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Journal articles on the topic 'Functionally Graded Material (FGM)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ge, Chang Chun, Xiao Feng Wu, and Gui Ying Xu. "Functionally Graded Thermoelectric Materials." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2600–2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2600.

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Functionally graded thermoelectric material (TE FGM) is one of main research direction in research field of thermoelectric (TE) materials all over world. A lot of research work on TE FGM has been done to improve the conversion efficiency of TE. Here the development of TE FGM in recent years is discussed in the aspects of the model design, the materials selection, the barrier or joining choice and the device fabrication.
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2

Deshpande, G. A., S. S. More, and R. S. Parekar. "Static and Vibration Analysis of FGM Plates: A Critical Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (2023): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49061.

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Abstract: Recently a new material has been emerged with variation of material properties particularly across the thickness. Such class of materials is called functionally graded materials. The concept of functionally graded material was proposed in 1984 by materials scientists as a means of preparing thermal barrier materials. Since then functionally graded materials are being increasingly used in the aeronautical and aerospace industry as well as in other fields of modern technology. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various methods used to study the static and dynamic behavio
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3

Helal, Wasim M. K., and Dong Yan Shi. "FE Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Plate during Debonding Case with Different Boundary Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.57.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have become helpful in our engineering applications. Analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plate during debonding case with different boundary conditions is the main purpose of this investigation. Elastic modulus (E) of functionally graded (FG) plate is assumed to vary continuously throughout the height of the plate, according the volume fraction of the constituent materials based on a modified sigmoid function, but the value of Poisson coefficient is constant. In this research, the finite element method (FEM) is used in order to show the shape of
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4

Wang, Chuan Bin, Hao Zeng, Y. G. Chen, Qiang Shen, and Lian Meng Zhang. "Preparation of W/Cu Functionally Graded Material." Materials Science Forum 631-632 (October 2009): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.431.

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A W/Cu system functionally graded material (FGM), which may be used as plasma facing component for fusion reactors, was prepared by inserting W-Cu layers with gradient composition between tungsten and copper alloy plates. W-Cu gradient layers were hot-press sintered from W-Cu powder mixtures added with zinc powder as the sintering aid, whose relative density increased with sintering temperature, reaching a value higher than 96% at 850°C. XRD and SEM measurements showed that the sintered W-Cu gradient layers were the mechanical mixtures of W and Cu. A wholly dense W/Cu system FGM was then obtai
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Lê, Thị Hà. "Ảnh hưởng của lực di động đến đáp ứng động dầm xốp sandwich liên tục có cơ tính biến thiên". Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology 2024, vi.vol1 (2024): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.59382/j-ibst.2024.vi.vol1-2.

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This paper analysis dynamic response of porous functionally graded material (p-FGM) multi-span sandwich beams subject to two moving loads. The core of sandwich beam is fully ceramic and skins are composed of a porous functionally graded material. The vibration differential equations of beams are established based on the finite element method (FEM). Using the Newmark direct integration method, the dynamic response of the beam is calculated. A detailed study is performed to investigate the influences of material, moving load speed, porous parameter and distance between two moving loads on the dy
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6

Khalil, Sihame, Oussama Elmhaia, Abdellah Hamdaoui, et al. "Modeling of Functionally Graded Material Shells." E3S Web of Conferences 601 (2025): 00090. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560100090.

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In this research, we propose an algorithm to study the buckling of thin Functionally Graded Material (FGM) shells, utilizing a novel implementation of the asymptotic numerical method (ANM). Our approach integrates a three-step process: representation of variables and loading conditions through a truncated Taylor series, discretization using the finite element method (FEM), and advancement via a continuation method. This method is particularly effective for tracking the solution curve through systematic matrix inversion and tolerance adjustments. By applying this robust algorithm within the fra
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7

Sreeju Nair S B, C. Pany. "Functionally Graded Panels: A Review." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060808.

