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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Functionally Graded Materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Tilbrook, Matthew Thomas Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Fatigue crack propagation in functionally graded materials." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Materials Science & Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/21885.

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Propagation of cracks in functionally graded materials (FGMs) under cyclic loading was investigated via experiments and finite element (FE) analysis. Alumina-epoxy composites with an interpenetrating-network structure and tailored spatial variation in composition were produced via a multi-step infiltration technique. Compressed polyurethane foam was infiltrated with alumina slip. After foam burn-out and sintering, epoxy was infiltrated into the porous alumina body. Non-graded specimens with a range of compositions were produced, and elastic properties and fatigue behaviour were characterised.

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2

Jivkov, Andrey P. "On crack growth in functionally graded materials." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25814.

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Stress intensity factors' behaviour is studied for long plane cracks interacting with a region of functionally graded elastic material. The region is assumed embedded into a large body treated as a homogeneous elastic continuum. The analysis is limited to small deviations of the graded region's elastic modulus from that of the surrounding body (Poisson's ratio is kept constant) and analytical solutions are sought using a perturbation technique. Emphasis is laid on the case of an infinite strip, which admits a closed form solution. A cosine change of the modulus of elasticity is treated, furnis

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3

Hauber, Brett Kenneth. "Fatigue Crack Propagation in Functionally Graded Materials." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1259881312.

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4

Heidari, Maryam. "3D modelling of functionally graded coatings." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215382.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviour of functionally graded materials in the coating design through analytical and numerical work. Functionally graded materials are advanced composite materials formed from two or more constituents with a continuously varying composition, which results in a continuous variation of material properties from one surface of the material to the other. The concept of functionally graded material is actively explored in coating design where structural and/or functional failures of the coating can happen due to a mismatch between the material prope

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5

Yilmaz, Suphi. "Buckling Driven Delamination Of Orthotropic Functionally Graded Materials." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607836/index.pdf.

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In today&#039<br>s technology severe working conditions increase demands on structural materials. A class of materials which are developed to meet these increased demands is Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). These are inhomogeneous structural materials which are able to withstand large temperature gradients and corrosive environment. Application areas of FGMs are in aerospace industry, nuclear reactors, chemical plants and turbine systems. FGMs have gradual compositional variation from metal to ceramic which give them mechanical strength, toughness and heat resistance. However under high t

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6

Sarikaya, Duygu. "Mixed-mode Fracture Analysis Of Orthotropic Functionally Graded Materials." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606451/index.pdf.

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Functionally graded materials processed by the thermal spray techniques such as electron beam physical vapor deposition and plasma spray forming are known to have an orthotropic structure with reduced mechanical properties. Debonding related failures in these types of material systems occur due to embedded cracks that are perpendicular to the direction of the material property gradation. These cracks are inherently under mixed-mode loading and fracture analysis requires the extraction of the modes I and II stress intensity factors. The present study aims at developing semi-analytical technique

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7

Sabuncuoglu, Baris. "Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis Models For Functionally Graded Materials." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607024/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to develop crack growth analysis methods for functionally graded materials under mode I cyclic loading by using finite element technique. The study starts with the analysis of test specimens which are given in ASTM standard E399. The material properties of specimens are assumed to be changing along the thickness direction according to a presumed variation function used for the modeling of functionally graded materials. The results of the study reveal the influence of different material variation functions on the crack growth behavior. In the second part, the gro

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8

Imery, Buiza Jesus Alberto. "Fracture behaviour of 2124 A1-SiC functionally graded materials." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321715.

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9

Awrejcewicz, Jan, Lidiya Kurpa, and T. Shmatko. "Vibration of functionally graded shallow shells with complex shape." Thesis, Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37081.

