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1
Uppily, Ramabadran, and M. S. Ramaratnam. "Managing Mutual Fund Portfolio—the Franklin Templeton Credit Risk Fund Debacle." FIIB Business Review 9, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319714520959526.
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Franklin Templeton started its Indian operations in the year 1996. On 24th April 2020 it made an announcement that it would be winding up Franklin India Credit Risk Fund and five other funds. This case is about the debacle of Franklin India Credit Risk Fund. Liquidity crisis in the debt market due to various events that happened in 2019, exposure towards debt instruments that turned risky (such as Yes Bank and Vodafone), reduction of inflows, redemption pressure, debt market becoming illiquid due to COVID-19 pandemic, were cited as some of the reasons for winding up of Franklin India Credit Risk Fund. The important thing to note is that when other credit risk funds have not taken the decision of winding up, why Franklin India Credit Risk Fund took this call? This case presents an opportunity to the students to analyse the factors that have contributed to the debacle and whether the decision taken is correct?
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Chiu, Hsin-Hui, and Lu Zhu. "Can mutual fund flows serve as market risk sentiment?" Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-08-2016-0103.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the information content of mutual fund flows and its indication on investors’ preference/tolerance toward risk. Design/methodology/approach Mutual funds are grouped into different categories based on assets with different levels of risk perceptions (e.g. equity fund, money market fund), and this information is publicly accessible. This paper examines the correlation patterns between fund flows and changes in credit default swaps (CDS) spreads. In addition, it also examines such a relation by dividing the samples into different fund types (e.g. retail vs institutional fund flows). Findings This paper suggests that equity fund flows are negatively related to CDS spreads, whereas money market fund flows are positively related to CDS spreads. Furthermore, it indicates that retail fund flows provide insightful information and serve as the primary driver behind the relation between fund flows and CDS spreads. Originality/value The findings of this paper indicate that flows into equity and money market funds could serve as a risk sentiment in credit markets. And this is the first study, to the best of the author’s knowledge, to establish such a linkage between fund flows and CDS spreads to help investors gauge credit market sentiment.
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Erisandi, Erisandi. "PENGARUH COST OF LOANABLE FUND (COLF) DAN TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA SERTIFIKAT BANK INDONESIA (SBI) TERHADAP JUMLAH KREDIT YANG DIBERIKAN." Jurnal Perspective Business 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jpb.v1i2.22.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of the Cost of Loanable Fund (COLF) and the interest rate of Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI) on the amount of credit granted. This research was conducted on PT.Bank Mandiri, Tbk 2000 - 2012. The results showed that partially Cost of loanable funds affect the amount of credit significantly while partially the interest rate of Bank Indonesia Certificates has no effect on the amount of credit significantly. Meanwhile, simultaneous test results show the Cost of loanable Fund and SBI have a significant effect on the amount of Loans Provided. The advice given to Bank Mandiri is that the bank management must be able to maintain the appropriate Cost of loanable Fund value. This is because based on the results of empirical research in the field of Cost of loanable funds have a strong and strong correlation to the amount of credit provided, in relation to the SBI which is a factor Given and Bank Indonesia policy, Bank Mandiri must be able to follow and make appropriate policies to improve the credit given at the optimum point. Keywords: Cost of loanable Fund, Bank Indonesia Certificates, Total Credit
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Kerfoot, Matthew K., Jay R. Alicandri, and Russel G. Perkins. "The ABCs of fund finance: credit facilities for secondaries funds and funds of funds." Journal of Investment Compliance 18, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-08-2017-0053.
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Purpose To review and analyze the key structural considerations secondaries funds and funds of funds must consider when negotiating credit facilities secured by limited partnership (LP) interests. Design/methodology/approach This article provides an overview of the primary issues that arise with credit facilities secured by LP interests. These issues include the ability to provide a perfected security interest in LP interests, understanding a credit facility’s borrowing base and advance rates, and the potential impact of certain types of events of default. Findings Secondaries funds and funds of funds have raised significant amounts of equity capital in recent years. These funds acquire portfolios of LP interests and are increasingly deploying leverage to amplify the returns of these portfolios and provide these funds with a limited degree of liquidity. The leverage is secured by the LP interests. The credit facilities that the funds are structuring and negotiating present a host of issues unique to this type of fund finance. Provided the facilities are properly structured and negotiated, secondaries funds and funds-of-funds borrowers will be able to use these facilities to help meet investment-return objectives and address important portfolio-management needs. Practical implications Secondaries funds and funds of funds can benefit from leverage secured by their portfolios of LP interests. This article provides a road map for borrowers when structuring and negotiating these credit facilities. Originality/value Practical analysis from a premier corporate law firm on the issues presented by the increasing use of credit facilities by secondaries funds and funds of funds.
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M.Ed, Aprijon. "Perhitungan Pensiun Normal pada Dana Pensiun Menggunakan Projected Unit Credit." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Industri 18, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sitekin.v18i1.11070.
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The development of the business world increases the field and competition of job seekers. Efforts made by employers for the sake of retaining their employees one of them follows pension fund insurance which aims to establish a number of funds so that they can be used after entering retirement age. The method used in this study is the Projected Unit Credit method. Based on the results of this study it was found that the salary and salary increase level of participants in the pension fund while working were very influential in the calculation of pension funds, namely the greater salary and rate of salary increase, the greater the contribution fees that must be paid by participants to the company and also the greater the value of the obligations will be paid by the company to pension fund participants. Keywords: Projected Unit Credit Method, Normal Pension Fund, Salary
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Mascia, Michael C. "Subscription Credit Facilitiesand Fund Finance Strategies." Journal of Structured Finance 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2014.20.1.143.
