Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fund credit

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fund credit'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fund credit"

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Uppily, Ramabadran, and M. S. Ramaratnam. "Managing Mutual Fund Portfolio—the Franklin Templeton Credit Risk Fund Debacle." FIIB Business Review 9, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319714520959526.

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Franklin Templeton started its Indian operations in the year 1996. On 24th April 2020 it made an announcement that it would be winding up Franklin India Credit Risk Fund and five other funds. This case is about the debacle of Franklin India Credit Risk Fund. Liquidity crisis in the debt market due to various events that happened in 2019, exposure towards debt instruments that turned risky (such as Yes Bank and Vodafone), reduction of inflows, redemption pressure, debt market becoming illiquid due to COVID-19 pandemic, were cited as some of the reasons for winding up of Franklin India Credit Risk Fund. The important thing to note is that when other credit risk funds have not taken the decision of winding up, why Franklin India Credit Risk Fund took this call? This case presents an opportunity to the students to analyse the factors that have contributed to the debacle and whether the decision taken is correct?
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Chiu, Hsin-Hui, and Lu Zhu. "Can mutual fund flows serve as market risk sentiment?" Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-08-2016-0103.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the information content of mutual fund flows and its indication on investors’ preference/tolerance toward risk. Design/methodology/approach Mutual funds are grouped into different categories based on assets with different levels of risk perceptions (e.g. equity fund, money market fund), and this information is publicly accessible. This paper examines the correlation patterns between fund flows and changes in credit default swaps (CDS) spreads. In addition, it also examines such a relation by dividing the samples into different fund types (e.g. retail vs institutional fund flows). Findings This paper suggests that equity fund flows are negatively related to CDS spreads, whereas money market fund flows are positively related to CDS spreads. Furthermore, it indicates that retail fund flows provide insightful information and serve as the primary driver behind the relation between fund flows and CDS spreads. Originality/value The findings of this paper indicate that flows into equity and money market funds could serve as a risk sentiment in credit markets. And this is the first study, to the best of the author’s knowledge, to establish such a linkage between fund flows and CDS spreads to help investors gauge credit market sentiment.
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Erisandi, Erisandi. "PENGARUH COST OF LOANABLE FUND (COLF) DAN TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA SERTIFIKAT BANK INDONESIA (SBI) TERHADAP JUMLAH KREDIT YANG DIBERIKAN." Jurnal Perspective Business 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jpb.v1i2.22.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of the Cost of Loanable Fund (COLF) and the interest rate of Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI) on the amount of credit granted. This research was conducted on PT.Bank Mandiri, Tbk 2000 - 2012. The results showed that partially Cost of loanable funds affect the amount of credit significantly while partially the interest rate of Bank Indonesia Certificates has no effect on the amount of credit significantly. Meanwhile, simultaneous test results show the Cost of loanable Fund and SBI have a significant effect on the amount of Loans Provided. The advice given to Bank Mandiri is that the bank management must be able to maintain the appropriate Cost of loanable Fund value. This is because based on the results of empirical research in the field of Cost of loanable funds have a strong and strong correlation to the amount of credit provided, in relation to the SBI which is a factor Given and Bank Indonesia policy, Bank Mandiri must be able to follow and make appropriate policies to improve the credit given at the optimum point. Keywords: Cost of loanable Fund, Bank Indonesia Certificates, Total Credit
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Kerfoot, Matthew K., Jay R. Alicandri, and Russel G. Perkins. "The ABCs of fund finance: credit facilities for secondaries funds and funds of funds." Journal of Investment Compliance 18, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-08-2017-0053.

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Purpose To review and analyze the key structural considerations secondaries funds and funds of funds must consider when negotiating credit facilities secured by limited partnership (LP) interests. Design/methodology/approach This article provides an overview of the primary issues that arise with credit facilities secured by LP interests. These issues include the ability to provide a perfected security interest in LP interests, understanding a credit facility’s borrowing base and advance rates, and the potential impact of certain types of events of default. Findings Secondaries funds and funds of funds have raised significant amounts of equity capital in recent years. These funds acquire portfolios of LP interests and are increasingly deploying leverage to amplify the returns of these portfolios and provide these funds with a limited degree of liquidity. The leverage is secured by the LP interests. The credit facilities that the funds are structuring and negotiating present a host of issues unique to this type of fund finance. Provided the facilities are properly structured and negotiated, secondaries funds and funds-of-funds borrowers will be able to use these facilities to help meet investment-return objectives and address important portfolio-management needs. Practical implications Secondaries funds and funds of funds can benefit from leverage secured by their portfolios of LP interests. This article provides a road map for borrowers when structuring and negotiating these credit facilities. Originality/value Practical analysis from a premier corporate law firm on the issues presented by the increasing use of credit facilities by secondaries funds and funds of funds.
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M.Ed, Aprijon. "Perhitungan Pensiun Normal pada Dana Pensiun Menggunakan Projected Unit Credit." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Industri 18, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sitekin.v18i1.11070.

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The development of the business world increases the field and competition of job seekers. Efforts made by employers for the sake of retaining their employees one of them follows pension fund insurance which aims to establish a number of funds so that they can be used after entering retirement age. The method used in this study is the Projected Unit Credit method. Based on the results of this study it was found that the salary and salary increase level of participants in the pension fund while working were very influential in the calculation of pension funds, namely the greater salary and rate of salary increase, the greater the contribution fees that must be paid by participants to the company and also the greater the value of the obligations will be paid by the company to pension fund participants. Keywords: Projected Unit Credit Method, Normal Pension Fund, Salary
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Mascia, Michael C. "Subscription Credit Facilitiesand Fund Finance Strategies." Journal of Structured Finance 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2014.20.1.143.

