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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Functionally gradient materials

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Academic literature on the topic 'Functionally gradient materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Functionally gradient materials"

1

Rabin, B. H., and I. Shiota. "Functionally Gradient Materials." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 1 (January 1995): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400048855.

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This issue of the MRS Bulletin provides an up-to-date look at ongoing research activities within the field of functionally gradient materials (FGM). The term FGM, now widely used by the materials community, originated in Japan in the late 1980s as a description for a class of engineering materials exhibiting spatially inhomogeneous microstructures and properties. Of course, gradient materials are not something new. It must be recognized that humans have extensively utilized materials containing microstructural gradients (either those found in nature or those created through processing) since the earliest days of craftsmanship and engineering construction. Indeed, there are examples of graded materials developed long ago, such as case-hardened steel, which are still in common use today. Contemporary examples of these materials serve in technologically significant applications, as, for example, in thermal-barrier coatings for gas turbines. Nevertheless, what is new and exciting about FGMs is the realization that gradients can be designed at the microstructural level to tailor a material for the specific functional and performance requirements of an intended application. In addition, recent advances in processing are opening the possibility for the extension of the gradient materials concept to new materials systems and engineering problems.The recent resurgence of interest in gradient materials has been driven by the need for improved materials, capable of meeting the demanding performance requirements established by emerging technologies such as the aerospace plane, ceramic engines, and nuclear fusion.

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Zhang, Min, Hong Jun Huang, Hong Jing Wang, and Zhi Guang Li. "Development of Functionally Gradient Materials." Materials Science Forum 423-425 (May 2003): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.423-425.599.

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Shaw, Christopher P., Roger W. Whatmore, and Jeffrey R. Alcock. "Porous, Functionally Gradient Pyroelectric Materials." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90, no. 1 (January 2007): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01373.x.

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HIRAI, Toshio, and Makoto SASAKI. "Vapor - Deposited Functionally Gradient Materials." JSME international journal. Ser. 1, Solid mechanics, strength of materials 34, no. 2 (1991): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmea1988.34.2_123.

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SAITO, Tohru, Saburou KITAGUCHI, Nobuyuki SHIMODA, Masamichi KOGA, and Hiroshi TAKIGAWA. "Functionally gradient materials. Application of thermal spraying with functional materials." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 10 (1990): 992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.992.

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NIINO, Masayuki, and Yoshitsugu ISHIBASHI. "The perspective of functionally gradient materials." Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials 16, no. 1 (1990): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6089/jscm.16.14.

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Watanabe, R. "Powder Processing of Functionally Gradient Materials." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 1 (January 1995): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400048892.

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Powder metallurgical (P/M) processing of FGMs provides a wide range of compositional and microstructural control, along with shape-forming capability. Oxide/metal systems are desirable because this materials combination can be used to easily tailor materials properties. However, there are many problems to be investigated which pertain to each of the processing steps; process innovations will often be required to realize the versatility of this route. In this article, I briefly review the present status of the powder-processing method.Powder metallurgical fabrication of FGMs involves the following sequential steps with a selected material combination of metals and ceramics: determination of the optimum composition profile for an effective thermal-stress reduction; stepwise or continuous stacking of powder premixes according to the predesigned composition profile; compaction of the stacked powder heap and sintering with or without pressurizing. Besides the conventional powder metallurgical routes, a spray deposition method, using mixed powder suspensions and a slurry stacking method, have been developed to form continuously graded stacking. A powder spray stacking apparatus has been devised, which is fully automatic with computer control. Deposited compacts were cold isostatically pressed (CIP) and consolidated by hot isostatic pressing. Their microstructures show that this process provides fine compositional control with desired profiles.Differential temperature sintering by laser-beam heating has been studied to add versatility to the P/M process. The surface of the green compacts is scanned with a laser beam using a predesigned scanning pattern to ensure homogeneous heating over the entire surface.

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Kanayama, Satoshi, and Toshikazu Umemura. "Surface Functionally Gradient Materials of Polycarbonate." Seikei-Kakou 7, no. 4 (1995): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.7.216.

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Niedzialek, Scott E., Gregory C. Stangle, and Yoshinari Kaieda. "Combustion-synthesized functionally gradient refractory materials." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 8 (August 1993): 2026–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2026.