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Functionally gradedmaterials (FGMs) are not homogeneous materials. It consists of different(two or more) materials, engineered to have a continuously varying spatial composition profile. FGM is the one that can solve practical problems arising from the production and application of a new type of composite material. This paper describes the overview of FGM basic concepts, classification, properties, and its modeling which may focus on the static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded panels. The effective material properties of functionally graded materials for the panel are graded in the
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8

Joshi, Kamal Kishore, and Vishesh Ranjan Kar. "Effect of material heterogeneity on the deformation behaviour of multidirectional (1D/2D/3D) functionally graded composite panels." Engineering Computations 38, no. 8 (2021): 3325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-06-2020-0301.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is the comprehensive numerical assessment of multidirectional (1D/2D/3D) functionally graded composite panel structures with different material gradation patterns and degrees of material heterogeneity. Here, deformation characteristics are obtained under different loading and support conditions. Design/methodology/approach The finite element solutions of multidirectional functionally graded composite panels subjected to uniform and sinusoidal transverse loads are presented under different support conditions. Here, different functionally graded composites, such
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9

Monslin, Sugirtha Singh J., and Thangaratnam R. Kari. "Vibration of Initially Stressed Functionally Graded Material Plates and Shells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 684 (October 2014): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.684.158.

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Finite element formulation using semiloof shell element for initially stressed vibration of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plates and shells are presented. The influence of volume fraction index on the vibration frequencies of thin functionally graded plates and shells and variation of temperature on frequency are studied. New results are presented for initially stressed vibration of FGM plates and shells.
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10

Toudehdehghan, Abdolreza, and Md Mujibur Rahman. "Comparison Conventional Coated Beam with Functionally Graded Coated Beam." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (2018): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23095.

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New materials are essential for the development and advancement in material manufacturing technology. A brief overview of the history of human civilization shows that from stone tools to the steel age and then to the space age, had proven that the revolution of materials is key for new technology development. Today, it is known that phenomenon such as interface delamination and de-bonding on a conventional thermal barrier coating (which are present in an environment with high temperature) degrades the performance of the material and its mechanical properties. In overcoming this adverse effects
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11

Shah, Vyom, Darshita Shah, and Dhaval B. Shah. "Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Plate under Transverse Loading for Varying Volume Gradation." Advanced Materials Research 1155 (August 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1155.81.

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Functionally graded material (FGM) has a unique design in which material properties vary smoothly and continuously which leads to having better thermal and mechanical performance. Functionally graded material has a wide area of application from the pressure vessel to aerospace due to its tailoring properties. The main emphasis has been made here, to present a structural mechanical and steady-state thermal analysis of functionally graded flat plate made up of aluminum and ceramic. The flat plate is subjected to various boundary and loading condition. Material properties of FGM is calculated acr
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12

Ayub, Asra, Naveed Hussain, Ahmad N. Al-Kenani, and Madiha Ghamkhar. "Vibration Analysis of a Tetra-Layered FGM Cylindrical Shell Using Ring Support." Mathematics 13, no. 1 (2025): 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13010155.

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In the present study, the vibration characteristics of a cylindrical shell (CS) made up of four layers are investigated. The ring is placed in the axial direction of a four-layered functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical shell. The layers are made of functionally graded material (FGM). The materials used are stainless steel, aluminum, zirconia, and nickel. The frequency equations are derived by employing Sander’s shell theory and the Rayleigh–Ritz (RR) mathematical technique. Vibration characteristics of functionally graded materials have been investigated using polynomial volume fracti
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13

Chen, Yan Lin, Xi Ya Zhu, Pei Jie Lu, Zong Yu Li, Cheng Wen Zeng, and Ming Yan. "Ti2AlC/TiC Functionally Graded Material Fabricated by SPS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3869.

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Ti/Al/TiC mixed powders were used as the raw materials for the fabrication of functionally graded material (FGM) in situ synthesis by spark plasma sintering. The sample was analyzed by SEM combined with Metallographic microscope and Energy Disperse Spectroscopy. The results show that dense Ti2AlC/TiC functionally graded material (FGM) was produced by spark plasma sintering. Micro-hardness tester is used to character the distribution of hardness on the material .The results show that the Vickers hardness of every layer increases with TiC content and temperature increasing.
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14

Ancy, Alex, and U. Parvathy. "Thermal Buckling Behaviour of Functionally Graded Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.279.

