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Journal articles on the topic 'Functions and Indoles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Moldvai, István, Eszter Gács-Baitz, and Csaba Szántay. "Chemistry of indoles carrying basic functions. I. Transformation of hydroxyindolones into indoles." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 110, no. 11 (2010): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19911101102.

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2

MOLDVAI, I., E. GACS-BAITZ, and C. SZANTAY. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Indoles Carrying Basic Functions. Part 1. Transformation of Hydroxyindolones into Indoles." ChemInform 23, no. 14 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199214194.

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3

Chang, Chieh-Yu, Yu-Huan Lin, and Yen-Ku Wu. "Palladium-catalyzed N1-selective allylation of indoles with allylic alcohols promoted by titanium tetraisopropoxide." Chemical Communications 55, no. 8 (2019): 1116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09817d.

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4

Zhai, Yizhan, Xue Zhang, and Shengming Ma. "Stereoselective rhodium-catalyzed 2-C–H 1,3-dienylation of indoles: dual functions of the directing group." Chemical Science 12, no. 34 (2021): 11330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc02167b.

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A rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular highly stereoselective 1,3-dienylation at the 2-position of indoles with non-terminal allenyl carbonates has been developed by using 2-pyrimidinyl or pyridinyl as the directing group.

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5

Sz�tay, Csaba, Istv� Moldval, Csaba Sz�tay Jr., and Csaba Sz�tay. "Chemistry of Indoles Carrying Basic Functions. Part II. Synthesis of 4-Substituted Cyclohept[c.d]indoles. A New Entry into the Ring System." HETEROCYCLES 34, no. 2 (1992): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-91-5803.

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6

Vadaq, Nadira, Yue Zhang, Elise Meeder, et al. "Microbiome-Related Indole and Serotonin Metabolites are Linked to Inflammation and Psychiatric Symptoms in People Living with HIV." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 15 (January 2022): 117864692211268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786469221126888.

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Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) exhibit dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism. Altered gut microbiome composition in PLHIV might be involved. Mechanistic consequences within the 3 major tryptophan metabolism pathways (serotonin, kynurenine, and indoles), and functional consequences for platelet, immune and behavioral functions are unknown. We investigated plasma tryptophan metabolites, gut microbiome composition, and their association with platelet function, inflammation, and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: This study included 211 PLHIV on long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART). P

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MOLDVAI, I., C. JUN SZANTAY, and C. SZANTAY. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Indoles Carrying Basic Functions. Part 2. Synthesis of 4- Substituted Cyclohept(c,d)indoles. A New Entry into the Ring System." ChemInform 23, no. 27 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199227169.

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8

Bock, Karl Walter. "Human and rodent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): from mediator of dioxin toxicity to physiologic AHR functions and therapeutic options." Biological Chemistry 398, no. 4 (2017): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2016-0303.

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Abstract Metabolism of aryl hydrocarbons and toxicity of dioxins led to the discovery of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Tremendous advances have been made on multiplicity of AHR signaling and identification of endogenous ligands including the tryptophan metabolites FICZ and kynurenine. However, human AHR functions are still poorly understood due to marked species differences as well as cell-type- and cell context-dependent AHR functions. Observations in dioxin-poisoned individuals may provide hints to physiologic AHR functions in humans. Based on these observations three human AHR functi

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9

Duvauchelle, Valentin, David Bénimélis, Patrick Meffre та Zohra Benfodda. "Catalyst-Free Site Selective Hydroxyalkylation of 5-Phenylthiophen-2-amine with α-Trifluoromethyl Ketones through Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution". Molecules 27, № 3 (2022): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030925.

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An original and effective approach for achieving trifluoromethyl hydroxyalkylation of 5-phenylthiophen-2-amine using α-trifluoromethyl ketones is described. In the last few years, reaction of Friedel-Crafts had been widely used to realize hydroxyalkylation on heterocycles such as indoles or thiophenes by means of Lewis acid as catalyst. Additionally, amine functions are rarely free when carbonyl reagents are used because of their tendency to form imines. This is the first time that a site-selective electrophilic aromatic substitution on C3 atom of an unprotected 5-phenylthiophen-2-amine moiety

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Bershtein, L. M. "E. J. Pavlik, ed. Estrogens, progestins and their antagonists. - Vol. 2. Functions and mechanisms of action. - Boston, Basel, Berlin: Bikhauser, 1996 .-- 632 p." Problems of Endocrinology 44, no. 2 (2019): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl199844253-54.