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Alem, Mauro, and Julio Jorge Elias. "Allocating production risks through credit cum insurance contracts: the design and implementation of a fund for small cotton growers to access market finance." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0116.
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Collateral requirements that lenders place on small cotton producers can lead to risk rationing and to farmers’ dependence on downstream parties. This paper presents a cotton fund that consists of a set of contracts – credit, insurance, warrant and forward – that enables producers to tackle specific agricultural risks and gain access to market finance. These financial contracts proved to be successful at guaranteeing the fund as issuer of state-contingent debt securities in the capital markets. The fund, as an intermediary, lent to cooperatives to help finance small cotton producers in northern Argentina. The paper explains the experimental design of this innovative fund and presents a potential alternative to government intervention by moving away from ex post subsidies for small producers and, instead, facilitating ex ante private credit. The paper contributes to the literature on rural financial intermediation by designing a new mechanism to raise funds coming from relatively uninformed investors and creating collateral substitutes through delegated monitoring to overcome asymmetric information and limited commitment.
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Lanz, Luciano Quinto, and Patricia Amelia Tomei. "Building trust in a guarantee fund in a challenging institutional environment." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v16i3.2550.
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Difficult access to credit is a major obstacle to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) survival, especially in emerging countries, affecting their competitiveness. Lack of guarantees is a main reason why banks do not lend to MSMEs. Guarantee schemes provide partial credit guarantees, but often fail to win trust of banks and enterprises. This study analyzes the process of building trust between the Fundo Garantidor para Investimentos (Investment Guarantee Fund, FGI), created in 2009, and banks in Brazil. This trust was hampered by the failure of public guarantee funds created in the 1990’s. This created a challenging institutional environment to the new fund. The methodology employed was a case study, based on a qualitative approach with document analysis, semi-structured interviews and descriptive statistics. The analysis used models for building and repairing trust in inter-organizational relations and international benchmark for governance and effectiveness of guarantee schemes. The analysis showed that the FGI used other emerging countries and developed countries experience to construct adequate governance and succeeded in establishing trust with the banks. The results show that by 2017, 26 banks contract more than 32,000 operations worth 1.9 billion dollars, with additionalities comparable to the international benchmark.
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Hendrawardhana, Christian, Henrycus Winarto, and Bambang Budiarto. "PERINGKAT KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN GO PUBLIK INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR YANG TERCATAT PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN Z-SCORE ALTMAN MODEL PERIODE 2010-2012." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v18i2.1628.
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Indonesia is a country that includes emerging markets and focused on the manufacturing sector. In the manufacturing sector will require funds on production activities, and these funds can be obtained from the credit. Meanwhile in Indonesia, many credit activity conducted by commercial banks, which is closely linked to the credit of bad credit. Bad credit can occur due to 2 factors, factors debtor or creditor factors. The meaning of this factor is negligence bank creditors in the debtor's credit analysis. But for manufacturing companies go public, they can raise funds in addition to the credit of the fund shares, many people who say that companies going public is a healthy company because it has passed various tests. Seeing this, the researchers would like to examine the statement and credit analysis test using the Z-Score models Atlman on manufacturing companies going public in Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that the Z-Score Atlman models can be used for credit analysis in determining whether or not a company bankrupt.
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Liu, Chao, Xiaofan Zhang, and Yuerong Wang. "Research on Optimal Allocation Strategy of Bank Credit Funds Based on KMV Model and Logit Model." Finance and Market 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/fm.v6i1.3061.
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Using KMV model, normal Copula function, K-means cluster analysis and logit model, this paper constructs the enterprise credit risk assessment model, bank credit fund optimal allocation model, banking risk index system, and synthetically uses software such as MATLAB、SPSS to solve the problem of credit fund distribution strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises, and draws the conclusion that the loan interest rate classification of enterprise credit risk assessment, the weight of bank to credit fund distribution, and the change of bank risk index weight in sudden situation.Finally, the above model provides the strategy for bank credit fund allocation and gives the test and evaluation.
The outstanding features of this paper are: using the KMV model and the normal Copula function, combining the enterprise credit rating and default times to establish a linear model to quantify the enterprise credit risk, will not beeasy to calculate the industry violation probability quantitative analysis, also get the bank credit annual interest rate fordifferent industries and levels of enterprises, and through the representative industries of the optimal loan weight calculation, so that the bank decision has the characteristics of the least unit risk. This paper also establishes a banking risk index system with emergency factors, which is of practical significance to make decision analysis of emergency events.
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Devita, Andri. "DETERMINAN DANA PIHAK KETIGA DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP KREDIT BANK UMUM (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI JAMBI)." EKONOMIS : Journal of Economics and Business 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v2i1.29.
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This study uses secondary data collected by research object in Jambi Province in the form of data of third party fund of commercial banks, interest rate and total credit data and economic growth sourced from Bank Indonesia as well as and Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Data were collected during the period 2004 to 2015. Objectives of the study 1). analyze the factors that influence the Third Party Fund (DPK) of Jambi Province. 2). analyzing the relationship of third party funds (DPK) to the amount of credit disbursed by commercial banks in Jambi Province. The analytical tool used is focusing on multiple linear regression analysis in time series and correlation person through with the help of software SPSS series 21.0. Based on the discussion of data analysis results in this study, can be drawn conclusion as follows: 1). bank interest rate variable negatively and insignificant to third party funds Jambi Province, while the number of banks and economic growth significantly influence third party funds Jambi Province during the period 2004-2015 with R-square 99.3%. 2). the relationship between third party funds and bank credit distribution is very strong with correlation value of 0.994 x 100% = 99.40%.Keywords: Bank Interest Rate, Third Party Funds, Economic Growth, and Bank Loans
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Broderick, James L., and Matthew L. Giles. "Strategies for addressing investor liquidity concerns and funding capital needs in real estate funds." Journal of Investment Compliance 21, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-10-2020-0034.