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Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) are those materials which have continuous variation of material properties from metal phase to ceramic phase. Due to the continuous change in material properties of FGMs, the stress singularity at the interface between the two different materials is eliminated and thus the bonding strength is enhanced. They are widely used in high temperature environment such as nuclear reactors and rocket heat shields. The material property of FGM plate varies along the thickness direction and the variation is idealised by different mathematical idealisation techniques. Thi
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15

Han, Mengna, Zichan Li, Zhicheng Huang, Xingguo Wang, and Wenjie Gao. "Thermal Mechanical Bending Response of Symmetrical Functionally Graded Material Plates." Materials 16, no. 13 (2023): 4683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134683.

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This paper investigates the thermal mechanical bending response of symmetric functionally graded material (FGM) plates. This article proposes a thermodynamic analysis model of both the FGM plate and FGM sandwich plate, and the model only involves four control equations and four unknown variables. The control equation is based on the refined shear deformation theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. The Navier method is used to solve the control equation. According to the method, numerical examples are provided for the thermo-mechanical bending of the symmetric FGM plate and FGM sa
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16

Kumar, M. Anil, V. Srinivasan, and P. Ramamurthy Raju. "Effect of Three Layered Centrifugal Casting on Tribological and Microstructural Characteristics of Mg Based Functionally Graded Material Alloy." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 15 (2024): 1557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i15.3144.

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the tribological properties and microstructural of functionally graded material (FGM) composites based on magnesium (Mg) base material. Magnesium alloys are commonly employed in the development of biomaterials for implant applications owing to their favorable corrosion properties. The research objective is to produce Zn/Mo reinforced functionally graded magnesium composites using the centrifugal casting. Methods: A centrifugal process was employed to fabricate a functionally graded material (FGM) consisting of three layers with a cylindrical shap
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17

BAYAT, M., B. B. SAHARI, and M. SALEEM. "THE EFFECT OF CERAMIC IN COMBINATION OF TWO SIGMOID FUNCTIONALLY GRADED ROTATING DISKS WITH VARIABLE THICKNESS." International Journal of Computational Methods 09, no. 02 (2012): 1240029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876212400294.

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This paper presents elastic solutions of a disk made of functionally graded material (FGM) with variable thickness subjected to rotating load. The material properties are represented by combination of two sigmoid FGM (S-FGM) namely aluminum–ceramic–aluminum and the disk's different thickness profiles are assumed to be represented by power law distributions. Hollow disks are considered and the solutions for the displacements and stresses are given under appropriate boundary conditions. The effects of the material grading index n and the geometry of the disk on the displacements and stresses are
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18

SARAÇOĞLU, Mustafa Halûk, Gökhan GÜÇLÜ, and Fethullah USLU. "Deflection analysis of functionally graded equal strength beams." European Mechanical Science 6, no. 2 (2022): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26701/ems.1015629.

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In this study, equal strength cantilever and simply supported beams made of functionally graded material (FGM) whose material properties vary though the height direction were investigated. These equal strength cantilever FGM beams were loaded with uniformly distributed load and a point load at the tip and simply supported FGM beams were loaded with uniformly distributed loads. They have all variable cross-section and straight axis. For calculating equivalent material properties of FGMs, power law distribution and Mori-Tanaka model were used. A computer program was developed for the analysis of
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19

Zhang, Yan Bing, Chun Yu Ren, and Xi Zhu. "Research on Vibration and Sound Radiation from Submarine Functionally Graded Material Nonpressure Cylindrical Shell." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 3046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.3046.