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The book under review is part of a lengthy and interesting series for specialists, published by the Birkhauser Publishing House and having the common title Hormones in Normal and Pathological Conditions. The first volume of the book, a review of which is published in Issue 3 of the journal “Oncology Issues” for 1997, deals mainly with the degree of oncological risk of estrogen replacement therapy in menopause, about the not always unambiguous anticarcinogenic properties of phytoestrogens and food indoles, and about modern approaches to hormone therapy for prostate cancer, etc., i.e., mainly ab

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11

Rizwan, Komal, Ismat Majeed, Muhammad Bilal, Tahir Rasheed, Ahmad Shakeel, and Shahid Iqbal. "Phytochemistry and Diverse Pharmacology of Genus Mimosa: A Review." Biomolecules 12, no. 1 (2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12010083.

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The genus Mimosa belongs to the Fabaceae family and comprises almost 400 species of herbs, shrubs and ornamental trees. The genus Mimosa is found all over the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, South America, North America and Australia. Traditionally, this genus has been popular for the treatment of jaundice, diarrhea, fever, toothache, wound healing, asthma, leprosy, vaginal and urinary complaints, skin diseases, piles, gastrointestinal disorders, small pox, hepatitis, tumor, HIV, ulcers and ringworm. The review covered literature available from 1959 to 2020 collected from books, scient

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12

Bhargava, Shruti, Erik Merckelbach, Heidi Noels, Ashima Vohra, and Joachim Jankowski. "Homeostasis in the Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease." Toxins 14, no. 10 (2022): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100648.

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The gut microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms, fulfilling important roles in metabolism, nutritional intake, physiology and maturation of the immune system, but also aiding and abetting the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The human gut microbiome consists of bacterial species from five major bacterial phyla, namely Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Alterations in the members of these phyla alter the total gut microbiota, with a decline in the number of symbiotic flora and an increase in the pathogenic bacteria, causing or

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13

Tang, Jintian, Yukang Li, Leilei Zhang, et al. "Biosynthetic Pathways and Functions of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Microorganisms." Microorganisms 11, no. 8 (2023): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082077.

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Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) belongs to the family of auxin indole derivatives. IAA regulates almost all aspects of plant growth and development, and is one of the most important plant hormones. In microorganisms too, IAA plays an important role in growth, development, and even plant interaction. Therefore, mechanism studies on the biosynthesis and functions of IAA in microorganisms can promote the production and utilization of IAA in agriculture. This mini-review mainly summarizes the biosynthesis pathways that have been reported in microorganisms, including the indole-3-acetamide pathway, indo

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14

Muyzhnek, E. L., S. V. Nikulin, A. D. Kaprin, et al. "Antitumor Activity of Indole-3-carbinol in Breast Cancer Cells: Phenotype, Genetic Pattern, DNA Methylation Inversion." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 2 (2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-2-43-55.

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The effect of indole-3-carbinol on a number of functions and characteristics of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A healthy breast tissue cells has been studied. It was shown that indole-3-carbinol significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells and does not affect these functions in MCF-10A cells. Incubation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells with indole-3-carbinol (100 uM) for 48 h resulted in a marked decrease in the expression of the Wnt cascade genes, CCND1 (by 28%), SP1 (by 44%), CDK6 (by 47%), as well as EGFR (by 64%) and FASN (by 22%) genes. Incubation of MCF-10

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15

Mayo, Juan C., and Rosa M. Sainz. "Melatonin from an Antioxidant to a Classic Hormone or a Tissue Factor: Experimental and Clinical Aspects 2019." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10 (2020): 3645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103645.

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During the last 25 years we have accomplished great advances in melatonin research, regarding antioxidant or anti-inflammatory functions, oncostatic actions, glucose metabolism regulation or plant physiology, among others. Of course, we should not forget the classical, circadian-related functions of the indole, which has recently brought up new and important findings. All together these new discoveries will likely lead the way in the next decade in terms of melatonin research. This special issue collects some of these new advances focused on different aspects of the indole

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16

Lebrini, M., F. Robert, and C. Roos. "Adsorption Properties and Inhibition of C38 Steel Corrosion in Hydrochloric Solution by Some Indole Derivates: Temperature Effect, Activation Energies, and Thermodynamics of Adsorption." International Journal of Corrosion 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/139798.

