each other by noncovalent interactions. Macromolecular structures are commonly found in living systems such as proteins, DNA/RNA, and polysaccharides. Bioorganic chemistry allows the generation of sequence-specific supramolecular units like SBPs that can be tailored for novel applications in tissue engineering (TE). SBPs hold advantages over other conventional polymers previously used for TE; these materials can be easily functionalized; they are self-healing, biodegradable, stimuli-responsive, and nonimmunogenic. These characteristics are vital for the further development of current trends in TE, such as the use of pluripotent cells for organoid generation, cell-free scaffolds for tissue regeneration, patient-derived organ models, and controlled delivery systems of small molecules. In this review, we will analyse the 3 subtypes of SBPs: peptide-, nucleic acid-, and oligosaccharide-derived. Then, we will discuss the role that SBPs will be playing in TE as dynamic scaffolds, therapeutic scaffolds, and bioinks. Finally, we will describe possible outlooks of SBPs for TE.
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Tai, Chia, Soukaina Bouissil, Enkhtuul Gantumur, Mary Stephanie Carranza, Ayano Yoshii, Shinji Sakai, Guillaume Pierre, Philippe Michaud, and Cédric Delattre. "Use of Anionic Polysaccharides in the Development of 3D Bioprinting Technology." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132596.

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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology is now one of the best ways to generate new biomaterial for potential biomedical applications. Significant progress in this field since two decades ago has pointed the way toward use of natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides. Generally, these biopolymers such as alginate possess specific reactive groups such as carboxylate able to be chemically or enzymatically functionalized to generate very interesting hydrogel structures with biomedical applications in cell generation. This present review gives an overview of the main natural anionic polysaccharides and focuses on the description of the 3D bioprinting concept with the recent development of bioprinting processes using alginate as polysaccharide.
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9

Chen, Shu-Jen, Pei-Chuan Hsieh, Yi-Lin Huang, and Ying-Rong Chen. "Preparation of quaternary ammonium functionalized magnetic particles for biopolymers isolation." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 108 (November 2009): S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.215.

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10

Pereira, Ana Margarida, Diana Gomes, André da Costa, Simoni Campos Dias, Margarida Casal, and Raul Machado. "Protein-Engineered Polymers Functionalized with Antimicrobial Peptides for the Development of Active Surfaces." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 5352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125352.

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Antibacterial resistance is a major worldwide threat due to the increasing number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria with medical devices being a major source of these infections. This suggests the need for new antimicrobial biomaterial designs able to withstand the increasing pressure of antimicrobial resistance. Recombinant protein polymers (rPPs) are an emerging class of nature-inspired biopolymers with unique chemical, physical and biological properties. These polymers can be functionalized with antimicrobial molecules utilizing recombinant DNA technology and then produced in microbial cell factories. In this work, we report the functionalization of rPBPs based on elastin and silk-elastin with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These polymers were produced in Escherichia coli, successfully purified by employing non-chromatographic processes, and used for the production of free-standing films. The antimicrobial activity of the materials was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and results showed that the polymers demonstrated antimicrobial activity, pointing out the potential of these biopolymers for the development of new advanced antimicrobial materials.
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Antonino, Leonardo Dalseno, Júlia Rocha Gouveia, Rogério Ramos de Sousa Júnior, Guilherme Elias Saltarelli Garcia, Luara Carneiro Gobbo, Lara Basílio Tavares, and Demetrio Jackson dos Santos. "Reactivity of Aliphatic and Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Kraft Lignin towards 4,4′ MDI." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082131.

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Several efforts have been dedicated to the development of lignin-based polyurethanes (PU) in recent years. The low and heterogeneous reactivity of lignin hydroxyl groups towards diisocyanates, arising from their highly complex chemical structure, limits the application of this biopolymer in PU synthesis. Besides the well-known differences in the reactivity of aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups, experimental work in which the reactivity of both types of hydroxyl, especially the aromatic ones present in syringyl (S-unit), guaiacyl (G-unit), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H-unit) building units are considered and compared, is still lacking in the literature. In this work, the hydroxyl reactivity of two kraft lignin grades towards 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) was investigated. 31P NMR allowed the monitoring of the reactivity of each hydroxyl group in the lignin structure. FTIR spectra revealed the evolution of peaks related to hydroxyl consumption and urethane formation. These results might support new PU developments, including the use of unmodified lignin and the synthesis of MDI-functionalized biopolymers or prepolymers.
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12

Roosen, Joris, and Koen Binnemans. "Adsorption and chromatographic separation of rare earths with EDTA- and DTPA-functionalized chitosan biopolymers." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 5 (2014): 1530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14622g.

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Dysprosium is enriched in comparison with neodymium at low pH values on EDTA- and DTPA-functionalized chitosan. The observed differences in selectivity are used to separate mixtures of rare earths by column chromatography.
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13

Ramadhan, Zeno Rizqi, Joo Won Han, Juhee Hong, Sung Bin Park, Jung Ha Kim, Anky Fitrian Wibowo, Ajeng Prameswati, et al. "Conductive PEDOT:PSS on surface-functionalized chitosan biopolymers for stretchable skin-like electronics." Organic Electronics 94 (July 2021): 106165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106165.