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In this paper, we establish the finite element (FEM) and boundary element (BEM) models of a submarine section, and study the underwater sound radiation field of three different non-pressure shells made of steel, steel with anechoic tile, and the functionally graded materials (FGM) separately using a method combining of FEM and BEM . Research shows that the combination of FEM and BEM can address the acoustic radiation calculation problem of FGM, and in comparison with steel and anechoic tile laying submarine section, the weight of FGM non-pressure shell reduces 1600kg, and the sound radiation p
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20

Tian, Jian Hui, Yan Cao, Jian Hua Wang, Wei Xu, and Xian Long Xu. "The Thermal Response Investigation of Functionally Graded Material Plates." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1892.

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The displacement response of functionally graded material (FGM) plates has been investigated based on the strip element method (SEM) for temperature change. The material properties of the FGM plates vary continuously through the thickness. The temperature is assumed to vary continuously through the thickness. The displacement response is obtained for the FGM plates in the condition of temperature change action and both temperature and external force action. This study extends SEM to the heat response of the FGM plates considering heat effect. It is not only extension and development for the ap
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21

Huyen, Nguyen Ngoc, and Nguyen Tien Khiem. "FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF CRACKED FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CANTILEVER BEAM." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 2 (2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/55/2/8292.

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In this paper, a functionally graded cantilever beam with an open crack is investigated on the base of Timoshenko beam theory; power law of functionally graded material (FGM) and taking into account actual position of neutral axis instead of the central one. The open and edge crack is modeled by coupled translational and rotational springs stiffness of which is calculated by the formulas conducted accordingly to fracture mechanics. Using the frequency equation obtained in the framework of the theory natural frequencies of the beam are examined along the crack parameters and material properties
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22

Vanmeensel, Kim, Guy Anné, Dongtao Jiang, Jef Vleugels, and Omer Van der Biest. "Processing of a Graded Ceramic Cutting Tool in the Al2O3-ZrO2-Ti(C,N) System by Electrophoretic Deposition." Materials Science Forum 492-493 (August 2005): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.492-493.705.

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In this study, the development of a functionally graded material (FGM) with hard outer surfaces and a tougher inner core was envisaged. The applicability of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for the processing of FGM materials by continuously changing the suspension composition is shown. Optimisation of the colloidal processing technique was combined with hot pressing experiments on homogeneous composites in the Al2O3-ZrO2-Ti(C,N) system in order to create a very hard functionally graded material with beneficial residual stresses. Finally, the residual stress distribution was briefly discussed
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23

Elhannani, Abdelhak, Kaddour Refassi, Abbes Elmeiche, and Mohamed Bouamama. "Vibration analysis of functionally graded tapered rotor shaft system." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 1 (2019): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2019-0032.

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Abstract This investigation deals with the vibration analysis of a rotating tapered shaft in Functionally Graded Material (FGM). The dynamic system is modeled using the Timoshenko beam theory (FSDBT) with consideration of gyroscopic effect and rotary inertia. The equations of motion are expressed by the hierarchical finite element method based on bi-articulated boundary conditions. The material properties are continuously varied in the thickness direction of a hollow shaft according to the exponential law function (E-FGM). The presented model is validated by comparing the numerical results fou
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24

RATTAN, MINTO, NEERAJ CHAMOLI, SATYA BIR SINGH, and NISHI GUPTA. "CREEP BEHAVIOR OF ANISOTROPIC FUNCTIONALLY GRADED ROTATING DISCS." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 02, no. 01 (2013): 1350005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s204768411350005x.

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The creep behavior of an anisotropic rotating disc of functionally gradient material (FGM) has been investigated in the present study using Hill's yield criteria and the creep behavior in this case is assumed to follow Sherby's constitutive model. The stress and strain rate distributions are calculated for disc having different types of anisotropy and the results obtained are compared graphically. It is concluded that the anisotropy of the material has a significant effect on the creep behavior of the FGM disc. It is also observed that the FGM disc shows better creep behavior than the non-FGM
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25

Shichalin, Oleg O., Evgeniy K. Papynov, Igor Yu Buravlev, et al. "Functionally Gradient Material Fabrication Based on Cr, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu Metal Layers via Spark Plasma Sintering." Coatings 13, no. 1 (2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010138.