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The corrosion rates in the presence of some indole derivates, namely, 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (norharmane) and 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (harmane), as inhibitors of C38 steel corrosion inhibitor in 1 M HCl solution, were measured by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, in the range of temperatures from 25 to 55∘C. Results obtained revealed that the organic compounds investigated have inhibiting properties for all temperatures. The inhibition was assumed to occur via adsorption of the indole molecules on the metal surface. Adsorption of

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17

South, J. H. Exon, E. H. "DIETARY INDOLE-3-CARBINOL ALTERS IMMUNE FUNCTIONS IN RATS." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 59, no. 4 (2000): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009841000156934.

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18

Mueller, Carrie, Madhu Katepalli, Shelby Steinmeyer, Arul Jayaraman, and Robert Alaniz. "A role for microbiota metabolites in generation of mucosal dendritic cells (P3160)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 61.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.61.5.

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Abstract The gut mucosa normally exhibits tolerance towards the commensal microbiota by active suppression of inflammation. When homeostasis is disrupted, inflammatory bowel diseases may develop, during which microbiota dysbiosis may also occur. Resulting chronic inflammation induces loss of intestinal epithelial integrity, gastrointestinal (GI) distress, and colon cancer risk. We hypothesize that under normal conditions, the microbiota produce beneficial compounds that promote homeostasis. Previously, we reported that indole exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal

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19

Tsuchiya, Hironori. "Comparative Effects ofα-,β-, andγ-Carbolines on Platelet Aggregation and Lipid Membranes". Journal of Toxicology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/151596.

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Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption possibly affect platelet functions. To verify the hypothesis that someα-,β-, andγ-carboline components in cigarette smoke and alcoholic beverages may change platelet aggregability, their effects on human platelets were determined by aggregometry together with investigating their membrane effects by turbidimetry. Carbolines inhibited platelet aggregation induced by five agents with the potency being 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole > 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole > 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole. The most potent 3-amino-1,4-d

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20

Pirog, T. P., D. V. Piatetska, N. O. Klymenko, and G. O. Iutynska. "Ways of Auxin Biosynthesis in Microorganisms." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 84, no. 2 (2022): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.057.

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Among plant hormones, auxins, in particular indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), are the most studied and researched. Almost all groups of soil microorganisms, both plant-associated and non-plant-associated bacteria, fungi, and phytopathogenic microorganisms are capable of producing auxins. The development of preparations for crop production is directly related to the production of bacterial strains with high auxin-synthesizing potential, which is possible only with a full understanding of the ways of regulation and synthesis of auxins in bacteria. The synthesis of auxins in microorganisms can take pla

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21

Gwon, Seon-Yeong, Sue-Yeon Lee, Young-A. Son, and Sung-Hoon Kim. "Benzothiazole and indole based dye sensor: Optical switching functions with pH stimuli." Fibers and Polymers 13, no. 9 (2012): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-012-1101-0.

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22

Wu, Jun, Blair Moses Kamanga, Wenying Zhang, Yanhao Xu, and Le Xu. "Research progress of aldehyde oxidases in plants." PeerJ 10 (March 25, 2022): e13119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13119.

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Plant aldehyde oxidases (AOs) are multi-functional enzymes, and they could oxidize abscisic aldehyde into ABA (abscisic acid) or indole acetaldehyde into IAA (indoleacetic acid) as the last step, respectively. AOs can be divided into four groups based on their biochemical and physiological functions. In this review, we summarized the recent studies about AOs in plants including the motif information, biochemical, and physiological functions. Besides their role in phytohormones biosynthesis and stress response, AOs could also involve in reactive oxygen species homeostasis, aldehyde detoxificati

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23

Lee, Soon Goo, Kate Harline, Orchid Abar, et al. "The plant pathogen enzyme AldC is a long-chain aliphatic aldehyde dehydrogenase." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 40 (2020): 13914–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014747.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenases are versatile enzymes that serve a range of biochemical functions. Although traditionally considered metabolic housekeeping enzymes because of their ability to detoxify reactive aldehydes, like those generated from lipid peroxidation damage, the contributions of these enzymes to other biological processes are widespread. For example, the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae strain PtoDC3000 uses an indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to synthesize the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid to elude host responses. Here we investigate the biochemical function of AldC from PtoD

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24

Gilbert, Sarah, Alexander Poulev, William Chrisler, et al. "Auxin-Producing Bacteria from Duckweeds Have Different Colonization Patterns and Effects on Plant Morphology." Plants 11, no. 6 (2022): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11060721.