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Alem, Mauro, and Julio Jorge Elias. "Allocating production risks through credit cum insurance contracts: the design and implementation of a fund for small cotton growers to access market finance." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0116.

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Collateral requirements that lenders place on small cotton producers can lead to risk rationing and to farmers’ dependence on downstream parties. This paper presents a cotton fund that consists of a set of contracts – credit, insurance, warrant and forward – that enables producers to tackle specific agricultural risks and gain access to market finance. These financial contracts proved to be successful at guaranteeing the fund as issuer of state-contingent debt securities in the capital markets. The fund, as an intermediary, lent to cooperatives to help finance small cotton producers in northern Argentina. The paper explains the experimental design of this innovative fund and presents a potential alternative to government intervention by moving away from ex post subsidies for small producers and, instead, facilitating ex ante private credit. The paper contributes to the literature on rural financial intermediation by designing a new mechanism to raise funds coming from relatively uninformed investors and creating collateral substitutes through delegated monitoring to overcome asymmetric information and limited commitment.
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Lanz, Luciano Quinto, and Patricia Amelia Tomei. "Building trust in a guarantee fund in a challenging institutional environment." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v16i3.2550.

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Difficult access to credit is a major obstacle to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) survival, especially in emerging countries, affecting their competitiveness. Lack of guarantees is a main reason why banks do not lend to MSMEs. Guarantee schemes provide partial credit guarantees, but often fail to win trust of banks and enterprises. This study analyzes the process of building trust between the Fundo Garantidor para Investimentos (Investment Guarantee Fund, FGI), created in 2009, and banks in Brazil. This trust was hampered by the failure of public guarantee funds created in the 1990’s. This created a challenging institutional environment to the new fund. The methodology employed was a case study, based on a qualitative approach with document analysis, semi-structured interviews and descriptive statistics. The analysis used models for building and repairing trust in inter-organizational relations and international benchmark for governance and effectiveness of guarantee schemes. The analysis showed that the FGI used other emerging countries and developed countries experience to construct adequate governance and succeeded in establishing trust with the banks. The results show that by 2017, 26 banks contract more than 32,000 operations worth 1.9 billion dollars, with additionalities comparable to the international benchmark.
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Hendrawardhana, Christian, Henrycus Winarto, and Bambang Budiarto. "PERINGKAT KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN GO PUBLIK INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR YANG TERCATAT PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN Z-SCORE ALTMAN MODEL PERIODE 2010-2012." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v18i2.1628.

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Indonesia is a country that includes emerging markets and focused on the manufacturing sector. In the manufacturing sector will require funds on production activities, and these funds can be obtained from the credit. Meanwhile in Indonesia, many credit activity conducted by commercial banks, which is closely linked to the credit of bad credit. Bad credit can occur due to 2 factors, factors debtor or creditor factors. The meaning of this factor is negligence bank creditors in the debtor's credit analysis. But for manufacturing companies go public, they can raise funds in addition to the credit of the fund shares, many people who say that companies going public is a healthy company because it has passed various tests. Seeing this, the researchers would like to examine the statement and credit analysis test using the Z-Score models Atlman on manufacturing companies going public in Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that the Z-Score Atlman models can be used for credit analysis in determining whether or not a company bankrupt.
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Liu, Chao, Xiaofan Zhang, and Yuerong Wang. "Research on Optimal Allocation Strategy of Bank Credit Funds Based on KMV Model and Logit Model." Finance and Market 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/fm.v6i1.3061.

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Using KMV model, normal Copula function, K-means cluster analysis and logit model, this paper constructs the enterprise credit risk assessment model, bank credit fund optimal allocation model, banking risk index system, and synthetically uses software such as MATLAB、SPSS to solve the problem of credit fund distribution strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises, and draws the conclusion that the loan interest rate classification of enterprise credit risk assessment, the weight of bank to credit fund distribution, and the change of bank risk index weight in sudden situation.Finally, the above model provides the strategy for bank credit fund allocation and gives the test and evaluation. The outstanding features of this paper are: using the KMV model and the normal Copula function, combining the enterprise credit rating and default times to establish a linear model to quantify the enterprise credit risk, will not beeasy to calculate the industry violation probability quantitative analysis, also get the bank credit annual interest rate fordifferent industries and levels of enterprises, and through the representative industries of the optimal loan weight calculation, so that the bank decision has the characteristics of the least unit risk. This paper also establishes a banking risk index system with emergency factors, which is of practical significance to make decision analysis of emergency events.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fund credit"