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The paper presents a method of obtaining functionally graded material (FGM) of heterogeneous (layered) type based on joined metals Cr-Ti-Fe-Co-Ni-Cu using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The structure, elemental and phase composition of FGM obtained on the basis of joined metals with different values of the temperature coefficient of linear expansion (CTLE) were studied by SEM, EDS and XRD methods with regard to the phase states of the alloy system. Based on the Vickers microhardness data, the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of FGM in the whole sample body and locally at
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26

Huang, Zheng-Ming, Qiongan Wang, and S. Ramakrishna. "Tensile Behaviour of Functionally Graded Braided Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composite Material." Polymers and Polymer Composites 10, no. 4 (2002): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110201000406.

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The primary objective of this research work was to investigate experimentally the tensile behaviour of Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) made from tubular braided composites and to find out the relationship between the tensile property of the FGM and that of the corresponding non-FGM. Composites were made using tubular braided carbon fibre fabrics and an epoxy resin. The FGM specimens had varying braiding angles and the non-FGM specimens had constant braiding angles. The effect of braiding angle on the composite properties was established from the test results for the non-FGM specimens. It w
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27

Helal, Wasim M. K., and Dong Yan Shi. "Optimum Gradation Direction for a Functionally Graded Endodontic Prefabricated Parallel Post: A Finite Element Method." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 24 (July 2015): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.24.56.

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The main purpose of the present work is to determine the optimum gradation direction of an endodontic prefabricated parallel post (EPPP) made of functionally graded material (FGM). To determine the optimum gradation direction of an EPPP made of FGM, the finite element method (FEM) is used. After that, the optimization technique was adopted in order to determine the optimum material gradient for the functionally graded endodontic prefabricated parallel post (FGEPPP). Simulation results indicated that, the optimum gradation direction for the FGEPPP is from up to down, and can be described by usi
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28

Lee, Chang Yull, and Ji Hwan Kim. "Functionally Graded Plates under Thermal and Moisture Effects." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1382.

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The postbucking behaviors of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plate in hygrothermal environments are investigated. The material properties of FGM change continuously in the thickness direction according to the volume fractions of the materials. The formulations are based on the First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) and von Karman strain-displacement relations are applied. Governing equations are derived by using the principle of virtual work and numerical solutions are solved through a finite element method. Newton-Raphson technique is adopted to analyze the thermal postbuckling behavi
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29

Paul, Sandeep Kumar, and Manoj Sahni. "Stress Analysis of Functionally Graded Disk with Exponentially Varying Thickness using Iterative Method." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS 16 (November 9, 2021): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232011.2021.16.26.

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In this paper, variable thickness disk made up of functionally graded material (FGM) under internal and external pressure is analyzed using a simple iteration technique. Thickness of FGM disk and the material property, namely, Young’s modulus are varying exponentially in radial direction. Poisson’s ratio is considered invariant for the material. Navier equation is used to formulate the problem in the differential equation form under plane stress condition. Displacement, stresses, and strains are obtained under the influence of material gradation and variable thickness. Three different material
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30

Pshenichnov, Sergey, Radan Ivanov, and Maria Datcheva. "Transient Wave Propagation in Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Structures." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (2022): 4505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234505.

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Transient wave processes in viscoelastic structures built from functionally graded material (FGM) still remain almost unexplored. In this article, the problem of the propagation of nonstationary longitudinal waves in an infinite viscoelastic layer of a FGM with plane–parallel boundaries is considered. The physical and mechanical parameters of the FGM depend continuously on the transverse coordinate, while the wave process propagates along the same coordinate. The viscoelastic properties of the material are taken into account employing the linear integral Boltzmann–Volterra relations. The visco
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31

Wang, Ming Lu, Yan Bin Shi, and Quan Zhou. "Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Material Beam under Thermal Loads." Advanced Materials Research 740 (August 2013): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.755.