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The role of auxin in plant–microbe interaction has primarily been studied using indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing pathogenic or plant-growth-promoting bacteria. However, the IAA biosynthesis pathway in bacteria involves indole-related compounds (IRCs) and intermediates with less known functions. Here, we seek to understand changes in plant response to multiple plant-associated bacteria taxa and strains that differ in their ability to produce IRCs. We had previously studied 47 bacterial strains isolated from several duckweed species and determined that 79% of these strains produced IRCs in c

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25

Walter, Antje, Lorenzo Caputi, Sarah O’Connor, Karl-Heinz van Pée, and Jutta Ludwig-Müller. "Chlorinated Auxins—How Does Arabidopsis Thaliana Deal with Them?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (2020): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072567.

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Plant hormones have various functions in plants and play crucial roles in all developmental and differentiation stages. Auxins constitute one of the most important groups with the major representative indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). A halogenated derivate of IAA, 4-chloro-indole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA), has previously been identified in Pisum sativum and other legumes. While the enzymes responsible for the halogenation of compounds in bacteria and fungi are well studied, the metabolic pathways leading to the production of 4-Cl-IAA in plants, especially the halogenating reaction, are still unknown

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Buneeva, O. A., O. V. Gnedenko, M. V. Medvedeva, A. S. Ivanov, and A. E. Medvedev. "Oxidative modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase influences its interaction with endogenous neuroprotector isatin." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 62, no. 2 (2016): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20166202160.

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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a classical glycolytic redox sensitive enzyme, exhibits various non-glycolytic functions, which are considered to be especially important for progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. GAPDH binds isatin (indole-dione-2,3), an endogenous indole often used as a parent component in numerous derivatives demonstrating diverse pharmacological (including neuroprotector) activities. In this study we have investigated binding of intact and mildly oxidized GAPDH to immobilized isatin, using an optical biosensor technique, employing surface plasm

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27

Cao, Xu, Honglei Yang, Chunqiong Shang, Sang Ma, Li Liu, and Jialing Cheng. "The Roles of Auxin Biosynthesis YUCCA Gene Family in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (2019): 6343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246343.

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Auxin plays essential roles in plant normal growth and development. The auxin signaling pathway relies on the auxin gradient within tissues and cells, which is facilitated by both local auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport (PAT). The TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA)/YUCCA (YUC) pathway is the most important and well-characterized pathway that plants deploy to produce auxin. YUCs function as flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) catalyzing the rate-limiting irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of indole-3-pyruvate acid (IPyA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The sp

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28

Bakar-Ates, Filiz. "The Indole Phytoalexin Derivatives Induced a Significant Inhibition on Src Kinase Activity of Human Cancer Cells." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022003.

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The Src, a protein kinase, is a family of protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs), and this protein catalyses the phosphorylation of tyrosine. The studies have revealed its key roles in regulating signal transduction from cell surface receptors. The Src kinases act as cytoplasmic signalling machinery through regulating various cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The pleiotropic functions of the Src family emphasise the importance of family members which have also been accepted as cellular oncogenes. Indole phytoalexins, which have been identified in vario

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29

Crocetti, Letizia, Gabriella Guerrini, Maria Paola Giovannoni, et al. "New Panx-1 Blockers: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Dynamic Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (2022): 4827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094827.

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The channel protein Panx-1 is involved in some pathologies, such as epilepsy, ischemic stroke, cancer and Parkinson’s disease, as well as in neuropathic pain. These observations make Panx-1 an interesting biological target. We previously published some potent indole derivatives as Panx-1 blockers, and as continuation of the research in this field we report here the studies on additional chemical scaffolds, naphthalene and pyrazole, appropriately substituted with those functions that gave the best results as in our indole series (sulphonamide functions and one/two carboxylic groups) and in Panx

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30

Negri, Stefano, Mauro Commisso, Linda Avesani, and Flavia Guzzo. "The case of tryptamine and serotonin in plants: a mysterious precursor for an illustrious metabolite." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 15 (2021): 5336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab220.