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Purpose To discuss issues that real estate fund sponsors may encounter due to investor liquidity constraints amidst the COVID-19 pandemic (such as investors seeking redemptions or transfers) and to provide guidance on potential ways that fund sponsors can prepare for, and respond to, such inquiries while at the same time addressing their fund’s liquidity needs (such as by utilizing subscription-secured credit facilities). Design/methodology/approach The article identifies the types of requests that investors may make to address their internal liquidity constraints, discusses contractual, legal, regulatory and business issues that fund sponsors should consider in responding to such requests and provides some alternatives for fund sponsors to consider allowing them to be responsive to investor liquidity concerns while also addressing fund capital needs. Findings The article finds that there are specific actions which fund sponsors should take in anticipating, and responding to, investor liquidity requests, such as reviewing partnership documents and credit facility documents and considering consequences in respect of ERISA, tax and compliance with applicable securities laws. The article also finds that specific affirmative actions by fund sponsors, such as increased borrowings under credit facilities, making distributions that are recallable and favoring transfers over withdrawals or redemptions may assist fund sponsors in preserving capital while addressing investor liquidity requests. Practical implications Fund sponsors should carefully review their fund documentation and determine their options and requirements as they pertain to potential liquidity requests. Fund sponsors should be careful to avoid foot-faults under their fund documents and credit facility agreements. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced fund formation, securities law, tax, ERISA and finance lawyers.
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Xu, Yilan. "Mandatory savings, credit access and home ownership: The case of the housing provident fund." Urban Studies 54, no. 15 (November 16, 2016): 3446–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016676158.
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Several Asian countries have established savings and loan programs called housing provident funds, which comprise of a voluntary or mandatory savings account and eligibility for discounted mortgage loans. This study evaluates the impact of a mandatory housing provident fund in China on home ownership using the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2009. The empirical results indicate that households enrolled in the program were more likely to own a home since the housing provident fund loans became available in 1998, and such difference was fully explained by the length of the enrolment history which was related to the housing provident fund loan benefits by program design. The success of the housing provident fund was in part attributable to its program designs that feature behavioural economics theories, such as automatic enrolment, mental accounting, and self-discipline. The empirical findings have implications for designing effective housing policies to promote home ownership.
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Czinege, Anikó. "The Valuation System of the National Land Fund." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 16 (December 6, 2005): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3330.
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The aim of establishing a National Land Fund was to realise the rational management of land property belonging to the Hungarian State, to assist in the realisation of estate political directives, and also to support the development of a modern property structure based on family farms. During this 3 years operation the National Land Fund has become the major player of the Hungarian land market. It has arranged land trades totaling 15,000 hectares, which makes 50% of total related turnover. The NLF created the reason for the existence of land as credit security with the provision of security of mortgage credits. National Land Fund has written co-operation contracts with 11 commercial banks in order to provide long-term agricultural mortgage with the background of land security. NLF has issued almost 1,000 conditional declarations of land purchase to the banks, helping the credit system of agricultural companies.The valuation system „TÉR” created by the National Land Fund, is a many-sided, flexible system adjusted to Hungarian conditions. This evaluation system can determine the value of land in a reliable way. NLF built further controls into the process with the co-operation of independent revisers providing real determination of land value.
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Rao, Preethi, and Sharon Buteau. "Modelling credit and savings behaviour of chit fund participants." Gates Open Research 2 (May 4, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12767.1.
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Chit funds are a form of Rotating Saving and Credit Association (ROSCA) prevalent in India. In this institution, a group of individuals pool in equal amounts of money at a fixed frequency, and at every time period a round of competitive bidding takes place among the individuals to identify a borrower for the collected amount. The borrower foregoes his/her right to participate in further auctions, but continues paying his/her share of the pool till every individual in the group has collected the pooled amount. The auction process relies on the bidders’ willingness to give up a certain amount of the pool and take the rest as loan. The amount given up at every time period is shared equally among all individuals in the group. A chit fund, therefore, is structurally similar to the modern formal banking and financial institutions: they act as an intermediary to optimally mobilize funds collected from savers to borrowers and manage repayment of loans from borrowers such that savers receive their dues at the appropriate time. The latter role exposes the industry to credit risk. Modern banking and financial institutions rely heavily on their ability to assess and mitigate credit risk; and, over the last century, they have been able to move from a system where risk assessment was based on human judgment and simple intuition to a system reliant on statistical and mathematical techniques. However, the standard chit fund company still relies heavily on human judgment for assessing risk. The pilot envisages a move towards a standardized statistical methodology for risk assessment and mitigation as the path ahead for the industry.
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Black, Lamont K., John R. Krainer, and Joseph B. Nichols. "Safe Collateral, Arm’s-Length Credit: Evidence from the Commercial Real Estate Market." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 11 (March 11, 2020): 5173–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa031.