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The method for studying the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded shallow shells with a complex planform is proposed. Сomposite shallow shells made from a mixture of ceramic and metal are considered. In order to take into account varying of the volume fraction of ceramic the power law is accepted. Formulation of the problem is carried out using the refined geometrically nonlinear theory of shallow shells of the first order (Timoshenko’s type). The R-functions theory, variational Ritz’s method, procedure by Bubnov Galerkin and Runge-Kytta method are used in the developed app

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10

Soncco, K., X. Jorge, and R. A. Arciniega. "Postbuckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Beams." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625602.

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This paper studies the geometrically non-linear bending behavior of functionally graded beams subjected to buckling loads using the finite element method. The computational model is based on an improved first-order shear deformation theory for beams with five independent variables. The abstract finite element formulation is derived by means of the principle of virtual work. High-order nodal-spectral interpolation functions were utilized to approximate the field variables which minimizes the locking problem. The incremental/iterative solution technique of Newton's type is implemented to solve t

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11

Bell, Bryan Frederick Jr. "Functionally graded, multilayer diamondlike carbon-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings for orthopedic implants." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7962.

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12

Wang, Xuan. "Synthesis of functionally graded materials via electrophoretic deposition and sintering /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208812.

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13

Kosker, Sadik. "Three Dimensional Mixed Mode Fracture Analysis Of Functionally Graded Materials." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608795/index.pdf.

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The main objective of this study is to model and analyze a three dimensional inclined semi-elliptic surface crack in a Functionally Graded Material (FGM) coating bonded to a homogeneous substrate with a bond coat. The parametric analyses on FGMs are based upon zirconia-yttria (ZrO2-8wt%-Y2O3) FGM coating bonded to a substrate made of a nickel-based superalloy. It is assumed that there is a nickel-chromium&amp<br>#8211<br>aluminum&amp<br>#8211<br>zirconium (NiCrAlY) bond coat between the FGM coating and substrate. Metal-rich, linear variation, ceramic-rich and homogeneous ceramic FGM coating ty

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14

Oyekoya, Oyedele. "Structural integrity of engineering components made of functionally graded materials." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3802.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) are composite materials with microstructure gradation optimized for the functioning of engineering components. For the case of fibrous composites, the fibre density is varied spatially, leading to variable material properties tailored to specific optimization requirements. There is an increasing demand for the use of such intelligent materials in space and aircraft industries. The current preferred methods to study engineering components made of FGM are mainly modelling particularly those that are finite element (FE) based as experimental methods have not ye

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15

ALBINO, JUAN CARLOS ROMERO. "FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF FLEXIBLE RISERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19447@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Neste trabalho um novo elemento de viga co-rotacionado é apresentado para a análise não-linear geométrica tridimensional, estática e dinâmica, de linhas marítimas de Materiais com Gradação Funcional (MGF). Assume-se que o módulo de elasticidade e a massa específica do material da viga variam ao longo da espessura da seção transversal tubular de acordo com uma lei de potência. Na discretização espacial das equações de equilíbrio, a linha marítima é representada por um elemento de viga de dois nós, com base nas hipóteses do modelo

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16

DESHMUKH, PUSHKARAJ M. "MODELING ERROR ESTIMATION AND ADAPTIVE MODELING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1096036755.

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17

Deshmukh, Pushkaraj M. "Modelling error estimation and adaptive modelling of functionally graded materials." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1096036755.

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18

Oyekoya, Oyedele O. "Structural integrity of engineering components made of functionally graded materials." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3802.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) are composite materials with microstructure gradation optimized for the functioning of engineering components. For the case of fibrous composites, the fibre density is varied spatially, leading to variable material properties tailored to specific optimization requirements. There is an increasing demand for the use of such intelligent materials in space and aircraft industries. The current preferred methods to study engineering components made of FGM are mainly modelling particularly those that are finite element (FE) based as experimental methods have not ye

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19

Pelletier, Jacob Leo. "Thermoelastic Analysis and Optimization of Functionally Graded Plates and Shells." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PelletierJL2005.pdf.