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Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM's) are soon to be used in a variety of important commercial applications; joining and thermal barrier coatings are two of the most widely studied. FGM's of the TiC/NiAl and the TiC/Ni3Al systems were fabricated using a one-step, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and densification method. It was observed that ignition of the starting mixture for these two systems was affected by the initial sample temperature and the external pressure that was applied to the sample during the ignition stage. Quality of the final product (e.g., porosity, grain size, cracking and microcracking, etc.) depends on a number of factors during this one-step operation. Reaction temperature control is important and is necessary to minimize residual porosity of the final product. Particle size of reactant powders, as well as applied pressure, also has an effect on the resulting microstructure. If careful reaction temperature control is achieved, along with optimum reactant powder size and applied pressure, an FGM of minimal porosity is obtained without residual macrocracks. Further, this method can easily be used to fabricate an FGM with a highly precise composition and material properties gradient. Finally, this process results in FGM's of similar quality when compared to those prepared by existing fabrication methods at only a fraction of the cost. Most importantly, it is expected that this process can be scaled up with relative ease.

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NODA, Naotake. "Thermal Stresses in Functionally Gradient Materials." International Journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources 3, no. 1 (1995): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5188/ijsmer.3.95.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Functionally gradient materials"

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Lin, Chang-Yi. "Processing and properties of functionally gradient materials." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284594.

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Babayi, Reza. "Fracture in functionally gradient materials, static and dynamic analyses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq20724.pdf.

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Yıldırım, Uygar Güden Mustafa. "Investigation of quasi-static dynamic mechanical properties of functionally graded Sic-particulate reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/makinamuh/T000470.doc.

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Gao, Xiong. "Two-dimensional exact analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric cantilevers under electric and mechanical loadings." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950671.

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Porter, David Scott. "Production of Functionally Gradient Materials Using Model Thermosetting Systems Cured in a Thermal Gradient." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27874.

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Thermosetting polymers can cure at a gradient of cure temperatures due to a variety of factors, including heat transfer in the thermoset during heating and the exotherm due to the chemical reaction occurring during the cure. A new method for assessing the effect of cure conditions on mechanical behavior of toughened thermosets has been developed. Modeling of the phase separation process of a model thermoset system provided detailed understanding of the mechanism of property variation with cure temperature for this material. Subsequent characterization of gradient temperature cured samples has shown important variations, illustrating not only the importance of cure conditions, but the possibility of producing materials with new and useful properties. A special mold was developed to cure samples in a controlled gradient of temperature. Example systems known to show pronounced variations in microstructure cured in this gradient mold showed large variations of microstructure as a function of position within the sample, corresponding to the cure temperature at that point. A model toughened thermoset system was developed to demonstrate gradients of properties following cure in the gradient temperature mold. Cyanate ester materials were modified with hydroxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers as well as low Tg amorphous polyesters. The polyesters showed very desirable properties for a toughener, including relatively good thermo-oxidative stability in comparison with the butadiene-acrylonitrile toughener. However, the variation of properties of the cured materials with temperature was small, and to better understand the property variation possible using a gradient cure temperature technique, the butadiene-acrylonitrile toughened cyanate ester system was chosen for further study. This system showed a significant variation of glass transition temperature of the cyanate-rich phase as a function of cure temperature. Modeling of the phase separation process of this material was varied out employing a modeling procedure developed for epoxy materials. Various characteristics of the system were determined in order to apply the model to the chosen toughened thermoset. These included viscosity, surface, and thermodynamic parameters in addition to a careful characterization of the morphological parameters developed during cure at the chosen temperatures. Results show excellent predictive capability of the model for microstructure. Prediction of phase composition as a function of cure temperature is also possible, again with good agreement with experiment results. Higher cure temperatures result in a non-equilibrium phase composition, depressing the glass transition temperature of the continuous cyanate ester rich phase. This provides a mechanism by which properties of the system change as a function of position within a gradient temperature cured sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis was employed to characterize the relaxation properties of gradient and isothermally cured samples. The Havriliak Negami equation was chosen to describe the relaxation behavior of these samples. Comparison of the fitting of isotherms over the small, experimentally accessible range of frequencies showed that the use of time-temperature superpositioning could more reliably discern relatively small differences. The breadth of the relaxation corresponding to the glass transition of the polycyanurate phase was increased with a gradient cure temperature relative to isothermally cured samples. This increased broadness was expressed in an alternative way through the use of an autocorrelation function, which allows direct comparison of the time-dependent transition from a fully unrelaxed condition to a fully relaxed one.
Ph. D.