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Abstract Two main creditors exist in commercial real estate: arm’s-length investors and banks. We model commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) as the less informed source of credit. In equilibrium, these investors fund properties with a low probability of distress, and banks fund properties that may require renegotiation. As a natural experiment, we test the model using the collapse of the CMBS market during 2007–2009, when banks funded both collateral types. Our results show that properties likely to have been securitized were less likely to default or be renegotiated. This suggests that securitization in this market funds safe collateral.
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Mandron, Viktoria Valerievna, Anton Alekseevich Antonenko, Viktoria Dmitrievna Sadovnikova, and Amalya Rudikovna Chobanyan. "Sources of formation and evaluation of resource base of credit organization." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-2-116-124.
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The article describes the key factors in the development of the state economic system. One of the key factors is the stability of the banking system. Currently, the banking sector in Russia is characterized by increasing instability and a decrease in the reduction of opportunities to replenish the resource base. It is noted that the sources of developing the resource base of credit or-ganizations include own and attracted resources. Own resources include retained earnings, trust funds, formation of a statutory fund, additional contributions of shareholders to the statutory fund, mergers and acquisitions, etc. Borrowed funds comprise interbank loans, issuance of debt securities, term deposits, etc. The main part of the resource base of banking sector belongs to the large credit organizations. The structure and mechanism of creating own and attracted resources by organizations of the banking sector are examined in detail. A review and analysis of existing methods of raising funds by credit organizations is presented. The main trends in changing the resource base have been studied; the assessment of the indicators characterizing the volume and dynamics
of bank liabilities at the present stage has been presented. It has been found that the mechanism
of forming the resource base of the banking sector has the certain difficulties. A key problem in or-ganizing fundraising mechanisms is the imbalance in long-term assets and liabilities. Today, credit organizations form a significant part of their resources from short-term sources. There has been in-ferred the existence of a priority task for the credit organizations in order to increase competition and liquidity: credit organizations have to choose a method to form a resource base that, at minimal cost, will ensure the payment of dividends, replenish reserves and funds, and provide necessary conditions for the effective development of the organization activities.
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Sari, Pristin Prima, and Ardian Prima Putra. "PERAN DANA PIHAK KETIGA DALAM MEMEDIASI PENGARUH NET INTEREST MARGIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KREDIT PADA PERBANKAN YANG GO PUBLIC DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 21, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.21.1.51-57.
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AbstractsThe study found empirical proof the role of third party funds (DPK) mediate the influence of net interest margin (NIM) on bank credit growth listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange on 2015-2018. The study uses data from the bank�s annual financial statements. The Study covers 22 commercial banks resulting in 88 bank-year observations. Research using Smartpls 3.0 statistical tools to process data and path analysis to compute data. The results obtained are third party funds (DPK) that can positively mediate the influence of net interest margin (NIM) on credit growth. The greater DPK create the profitability of bank interest rates increases bank credit growth. Partially Net interest margin (NIM) and third party funds (DPK) can increase bank credit growth. Net interest margin (NIM) also can increase the amount of third party funds (DPK). This study is useful for bank management to make decisions on determining bank margins, obtaining third party funds (DPK) and credit, for the government for study and mapping materials related to bank lending and the amount of bank interest rates, for further research is for reference material related to factors affecting lending.Keywords : Net Interest Margin, Third Party Fund, Credit, IDX
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Pranata, Nika, and Nurzanah Nurzanah. "WHAT DRIVES MICROFINANCE CREDIT DISBURSEMENT? AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA’S RURAL BANKS (BPRs)." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 25, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jep.25.2.2017.21-32.
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The paper investigates determinants of Indonesia’s microfinance credit disbursement, case taken from Indonesia’s rural banks (BPRs) which primarily focus on providing funding to the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). The study applies Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model by using monthly data over the period of January 2009 to January 2016. Result indicates that rural banks credit disbursement is more determined by demand side rather than supply side as variable representing demand side (production index) has significant effect to credit disbursement both long run and short run. In terms of supply side, the amount of credit disbursement is affected by interbank fund in the long run, whereas in the short run the significant variables are customer fund and internal fund. In addition, Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) impose significant effect to the microfinance credit disbursement; yet, interestingly, interest rate is not a significant factor in microfinance’s case.
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Kapoor, Mudit, Antoinette Schoar, Preethi Rao, and Sharon Buteau. "Chit Funds as an Innovative Access to Finance for Low-income Households." Review of Market Integration 3, no. 3 (December 2011): 287–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492921100300305.
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Chit Funds are indigenous financial institutions in India that combines credit and savings in a single scheme. In a chit fund scheme, a group of individuals come together for a predetermined time period and contribute to a common pool at regular intervals. In order to understand the intricacies of the chit fund model in India, we studied the size of the registered chit fund industry and how it serves the members. We find that the money circulated in the registered chit fund industry ranges from 10 per cent to 50 per cent of bank finance when compared to the total deposits and credits in the bank. The number of chit schemes registered has been reducing over the years. The average percentage change in the number of schemes registered from 2003 to 2006 is approximately a negative 10 per cent. While the number of schemes has reduced, the total value of registered chit schemes increased by approximately 13 per cent from 2003 to 2006. Our survey of the chit fund members shows that as much as 72 per cent of the members participate in chit funds for saving. Additionally, 96 per cent of the current and non-current chit fund members think that chit funds are safe. Majority of the current and non-current chit fund members belong to low-income households. Our study also suggests that the institutional arrangements which govern the functioning of the chit scheme that have emerged seem to serve the interest of all participants irrespective of their socio-economic status. Perhaps, this could explain why this industry has survived for such a long period of time. Our findings point to the fact that though chit funds are an important source of finance for small businesses and low-income households in India, there has been a general exodus of low value chit schemes from the registered chit fund market. This is mainly because registered chit funds find it less lucrative to serve the poor due to the increased cost of operating such schemes imposed by the regulators. We find that the chit fund industry addresses the savings needs of people, is considered very safe and also offers loans at lower interest rates than moneylenders.