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Li, Ma. "Essays on Mutual Funds and Fund Managers." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19361.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation besteht aus drei Kapiteln über die Investmentfonds. Das erste Kapitel befasst sich mit der Rolle der Fondsmanager in der Bilanzverschönerung. Auf Basis der Analyse der Karrierewege von amerikanischen Fondsmanagern werden signifikante zusammenwirkende Manager-Fixed-Effects identifiziert, die nach der Kontrolle der endogenen Matching-Probleme immer noch robust sind. Die geschätzten Manager-Fixed-Effects haben signifikante Einflüsse auf die Out-of-Sample-Vorhersagen. Außerdem wird festgestellt, dass die Verriegelungen der Investmentfonds, die von gemeinsamen Managern verwaltet wurden, wichtige Kanäle für die Bilanzverschönerung verursachen. Das zweite Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit den Investmentstrategien der Fonds im Hinblick auf die Nutzung von Credit Default Swaps (CDS). Die Zuordnung der CDS-Positionen der Investmentfonds zu ihrem Bestandportfolio bietet eine neue Methodik zur Identifizierung der CDS-Strategien und kompensiert somit die Analysen der existierenden Literatur auf der Makroebene. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Anreize zur Risikoreduzierung die Spekulationsanreize dominieren, insbesondere, wenn die Kreditexposition durch ungedeckte Leerverkäufe der CDS-Verträge erhöht wird. Die erfahrenen Fondsmanager tendieren dazu, mehr Kreditrisiko in Kauf zu nehmen, während es für die Fondsmanagerinnen wahrscheinlicher als für ihre männlichen Kollegen ist, gegen das bestehende Risiko abzusichern. Der letzte Teil nimmt die Pleite von Lehman Brothers unter die Lupe, um sich mit der daraus resultierenden unerwarteten Schließung der CDS-Positionen als einem natürlichen Experiment auseinanderzusetzten. Diese Studie dient zur Untersuchung der Risiko- und Leistungsimplikationen der CDS-Investments der Fonds. Die Investmentfonds besitzen bei ihren CDS-Transaktionen im Durchschnitt einen beachtlichen Teil Extremrisiko. Während die CDS-Nutzer von guten Gesamtmarktlagen profitieren, erleiden sie unter Verlusten bei geclusterten Ausfällen.
This dissertation comprises of three chapters on mutual funds. The first chapter establishes the role of managers in the deceptive practice of window dressing. Employing comprehensive career history of U.S. mutual fund managers, I find strong jointly significant manager fixed effects, which are robust after addressing endogenous matching concerns. The estimated manager fixed effects are significant in making out-of-sample predictions. Further I establish that mutual fund interlocks through common managers are important channels that spread window dressing. The second chapter studies the investment strategies of mutual funds regarding their use of credit default swaps (CDS). Matches between mutual funds’ CDS positions and their underlying portfolio in the holdings facilitate a new approach in identifying CDS strategies that complements the “macro” level analyses in the existing literature. I find risk reducing incentives are dominated by speculative incentives, especially those to increase credit exposure via naked short CDS contracts. Experienced fund managers tend to take on more credit risk, while female managers are more likely to hedge comparing with their male peers. The third chapter employs the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the resulting sudden closures of CDS positions as a natural experiment to examine the risk and performance implications of mutual funds’ CDS investments. Funds on average load up on a significant amount of tail risk by trading CDS. While CDS users benefit when market conditions are favorable, they suffer during periods of clustered defaults.
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Bekker, Francis. "An assessment : defined contribution funds and retirement / by Francis Bekker." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/105.

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Dramatic changes in medical science and a general improvement in living standards has led to significant reduction in the morality rate of certain age groups in South Africa. As a result the average age at which people are likely to die increased significantly in the 2oth century. The implications of this has not only to increase the number of people who survive to retirement age, but it has also seen larger numbers of people live for much longer periods in retirement. Opposite to the above, is the HIVIAids pandemic, which will increase the mortality rates of individuals at a younger age and undoubtedly affect pension plans and the costs thereof. The effect of all these changes have been the ultimate cost of providing a given pension benefit. At first the paper examines the trend in retirement saving away from Defined Benefit (DB) towards Define Contribution (DC) funds. It looks at the reasons why this shift has occurred in South Africa, and provided confirmation of the retirement savings plans away from DB structures and towards DC type of plans in South Africa. Secondly the paper briefly looks at the operation of DC plans in South Africa. The potential consequences of the shift are then reviewed in the context of roleplayers in the retirement savings decision and personal involvement in retirement planning process. Upon completion of the literature study, a model was developed in which data from DC funds were used to make projections regarding the sufficiency and adequacy of funding within DC funds. This study has proved that the shift from DB to DC funds had an enormous impact on provision for retirement. It was found that a significant part of the population will not be independent at retirement and therefore might potentially became a responsibility of the state. The paper suggests that the level of personal involvement in the retirement savings decision may be a critical factor in determining the propensity of an individual to save for retirement. As a result research is proposed to consider the importance of the three elements in the involvement of the individual in the retirement savings decision: the perceived ownership of retirement savings, the awareness of the need to save for retirement and the understanding of how to save for retirement.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Dunne, Peter F. (Peter Francis). "The credit crunch and pension fund investment in home building." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65682.

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Lin, Ming-Tsung. "Three studies in hedge funds and credit default swaps." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/three-studies-in-hedge-funds-and-credit-default-swaps(b85f19e8-7fb5-4256-b4c6-276af18264a3).html.