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14

Nairi, Valentina, Sara Medda, Marco Piludu, Maria Francesca Casula, Maria Vallet-Regì, Maura Monduzzi, and Andrea Salis. "Interactions between bovine serum albumin and mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with biopolymers." Chemical Engineering Journal 340 (May 2018): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.011.

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15

Grischenko, Lyudmila A., Lidiya N. Parshina, Lyudmila V. Kanitskaya, Lyudmila I. Larina, Lyubov N. Novikova, and Boris A. Trofimov. "Propargylation of arabinogalactan with propargyl halides—a facile route to new functionalized biopolymers." Carbohydrate Research 376 (July 2013): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.031.

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16

Dubus, Marie, Hassan Rammal, Halima Alem, Nicolae B. Bercu, Isabelle Royaud, Fabienne Quilès, Fouzia Boulmedais, Sophie C. Gangloff, Cedric Mauprivez, and Halima Kerdjoudj. "Boosting mesenchymal stem cells regenerative activities on biopolymers-calcium phosphate functionalized collagen membrane." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 181 (September 2019): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.021.

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17

Vázquez-González, Margarita, and Itamar Willner. "Aptamer-Functionalized Hybrid Nanostructures for Sensing, Drug Delivery, Catalysis and Mechanical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041803.

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Sequence-specific nucleic acids exhibiting selective recognition properties towards low-molecular-weight substrates and macromolecules (aptamers) find growing interest as functional biopolymers for analysis, medical applications such as imaging, drug delivery and even therapeutic agents, nanotechnology, material science and more. The present perspective article introduces a glossary of examples for diverse applications of aptamers mainly originated from our laboratory. These include the introduction of aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, Ag nanoclusters and semiconductor quantum dots as functional hybrid nanomaterials for optical sensing of target analytes. The use of aptamer-functionalized DNA tetrahedra nanostructures for multiplex analysis and aptamer-loaded metal-organic framework nanoparticles acting as sense-and-treat are introduced. Aptamer-functionalized nano and microcarriers are presented as stimuli-responsive hybrid drug carriers for controlled and targeted drug release, including aptamer-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles, carbon dots, metal-organic frameworks and microcapsules. A further application of aptamers involves the conjugation of aptamers to catalytic units as a means to mimic enzyme functions “nucleoapzymes”. In addition, the formation and dissociation of aptamer-ligand complexes are applied to develop mechanical molecular devices and to switch nanostructures such as origami scaffolds. Finally, the article discusses future challenges in applying aptamers in material science, nanotechnology and catalysis.
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Lupu, Andrei Cristian, Mihaela Bombos, Gabriel Vasilievici, and Liviu-Dan Miron. "Synthesis and Characterization of Inclusion Complex of Diminazene Aceturate with b-Ciclodextrin." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 2136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.6.7291.

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Cyclodextrins (CD) are macrocyclic biopolymers with potential applications in the delivery of small and macro-molecular therapeutic agents. Despite the potent host-guest inclusion property, their inherent lack of cellular binding ability has limited applications in drug delivery. Herein, we functionalized b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) with diminazene aceturate(DIMA), which are bioactive molecules, widely distributed some cells, and responsible for antiprotozoal activity. The inclusion complex of DIMA with b-CD was confirmed with textural, thermogravimetric, calorimetric, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. Thus, the proposed inclusion complex b-CD-DIMA system could be used as a site-specific drug delivery carrier.
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19

Hahm, Heung Sik, Mark K. Schlegel, Mattan Hurevich, Steffen Eller, Frank Schuhmacher, Johanna Hofmann, Kevin Pagel, and Peter H. Seeberger. "Automated glycan assembly using the Glyconeer 2.1 synthesizer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 17 (April 10, 2017): E3385—E3389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700141114.

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Reliable and rapid access to defined biopolymers by automated DNA and peptide synthesis has fundamentally altered biological research and medical practice. Similarly, the procurement of defined glycans is key to establishing structure–activity relationships and thereby progress in the glycosciences. Here, we describe the rapid assembly of oligosaccharides using the commercially available Glyconeer 2.1 automated glycan synthesizer, monosaccharide building blocks, and a linker-functionalized polystyrene solid support. Purification and quality-control protocols for the oligosaccharide products have been standardized. Synthetic glycans prepared in this way are useful reagents as the basis for glycan arrays, diagnostics, and carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, Djalal Trache, Thomas M. Klapötke, Burkhard Krumm, Abderrahmane Mezroua, Mehdi Derradji, and Wissam Bessa. "Design and characterization of new advanced energetic biopolymers based on surface functionalized cellulosic materials." Cellulose 28, no. 10 (May 24, 2021): 6107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03965-w.

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Avramescu, Sorin Marius, Claudia Butean, Claudia Valentina Popa, Alina Ortan, Ionut Moraru, and Georgeta Temocico. "Edible and Functionalized Films/Coatings—Performances and Perspectives." Coatings 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070687.