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Miftah Idris. "PERJANJIAN KREDIT KONVENSIONAL DAN AKAD PEMBIAYAAN SYARIAH DALAM SISTEM PERBANKAN." Madani Legal Review 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31850/malrev.v1i1.27.
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In distribution of fund, the system adopted by conventional banking and Islamic banking is almost the same in distributing the fund with the provision of credit and of financing by banks to their customers. There is specifically legal basis of contract (aqad) that distinguishes where conventional banking is based on the contract law in Burgerlijk Wetboek and Islamic banking is based on aqad law stipulated in Islamic Sharia (Islamic Law). Problems studied in this research is how the credit contract in the conventional banking and how aqad financing in islamic banking are actually. To know the problem, it will be used descriptive study using secondary data as the data source of this research and then analyzed qualitatively. Thus concluded that the credit contract is a beginning process between the creditor and debtor which are applied in the conventional banking system in its efforts to develop funds collected and also to utilize the funds with the best. But Islamic banking financing adheresses to the profit and loss sharing system that has a unity concept in facing of risk and benefit and also existed justice in bussiness is the basic principle of Islamic banking system.
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Meriyati, Meriyati, and Amir Salim. "Sosialisasi Pengalokasian Dana Tepat Guna Dan Sasaran Dalam Kehidupan Ummat Di SMA Tri Dharma Palembang." AKM: Aksi Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36908/akm.v1i1.149.
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The second bank activity after collecting funds from the wider community in the form of deposits, savings and time deposits is to channel these funds back to the people who need them. The activity of channeling funds is also known as fund allocation. The allocation of funds can be realized in the form of loans or better known as loans to conventional banks and financing to sharia-based banks. Both types of distribution of funds have advantages and disadvantages of each. Giving credit or financing can be said to be economic stability because with the credit given will increase the amount of goods needed by the community. Then credit can also help in exporting domestic goods abroad so as to increase the country's foreign exchange. To increase the excitement of trying, for the recipient of the credit will certainly be able to increase the excitement of doing business, especially for the customer who is mediocre capital. To increase income distribution. The more credit / financing distributed, the better, especially in terms of increasing income. However, these two types of products both credit and financing will be the best solution for the Ummah if the allocation of these funds is used appropriately and with the right target.
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Kaboski, Joseph P., and Robert M. Townsend. "The Impact of Credit on Village Economies." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 98–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.4.2.98.
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This paper evaluates the short- and longer term impact of Thailand's “Million Baht Village Fund” program, among the largest scale government microfinance iniatives in the world, using pre- and post-program panel data and quasi-experimental cross-village variation in credit per household. We find that the village funds have increased total short-term credit, consumption, agricultural investment, and income growth (from business and labor), but decreased overall asset growth. We also find a positive impact on wages, an important general equilibrium effect. The findings are broadly consistent qualitatively with models of credit-constrained household behavior and models of intermediation and growth. (JEL D14, G21, O12, O16, O18)
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Santoso, Puji, and Rudy Setiawan. "Penerapan Metode Klasifikasi Decision Tree dan Algoritma C4.5 dalam Memprediksi Kriteria Nasabah Kredit Mega Auto Finance." JURIKOM (Jurnal Riset Komputer) 7, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/jurikom.v7i2.1762.
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One of the tasks in the field of marketing finance is to analyze customer data to find out which customers have the potential to do credit again. The method used to analyze customer data is by classifying all customers who have completed their credit installments into marketing targets, so this method causes high operational marketing costs. Therefore this research was conducted to help solve the above problems by designing a data mining application that serves to predict the criteria of credit customers with the potential to lend (credit) to Mega Auto Finance. The Mega Auto finance Fund Section located in Kotim Regency is a place chosen by researchers as a case study, assuming the Mega Auto finance Fund Section has experienced the same problems as described above. Data mining techniques that are applied to the application built is a classification while the classification method used is the Decision Tree (decision tree). While the algorithm used as a decision tree forming algorithm is the C4.5 Algorithm. The data processed in this study is the installment data of Mega Auto finance loan customers in July 2018 in Microsoft Excel format. The results of this study are an application that can facilitate the Mega Auto finance Funds Section in obtaining credit marketing targets in the future
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Sehani, A., R. Ratianingsih, and J. W. Puspita. "Mengkaji Perputaran Uang Bank Melalui Model Kaldor-kalecki: Tinjauan Numerik Untuk Sistem Kartu Kredit." JURNAL ILMIAH MATEMATIKA DAN TERAPAN 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/2540766x.2020.v17.i1.15166.
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Credit Card is a card payment instrument, where the cardholder's payment obligation is firstly fulfilled by the acquirer or publisher which use third party funds in the form of investments to pay the obligation payment of cardholder. These investment funds are managed as the initial fund of credit card customers. Some of the generated profits could be saved as bank deposits, while others are used for joint capital investment funds. The preview description shows the circulation of bank deposit of the credit card system which mathematically corresponds to the concept represented by Kaldor-Kalecki model. The aims of this study is that money circulation process is represented numerically by such model solution using the Runge-Kutta method. The interpretation of the numerical solution of the Kaldor-Kalecki model of the credit card system is simulated for Bank Mega's financial report data in 2017, the results shows that Bank Mega was found a decline of the number of credit card production. It could be said that the numerical solutions well represented the condition of the credit card system issued by Bank Mega. Negative values of numerical solution also reviews as period of the Bank investment
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Prihantini, Campina Illa, Yusman Syaukat, and Anna Fariyanti. "ANALISIS PINJAMAN DAN BIAYA PINJAMAN DALAM POLA BAGI HASIL USAHA GARAM RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN, JAWA TIMUR." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v11i1.3176.