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This thesis consists of one hedge fund study and two credit default swap (CDS) studies. The first study investigates the relationship between mega hedge funds (the largest 25% of funds) and two bond yields (U.S. Treasury yield and Baa yield). Using a merged sample of 9,725 hedge funds from 1994 to 2012, I find that hedge fund outflow produced a more significant relationship than inflow, and the dollar outflow of large hedge funds can predict the increase in the bond yields. The association is also more pronounced for large funds with a short notice period prior to redemption. The results suggest that hedge fund flows provide predictive information for the movement of bond yields. The second study investigates the systematic and firm-specific credit and liquidity risks of CDS spreads. Using data on CDS spreads of 356 U.S. firms from 2002 to 2011, I find that systematic credit and liquidity risks are important in cross-sectional prediction of CDS spreads. In addition, the importance of systematic liquidity risk becomes substantial since the financial crisis in 2007. This finding challenges the current Basel III procedures for counterparty credit risk regulations, in which only pure default should be used. In addition, the systematic credit and liquidity factors can be used as a proxy for CDS spreads of firms that do not have traded CDSs. The last study extends Carr and Wu (2010), in which deep out-of-the-money (DOOM) put options and CDSs are associated as they both provide credit insurance for credit protection buyers. Using the Nelson-Siegel (1987) model, I obtain the credit and illiquidity components for DOOMs and CDSs over the period from May 2002 to May 2012. I show that, after controlling the factors that explain the difference between the DOOM and CDS markets, the components converge over time in these two markets. Thus, I can exploit the observed convergence pattern by constructing a simple trading strategy, and this benchmark strategy produces a positive return. I further construct two other strategies based on the component information, and these two refined strategies outperform the benchmark strategy by the Sharpe ratio and Carhart alpha. My three studies contribute to the literature in hedge fund systemic risk and CDS credit and liquidity risks.
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Ilerisoy, Mahmut. "Hedging out the mark-to market volatility for structured credit portfolios." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/381.

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Credit derivatives are among the most criticized financial instruments in the current credit crises. Given their short history, finance professionals are still researching to discover effective ways to reduce the mark-to-market (MTM) volatility in credit derivatives, especially in turbulent market conditions. Many credit portfolios have been struggling to find out appropriate tools and techniques to help them navigate the current credit crises and hedge mark-to-market volatility in their portfolios. In this study we provide a tool kit to help reduce the pricing fluctuations in structured credit portfolios utilizing data analysis and statistical methods. In Chapter One we provide a snapshot of credit derivatives market by summarizing different types of credit derivatives; including single-name credit default swaps (CDS), market credit indices, bespoke portfolios, market index tranches, and bespoke tranches (synthetic CDOs). In Chapter Two we illustrate a method to calculate a stable hedge ratio (beta) by combining industry practices and statistical techniques. Choosing an appropriate hedge ratio is critical for funds that desire to hedge mark-to-market volatility. Many credit portfolios suffered 40%-80% market value losses in 2008 and 2009 due to the mark-to-market volatility in their long positions. In this chapter we introduce ten different betas in order to hedge a long bespoke portfolio by liquid market indices. We measure the effectives of these betas by two measures: Stability and mark-to-market volatility reduction. Among all betas we present, we deduct that the following betas are appropriate to be used as hedge ratios: Implied Beta, Quarterly Regression Beta on Spread Levels, Yearly Regression Betas on Spread Levels, Up Beta, and Down Beta. In Chapter Three we analyze the risk factors that impact the MTM volatility in CDS tranches; namely Spread Risk, Correlation Risk, Dispersion Risk, and Curve Risk. We focus our analysis in explaining the risks in the equity tranche as this is the riskiest tranche in the capital structure. We show that all four risks introduced are critical in explaining MTM volatility in equity tranches. We also perform multiple regression analysis to show the correlations between different risk factors. We show that, when combined, spread, correlation, and dispersion risks are the most important risk factors in analyzing MTM fluctuations in equity tranche. Curve risk can be used as an add-on risk to further explain local instances. After understanding various risk factors that impact the MTM changes in equity tranche, we put this knowledge to work to analyze two instances in 2008 in which we experienced significant spread widening in equity tranche. Both examples show that a good understanding of the risks that drive MTM changes in CDS tranches is critical in making informed trading decisions. In Chapter Four we focus on two topics: Portfolio Stratification and Index Selection. While portfolio stratification helps us better understand the composition of a portfolio, index selection shows us which indices are more suitable in hedging long bespoke positions. In stratifying a portfolio we define Class-A as the widest credits, Class-B as the middle tier, and Class-C as the tightest credits in a credit portfolio. By portfolio stratification we show that Class-A has significant impact on the overall portfolio. We use five different risk measures to analyze different properties of the three classes we introduce. The risk measures are Sum of Spreads (SOS), Sigma/Mu, Basis Point Volatility (BPVOL), Skewness, and Kurtosis. For all risk measures we show that there is high correlation between Class-A and the whole portfolio. We also show that it is critical to monitor the risks in Class-A to better understand the spread moves in the overall portfolio. In the second part of Chapter Four, we perform analysis to find out which credit index should be used in hedging a long bespoke portfolio. We compare four credit indices for their ability to track the bespoke portfolio on spread levels and on spread changes. Analysis show that CDX.HY and CDX IG indices fits the best to hedge our sample bespoke portfolio in terms of spread levels and spread changes, respectively. Finally, we perform multiple regression analysis using backward selection, forward selection, and stepwise regression methods to find out if we should use multiple indices in our hedging practices. Multiple regression analysis show that CDX.HY and CDX.IG are the best candidates to hedge the sample bespoke portfolio we introduced.
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Castro, Esther E. "An Applied Credit Scoring Model and Christian Mutual Funds Performance." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2061.