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20

Bell, Bryan Frederick. "Functionally graded, multilayer diamondlike carbon-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings for orthopedic implants." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131058/unrestricted/bell%5Fbryan%5Ff%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.

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21

Goupee, Andrew. "Methodology for the Thermomechanical Simulation and Optimization of Functionally Graded Materials." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GoupeeA2005.pdf.

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22

Shi, Chao. "Finite Block Method and applications in engineering with Functional Graded Materials." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/39764.

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Fracture mechanics plays an important role in understanding the performance of all types of materials including Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). Recently, FGMs have attracted the attention of various scholars and engineers around the world since its specific material properties can smoothly vary along the geometries. In this thesis, the Finite Block Method (FBM), based on a 1D differential matrix derived from the Lagrangian Interpolation Method, has been presented for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of FGMs on both static and dynamic analysis. Additionally, the coefficient dif

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23

Gokay, Kemal. "Contact Mechanics Of Graded Materials With Two Dimensional Material Property Variations." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606527/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT CONTACT MECHANICS OF GRADED MATERIALS WITH TWODIMENSIONAL MATERIAL PROPERTY VARIATIONS G&ouml<br>kay, Kemal M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Serkan Dag September 2005, 62 pages Ceramic layers used as protective coatings in tribological applications are known to be prone to cracking and debonding due to their brittle nature. Recent experiments with functionally graded ceramics however show that these material systems are particularly useful in enhancing the resistance of a surface to tribological damage. This improved behavior is attributed to the

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24

Gao, Xiong. "Two-dimensional exact analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric cantilevers under electric and mechanical loadings." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950671.

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25

Wu, Kangjian [Verfasser]. "Process development for ZrO2-ZrSiO4/NiCr functionally graded materials / Kangjian Wu." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1050344340/34.

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26

Caraballo, Simon. "Thermo-Mechanical Beam Element for Analyzing Stresses in Functionally Graded Materials." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3024.

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Modeling at the structural scale most often requires the use of beam and shell elements. This simplification reduces modeling complexity and computation requirements but sacrifices the accuracy of through-the-thickness information. Several studies have reported various design approaches for analyzing functionally graded material structures. One of these studies proposed a two-node beam element for functionally graded materials (FGMs) based on first order shear deformable (FOSD) theory. The derivation of governing equations included spatial temperature variation. However, only the constant temp

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27

Lyon, Mark Edward. "Incorporating Functionally Graded Materials and Precipitation Hardening into Microstructure Sensitive Design." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd260.pdf.

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28

Limmahakhun, Sakkadech. "Development of functionally graded materials for innovation in bone-replacement applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/108053/2/Sakkadech_Limmahakhun_Thesis.pdf.

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This project aims to develop bone-mimic structures for bone-replacement applications. To mimic the complex structures observed in bones, various internal architectures and graded cellular microstructures were created using additive manufacturing approaches to tailor the mechanical performance of polymer and metal based scaffolds. The structure-property relation, stress shielding effect and cell response were investigated using experimental and numerical methods, at different material length scales. The optimized architectures and graded microstructures were applied to femoral implants whose pe

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29

Kidane, Addis Asmelash. "An experimental and analytical study of graded materials under thermo-mechanical dynamic loading /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3380532.

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30

Pratapa, Suminar. "Synthesis and character of a functionally-graded aluminium titanate/zirconia-alumina composite." Thesis, Curtin University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/988.

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A functionally-graded Al(subscript)2TiO(subscript)5/ZrO(subscript)2-Al(subscript)2O(subscript)3 (AT/zirconia-alumina) composite has been successfully synthesized by an infiltration process involving an alpha-Al(subscript)2O(subscript)3-ZrO(subscript)2 (90:10 by weight) green body and a solution containing titanium chloride. The mass gain after infiltration has been used to estimate the amount of new phase introduced into the system. The phase composition character of the functionally-graded material (FGM) has been determined by x-ray diffraction. The Rietveld "whole pattern" refinement method

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31

Okubo, Hitoshi, Hideki Shumiya, Masahiro Ito, and Katsumi Kato. "Insulation Performance of Permittivity Graded FGM (Functionally Graded Materials) in SF6 Gas under Lightning Impulse Conditions." IEEE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9496.