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The material properties of FGM beams are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness according to power law distribution. Based on the assumption that plane section remains plane and normal to the beam axis, the differential equations of motion were established for free vibration of FGM elastic beams under thermal loads and mechanical loads on the premise of the middle plane strain caused by heterogeneity of the materials. Natural frequency and dominant mode shape of FGM beams with four kinds of boundary conditions were obtained.
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32

Ashrafi, Hosein, M. R. Bahadori, and M. Shariyat. "Two-Dimensional Modeling of Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Materials Using a Boundary Element Approach." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.570.

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In this paper, a 2D boundary element approach able to model viscoelastic functionally graded materials (FGM) is presented. A numerical implementation of the Somigliana identity for displacements is developed to solve 2D problems of exponentially graded elasticity. An FGM is an advanced material in which its composition changes gradually resulting in a corresponding change in properties of the material. The FGM concept can be applied to various materials for structural and functional uses. Our model needs only the Green’s function of nonhomogeneous elastostatic problems with material properties
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33

Zagrouba, M., M. S. Bouhdima, and M. H. Ben Ghozlen. "S1-ZGV Modes of a Linear and Nonlinear Profile for Functionally Graded Material Using Power Series Technique." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2014 (September 21, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/401042.

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The present work deals with functionally graded materials (FGM) isotropic plates in the neighborhood of the first-order symmetric zero group velocity (S1-ZGV) point. The mechanical properties of functionally graded material (FGM) are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate and obey a power law of the volume fraction of the constituents. Governing equations for the problem are derived, and the power series technique (PST) is employed to solve the recursive equations. The impact of the FGM basic materials properties on S1-ZGV frequency of FGM plate is investigated. Numeri
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34

Hvizdoš, Pavol, and Kristoffer Norberg. "Residual Stresses in Laminar Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 333 (March 2007): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.333.259.

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A simple analytical model of residual stresses far from edges in symmetrical planar functionally graded material (FGM) is presented. The model is based on elastic plate theory and neglects the influence of edges and free surfaces. The results are compared to analytical model of laminar ceramics and to finite element model of FGM. The influence of various geometrical and material parameters on the internal stress state is discussed.
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35

Wang, Ming Lu. "Thermoelastic Deformations of Functionally Graded Materials Plates." Advanced Materials Research 740 (August 2013): 570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.570.

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The governing equation of thermoelastic FGM thin plates was obtained by degenerating the governing equation of thermoviscoelastic FGM thin plates. A Navier solution of a simply supported FGM rectangular plate under thermal loads was get. Based on the Navier solution, the influence of considering and ignoring mid-plane stain, due to the inhomogeneous property of the functionally graded materials, on the maximal deflection and thermal stress of the functionally graded materials thin plate is investigated.
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36

Peter, Ildiko, Mario Rosso, and Silvia Lombardo. "Sequential Casting of Functionally Graded Material." Key Engineering Materials 750 (August 2017): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.750.153.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) are used for components with specific characteristics required by the considered area of application. In this research, functionally graded material is obtained with sequential casting process of two different aluminum alloys. They are poured into the mould, aiming to obtain within the same component high thermal resistance and mechanical strength on one side and ductility and elongation on the other side.The new casting has high potential, especially in the production of automotive components, e.g., pistons. Usually, piston alloys are eutectic Al-Si alloys,
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37

Tran, Trung Thanh. "STATIC ANALYSIS OF FGM BOX USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD." Journal of Science and Technique 15, no. 3 (2020): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56651/lqdtu.jst.v15.n03.95.

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This paper presents the numerical result for the static bending analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) box by using the finite element method (FEM). The authors code the calculation program in MATLAB software and checked the established program by comparing it with other published works. In addition, the effects of some geometrical and material parameters on the static bending analysis of FGM boxes are investigated in detail.
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38

Xue, L. J., X. Y. Bian, J. J. Feng, and J. N. Liu. "Elastoplastic Analysis of a Functionally Graded Material Beam Subjected to Uniformly Distributed Load." Journal of Mechanics 36, no. 1 (2019): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2019.40.