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Masalah keterbatasan modal sering dihadapi dalam pengembangan bisnis pertanian pedesaan.Usaha garam rakyat di Kabupaten Pamekasan juga menghadapinya. Pada umumnya, petanipenggarap memutuskan untuk berpartisipasi dalam sistem bagi hasil, yang menyediakan pinjaman,untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) mengestimasi biaya pinjaman yangditanggung petani penggarap; (2) mengidentifikasi faktor penentu besarnya pinjaman yang diperoleholeh petani penggarap, dan; (3) mengidentifikasi faktor penentu biaya pinjaman yang ditanggung olehpetani penggarap. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive dan snowballing sampling. Metodeanalisis yang digunakan adalah analisis biaya pinjaman dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Biayapinjaman yang harus ditanggung oleh petani penggarap ternyata jauh lebih besar daripada tingkatsuku bunga pinjaman formal. Biaya pinjaman berada dalam kisaran angka 6.00% hingga 93.45% perbulan. Besarnya pinjaman yang diperoleh oleh petani penggarap dipengaruhi secara signifikan olehlama pinjaman, jumlah anggota keluarga petani penggarap, biaya pinjaman, keuntungan yang diterimapetani penggarap, asal daerah petani penggarap, ketersediaan jaminan, sumber pinjaman lain, dan polabagi hasil. Biaya pinjaman dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh lama pinjaman, harga garam, produksigaram, ketersediaan jaminan, sumber pinjaman lain, dan pola bagi hasil. Pemerintah perlu bekerjasamadengan perbankan daerah untuk memberikan pinjaman bersubsidi. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengatasipermasalahan biaya pinjaman yang sangat tinggi.Title: Analysis of Credit and Cost of Fund in Sharecropping System of Salt Production Business in Pamekasan Regency, East JavaLimited capital problem is often faced in developing rural agricultural business. Salt production business in Pamekasan Regency also faced it. Generally, the sharecroppers choosed to join sharecropping system, providing credit, to finish that problem. The objectives of this research are : (1) to estimate cost of fund paid by the sharecropper; (2) to identify the determinants of credit accepted by the sharecropper; and (3) to identify the determinants of cost of fund paid by the sharecropper. This research use purposive and snowballing sampling technique. Analysis methods of this research are the cost offund analysis and multiple linier regression analysis. Cost of fund paid by the sharecropper is more higher than the credit formal interest rate. It was about 6.00% to 93.45% per mounth. Credit nominalaccepted by the sharecropper is affected significantly by duration, number of sharecropper’s family, cost of fund, sharecropper’s profit, sharecropper’s region, collateral, another credit, and sharecroppingsystem. Cost of fund is affected significantly by are duration, price, number of output, collateral, another credit, and sharecropping system. The government should cooperate with the regional bank to give subsidized credit. It can solve the cost of fund problem that is very high.
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Jeon, H. J., and S. Y. Sohn. "The risk management for technology credit guarantee fund." Journal of the Operational Research Society 59, no. 12 (December 2008): 1624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602506.
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Sohn, So Young, Tae Hee Moon, and Sanghoon Kim. "Improved technology scoring model for credit guarantee fund." Expert Systems with Applications 28, no. 2 (February 2005): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2004.10.012.
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Yang, Fu Rong. "The Research of Social Intelligence Network (SIN) in Crisis Management of Fund Management Corporations." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.565.
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According to the information needs in fund industry, fund management companies can determine sources of information on the crisis, select far-reaching nodes, and establish effective links for the fund management companies to build social intelligence network to deal with credit crisis.
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Oseghale, Ihayere, Ugege Joseph, and Abu Prince. "DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 5 (June 4, 2020): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i5.2020.123.
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Aligning with Goal two of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs2) to accomplish zero hunger by the year 2030. This research dives deeper into how Agriculture can be sustained to actualize SDGs2 through the assistance of depository Institutions. The results show that deposit money bank loans, deposit money bank loans rate, exchange rate, government expenditure and agricultural credit sector fund have pose positive effect on agricultural output, only the duo of exchange rate and agricultural credit sector fund indicate a significant impact on agricultural output at the 5% level of significance while deposit money bank loans have a slightly positive significant effect on agricultural output at approximately 10% level of significance. This implies that across the period under investigation, deposit money bank loans, exchange rate and agricultural sector credit fund impose significant and positive contribution to agricultural output.
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Hamid, Md Kaysher, and Azharul Islam. "Financial Management of Private Commercial Bank in Bangladesh : An Empirical Study on Prime Bank Limited." American Journal of Economics and Business Management 2, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.vol2.iss2.61.