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Heidari, Maryam. "3D modelling of functionally graded coatings." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215382.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviour of functionally graded materials in the coating design through analytical and numerical work. Functionally graded materials are advanced composite materials formed from two or more constituents with a continuously varying composition, which results in a continuous variation of material properties from one surface of the material to the other. The concept of functionally graded material is actively explored in coating design where structural and/or functional failures of the coating can happen due to a mismatch between the material properties of the coating and substrate, particularly at the coating/substrate interface. This work focuses on the performance of coated plates with homogeneous and graded coatings under various types of loading to develop a better understanding of their response. Firstly, the three dimensional elasticity solution for an isotropic coated plate with a stiffness gradient in the coating is extended to cover different types of applied loading and then a three dimensional elasticity solution for transversely isotropic materials with gradients in elastic properties is also developed. Based on the extended/developed solutions, a MATLAB code is created to produce a model that would enable the analysis of coated plates for a range of material, geometric and loading parameters. To test the analytical models, a finite element analysis is performed using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, in which a user material subroutine is employed to generate a gradient in the material properties within each element and increase the accuracy of the results. All the developed analytical and numerical models are then used to carry out a comparative study of three-dimensional stress and displacement fields in the coated plates with homogeneous and graded coatings and establish the effect of various parameters such as coating thickness, coating position, plate dimensions, stiffness gradient, loading distributions and anisotropy on the coated plate response.

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Goupee, Andrew. "Methodology for the Thermomechanical Simulation and Optimization of Functionally Graded Materials." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GoupeeA2005.pdf.

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Pelletier, Jacob Leo. "Thermoelastic Analysis and Optimization of Functionally Graded Plates and Shells." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PelletierJL2005.pdf.

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Akarapu, Sreekanth. "Numerical analysis of plane cracks in strain-gradient elastic materials." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/S%5FAkarapu%5F082205.pdf.

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Kidane, Addis Asmelash. "An experimental and analytical study of graded materials under thermo-mechanical dynamic loading /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3380532.

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Books on the topic "Functionally gradient materials"

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B, Holt J., International Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials (2nd : 1992 : San Francisco, Calif.), and International Ceramic Science and Technology Congress (3rd : 1992 : San Francisco, Calif.), eds. Functionally gradient materials. Westerville, Ohio: American Ceramic Society, 1993.

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Reynolds, Nathan J. Functionally graded materials. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Sobczak, Jerzy, and Ludmil Drenchev. Metal based functionally graded materials: Engineering and modeling. [Saif Zone, Sharjah, U.A.E.]: Bentham eBooks, 2009.

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International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials (4th 1996 Tsukuba Kenkyū Sentā). Functionally graded materials, 1996. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.

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Yoshinari, Miyamoto, ed. Functionally graded materials: Design, processing, and applications. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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"Daigaku to Kagaku" Kōkai Shinpojūmu (14th : 2000), ed. 21-seiki no shinsozai: Sangyōkai o kasseikasaseru keisha kinō zairyō. Tōkyō: Kubapuro, 2000.

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International Conference on Functionally Graded Materials, Technology Leveraged Applications (2002 Denver, Colo.). Functionally graded materials, technology leveraged applications: Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Functionally Graded Materials, Technology Leveraged Applications. Princeton, NJ: Metal Powder Industries Federation, 2002.

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Germany) International Conference on Thermo-Mechanically Graded Materials (1st 2012 Kassel. 1st International Conference on Thermo-Mechanically Graded Materials. Auerbach: Verlag Wissenschaftliche Scripten, 2012.

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9

International Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials (7th 2002 Beijing, China). Functionally graded materials VII: Proceedings of the seventh International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials (FGM2002) : Beijing, China, October 15-18, 2002. Uetikon-Zuerich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 2003.

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International, Symposium on Multifunctional and Functionally Graded Materials (8th 2004 Leuven Belgium). Functionally graded materials VIII: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Multifunctional and Functionally Graded Materials (FGM2004) : held in Leuven, Belgium, 11-14 July 2004. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Functionally gradient materials"

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Imai, Yoshio, P. Zhu, Yukihiro Isoda, and Yoshikazu Shinohara. "Power Evaluation of PbTe with Continuous Carrier Concentration Gradient." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 145–50. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.145.

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Fauser, Heidi, Christophe Poizat, Markus Grimm, Heiko Knoll, Winfried Schmitt, and Renate Freudenberger. "Electrodeposition of Gradient Layers for Improved Impact Load Resistance." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 53–58. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.53.

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Chen, Chun Hong, K. Takita, Satoshi Ishiguro, Sawao Honda, and Hideo Awaji. "Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Alumina Tube with Pore Gradient." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 755–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.755.

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Watanabe, Yoshimi, Shin Oike, and Ick Soo Kim. "Formation of Compositional Gradient during Fabrication of FGMs by a Centrifugal In Situ Method." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 693–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.693.