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ABSTRACTThe elastoplastic behavior of a Functionally Graded Material (FGM) simply supported beam consisting of elastic material A and elastoplastic material B under uniformly distributed load is investigated. A power function is used to describe the volume fractions of the constituent materials, and the average stress of the FGM beam is obtained by using the averaging method. This method can avoid the assumption of the varying properties of the whole material, and can consider the different Possion’s ratios of the different constituent materials. What’s more, only the elastoplastic material B
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39

Sugirtha Singh, Monslin, and Kari Thangaratnam. "Thermal Stress and Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.402.

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— Finite element formulation for Functionally Graded Material (FGM) square plates subjected to Thermal loads are presented. The plate is assumed to be having linear temperature rise through the thickness. The power law distribution model is assumed for the composition of the FGM material along the thickness. A software program “COMSAP” has been developed using Semiloof shell element formulation and validation checks are carried out using the results available in the related literature. Results for thermal stress and thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded plates are reported.
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Raju, V. V. Murali Krishnam, S. Raju, and Rajesh Siriyala. "Fracture Analysis and Morphological Characterization of the Mg - 3 Zn -1Ti /TCP Layered Composite using Centrifugal Casting Process." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 18, no. 16 (2025): 1270–78. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v18i16.538.

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Objectives: To analyze the mechanical properties and microstructural attributes of functionally graded metal matrix composites (FGM- matrix) made from magnesium alloy as the base material (Mg). Magnesium, Titanium, Zinc compositions are widely used in the creation of bio-materials for implants because of their beneficial corrosion properties. Methods: Functionally graded materials (FGM) have been effectively utilized in the development and production of engineering components that possess location-specific properties. In this research, the processing and characterization of Magnesium metal as
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41

Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan, and Hari S. "Functionally graded material and its application to marine structures." Sustainable Marine Structures 4, no. 1 (2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/sms.v4i1.490.

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Marine structures are exposed to harsh weather conditions, demanding special pre-requisites in design and functional perspectives. Under dynamic loads of larger magnitude, the material-centric design procedure alone is not feasible to ensure the safe disbursement of loads. The compliant offshore structures resist loads primarily by their geometric novelty, and hence their design is form-dominant and no more strength (material) dominant. Large displacements in the rigid body modes in the horizontal plane under lateral loads require their construction material to possess enough ductility to abso
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42

Janane Allah, M., Y. Belaasilia, A. Timesli, and A. El Haouzi. "TSDT theory for free vibration of functionally graded plates with various material properties." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 8, no. 4 (2021): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2021.04.691.

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In this work, an implicit algorithm is used for analyzing the free dynamic behavior of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plates. The Third order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) is used to develop the proposed model. In this contribution, the formulation is written without any homogenization technique as the rule of mixture. The Hamilton principle is used to establish the resulting equations of motion. For spatial discretization based on Finite Element Method (FEM), a quadratic element with four and eight nodes is adopted using seven degrees of freedom per node. An implicit algorithm is used f
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43

Sharma, Dinkar, Ramandeep Kaur, and Honey Sharma. "Investigation of thermo-elastic characteristics in functionally graded rotating disk using finite element method." Nonlinear Engineering 10, no. 1 (2021): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2021-0025.

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Abstract In this research paper, displacement, stresses and strains are presented for rotating FGM disk with variable thickness by using finite element method (FEM). Thermo-elastic material properties and thickness of FGM disk continuously vary as exponential and power law function in radial direction along radius of disk. The value of Poisson's ratio is taken as constant. The problem of thermo-elasticity is converted into second order governing differential equation in terms of radial coordinate. This conversion is based upon equilibrium equation for disk and stress-strain relationship. The i
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Bhandari, Manish, and Kamlesh Purohit. "Static Response of Functionally Graded Material Plate under Transverse Load for Varying Aspect Ratio." International Journal of Metals 2014 (June 30, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/980563.