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Abstract Indolamines are tryptophan-derived specialized metabolites belonging to the huge and ubiquitous indole alkaloids group. Serotonin and melatonin are the best-characterized members of this family, given their many hormonal and physiological roles in animals. Following their discovery in plants, the study of plant indolamines has flourished and their involvement in important processes, including stress responses, growth and development, and reproduction, has been proposed, leading to their classification as a new category of phytohormones. However, the complex indolamine puzzle is far fr

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31

Shcherbakova, E. S., T. S. Sall, S. I. Sitkin, T. Ya Vakhitov, and E. V. Demyanova. "The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 48, no. 6 (2020): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-066.

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The review deals with the role of aromatic amino acids and their microbial metabolites in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pathological changes typical for NAFLD, as well as abnormal composition and/or functional activity of gut microbiota, results in abnormal aromatic amino acid metabolism. The authors discuss the potential of these amino acids and their bacterial metabolites to produce both negative and positive impact on the main steps of NAFLD pathophysiology, such as lipogenesis and inflammation, as well as on the liver functions through regula

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Pfalz, Marina, Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen, Paweł Bednarek, Carl Erik Olsen, Barbara Ann Halkier, and Juergen Kroymann. "Metabolic Engineering in Nicotiana benthamiana Reveals Key Enzyme Functions in Arabidopsis Indole Glucosinolate Modification." Plant Cell 23, no. 2 (2011): 716–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.081711.

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Mano, Y., K. Nemoto, M. Suzuki, H. Seki, I. Fujii, and T. Muranaka. "The AMI1 gene family: indole-3-acetamide hydrolase functions in auxin biosynthesis in plants." Journal of Experimental Botany 61, no. 1 (2009): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp292.

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Gitis, Valeri, Alexander Derendyaev, Konstantin Petrov, et al. "Monotonic Functions Method and Its Application to Staging of Patients with Prostate Cancer According to Pretreatment Data." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 3836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093836.

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Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy (after lung cancer). Preoperative staging of PCa is the basis for the selection of adequate treatment tactics. In particular, an urgent problem is the classification of indolent and aggressive forms of PCa in patients with the initial stages of the tumor process. To solve this problem, we propose to use a new binary classification machine-learning method. The proposed method of monotonic functions uses a model in which the disease’s form is determined by the severity of the patient’s condition. It is assumed that the patient’s condition is

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35

Watanabe, Shunsuke, Naoki Takahashi, Yuri Kanno, et al. "TheArabidopsisNRT1/PTR FAMILY protein NPF7.3/NRT1.5 is an indole-3-butyric acid transporter involved in root gravitropism." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (2020): 31500–31509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013305117.

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Active membrane transport of plant hormones and their related compounds is an essential process that determines the distribution of the compounds within plant tissues and, hence, regulates various physiological events. Here, we report that theArabidopsisNITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY 7.3 (NPF7.3) protein functions as a transporter of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), a precursor of the major endogenous auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). When expressed in yeast, NPF7.3 mediated cellular IBA uptake. Loss-of-functionnpf7.3mutants showed defective root gravitropism with reduced IBA lev

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Wang, Bing, Jinfang Chu, Tianying Yu, et al. "Tryptophan-independent auxin biosynthesis contributes to early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 15 (2015): 4821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503998112.

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The phytohormone auxin regulates nearly all aspects of plant growth and development. Tremendous achievements have been made in elucidating the tryptophan (Trp)-dependent auxin biosynthetic pathway; however, the genetic evidence, key components, and functions of the Trp-independent pathway remain elusive. Here we report that the Arabidopsis indole synthase mutant is defective in the long-anticipated Trp-independent auxin biosynthetic pathway and that auxin synthesized through this spatially and temporally regulated pathway contributes significantly to the establishment of the apical–basal axis,

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Reiter, Russel J., Dun Xian Tan, and Annia Galano. "Melatonin: Exceeding Expectations." Physiology 29, no. 5 (2014): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00011.2014.

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Melatonin is a small, highly conserved indole with numerous receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions. Receptor-dependent functions include circadian rhythm regulation, sleep, and cancer inhibition. The receptor-independent actions relate to melatonin's ability to function in the detoxification of free radicals, thereby protecting critical molecules from the destructive effects of oxidative stress under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion injury (stroke, heart attack), ionizing radiation, and drug toxicity, among others. Melatonin has numerous applications in physiology and medicine.