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This dissertation comprises two different financial essays. Essay 1, “An Applied Credit Score Model,” uses data from local credit union to predict the probability of default. Due to recent financial crisis regulation has been enacted that makes it essential to develop a probability of default model that will mitigate charge-off losses. Using discriminant analysis and logistic regression this paper will attempt to see how well credit score can predict probability of default. While credit score does an adequate job at classifying loans, misclassification of loans can be costly. Thus while credit score is a predictor, there is danger in relying solely on its information. Thus other variables are needed in order to more accurately be able to find the probability of default. Essay 2, “Christian Mutual Fund Performance,” draws attention to a much ignored type of funds, Christian mutual funds. The following questions are asked: How does Christian mutual fund perform compared to the market? Is there a difference in performance during recessions as indicated by literature? Is Christian mutual fund performance different than SRI funds? How do Catholic and Protestant fund perform? Looking at qualitative evidence, Christian mutual funds place much more importance on moral issue than SRI funds. Thus there is a clear difference in objectives and the type of screening that these two mutual fund pursue. Overall data reflects that screened data perform worse than the market, however during recession screened funds perform as well and at times better than the market. Christian mutual funds tends to perform worse than SRI funds.
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Brown, Karen Leigh. "Credit, self-employment, and poverty alleviation : a study of the Good Faith Fund in rural Arkansas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64849.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1990.
Title as it appears in the M.I.T. Graduate List, June 1990: Credit as a means for self-employment and poverty alleviation in rural Arkansas.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96).
by Karen Leigh Brown.
M.C.P.
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Grizzle, Linda S. "Three Pension Cost Methods under Varying Assumptions." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd850.pdf.

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Dube, Andile Precious. "A study of group lending in Swaziland : a case of Imbita Swaziland Women's Financial Trust fund." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95611.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
The provision of finance to the poor through group lending has evolved enormously over the years following the successful implementation by the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh and the BancoSol in Bolivia. Various microfinance institutions in Swaziland also adopted this model and achieved varying results. Imbita Swaziland Women’s Finance Trust Fund is the only microfinance institution that has continuously embraced this model whilst others closed down or migrated to individual lending. This paper uses Imbita as the focal organisation for the study in order to understand the adoption of group lending in Swaziland. The core objectives of the paper were to evaluate Imbita’s experience in applying this model, understanding the characteristics of the groups they lend to and how the groups manage loan repayment. Data collected from the groups suggests that Imbita has relatively succeeded in applying group lending as evidenced by the high performance of group loans compared to individual loans. This success is attributed to close monitoring of the groups and peer selection at the group formation stage. The success is coupled with a few challenges which include inaccessibility of groups, capital limitations within the organisation and non repayment of loans. A majority of the groups comprised family members, aged between 26-45 years and are involved in informal business activities. The high presence of family members in the groups negatively affects the repayment performance of a group. Groups that had known each other for a longer period (11 years and above) prior to group formation perform better in loan repayment compared to those who have known each other for a shorter period (6-10 years). Groups still struggle with ensuring repayment of loans on time by members hence they always apply pressure on members to repay. However they still maintain the joint liability obligation by paying loans on behalf of members who need help in paying their loans. However, some groups have faced dissolution and were reformed as a result of non-payment. The application of group lending still requires design and implementation improvements. Some of the design improvements include ensuring homogeneity within the groups, reducing the sizes of groups, aligning repayment periods with the nature of each particular business and collecting sufficient information on borrowers. The high presence of family members within groups needs to be discouraged to improve loan repayment performance.
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Wani, Mary Apayi Ayiga. "Leadership and accountability in managing the Constituency Development Fund (CDF): a case study of Yei River County, Central Equatoria State, Juba." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007150.

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This study is based on Leadership & Accountability in managing the Constituency Development Fund (CDF), the case of Yei River County (YRC) of Central Equatoria State, Republic of South Sudan (RSS). CDF is one of the initiatives of the government of South Sudan created by a legislation of Parliament to compliment development of the community needs as they expect more from the government of the day. The CDF Act 2007 which was passed by the parliament stipulated structures that govern the operation of the fund in terms of management, leadership and accountability to enhance effective and efficient provision of services to the people. The CDF Act provided that fund allocated to the MPs is to address the challenges that face the communities such as construction of schools, health facilities, water, roads and government facilities but not for personal interest or individual use. The problem that motivated the researcher to explore the performance of the CDF was inadequate service to the community although the government has allocated funds to each constituency channeled through the members of parliament to improve the socio-economic status of the community. The research looked at how the CDF roles, functions, and procedure were applied in the utilization of the funds to ensure efficiency. It analysed and evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of management of CDF to promote service delivery in the constituencies of Yei, Ottogo, Tore and Mugwo Payams. The study investigated the following questions: How is the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) been managed and utilized by the Members of Parliament (MPs) to promote development in their constituencies? To what extent is the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) used in accordance with the provisions of the CDF Act (2007)? To what extent does the CDF achieve its objective in promoting development to meet the aspirations of the people within the constituencies? And, what is the nature of the relationship between the MPs, the community and the County Local Authority in relation to the CDF? The study also examined the linkage between the various committees formed by the CDF Act 2007 to guide the implementation of the fund as well as the projects at grass-root levels in regards to monitoring and evaluation process. The study used both descriptive and explanatory techniques to guide the researcher in gathering information required on the best of CDF practice in Yei River County which were carried out using interviews, focus group discussion and observation. Twenty (20) respondents comprising of head of departments, women, youth, MPs of both parliaments - the National and the State, chiefs, councilors, CDF committees from the four constituencies mentioned above were interviewed about the use of the CDF. The study reveals that there are no clear linkages between the various committees formed by the CDF Act 2007 to guide the implementation of the fund as well as the projects at the grass-root level in regards to monitoring and evaluation process. In addition to this, less participation of the community in identification, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the CDF community projects was one of the contributing factors that affected the effectiveness and efficiency of the result. Although creation of CDF has effect in some of the areas of the county, it requires more improvement in the implementation process to increase development in other areas. Based on these findings, the study argues that for the best of the CDF utilization, leadership and accountability which are components of the Public Administration Discipline that enhances efficiency in the public institutions need to be put into practice. Hence, rigorous application of the CDF rules, regulations and procedures is paramount in managing the utilization of the fund allocated for the purpose of development.
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Books on the topic "Fund credit"

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Peter B.kPeter Bain Kenen. The use of IMF credit. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University, International Finance Section, 1986.