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In recent years, food packaging has evolved from an inert and polluting waste that remains after using the product toward an active item that can be consumed along with the food it contains. Edible films and coatings represent a healthy alternative to classic food packaging. Therefore, a significant number of studies have focused on the development of biodegradable enveloping materials based on biopolymers. Animal and vegetal proteins, starch, and chitosan from different sources have been used to prepare adequate packaging for perishable food. Moreover, these edible layers have the ability to carry different active substances such as essential oils—plant extracts containing polyphenols—which bring them considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. This review presents the latest updates on the use of edible films/coatings with different compositions with a focus on natural compounds from plants, and it also includes an assessment of their mechanical and physicochemical features. The plant compounds are essential in many cases for considerable improvement of the organoleptic qualities of embedded food, since they protect the food from different aggressive pathogens. Moreover, some of these useful compounds can be extracted from waste such as pomace, peels etc., which contributes to the sustainable development of this industry.
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Nemeş, Nicoleta Sorina, Cristina Ardean, Corneliu Mircea Davidescu, Adina Negrea, Mihaela Ciopec, Virgil Filaret Musta, Narcis Duţeanu, Petru Negrea, and Delia Muntean. "Symmetry between Structure–Antibacterial Effect of Polymers Functionalized with Phosphonium Salts." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030572.

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In actual context, when the terms of biomass and bioenergy are extensively used, it becomes clear that the comparative study of some biopolymers, such as cellulose and chitosan, can offer a large usage range, based on the scientific progress obtained in the biomaterials field. Starting from the structural similarity of these two polymers, we synthesized composite materials by grafting on their surface biocide substances (phosphonium salts). After testing the biocidal effect, we can conclude that the antibacterial effect depends on the ratio of support to phosphonium salt, influenced by the interaction between the cationic component of the biocides and by the anionic component of the bacterial cellular membrane. It was also observed that for the materials obtained by cellulose functionalization with tri-n-butyl-hexadecyl phosphonium bromide, the bacterial effect on E. coli strain was much better when chitosan was used as the support material.
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Falbo, Federica, Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri, Donatella Restuccia, and Francesca Aiello. "Natural Compounds and Biopolymers-Based Hydrogels Join Forces to Promote Wound Healing." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010271.

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Rapid and complete wound healing is a clinical emergency, mainly in pathological conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Many therapeutic tools are not resolutive, and the research for a more efficient remedial remains a challenge. Wound dressings play an essential role in diabetic wound healing. In particular, biocompatible hydrogels represent the most attractive wound dressings due to their ability to retain moisture as well as ability to act as a barrier against bacteria. In the last years, different functionalized hydrogels have been proposed as wound dressing materials, showing encouraging outcomes with great benefits in the healing of the diabetic wounds. Specifically, because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural bioactive compounds, as well as biomacromolecules such as polysaccharides and protein, are usually employed in the biomedical field. In this review, readers can find the main discoveries regarding the employment of naturally occurring compounds and biopolymers as wound healing promoters with antibacterial activity. The emerging approaches and engineered devices for effective wound care in diabetic patients are reported and deeply investigated.
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Coudane, Jean, Benjamin Nottelet, Julia Mouton, Xavier Garric, and Hélène Van Den Berghe. "Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Graft Copolymers: Synthesis Methods and Applications in the Biomedical Field: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 7339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217339.

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Synthetic biopolymers are attractive alternatives to biobased polymers, especially because they rarely induce an immune response in a living organism. Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a well-known synthetic aliphatic polyester universally used for many applications, including biomedical and environmental ones. Unlike poly lactic acid (PLA), PCL has no chiral atoms, and it is impossible to play with the stereochemistry to modify its properties. To expand the range of applications for PCL, researchers have investigated the possibility of grafting polymer chains onto the PCL backbone. As the PCL backbone is not functionalized, it must be first functionalized in order to be able to graft reactive groups onto the PCL chain. These reactive groups will then allow the grafting of new reagents and especially new polymer chains. Grafting of polymer chains is mainly carried out by “grafting from” or “grafting onto” methods. In this review we describe the main structures of the graft copolymers produced, their different synthesis methods, and their main characteristics and applications, mainly in the biomedical field.
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Ramadhan, Zeno Rizqi, Joo Won Han, Dong Jin Lee, Siti Aisyah Nurmaulia Entifar, Juhee Hong, Changhun Yun, and Yong Hyun Kim. "Surface-functionalized silver nanowires on chitosan biopolymers for highly robust and stretchable transparent conducting films." Materials Research Letters 7, no. 3 (January 6, 2019): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2018.1563837.

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Miao, Zhicong, Zilin Gao, Ruoxia Chen, Xiaoqing Yu, Zhiqiang Su, and Gang Wei. "Surface-bioengineered Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 16 (May 9, 2018): 1920–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180117111404.

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The conjugation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with biomolecules could create many outstanding biofunctions for the surface-functionalized nanoparticles and extend their biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the surface bioengineering of AuNPs with biomolecules, such as DNA, proteins, peptides, and biopolymers, in which the details on the structure, functions, and properties of surface- bioengineered AuNPs are discussed. In addition, the surface-biofunctionalization of AuNPs for biomedical applications like biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering are introduced. It is expected that this work will be very helpful for readers to understand the surface functionalization and engineering techniques for various metallic nanoparticles and design novel biomaterials for biomedical applications.
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El-Sayed, Hosam, Salwa Mowafi, Marwa Abou Taleb, and Claudia Vineis. "Structure and Potential Applications of Polyamide 6/Protein Electro-spun Nano-fibrous Mats in Sorption of Metal Ions and Dyes from Industrial Effluents." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 19, no. 4 (August 24, 2021): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2021.19.4.1436.