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This paper purposes to explore the financial management practices of private commercial bank in Bangladesh based on the information provided in the financial statements. For this, Prime Bank Limited (PBL), a reputed private commercial bank operating in Bangladesh, has been studied for 2010-14. This study finds that major contributor of PBL’s operating revenue is funded income, major areas of fund employment are Secured overdraft / Quard against TDR, Cash credit / Murabaha, and Loans (General) while the major fund source is Term deposits / Mudaraba term deposits. PBL has always maintained higher return from credit than the cost of funds for deposit. However, the amount of unclassified loan is decreasing over the years while classifieds are increasing. The treasury income of PBL is increasing over the years and maximum portion of the income comes from interest income on Government Securities. In case of liquidity gap, overall positive gap is observed. The repricing gaps model for interest risk shows cumulative negative gap of PBL over the years while financing surpluses over the years are observed. Based on the analysis, this study calls for special focus of PBLs’ management in the areas of operating performance, credit risk management, and asset quality management.
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Lanz, Luciano Quinto, and Patricia Amelia Tomei. "Managing Risks and Stakeholders in the Design of a new Financial Product." International Journal of Innovation 4, no. 2 (June 9, 2016): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v4i2.89.
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This article analyses risk’ and stakeholders’ management in the project to establish a product created by BNDES to provide partial credit guarantees for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), the Investment Guarantee Fund (FGI). The project went through several adjustments during its development to adapt it to changes in the credit market, the demands of financial agents and credit access’ public policy. For this analysis were used risk management models, stakeholder management in projects and guarantee systems. The methodology used was the single case study with the fund manager, with document analysis and semi-structured interviews. The results of the analysis indicate that the corrections in the direction and the adequacy of the fund project development pace, together with stakeholder management techniques use and project risk management, led to increased security in the Fund implementation, minimizing the need for rework and schedule delays. This context prevented several risks associated with the operation and the adequacy of the final product, contributing to a gradual but steady adoption of the Fund's guarantee by financial agents.
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Cortés, Kristle Romero, and Josh Lerner. "Bridging the Gap? Government Subsidized Lending and Access to Capital." Review of Corporate Finance Studies 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2013): 98–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rcfs/cft002.
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The consequences of providing public funds to financial institutions remain controversial. We examine the Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Fund’s impact on credit union activity, using hitherto little studied U.S. Treasury data. The CDFI Fund grants increase lending at credit unions by 3%. For every dollar awarded, 45 additional cents are loaned out to borrowers in the first year, and up to an additional $1.60 is loaned out within three years. Delinquent loan rates also increase slightly. Our panel results are supported by a broadband regression discontinuity analysis. Politics does not seem to play a role in allocating funding. (JEL G28)
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Novy-Marx, Robert, and Joshua D. Rauh. "Fiscal Imbalances and Borrowing Costs: Evidence from State Investment Losses." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 182–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.2.182.
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During the last quarter of 2008, financial losses in state pension funds varied from 12 percent to 68 percent of the revenue generated by the state government. We quantify a sovereign default channel in the state municipal market by examining how changes in bond spreads vary with state pension fund losses, controlling for credit ratings and various measures of the state's fiscal strength. Municipal bond spreads rose by 7–15 basis points for each 10 percent of state-generated revenue lost by states in the lower half of the credit quality spectrum. (JEL H71, H72, H74, H75)
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Ahlquist, John S., and Ben W. Ansell. "Taking Credit." World Politics 69, no. 4 (August 24, 2017): 640–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887117000089.
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Several recent studies link rising income inequality in the United States to the global financial crisis, arguing that US politicians did not respond to growing inequality with fiscal redistribution. Instead, Americans saved less and borrowed more to maintain relative consumption in the face of widening economic disparities. This article proposes a theory in which fiscal redistribution dampens the willingness of citizens to borrow to fund current consumption. A key implication is that pretax inequality will be more tightly linked with credit in less redistributive countries. The long-run partisan composition of government is, in turn, a key determinant of redistributive effort. Examining a panel of eighteen OECD democracies, the authors find that countries with limited histories of left-wing participation in government are significantly more likely see credit expansion as prefisc inequality grows compared to those in which the political left has been more influential.
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Eboli, Mario, and Andrea Toto. "The Insurance Value of Trade Credit." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 7 (June 14, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n7p87.
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The extensive use of trade credit in all manufacturing sectors, despite its high cost, is an apparent puzzle that economists explain in terms of asymmetric information problems affecting financial markets. The financial constraints arising from credit rationing and limited access to stock markets suffice to induce firms to resort to trade credit as a supplemental source of funding. Nonetheless, empirical evidence shows that also large and liquid firms facing no binding financial constraints use substantial amounts of trade credit. We address this issue by modelling the financial policy of a firm that does not face a binding liquidity constraint but the risk of being constrained in the future. We characterise the optimal amount of trade credit held by such a firm, and we show that a positive probability of facing a liquidity constraint leads the firm to fund its inventories with trade credit, even if cheaper sources of funds are available. The rationale is that trade credit provides implicit coverage against liquidity risk. Therefore, the optimal amount of trade credit grows with the expected size of a possible liquidity shock and with the likelihood of its occurrence.
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Sabouri, Mohammad Sadegh, Mahnaz Saberiyan, and Mohammad Bagher Arayesh. "The Role of Socio-economical Factors of Micro-credit Funds in Improving Rural Women Entrepreneurship Development." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 5 (September 27, 2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n5p187.