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Prudhomme, Michelle. "lndolocarbazoles as Anti-Cancer Agents." Current Pharmaceutical Design 3, no. 3 (1997): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161280303221007123245.

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Abstract: Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine protein kinases that plays a key role in signal transduction. Consequently, PKC controls a large variety of cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation as well as smooth muscle contraction and secretions. The disruption of these processes would have severe implications for many physiological functions. The twelve known PKC isoenzymes show great variations in their substrate specificity and their distribution among different tissues, indicating their specialised role in certain tissue functi

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Kliebenstein, Daniel J., Jonathan Gershenzon, and Thomas Mitchell-Olds. "Comparative Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Aliphatic, Indolic and Benzylic Glucosinolate Production in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves and Seeds." Genetics 159, no. 1 (2001): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.1.359.

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Abstract Secondary metabolites are a diverse set of plant compounds believed to have numerous functions in plant-environment interactions. Despite this importance, little is known about the regulation of secondary metabolite accumulation. We are studying the regulation of glucosinolates, a large group of secondary metabolites, in Arabidopsis to investigate how secondary metabolism is controlled. We utilized Ler and Cvi, two ecotypes of Arabidopsis that have striking differences in both the types and amounts of glucosinolates that accumulate in the seeds and leaves. QTL analysis identified six

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Lin, Hailing, Hongqiang Qiu, Yu Cheng, et al. "Gelsemium elegans Benth: Chemical Components, Pharmacological Effects, and Toxicity Mechanisms." Molecules 26, no. 23 (2021): 7145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237145.

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Gelsemium elegans Benth (GEB), also known as heartbreak grass, is a highly poisonous plant belonging to the family Loganiaceae and genus Gelsemium that has broad application prospects in medicine. This article reviews its chemical components, pharmacological effects, toxicity mechanisms, and research progress in clinical applications in recent years. Indole alkaloids are the main active components of GEB and have a variety of pharmacological and biological functions. They have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulation properties, with the therapeutic dose being close to th

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Lőrinczi, Bálint, Péter Simon, and István Szatmári. "Synthesis of Indole-Coupled KYNA Derivatives via C–N Bond Cleavage of Mannich Bases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (2022): 7152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137152.

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KYNAs, a compound with endogenous neuroprotective functions and an indole that is a building block of many biologically active compounds, such as a variety of neurotransmitters, are reacted in a transformation building upon Mannich bases. The reaction yields triarylmethane derivatives containing two biologically potent skeletons, and it may contribute to the synthesis of new, specialised neuroprotective compounds. The synthesis has been investigated via two procedures and the results were compared to those of previous studies. A possible alternative reaction route through acid catalysis has be

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Qin, Miaomiao, Jing Wang, Tianyi Zhang, et al. "Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis on YUCCA Gene Family in Isatis indigotica Fort. and IiYUCCA6-1 Functional Exploration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (2020): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062188.

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Auxin is one of the most critical hormones in plants. YUCCA (Tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis (TAA)/YUCCA) enzymes catalyze the key rate-limiting step of the tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway, from IPA (Indole-3-pyruvateacid) to IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid). Here, 13 YUCCA family genes were identified from Isatis indigotica, which were divided into four categories, distributing randomly on chromosomes (2n = 14). The typical and conservative motifs, including the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO)-identifying sequence

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Zhou, Cai-Jie, Bai-Ling Xie, Hai-Yang Han, et al. "Short-Chain Fatty Acids Promote Immunotherapy by Modulating Immune Regulatory Property in B Cells." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (December 10, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2684361.

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The dysfunction of regulatory B cells (Breg) may result in immune inflammation such as allergic rhinitis (AR); the underlying mechanism is not fully understood yet. Short-chain fatty acids, such as propionic acid (PA), have immune regulatory functions. This study is aimed at testing a hypothesis that modulates PA production alleviating airway allergy through maintaining Breg functions. B cells were isolated from the blood obtained from AR patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. The stabilization of IL-10 mRNA in B cells was tested with RT-qPCR. An AR mouse model was developed to test the r

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Garty, Ben-Zion, Balu H. Athreya, Robert Wilmott, Nina Scarpa, Robert Doughty, and Steven D. Douglas. "Pulmonary Functions in Children With Progressive Systemic Sclerosis." Pediatrics 88, no. 6 (1991): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.6.1161.