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Kenen, Peter B. The use of IMF credit. Princeton, N.J: International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University, 1989.

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Kenen, Peter B. The use of IMF credit. Princeton (N.J.): Princeton University, Department of Economics, International Finance Section, 1989.

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Kenen, Peter B. The use of IMF credit. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University, International Finance Section, 1989.

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Pannabecker, James H. Electronic fund transfers for credit unions: Regulatory compliance. Austin, Tex: Thomson Financial, 2002.

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Felushko, Ryan. The International Monetary Fund's balance-sheet and credit risk. [Ottawa]: Bank of Canada, 2006.

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Edigheji, Omano. No credit due: The World Bank and IMF in Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue, 2008.

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Kunle, Amuwo, ed. No credit due: The World Bank and IMF in Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue, 2008.

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Edigheji, Omano. No credit due: The World Bank and IMF in Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue, 2008.

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Whyley, Claire. Saving and borrowing: Use of the Social Fund Budgeting Loan Scheme and community credit unions. Leeds: Corporate Document Services, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fund credit"

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Crespi, Fabrizio. "Using Open-End Mutual Fund Resources to Finance SMEs: The Potential Market Share of ELTIFs." In Access to Bank Credit and SME Financing, 287–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41363-1_11.

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Chen, Xudong, and Yong Zeng. "The Credit Competition Between Local and Foreign Bank With Limited Fund." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 779–90. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4600-1_67.

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Lee, Jong-goo, Sunyoung Hong, Taehyun Lee, and Wooinn Park. "The Korea credit guarantee fund and its contribution to the economy." In Unlocking SME Finance in Asia, 269–90. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in development economics: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429401060-12.

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Wild, Robert, Moses Egaru, Mark Ellis-Jones, Barbara Nakangu Bugembe, Ahmed Mohamed, Obadiah Ngigi, Gertrude Ogwok, Jules Roberts, and Sophie Kutegeka. "Using Inclusive Finance to Significantly Scale Climate Change Adaptation." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_127-1.

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AbstractReversing land degradation and achieving ecosystem restoration and management are routes to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The financial resources to achieve this are increasingly available. A major challenge is the absence of scalable mechanisms that can incentivize rapid change for rural communities at the decade-long time scale needed to respond to the climate emergency. Despite moves toward inclusive green finance (IGF), a major structural gap remains between the funding available and the unbankable small-scale producers who are stewards of ecosystems. This paper reports on inclusive finance that can help fill this gap and incentivizes improved ecosystem stewardship, productivity, and wealth creation. A key feature is the concept of eco-credit to build ecosystem management and restorative behaviors into loan terms. Eco-credit provides an approach for overcoming income inequality within communities to enhance the community-level ecosystem governance and stewardship. The paper discusses the experience of implementing the Community Environment Conservation Fund (CECF) over a 8-year-period from 2012. The CECF addresses the unbankable 80% of community members who cannot access commercial loans, has c. 20,000 users in Uganda and pilots in Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model is contextualized alongside complementary mechanisms that can also incentivize improved ecosystem governance as well as engage and align communities, government, development partners, and the private sector. This complementary infrastructure includes commercial eco-credit as exemplified by the Climate Smart Lending Platform, and the community finance of the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) model upon which CECF builds. The paper describes the technologies and climate finance necessary for significant scale-up.
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Wild, Robert, Moses Egaru, Mark Ellis-Jones, Barbara Nakangu Bugembe, Ahmed Mohamed, Obadiah Ngigi, Gertrude Ogwok, Jules Roberts, and Sophie Kutegeka. "Using Inclusive Finance to Significantly Scale Climate Change Adaptation." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2565–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_127.

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AbstractReversing land degradation and achieving ecosystem restoration and management are routes to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The financial resources to achieve this are increasingly available. A major challenge is the absence of scalable mechanisms that can incentivize rapid change for rural communities at the decade-long time scale needed to respond to the climate emergency. Despite moves toward inclusive green finance (IGF), a major structural gap remains between the funding available and the unbankable small-scale producers who are stewards of ecosystems. This chapter reports on inclusive finance that can help fill this gap and incentivizes improved ecosystem stewardship, productivity, and wealth creation. A key feature is the concept of eco-credit to build ecosystem management and restorative behaviors into loan terms. Eco-credit provides an approach for overcoming income inequality within communities to enhance the community-level ecosystem governance and stewardship. The paper discusses the experience of implementing the Community Environment Conservation Fund (CECF) over a 8-year-period from 2012. The CECF addresses the unbankable 80% of community members who cannot access commercial loans, has c. 20,000 users in Uganda and pilots in Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model is contextualized alongside complementary mechanisms that can also incentivize improved ecosystem governance as well as engage and align communities, government, development partners, and the private sector. This complementary infrastructure includes commercial eco-credit as exemplified by the Climate Smart Lending Platform, and the community finance of the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) model upon which CECF builds. The paper describes the technologies and climate finance necessary for significant scale-up.
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Klein, Christoph. "Risk Management for Multistrategy Funds." In Credit Derivative Strategies, 115–21. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119204220.ch6.

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Pepper, Gordon. "Sectoral Flow of Funds." In Money, Credit and Asset Prices, 108–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375932_10.