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Qui, Zhilun, Ruzhong Zuo, Chengxiang Ji, and Longtu Li. "Functionally Gradient Relaxor Dielectric Composites with X7R Characteristics." In Recent Developments in Electronic Materials and Devices, 145–52. 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081: The American Ceramic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118371107.ch15.

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Xie, Jian Xin, Shi Bo Li, and Shu Chen. "Fabrication of W/Cu Functionally Gradient Materials by Multi-Billet Extrusion." In Materials Science Forum, 1511–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.1511.

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Hauke, T., A. Z. Kouvatov, R. Steinhausen, W. Seifert, H. T. Langhammer, and H. Beige. "Modeling of Bending Actuators Based on Functionally Gradient Materials." In IUTAM Symposium on Smart Structures and Structronic Systems, 87–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0724-5_12.

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Kawasaki, Akira, and Ryuzo Watanabe. "Thermal Shock Fracture Mechanism of Metal/Ceramic Functionally Gradient Materials." In Thermal Shock and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Advanced Ceramics, 509–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8200-1_44.

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Kumakawa, A., and M. Niino. "Thermal Fatigue Characteristics of Functionally Gradient Materials for Aerospace Applications." In Thermal Shock and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Advanced Ceramics, 567–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8200-1_49.

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Chen, Shu Heng, Lin Jiang Wang, Xiang Li Xie, and Ye Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Multilayered Mullite/Mo Functionally Gradient Materials." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1866–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1866.

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Conference papers on the topic "Functionally gradient materials"

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Garland, Anthony, and Georges Fadel. "Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Functionally Gradient Materials." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59298.

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The objective of this research is to optimally design both the topology and material distribution of functionally gradient material objects while considering more than one objective. Many techniques exist for both topology optimization and optimal placement of functionally gradient material within a single object, but combining the two is challenging. In addition, gradient materials allow customization of individual regions of a single part in order to achieve conflicting objectives or constraints. This paper shows a technique for concurrent topology and material gradient optimization within a single part while considering two conflicting objectives. The algorithm is applied to a standard topology optimization problem. The resulting gradient material designs have regions with distinct functionality and the material in these regions is chosen based on the regions function. In addition, a comparison of the gradient material design and a corresponding homogenous material design shows a significant improvement in the objective value for the gradient material design.

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Jun, Tao. "Development and Application of Functionally Gradient Materials." In 2012 International Conference on Industrial Control and Electronics Engineering (ICICEE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicee.2012.271.

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Lian-meng, Zhang, Chen Fei, Shen Qiang, Yan Fa-qiang, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Pore Gradient Structure." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896812.

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O'Day, Michelina E., Louise C. Sengupta, E. Ngo, S. Stowell, and R. Lancto. "Processing and characterization of functionally gradient ceramic materials." In 1994 North American Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.174074.

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Hudnut, Steven W., Abdulhakim Almajid, and Minoru Taya. "Functionally gradient piezoelectric bimorph-type actuator." In SPIE's 7th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Christopher S. Lynch. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.388222.

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Liu, Lisheng, Qingjie Zhang, Pengcheng Zhai, Dongfeng Cao, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "One Dimension Analytical Model of Normal Ballistic Impact on Ceramic∕Metal Gradient Armor." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896760.

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Zeng, H., I. Nasri, S. Pattofatto, H. Zhao, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "Influence of Property Gradient on the Behavior of Cellular Materials Subjected to Impact Loading." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896917.

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Liu, Lisheng, Qingjie Zhang, Pengcheng Zhai, Dongfeng Cao, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "The effect of ceramic∕metal gradient armor's components characteristic on its impact-resistant characteristic." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896762.

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Hou, P. J., H. G. Wang, B. L. Zha, X. J. Yuan, and L. Jiang. "Research Progress and Prospects of Thermally Sprayed Functionally Gradient Materials." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p1001.

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Abstract The concept, development background and the present applications of functionally gradient materials (FGMs) are introduced. Some spraying methods to fabricate FGM coatings, such as plasma spraying, flame spraying, high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying and detonation flame spraying are reviewed. The research emphases and prospects of the technologies are put forward.

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Kawashima, Koichiro, Naoki Takenouchi, Hideo Awaji, and Tadahiro Nishikawa. "Ultrasonic characterization of functionally gradient materials with leaky Rayleigh wave." In The ninth international symposium on nondestructive characterization of materials. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302034.

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Reports on the topic "Functionally gradient materials"

1

Gu, Pei, and R. J. Asaro. Deformation and Failure in Functionally Gradient Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377901.

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Kleponis, David S., Audrey L. Mihalein, Gordon L. Fibley, and Jr. Material Design Paradigms for Optimal Functional Gradient Armors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436346.

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