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The main objective of this work is the preparation of nano-fibrous mats (NFM) from polyamide 6 (PA6) reinforced and functionalized by renewable proteinic waste and examining their potential use for the sorption of heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater from textile plants. Two renewable waste biopolymers; namely keratin (from waste of wool combing) and sericin (from degumming of natural silk) were extracted and regenerated. NFM were prepared by electro-spinning of PA6/ biopolymer composites in formic acid using nozzle-less electro-spinneret. The potential of the prepared mats for sorption of Cr+6, Cr+3, Cu+2, and Pb+2 cations as well as anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater was assessed. The prepared composites were characterized by measuring their viscosity, nano-fibre diameter, pore size, thickness, and air permeability. The morphological structure of the electro-spun NFM was investigated by scanning electron Microscopy. Chemical and physical properties of the obtained mat were studied FTIR, TGA, DSC, and XRD. The capacity of the prepared NFM for sorption of cations and dyes depended on the mat composition and the nature of the adsorbed cation or dye. This work meets some environmental and economic demand by extraction of keratin and sericin from waste materials and their utilization in reinforcement of PA6 NFM for sorption of selected cations as well as dyes from textile effluents.
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Salis, Andrea, Maura Fanti, Luca Medda, Valentina Nairi, Francesca Cugia, Marco Piludu, Valeria Sogos, and Maura Monduzzi. "Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with Hyaluronic Acid and Chitosan Biopolymers. Effect of Functionalization on Cell Internalization." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2, no. 5 (April 22, 2016): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00502.

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Al Hakkak, Jafar, Warren J. Grigsby, Kalyani Kathirgamanathan, and Neil R. Edmonds. "Generation of Spherical Cellulose Nanoparticles from Ionic Liquid Processing via Novel Nonsolvent Addition and Drying." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2081027.

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A novel method to prepare spherical cellulose nanoparticles has been developed using imidazolium ionic liquid processing and regeneration from controlled acetonitrile nonsolvent addition and drying. Nanoparticles ranging from 100 to 400 nm have been prepared with high uniformity. Minimisation of moisture via solvent exchange drying led to discrete nanoparticles, whereas the presence of ambient moisture during regeneration contributed to aggregated morphologies. Chemical analyses of the spherical cellulose nanoparticles reveal a high-amorphous cellulose content. Furthermore, the range of particle sizes achieved with acetonitrile nonsolvent fractionation and solvent exchange drying suggest the size and uniformity of nanoparticle distributions reflect the fractionated cellulose weight fractions. This ionic liquid method is simple, energy efficient, and likely to have wide applicability across other biopolymers as well as potential to prepare surface functionalized spherical cellulose nanoparticles.
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Podshivalov, Aleksandr, Alexandra Toropova, Maria Fokina, and Mayya Uspenskaya. "Surface Morphology Formation of Edible Holographic Marker on Potato Starch with Gelatin or Agar Thin Coatings." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051123.

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Edible films and coatings based on biopolymers to protect and extend the shelf life of food and medicine can be functionalized, by applying a holographic marker on the coating surface for marking products or sensing storage conditions. In this work, holographic markers were prepared on the surface of thin biopolymer coatings based on starch, gelatin, agar and also starch/gelatin and starch/agar blends by the nanoimprint method from a film-forming solution. The morphology of the surface of holographic markers using optical microscopy in reflection mode was examined, as well as the reasons for its formation using an analysis of the flow curves of film-forming solutions. It was found that the surface morphology of the marker strongly depends on the composition, consistency index of film-forming solution and miscibility of the components. It was shown that the starch/agar film-forming solution at the ratio of 70/30 wt.% has a low consistency index value of 21.38 Pa·s0.88, compared to 64.56 Pa·s0.67 for pure starch at a drying temperature of 30 °C, and the components are well compatible. Thus, an isotropic morphology of the holographic marker surface was formed and the value of diffraction efficiency of 3% was achieved, compared to 1.5% for the marker made of pure starch. Coatings without holographic markers were analyzed by tensile strength and water contact angle, and their properties are highly dependent on their composition.
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Neves, Fernando B., Lucas L. Zanin, Rayanne R. Pereira, José Otávio C. S. Júnior, Roseane Maria R. Costa, André L. M. Porto, Sérgio A. Yoshioka, Alex Nazaré de Oliveira, David E. Q. Jimenez, and Irlon M. Ferreira. "Chitin and Silk Fibroin Biopolymers Modified by Oxone: Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction." Catalysts 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12080904.

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New materials from silk fibroin (FS-Ox) and chitin (CT-Ox) functionalized with Oxone® salt were developed for application in the synthesis of Knoevenagel adducts. The experiments were performed using benzaldehyde derivatives, malononitrile, and a mixture of water and ethanol as green solvents. The efficiency of conventional and microwave irradiation as heating sources for this reaction was also investigated. When the reactions were performed for 60 min under optimized conditions with conventional heating, twelve Knoevenagel adducts 2a–l were obtained, with good yields for both catalysts (CT-Ox 60–98% and FS-Ox 71–98%). When microwave irradiation was used, the reaction periods were reduced twelvefold, with the same Knoevenagel adducts with good CT-Ox (39–99%) and FS-Ox (35–99%) yields obtained in most cases. The reuse of these materials as catalysts in successive reactions was also evaluated, and CT-Ox FS-Ox were successfully used for 4 and 2 cycles, respectively. The results presented prove the efficiency of the CT-OxFS-Ox catalyst as a promising low-cost and reusable material with suitable catalytic properties to be applied in the aldol condensation reaction in a sustainable way.
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32

Rajesh, A. Michael, and Kiritkumar Mangaldas Popat. "Taste masking of azithromycin by resin complex and sustained release through interpenetrating polymer network with functionalized biopolymers." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 43, no. 5 (September 7, 2016): 732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2016.1224894.