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Functionally gradient materials (FGM) are one of the most widely used materials in various applications because of their adaptability to different situations by changing the material constituents as per the requirement. Nowadays it is very easy to tailor the properties to serve specific purposes in functionally gradient material. Most structural components used in the field of engineering can be classified as beams, plates, or shells for analysis purposes. In the present study the power law, sigmoid law and exponential distribution, is considered for the volume fraction distributions of the fu
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Bouchaouata, Y., R. El Kadmiri, Y. Belaasilia, and A. Timesli. "A meshfree TSDT-based approach for modeling a skew plate." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 11, no. 2 (2024): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2024.02.438.

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Taking into account new frontiers in materials technology to improve construction materials, we investigate the bending analysis of a Functionally Graded Material (FGM) skew plate using a meshless approach based on Third-order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT). We assume that the material distribution is functionally graded across the thickness of the skew plate. The proposed approach uses both mixture rule theory and the meshless method. The mixture rule theory is used to estimate the effective material properties of the skew plate.
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46

Khiem, Nguyen Tien, and Nguyen Ngoc Huyen. "UNCOUPLED VIBRATIONS IN FUNCTIONALLY GRADED TIMOSHENKO BEAM." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 6 (2016): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/54/6/7719.

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Free vibration of FGM Timoshenko beam is investigated on the base of the power law distribution of FGM. Taking into account the actual position of neutral plane enables to obtain general condition for uncoupling of axial and flexural vibrations in FGM beam. This condition defines a class of functionally graded beams for which axial and flexural vibrations are completely uncoupled likely to the homogeneous beams. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of uncoupled flexural vibration of beams from the class are examined in dependence on material parameters and slendernes
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Miedzińska, Danuta, Robert Panowicz, and Przemysław Jóźwicki. "Multiscale Modelling Method for Chosen Functionally Graded Material." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.593.

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The paper deals with the numerical and experimental analyses of functionally graded material structures which are represented by a surface layer of the steel sample hardened during the laser treatment process. A functionally graded parameter of the researched structure was assumed as the hardness value experimentally measured with the use of a Vickers hardness test method. The microstructure of the tested layer was also analyzed for the Vickers test verification. Two homogenization methods were used for the purpose of layer substitute properties for numerical calculations. The first one was to
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Jamian, Saifulnizan, Hisashi Sato, Hideaki Tsukamoto, and Yoshimi Watanabe. "Creep Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Thick-Walled Cylinder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.867.

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In this paper, creep analysis for a thick-walled cylinder made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to thermal and internal pressure is carried out. The structure is replaced by a system of discrete rectangular cross-section ring elements interconnected along circumferential nodal circles. The property of FGM is assumed to be continuous function of volume fraction of material composition. The creep behavior of the structures is obtained by the use of an incremental approach. The obtained results show that the property of FGM significantly influences the stress distribution along t
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Reddy, Ch Naveen, M. Bhargav, and T. Revanth. "Bending Analysis of Piezoelectric Functionally Graded Material Plates Using HSDT." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.116.

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This work investigates the complete analytical solution for functionally graded material (FGM) plates incorporated with smart material. The odjective of the present work is to determine bending characteristics of piezoelectric FGM plates with different geometrical parameters, voltages and boundary conditions for electro-mechanical loading. In this work an analytical formulation based on higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is presented for the piezoelectric FGM plates. The solutions are obtained in closed from using Navier’s technique for piezoelectric FGM plates a specific type of sim
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Franco Correia, Victor, José S. Moita, Filipa Moleiro, and Cristóvão M. Mota Soares. "Optimization of Metal–Ceramic Functionally Graded Plates Using the Simulated Annealing Algorithm." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020729.

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This work involves the design optimization of metal–ceramic through the thickness of functionally graded material (FGM) plates subjected to thermomechanical loadings. Constrained optimization was performed for minimum mass and minimum material cost of the FGM plates. The design process of FGM plate structures requires a good choice of metal and ceramic materials and the adequate definition of the components volume fractions through the thickness direction in order to accomplish a certain structural behavior, while optimizing the material costs and/or the plate mass. Here, the optimization prob
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