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The patterns of pulmonary involvement in 13 children with progressive systemic sclerosis were investigated. Eight patients (61%) had respiratory symptoms or signs and 7 patients (55%) had abnormalities on chest roentgenogram. Twelve patients (92%) had abnormal pulmonary function tests: 7 had restrictive disease, 2 had obstructive disease, 2 had small airway disease, and 1 had an isolated reduction in the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide. Nine patients had the test performed during the first year of illness, 3 during the second year, and 1 at 5 years. All patients had abnormal pulmonary fu

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Stepanova, Anna N., Jeonga Yun, Linda M. Robles, et al. "The Arabidopsis YUCCA1 Flavin Monooxygenase Functions in the Indole-3-Pyruvic Acid Branch of Auxin Biosynthesis." Plant Cell 23, no. 11 (2011): 3961–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.088047.

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Xia, Yan, Xiliang Zheng, Erkang Wang, Dongfeng Li, Ruibin Hou, and Jin Wang. "Synthesis of adenosine analogues with indole moiety as human adenosine A 3 receptor ligands." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (2018): 171596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171596.

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Adenosine is an endogenous modulator exerting its functions through the activation of four adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, termed A 1 , A 2A , A 2B and A 3 , which belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The human A 3 AR (hA 3 AR) subtype is implicated in several cytoprotective functions. Therefore, hA 3 AR modulators, and in particular agonists, are sought for their potential application as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and cardioprotective agents. Here, we prepared novel adenosine derivatives with indole moiety as hA 3 AR ligands. According to the biological assay, we found

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Kollath-Leiß, K., C. Bönniger, P. Sardar, and F. Kempken. "BEM46 Shows Eisosomal Localization and Association with Tryptophan-Derived Auxin Pathway in Neurospora crassa." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 8 (2014): 1051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00061-14.

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ABSTRACTBEM46 proteins are evolutionarily conserved, but their functions remain elusive. We reported previously that the BEM46 protein inNeurospora crassais targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is essential for ascospore germination. In the present study, we established abem46knockout strain ofN. crassa. This Δbem46mutant exhibited a level of ascospore germination lower than that of the wild type but much higher than those of the previously characterizedbem46-overexpressing and RNA interference (RNAi) lines. Reinvestigation of the RNAi transformants revealed two types of alternativel

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Otten, Léon, and Anne Helfer. "Biological Activity of the rolB-like 5′ End of the A4-orf8 Gene from the Agrobacterium rhizogenes TL-DNA." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 3 (2001): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.3.405.

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The iaaM gene from different plant-associated bacteria encodes a tryptophan monooxygenase (IaaM) that catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetamide (IAM), a precursor of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Unlike the IaaM proteins from other bacteria, Agrobacterium spp. T-DNA-encoded IaaM proteins carry a 200 amino acid N-terminal extension with low homology to various members of the RolB protein family. This family is composed of 18 highly divergent T-DNA-encoded proteins, the basic functions of which are still largely undetermined. Deletion of the 5′rolB-like extension of the iaaM gene from Agrobact

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Dixon, David P., Jonathan D. Sellars, and Robert Edwards. "The Arabidopsis phi class glutathione transferase AtGSTF2: binding and regulation by biologically active heterocyclic ligands." Biochemical Journal 438, no. 1 (2011): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20101884.

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The plant-specific phi class of glutathione transferases (GSTFs) are often highly stress-inducible and expressed in a tissue-specific manner, suggestive of them having important protective roles. To date, these functions remain largely unknown, although activities associated with the binding and transport of reactive metabolites have been proposed. Using a sensitive and selective binding screen, we have probed the Arabidopsis thaliana GSTFs for natural product ligands from bacteria and plants. Uniquely, when overexpressed in bacteria, family members GSTF2 and GSTF3 bound a series of heterocycl

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Nemoto, Keiichirou, Masamitsu Hara, Masashi Suzuki, Hikaru Seki, Toshiya Muranaka, and Yoshihiro Mano. "TheNtAMI1gene functions in cell division of tobacco BY-2 cells in the presence of indole-3-acetamide." FEBS Letters 583, no. 2 (2008): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2008.12.049.

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