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33

Simionescu, Bogdan C., Mioara Drobota, Daniel Timpu, Tudor Vasiliu, Cristina Ana Constantinescu, Daniela Rebleanu, Manuela Calin, and Geta David. "Biopolymers/poly(ε-caprolactone)/polyethylenimine functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite hybrid cryogel: Synthesis, characterization and application in gene delivery." Materials Science and Engineering: C 81 (December 2017): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.031.

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34

Yahia, Manel Ben, and Lotfi Sellaoui. "Adsorptive removal of sunset yellow dye by biopolymers functionalized with (3–aminopropyltriethoxysilane): Analytical investigation via advanced model." Journal of Molecular Liquids 312 (August 2020): 113395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113395.

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35

Lima, Victor V. C., Fabíola B. Dalla Nora, Enrique C. Peres, Glaydson S. Reis, Éder C. Lima, Marcos L. S. Oliveira, and Guilherme L. Dotto. "Synthesis and characterization of biopolymers functionalized with APTES (3–aminopropyltriethoxysilane) for the adsorption of sunset yellow dye." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 7, no. 5 (October 2019): 103410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103410.

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36

Ivan, Florina Daniela, Vera Balan, Maria Butnaru, Ionel Marcel Popa, and Liliana Verestiuc. "Magnetic Nanoparticles Inclusion into Scaffolds Based on Calcium Phosphates and Biopolymers for Bone Regeneration." Key Engineering Materials 745 (July 2017): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.745.16.

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Considering its functions (support, protection, assisting in movement and storage of minerals), the bone is an essential organ for the human body and the bone trauma/damages have a great impact on the human body functionality. For that reason a variety of biomaterials are studied for potential applications in bone regeneration or substitution. Bone substitution materials, with similar chemical composition to that of natural bone, and specifically those obtained by processes which mimic the natural bone formation in vivo, has been shown to be among the best. In this study, using a process of co-precipitation of calcium phosphate precursors on a mixture of biopolymers (chitosan, collagen, hialuronic acid) and magnetic nanoparticles (magnetite functionalized with chitosan), biodegradable biomimetic scaffolds have been obtained. In order to study their chemical structure, the biodegradable scaffolds have been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the biodegradable scaffolds, studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated a macroporous morphology, which influenced the retention of simulated biological fluids. A direct relationship between the scaffolds’ degradation rate and the concentration of the polymeric phase has been observed. The in vitro cytocompatibility tests indicate that the prepared scaffolds are biocompatible and assure and adequate mediums for osteoblasts.
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Thompson, Lachlan, Jalal Azadmanjiri, Mostafa Nikzad, Igor Sbarski, James Wang, and Aimin Yu. "Cellulose Nanocrystals: Production, Functionalization and Advanced Applications." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 58, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2019-0001.

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Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are a class of nanoscale biopolymers produced from cellulose sources. CNC materials have gained growing interests which can be attributed to their excellent properties such as excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties and high aspect ratio whilst also being an inexpensive material that can be produced from green and renewable sources. Due to the abundant hydroxyl functional groups, the surface of CNC materials are ready to be tuned and functionalized via chemical reactions allowing for many different applications, such as being a reinforcing agent to be incorporated into a hydrophobic polymer matrix. In this review paper,we firstly introduce the general methods for producing CNC from different sources. Different strategies used for surface modification ofCNCare then discussed. Finally, the recent progress on the applications of CNC and CNC composite materials are described in detail.
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38

Benettayeb, Asmaa, Amine Morsli, Khalid Z. Elwakeel, Mohammed F. Hamza, and Eric Guibal. "Recovery of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnetic Glycine-Modified Chitosan—Application to Aqueous Solutions and Tailing Leachate." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 8377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188377.

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The necessity of decontaminating effluents for the dual purpose of environmental beneficiation and valorization of low-grade resources is driving the development of new sorbents. The functionalization of biopolymers is a promising strategy for improving sorption performance. Incorporating magnetic micro-particles offers an opportunity for the facilitated recovery of spent micron-size sorbent. Combining magnetic facilities and biopolymer functionalization represents a winning strategy. Magnetic glycine-grafted chitosan (G@MChs) was synthesized for the sorption of Ni(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II) before being applied to the removal of hazardous and strategic metals from tailing leachates. The sorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, before and after metal sorption. The acid–base properties of functionalized sorbent were also determined (pHPZC). Uptake kinetics were studied in mono- and multi-component solutions using different equations for kinetic modeling at optimized pH (i.e., pH0: 5.5). Langmuir and Sips equations were applied to model sorption isotherms in single-component solutions. In addition, sorption isotherms in multi-component solutions were used to evaluate the preference for selected metals. Maximum sorption capacities were 0.35 mmol Hg g−1, 0.47 mmol Zn g−1, and 0.50 mmol Ni g−1. Acidified urea solution (pH 2.7) successfully desorbs metal ions from G@MChs (desorption > 90%). The sorbent was tested for the recovery of hazardous and strategic metal ions from acidic leachates of tailings. This study demonstrates the promising performance of G@MChs for the treatment of complex metal-bearing solutions.
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Aguzin, Ana, José Ignacio Jerkovich, Julieta Trucone, Ludmila Irene Ronco, Roque Javier Minari, and Luis Marcelino Gugliotta. "ACRYLIC-CASEIN LATEXES WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATION AS ADHESIVES." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 50, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2020.489.