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32

Nandakumar, Nagarajan Nicholson P. S. "Nickel-alumina composites and graded materials by electrophoretic deposition /." *McMaster only, 2005.

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33

Yıldırım, Uygar Güden Mustafa. "Investigation of quasi-static dynamic mechanical properties of functionally graded Sic-particulate reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/makinamuh/T000470.doc.

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34

Arman, Eyup Erhan. "Jk-integral Formulation And Implementation For Thermally Loaded Orthotropic Functionally Graded Materials." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610136/index.pdf.

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The main aim of this study is to utilize a Jk-integral based computational method in order to calculate crack tip parameters for orthotropic functionally graded materials (FGMs). The crack is subjected to mixed mode thermal loading. Mixed mode thermal fracture analysis requires the calculation of mode-I and mode-II stress intensity factors (KI ,KII ). In addition to stress intensity factors, energy release rate and T-stress are calculated by means of Jk-integral. Jk-integral is defined as a line integral over a vanishingly small curve. Since it is difficult to deal with a line integral on

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35

Hosseinzadeh, Delandar Arash. "Finite element analysis of thermally induced residual stresses in functionally graded materials." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92519.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced materials and their main characteristic is microstructure and composition variation over the volume of the specimen. This variation of the composition results in changing of material properties in the component. In FGMs usually there are two different types of powder materials such as metal and ceramic powders which are mixed to build up the graded region. These grade layers are placed between the metal and ceramic layers and by this approach a smooth and gradual transient from metal to ceramic can be achieved.Sintering is the main technique to

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36

Cantergiani, Elisa. "Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded Materials: Carbon Gradient inside Interstitial Free Steel." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34314.

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In the last decade aluminium started to be considered as an alternative to steel to produce car body panels, especially considering the strict demands to decrease fuel consumption which require vehicle weight reduction. In order to keep their leading role, steel companies have to produce stronger materials to reduce the thickness of steel sheets used in cars and are now considering non-conventional steel making processes. The purpose of this PhD research was to investigate the possibility of strengthening thin sheets of interstitial free steel (IF steel) by using carbon rich films deposited o

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37

Grigoriadis, Kostas. "Computational and conceptual blends : the epistemology of designing with functionally graded materials." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2018. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/3401/.

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Operating within the landscape of new materialism and considering recent advances in the field of additive manufacturing, the thesis is proposing a novel method of designing with a new type of material that is known as functionally graded. Two of the additive manufacturing advances that are considered of radical importance and at the same time are central to the research have to do with the progressively increasing scales of the output of 3D printing, as well as with the expanding palette of materials that can now be utilised in the process. Regarding the latter, there are already various indu

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38

Morton, Sean (Sean C. ). "Diffusional stability studies of a T91/12Cr-2Si-Fe functionally graded composite." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106724.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.<br>MIT Institute Archives copy: incomplete; ends at page 7.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 16 ).<br>by Sean Morton.<br>S.B.

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Handra. "Application and economic feasibility of functionally graded composite for lead-bismuth service." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45390.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60).<br>Use of materials in liquid Pb/Pb-Bi systems in the higher temperature (550°C-700°C) in advanced liquid metal cooled advanced reactor systems is limited by their corrosion resistance. To address this issue, an Fe-12Cr-2.55Si alloy system is being developed and researched, and when used along with T91 (9Cr-lMo) as base material, it will be applicable in tubes production mainly for advanced LBE (Lead-Bismuth Eutectic) reactor systems. An

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Jain, Nitesh. "Experiment and analytical evaluation of dynamic fracture in graded multifunctional materials /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3188059.