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Pepper, Gordon. "Institutional Flow of Funds." In Money, Credit and Asset Prices, 29–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375932_4.

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Horwitz, Richard, and Erin Roye Simpson. "Integrating Credit Hedge Funds into a Portfolio of Investments." In Credit Derivative Strategies, 65–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119204220.ch4.

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Pepper, Gordon. "’Flows of Funds’ versus ‘Real Factors’." In Money, Credit and Asset Prices, 7–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375932_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fund credit"

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Pang, Sulin. "Farmer's Credit Decision Model based on Risk Guarantee Fund." In 2012 Fifth International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering (BIFE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bife.2012.59.

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Zhujing, Fang, and Chai Zhidong. "Research About the Efficiency of Rural Credit Cooperative Fund Allocation in Zhejiang Province." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.527.

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Fynchina, Khicheza. "Household Savings as a Source of Investment in the Reproductive Process of Kyrgyz Republic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00565.

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The issue of ineffective usage of household is investigated, considering the lack of financial resources for the development of internal production in Kyrgyz Republic. The dynamic of households in the country is shown. Also the substantiation of author’s definition of investigated category is provided. In order to understand the essence of issue, there is a grouping of households in a form of scheme is shown. The research of grouping signs allowed basing the allotment of investment funds. Savings play a dual role in the reproduction process of the country. On the one hand, as the withdrawal of funds from the stream of income, savings cause lack in consumption; constraining supply growth, that is an expansion of production. On the other hand, if the savings are mobilized by the financial and credit system, and sent into the real economic sector, for an increase of the accumulation fund and expanding of production, they are favorable to economic growth and increase in GDP. Clearly shows the correlation between GDP growth and the dynamics of household savings to Kyrgyz Republic. Materials for this research were literary sources and statistical data. Solving an issue of under-investment is possible due to household savings, which occupy a special place in a number of economic phenomena, because they are at the crossroads of the interests of citizens, organizations, specializing in financial services, and the state. Their involvement depends primarily on the activity of the institutions, accumulating these savings.
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"The Impact of Contribution in Aid of Construction on Utility Dilapidated Infrastructure: Evidence from the State of Florida [Abstract]." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4371.

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Aim/Purpose: The study examines the current credit treatment of Contribution in Aid of Construction (CIAC) on investor own utilities (IOU) and its impacts on the current state of utility infrastructure in the state of Florida Background: The Congressional Budget Office describes a synergist contributing to the present aged utility infrastructure is the cost of replacement within the water industry. The state of Florida treats Contribution in Aid of Construction (CIAC) as a liability with a credit expense balance. The ratemaking process does not include CIAC Methodology: The study used the latent change/growth structural equation model with an observed sample of 80 selected utilities. The selected utilities generated 700 observations from the financial statements. We identified and build ratios from the NRRI and Acheampong et al. utility viability model and used VIF to address multicollinearity issues and linked test to specify the inclusion of the ratios. Ten ratios were used as the explanatory variables to current total assets of IOUs. Contribution: The results may urge regulators to consider the current treatment of CIAC. Findings: The study suggests a debit treatment of the CIAC amortization expenses and the recovered amount kept in a reserved account to replace the utility infra-structure, a trend analysis comparing the credit treatment and the debit treat-ment to determine the impact of CIAC on the current credit treatment. Recommendations for Practitioners: The study complements the work completed by the study committee form by Florida House Bill No. 1389-2012, one of the findings for the committee was to establish a reserve fund for IOUs. However, they did not identify how to fund the reserve account to use to replace aged infrastructure. The results of the will enhance both practitioners and regulators understanding of the need to either maintain the current treatment of CIAC or make a policy change for CIAC to be treated with a debit balance. Both Regulators and practitioners will connect the relationship between CIAC and the total assets of utilities and find alternative means to enhance or improve the aged infrastructure within the water and wastewater industry. Recommendation for Researchers: AICPA in 2017 attempted to research into the treatment of CIAC among power and utility entities but focused on revenue recognition (FASB 606), and concluded FASB pronouncement does not address the treatment of CAIC; the study will be the first in-depth inquiry into the recognition of the of CIAC on improving the total assets of water and wastewater utilities. The study will further generate academic discussion on the inconsistent application by various states across the US on the applicability of CIAC. Should regulators or the NRRI pursue a debit or credit treatment consistently across the US and should FASB enact a pronouncement enhancing the principle-based of the method of CIAC Future Research: The study focused on the alternative treatment of CIAC and its relationship with improving total assets of aged infrastructure among water and wastewater utility. The Regulation of the water and wastewater utilities are state-specific, and the various commissions differ in several policies for the industry. The treatment of CIAC as a debit balance study is an opening-door for further research into the donated capital treatment among the various states. We recommend a study comparing states treating CIAC as a debit balance to states treating it as a credit balance and its impact on utility viability and also plant asset improvement
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Darmawan, Akhmad. "Influence of Loan Interest Rate, Non-Performing Loan, Third Party Fund and Inflation Rate towards Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Credit Lending Distribution at Commercial Banks in Indonesia." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amca-18.2018.84.

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"CREDIT TRANSACTIONS SECURED BY GUARANTEE FUNDS." In Current Issue of Law in the Banking Sphere. Samara State Economic University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/banking.forum-10.2019-329/334.

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Yang, Ling. "Study of Who Supplies Funds for Trade Credit." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Business, Economics, Management Science (BEMS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bems-19.2019.51.

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Yanxi Li, Haojie Huang, and Ri Gao. "Study on allocative efficiency of real estate credit funds based on super efficiency DEA." In 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2010.5656319.