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The replacement of monomers derived from petrochemical sources by biopolymers like proteins, together with the development of new materials with improved properties, have an increasing importance in industrial applications. In this context, the synthesis of acrylic-casein hybrid latexes was investigated through a low environmental impact strategy, such as the surfactant-free emulsion polymerization, with the aim of producing new industrial adhesives. Different aspects of the synthesis of hybrid latexes were addressed, such us i) the use of variable content of protein; ii) the control of grafting degree between polymers, using native casein (without chemical modification) or functionalized casein, and iii) the employment of a chain transfer agent to reduce molecular weights of the acrylic polymer. The effect of the analyzed variables on the polymerization kinetics, the degree of compatibility between polymers, and the application properties of the produced latexes as adhesives were investigated.
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40

Balíková, Katarína, Bence Farkas, Peter Matúš, and Martin Urík. "Prospects of Biogenic Xanthan and Gellan in Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Waters." Polymers 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235326.

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Biosorption is considered an effective technique for the treatment of heavy-metal-bearing wastewaters. In recent years, various biogenic products, including native and functionalized biopolymers, have been successfully employed in technologies aiming for the environmentally sustainable immobilization and removal of heavy metals at contaminated sites, including two commercially available heteropolysaccharides—xanthan and gellan. As biodegradable and non-toxic fermentation products, xanthan and gellan have been successfully tested in various remediation techniques. Here, to highlight their prospects as green adsorbents for water decontamination, we have reviewed their biosynthesis machinery and chemical properties that are linked to their sorptive interactions, as well as their actual performance in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated waters. Their sorptive performance in native and modified forms is promising; thus, both xanthan and gellan are emerging as new green-based materials for the cost-effective and efficient remediation of heavy metal-contaminated waters.
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41

Terriza, Antonia, Jose I. Vilches-Pérez, Emilio de la Orden, Francisco Yubero, Juan L. Gonzalez-Caballero, Agustin R. González-Elipe, José Vilches, and Mercedes Salido. "Osteoconductive Potential of Barrier NanoSiO2PLGA Membranes Functionalized by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253590.

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The possibility of tailoring membrane surfaces with osteoconductive potential, in particular in biodegradable devices, to create modified biomaterials that stimulate osteoblast response should make them more suitable for clinical use, hopefully enhancing bone regeneration. Bioactive inorganic materials, such as silica, have been suggested to improve the bioactivity of synthetic biopolymers. An in vitro study on HOB human osteoblasts was performed to assess biocompatibility and bioactivity of SiO2functionalized poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) membranes, prior to clinical use. A 15 nm SiO2layer was deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD), onto a resorbable PLGA membrane. Samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). HOB cells were seeded on sterilized test surfaces where cell morphology, spreading, actin cytoskeletal organization, and focal adhesion expression were assessed. As proved by the FT-IR analysis of samples, the deposition by PECVD of the SiO2onto the PLGA membrane did not alter the composition and other characteristics of the organic membrane. A temporal and spatial reorganization of cytoskeleton and focal adhesions and morphological changes in response to SiO2nanolayer were identified in our model. The novedous SiO2deposition method is compatible with the standard sterilization protocols and reveals as a valuable tool to increase bioactivity of resorbable PLGA membranes.
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42

Londoño-Berrío, Maritza, Sandra Pérez-Buitrago, Isabel Cristina Ortiz-Trujillo, Lina M. Hoyos-Palacio, Luz Yaneth Orozco, Lucelly López, Diana G. Zárate-Triviño, John A. Capobianco, and Pedro Mena-Giraldo. "Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Azobenzene-Based Polymeric Nanocarriers for Phototriggered Drug Release and Biomedical Applications." Polymers 14, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 3119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153119.

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Drug nanoencapsulation increases the availability, pharmacokinetics, and concentration efficiency for therapeutic regimes. Azobenzene light-responsive molecules experience a hydrophobicity change from a polar to an apolar tendency by trans–cis photoisomerization upon UV irradiation. Polymeric photoresponse nanoparticles (PPNPs) based on azobenzene compounds and biopolymers such as chitosan derivatives show prospects of photodelivering drugs into cells with accelerated kinetics, enhancing their therapeutic effect. PPNP biocompatibility studies detect the safe concentrations for their administration and reduce the chance of side effects, improving the effectiveness of a potential treatment. Here, we report on a PPNP biocompatibility evaluation of viability and the first genotoxicity study of azobenzene-based PPNPs. Cell line models from human ventricular cardiomyocytes (RL14), as well as mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) as proof of concept, were exposed to different concentrations of azobenzene-based PPNPs and their precursors to evaluate the consequences on mitochondrial metabolism (MTT assay), the number of viable cells (trypan blue exclusion test), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage (comet assay). Lethal concentrations of 50 (LC50) of the PPNPs and their precursors were higher than the required drug release and synthesis concentrations. The PPNPs affected the cell membrane at concentrations higher than 2 mg/mL, and lower concentrations exhibited lesser damage to cellular genetic material. An azobenzene derivative functionalized with a biopolymer to assemble PPNPs demonstrated biocompatibility with the evaluated cell lines. The PPNPs encapsulated Nile red and dofetilide separately as model and antiarrhythmic drugs, respectively, and delivered upon UV irradiation, proving the phototriggered drug release concept. Biocompatible PPNPs are a promising technology for fast drug release with high cell interaction opening new opportunities for azobenzene biomedical applications.
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43