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41

Pratapa, Suminar. "Synthesis and character of a functionally-graded aluminium titanate/zirconia-alumina composite." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, 1997. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14696.

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A functionally-graded Al(subscript)2TiO(subscript)5/ZrO(subscript)2-Al(subscript)2O(subscript)3 (AT/zirconia-alumina) composite has been successfully synthesized by an infiltration process involving an alpha-Al(subscript)2O(subscript)3-ZrO(subscript)2 (90:10 by weight) green body and a solution containing titanium chloride. The mass gain after infiltration has been used to estimate the amount of new phase introduced into the system. The phase composition character of the functionally-graded material (FGM) has been determined by x-ray diffraction. The Rietveld "whole pattern" refinement method

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42

Uzun, Huseyin. "Fabrication and mechanical properties of SiCâ†(â†pâ†) /Al-2124 functionally graded materials." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341935.

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43

Gandra, João Pedro Machado da. "Preliminary study on the production of functionally graded materials by friction stir processing." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4889.

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica<br>An investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential application of Friction Stir Processing (FSP) to produce Functionally Graded Materials (FGM‟s). Friction stir processed materials can be considered as FGM‟s since the localized microstructural modification results in a gradual property modification. Therefore, to enhance hardness and ductility at specific superficial levels, surface layers of processed material were produced by multiple

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Binns, Andrew John. "Fatigue crack growth processes in novel alumina particulate reinforced titanium MMCs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312875.

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Shah, Kamran. "Laser direct metal deposition of dissimilar and functionally graded alloys." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/laser-direct-metal-deposition-of-dissimilar-and-functionally-graded-alloys(baa5f8fd-cead-4047-afbf-860844b501d8).html.

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The challenges in the deposition of dissimilar materials are mainly related to the large differences in the physical and chemical properties of the deposited and substrate materials. These differences readily cause residual stresses and intermetallic phases. This has led to the development of functionally graded materials which exhibit spatial variation in composition. Laser direct metal deposition due to its flexibility, it offers wide variety of dissimilar and functionally graded materials deposition. Despite considerable advances in process optimization, there is a rather limited understand

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46

SURANA, RAJESH R. "HIGH STRAIN FUNCTIONALLY GRADED BARIUM TITANATE AND ITS MATHEMATICAL CHARACTERIZATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1096650232.

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Su, Wei-Nien. "Layered fabrication of tool steel and functionally graded materials with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274985.

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Mellachervu, Krishnaveni. "Study of the honeycomb structures and functionally graded materials using the BEM and FEM." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1206460053.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.<br>Advisor: Yijun Liu. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb.25, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Honeycomb; FGM; BEM; FEM. Includes bibliographical references.

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Sivakumar, V. "Processing, Characterization And Evaluation Of A Functionally Graded Ai - 4.6% Cu Alloy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/183.

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In some applications the stress across the entire cross-section of a component is not uniform but varies with position. For example, maximum shear stress is highest at the inner surface of a thick-walled cylinder subjected to uniform internal pressure and it decreases continuously towards the outer surface. In such applications it would be more appropriate for the component, too, to have varying strength across the cross-section matching with the stress profile it is subjected to. The present work deals with obtaining such a functionally graded material (FGM), characterizing it and testing its

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Sivakumar, V. "Processing, Characterization And Evaluation Of A Functionally Graded Ai - 4.6% Cu Alloy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/183.

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In some applications the stress across the entire cross-section of a component is not uniform but varies with position. For example, maximum shear stress is highest at the inner surface of a thick-walled cylinder subjected to uniform internal pressure and it decreases continuously towards the outer surface. In such applications it would be more appropriate for the component, too, to have varying strength across the cross-section matching with the stress profile it is subjected to. The present work deals with obtaining such a functionally graded material (FGM), characterizing it and testing its

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