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Liu, Haoming, and Neng Jiang. "Study on the Standard Mechanism for the Use of Funds by Credit Village Borrowers." In Fifth Symposium of Risk Analysis and Risk Management in Western China (WRARM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/wrarm-17.2017.29.

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Artekin, Ayşe Özge, and Haldun Soydal. "Asset Management Companies and the Place in the Turkish Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02304.

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With the crisis that started in our country in 2000s, those who owe the bank could not complete their payment obligations, the collection process was damaged and thus the number of problematic loans increased. However, as a result of structural deterioration, bank mergers were experienced, banks' capital was strengthened and many of them were seized by TMSF. This situation has created a distrust of the banking system. In order to change the negative perception, problematic loans which prevent the flow of funds should be solved. At this stage, Asset Management Company has become a need and started to operate in the financial markets of our country. The Asset Management Companies were established in the 1930s to solve the financial problems arising from the global economic crisis. Nowadays, these companies are formed according to the needs and shortcomings and become legal institutions which are effective in eliminating the negative effects of problem loans on banks. In this study; the effects of problem loans, solutions, the process of emergence of companies in the world and in our country, its importance, aims, types, positive and negative aspects of banks and credit customers are examined. As a method of the study, domestic and foreign literature has been utilized and as a result of the study, it has been concluded that this problem has a positive effect on credit customers and banking system upon the transfer of problem loans to asset management companies.
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Reports on the topic "Fund credit"

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Mendelsohn, Michael, Marley Urdanick, and John Joshi. Credit Enhancements and Capital Markets to Fund Solar Deployment: Leveraging Public Funds to Open Private Sector Investment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172934.

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Gyourko, Joseph, and Joseph Tracy. Unemloyment and Unobserved Credit Risk in the FHA Single Family Mortgage Insurance Fund. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18880.

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Katz, Sabrina, Miguel Algarin, and Emanuel Hernandez. Structuring for Exit: New Approaches for Private Capital in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003074.

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Structured financing solutions encompass a range of investment approaches that provide liquidity to investors without the need for a traditional equity exit event, such as a strategic sale, sale to another financial investor, or public market listing. Structuring mechanisms across the debt-to-equity spectrum determine the exit terms of the deal, therefore providing considerable downside protection to investors. Structured financing solutions are an incipient but increasingly important set of tools for investors active in Latin America to address the financing gap for companies that lack access to bank financing and are not attractive targets for traditional PE and VC players. Many investors employing these strategies are in an experimental phase, reporting new lessons learned with each deal completed. Impact investors have been among the top drivers of these structuring innovations, as they have grappled with the additional limitations associated with the straight equity model for environmental or social enterprises. However, the use of structured financing is by no means restricted to the impact investing space. Fund managers have invested USD4b in private credit deals in Latin America since 2018, more than the previous ten years combined. PE and VC investors have also increasingly employed quasi-equity and debt instruments. ACON Investments, for example, has employed mezzanine structures in several deals from its latest funds. Brazil-focused venture capital firm SP Ventures has recently begun investing from its debut venture debt fund. Growing experimentation by fund managers demonstrates the opportunity for investors across ticket sizes, strategies, and the impact-to-commercial spectrum. The structures discussed and the case studies highlighted in this report contain some of the major lessons applicable to a wide group of private capital investors in Latin America targeting certain and timely exits with consistent returns.
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Fabiani, Andrea, Martha López, José-Luis Peydró, Paul E. Soto, and Margaret Guerrero. Capital Controls, Domestic Macroprudential Policy and the Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy. Banco de la República, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1162.

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We study how capital controls and domestic macroprudential policy tame credit supply booms, respectively targeting foreign and domestic bank debt. For identification, we exploit the simultaneous introduction of capital controls on foreign exchange (FX) debt inflows and an increase of reserve requirements on domestic bank deposits in Colombia during a strong credit boom, as well as credit registry and bank balance sheet data. Our results suggest that first, an increase in the local monetary policy rate, raising the interest rate spread with the United States, allows more FX-indebted banks to carry trade cheap FX funds with more expensive peso lending, especially toward riskier, opaque firms. Capital controls tax FX debt and break the carry trade. Second, the increase in reserve requirements on domestic deposits directly reduces credit supply, and more so for riskier, opaque firms, rather than enhances the transmission of monetary rates on credit supply. Importantly, different banks finance credit in the boom with either domestic or foreign (FX) financing. Hence, capital controls and domestic macroprudential policy complementarily mitigate the boom and the associated risk-taking through two distinct channels
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Research Department - Central Bank - General - Miscellaneous Committees - Administrative Committee - Rural Credit Development Fund - Memoranda & Correspondence - File 1 - 1950 - 1951. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/16780.

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Rural Credits Development Fund - Kilakila Builders' Native Society Ltd., Territory of Papua New Guinea, May 1955. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-001889.

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Rural Credits Development Fund - Central District Native Societies' Assoc. Ltd., Territory of Papua New Guinea, May 1955. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-001890.

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Research Department - Central Bank - General - Miscellaneous Committees - Inspection of Projects - Rural Credits Department Fund - File 5 - 1947 - 1953. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/16795.

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Research Department - Banking Section - Credit Policy - Quantitative - General - Overseas Funds of Banks - Jan 1952 - Dec 1958. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/14751.

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Research Department - Central Bank - General - Miscellaneous Committees - Inspection of Projects - Rural Credits Department Fund - File 3 - Victoria - c. 1956. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/16792.

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