Di Prima, Giulia, Mariano Licciardi, Flavia Bongiovì, Giovanna Pitarresi, and Gaetano Giammona. "Inulin-Based Polymeric Micelles Functionalized with Ocular Permeation Enhancers: Improvement of Dexamethasone Permeation/Penetration through Bovine Corneas." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091431.

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Ophthalmic drug delivery is still a challenge due to the protective barriers of the eye. A common strategy to promote drug absorption is the use of ocular permeation enhancers, while an innovative approach is the use of polymeric micelles. In the present work, the two mentioned approaches were coupled by conjugating ocular permeation enhancers (PEG2000, carnitine, creatine, taurine) to an inulin-based co-polymer (INU-EDA-RA) in order to obtain self-assembling biopolymers with permeation enhancer properties for the hydrophobic drug dexamethasone (DEX). Inulin derivatives were properly synthetized, were found to expose about 2% mol/mol of enhancer molecules in the side chain, and resulted able to self-assemble at various concentrations by varying the pH and the ionic strength of the medium. Moreover, the ability of polymeric micelles to load dexamethasone was demonstrated, and size, mucoadhesiveness, and cytocompatibility against HCE cells were evaluated. Furthermore, the efficacy of the permeation enhancer was evaluated by ex vivo permeation studies to determine the performance of the used enhancers, which resulted in PEG2000 > CAR > TAU > CRE, while entrapment ability studies resulted in CAR > TAU > PEG2000 > CRE, both for fluorescent-labelled and DEX-loaded micelles. Finally, an increase in terms of calculated Kp and Ac parameters was demonstrated, compared with the values calculated for DEX suspension.
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44

Amorim, Lúcia F. A., Cláudia Mouro, Martijn Riool, and Isabel C. Gouveia. "Antimicrobial Food Packaging Based on Prodigiosin-Incorporated Double-Layered Bacterial Cellulose and Chitosan Composites." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020315.

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Nowadays, food packaging systems have shifted from a passive to an active role in which the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds into biopolymers can promote a sustainable way to reduce food spoilage and its environmental impact. Accordingly, composite materials based on oxidized-bacterial cellulose (BC) and poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan (PVA-CH) nanofibers were produced by needleless electrospinning and functionalized with the bacterial pigment prodigiosin (PG). Two strategies were explored, in the first approach PG was incorporated in the electrospun PVA-CH layer, and TEMPO-oxidized BC was the substrate for nanofibers deposition (BC/PVA-CH_PG composite). In the second approach, TEMPO-oxidized BC was functionalized with PG, and afterward, the PVA-CH layer was electrospun (BC_PG/PVA-CH composite). The double-layer composites obtained were characterized and the nanofibrous layers displayed smooth fibers with average diameters of 139.63 ± 65.52 nm and 140.17 ± 57.04 nm, with and without pigment incorporation, respectively. FTIR-ATR analysis confirmed BC oxidation and revealed increased intensity at specific wavelengths, after pigment incorporation. Moreover, the moderate hydrophilic behavior, as well as the high porosity exhibited by each layer, remained mostly unaffected after PG incorporation. The composites’ mechanical performance and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) evaluation indicated the suitability of the materials for certain food packaging solutions, especially for fresh products. Additionally, the red color provided by the bacterial pigment PG on the external surface of a food packaging material is also a desirable effect, to attract the consumers’ attention, creating a multifunctional material. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated and, PVA-CH_PG, and BC_PG layers exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, the fabricated composites can be considered for application in active food packaging, owing to PG antimicrobial potential, to prevent foodborne pathogens (with PG incorporated into the inner layer of the food packaging material, BC/PVA-CH_PG composite), but also to prevent external contamination, by tackling the exterior of food packaging materials (with PG added to the outer layer, BC_PG/PVA-CH composite).
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45

Peponi, Laura, Karla A. Barrera-Rivera, José M. Kenny, Ángel Marcos-Fernandez, Antonio Martinez-Richa, and Daniel López. "Bio-Catalysis for the Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 4064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224064.

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In this work, the chemical modification of cellulose nanocrystals (NCs) using an enzyme as a catalyst has been performed by a “grafting from” reaction, in order to covalently functionalize the external surface of NCs with both poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) by ring-opening polymerization. Firstly, cellulose nanocrystals were prepared from commercial cellulose microcrystals by acid hydrolysis and then functionalized by using Yarrowia lipolytica lipase immobilized on Lewatit resin as a catalyst. To confirm the success of the grafting reactions, 1H-NMR has been performed as well as FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis has been used to determine the amount of polymeric chains grafted onto the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. Furthermore, the crystalline nature of the polymeric chains grafted onto the cellulose surface has been studied by DSC, X-ray scattering, as well as SAXS analysis. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a biocatalyst approach has been used to obtain biopolymeric functionalized cellulose nanocrystals.
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46

Negi, Arvind, and Kavindra Kumar Kesari. "Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation of Antibacterial Essential Oils." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081265.

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Chitosan is the most suitable encapsulation polymer because of its natural abundance, biodegradability, and surface functional groups in the form of free NH2 groups. The presence of NH2 groups allows for the facile grafting of functionalized molecules onto the chitosan surface, resulting in multifunctional materialistic applications. Quaternization of chitosan’s free amino is one of the typical chemical modifications commonly achieved under acidic conditions. This quaternization improves its ionic character, making it ready for ionic–ionic surface modification. Although the cationic nature of chitosan alone exhibits antibacterial activity because of its interaction with negatively-charged bacterial membranes, the nanoscale size of chitosan further amplifies its antibiofilm activity. Additionally, the researcher used chitosan nanoparticles as polymeric materials to encapsulate antibiofilm agents (such as antibiotics and natural phytochemicals), serving as an excellent strategy to combat biofilm-based secondary infections. This paper provided a summary of available carbohydrate-based biopolymers as antibiofilm materials. Furthermore, the paper focuses on chitosan nanoparticle-based encapsulation of basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum), mandarin essential oil (Citrus reticulata), Carum copticum essential oil (“Ajwain”), dill plant seed essential oil (Anethum graveolens), peppermint oil (Mentha piperita), green tea oil (Camellia sinensis), cardamom essential oil, clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata), cumin seed essential oil (Cuminum cyminum), lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon commutatus), summer savory essential oil (Satureja hortensis), thyme essential oil, cinnamomum essential oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and nettle essential oil (Urtica dioica). Additionally, chitosan nanoparticles are used for the encapsulation of the major essential components carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, the encapsulation of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion of eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus), the encapsulation of a mandarin essential oil nanoemulsion, and the electrospinning nanofiber of collagen hydrolysate–chitosan with lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oil.
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47

EL-Ghoul, Yassine, Chiraz Ammar, Fahad M. Alminderej, and Md Shafiquzzaman. "Design and Evaluation of a New Natural Multi-Layered Biopolymeric Adsorbent System-Based Chitosan/Cellulosic Nonwoven Material for the Biosorption of Industrial Textile Effluents." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030322.

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The adsorption phenomenon using low-cost adsorbents that are abundant in nature is of great interest when the adsorbed capacity is significant. A newly designed natural polyelectrolyte multi-layered (PEM) biopolymeric system-based chitosan/modified chitosan polymer and functionalized cellulosic nonwoven material was prepared and used as an effective adsorbent for Reactive Red 198 (RR198) dye solutions. The bio-sorbent was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and thermal (TGA/DTA) analysis. The swelling behavior was also evaluated, showing the great increase of the hydrophilicity of the prepared adsorbent biopolymer. The effect of various process parameters on the performance of RR198 dye removal such as pH, contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentration was studied. The biopolymeric system has shown good efficiency of adsorption compared to other adsorbents based on chitosan polymer. The highest adsorption capacity was found to be 722.3 mgg−1 at pH = 4 (ambient temperature, time = 120 min and dye concentration = 600 mg L−1). The adsorption process fitted well to both pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich/Temkin adsorption isotherm models. Regarding its low cost, easy preparation, and promising efficient adsorption results, this new concepted multi-layered bio-sorbent could be an effective solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
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Altınışık Tağaç, Aylin, Pelin Erdem, Serap Seyhan Bozkurt, and Melek Merdivan. "Utilization of montmorillonite nanocomposite incorporated with natural biopolymers and benzyl functionalized dicationic imidazolium based ionic liquid coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides prior to GC/MS and GC/ECD." Analytica Chimica Acta 1185 (November 2021): 339075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.339075.

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49

Cho, Beom-Gon, Shalik Ram Joshi, Seongjin Lee, Shin-Kwan Kim, Young-Bin Park, and Gun-Ho Kim. "Enhanced Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol) and Biopolymer-Derived Reduced Graphene Oxide." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040615.

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Functionalized graphene–polymer nanocomposites have gained significant attention for their enhanced mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties, but the requirement of multi-step processes or hazardous reducing agents to functionalize graphene limits their current applications. Here, we present a single-step synthesis of thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) based on shellac, which is a low-cost biopolymer that can be employed to produce poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/TrGO nanocomposites (PVA–TrGO). The concentration of TrGO varied from 0.1 to 2.0 wt.%, and the critical concentration of homogeneous TrGO dispersion was observed to be 1.5 wt.%, below which strong interfacial molecular interactions between the TrGO and the PVA matrix resulted in improved thermal and mechanical properties. At 1.5 wt.% filler loading, the tensile strength and modulus of the PVA–TrGO nanocomposite were increased by 98.7% and 97.4%, respectively, while the storage modulus was increased by 69%. Furthermore, the nanocomposite was 96% more effective in preventing bacterial colonization relative to the neat PVA matrix. The present findings indicate that TrGO can be considered a promising material for potential applications in biomedical devices.
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Tripathi, Anuj, and Jose Savio Melo. "Synthesis of a low-density biopolymeric chitosan–agarose cryomatrix and its surface functionalization with bio-transformed melanin for the enhanced recovery of uranium(vi) from aqueous subsurfaces." RSC Advances 6, no. 43 (2016): 37067–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04686j.

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