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<p>This study tries to identify the individual, social and economical role of rural women’s micro-credit funds of Semnan city, in developing the entrepreneurship of women. To achieve this goal, 170 women of four funds of Semnan villages were selected. Independent variable factors including economical, social and cultural factors via funds in to dependent variable that is women’s entrepreneurship developing and itself classifies to and entrepreneurs characteristics (risk, internal, control focus, opportunism, ambiguity tolerance, innovation) were studied. The study uses the correlation methodology and the type of selection is sampling (N=170). The questionnaire was used as a tool of gathering information. For a descriptive evaluation, the questionnaire has been answered by supervisors, experts and consultants in agricultural extension and education field who are responsible for Semnan credit funds. For the reliability of the results, 300 questionnaires were filled out by 30 female members of the funds other than Semnan town funds. (Om abeha) rural women funds of Darjazin. Filled out questionnaires were calculated by SPSS software and kronbakh alpha coefficient. krnbakh alpha of 88.5% show the extend of which different parts of the question are reliable and validity. The results of multi – regression show that (satisfaction of presented activities and self confidence) that are cultural- social factors of fund, and (scale of income from plan and theory than marketing and market survey and sale) that are economical factors of fund, have important and basic role in women entrepreneurship developing.</p>
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Sondakh, Jullie Jeanette, Joy Elly Tulung, and Herman Karamoy. "The effect of third-party funds, credit risk, market risk, and operational risk on profitability in banking." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 2 (2021): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i2art15.
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The study aimed to investigate the effect of third-party funds, credit risk, market risk, and operational risk on profitability in banking, especially on the banks included in BUKU 2 category simultaneously or partially. The sampling technique used in the study was saturated sampling. Therefore, a number of 54 banks was obtained as samples. The data in the study were quantitative data, namely in form of financial statements of banking companies included in BUKU 2 category for the period 2014–2017. The data were obtained from the websites of the concerned banks. The research method used was multiple linear regression analysis. In the study, to measure the third-party funds variable we used third-party fund (TPF) ratio, to measure the credit risk variable we used non-performing loan (NPL) and non-performing financing (NPF) ratio, to measure the market risk variable we used net interest margin (NIM) ratio, to measure the operational risk variable we used BOPO ratio, and to measure the profitability variable we used return on assets (ROA) ratio. The result of the study showed that partially third-party funds and credit risk had no significant effect on profitability, partially market risk had a significant positive effect on profitability, and partially credit risk had a significant negative effect on profitability. While simultaneously, third-party funds, credit risk, market risk, and operational risk had a significant effect on profitability.
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Lindset, Snorre, and Svein-Arne Persson. "Continuous Monitoring: Does Credit Risk Vanish?" ASTIN Bulletin 39, no. 2 (November 2009): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.39.2.2044649.
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AbstractWe present a model for pricing credit risk protection for a limited liability non-life insurance company. The protection is typically provided by a guaranty fund. In the case of continuous monitoring, i.e., where the market values of the company's assets and liabilities are continuously observable, and where the market values of assets and liabilities follow continuous processes, regulators can liquidate the insurance company at the instant the market value of its assets equals the market value of its liabilities, implying that the credit protection is worthless. When jumps are included in the claims process, the protection provided by the guaranty fund has a strictly positive market value. The ability to continuously monitor asset prices with continuous sample paths eliminates economic losses from default. Our analysis suggests that economic losses from default stem from jumps in continuously observed asset prices and/or that asset prices are not continuously observed.
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BIELECKI, TOMASZ R., IGOR CIALENCO, and SHIBI FENG. "A DYNAMIC MODEL OF CENTRAL COUNTERPARTY RISK." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 21, no. 08 (December 2018): 1850050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024918500504.
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We introduce a dynamic model of the default waterfall of derivatives central counterparties and propose a risk sensitive method for sizing the initial margin, and the default fund and its allocation among clearing members. Using a Markovian structure model of joint credit migrations, our evaluation of the default fund takes into account the joint credit quality of clearing members as they evolve over time. Another important aspect of the proposed methodology is the use of the time consistent dynamic risk measures for computation of the initial margin and the default fund. We carry out a comprehensive numerical study, where, in particular, we analyze the advantages of the proposed methodology and its comparison with the currently prevailing methods used in industry.
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Yang, Jingwen, Li Zhang, Bing Xu, Chengbin Wang, and Hsin-Chih Lin. "The Credit-Increasing Mechanism of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Evidence from Taizhou’s Credit Guarantee Fund." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 23, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2019.p0546.
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Increasing the credit of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is the key to solving SMEs’ financing difficulties. Because of their small size and fixed assets, it is not easy for SMEs to get loans from mortgage or private guarantee institutions. Therefore, to alleviate the credit rationing faced by SMEs and reduce financing cost, the key is to increase corporate credit score. This study uses small and micro-businesses’ data from Taizhou city to identify the key factors affecting corporate default. The results show that enterprise scale, enterprise operation status, financial environment, and credit-increasing means are the key factors affecting enterprise default, and credit protection funds do not play a significant role. Therefore, it can be argued that at present, the credit growth of SMEs still relies mainly on fixed asset mortgage, while the role of credit protection funds needs further refinement to effectively assist SMEs to solve difficult and expensive financing.
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Olexandr Yatsenko, Volodymyr Yatsenko, and Iryna Andryushchenko. "AGRICULTURAL GUARANTEE FUND AS A RISK INSURANCE METHOD OF BANK CREDITING OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE." European Cooperation 2, no. 42 (April 30, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32070/ec.v2i42.37.
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The goal of the article is the development of theoretical principles and practical recommendations concerning the improvement of bank crediting of agro-industrial complex (AIC) enterprises based on the use of Agricultural Guarantee Fund opportunities. The object of the research is a combination of theoretical, methodological and applied principles of forming and functioning of Agricultural Guarantee Fund in the process of bank crediting of AIC enterprises. The methodological basis of the study is based on the systematic approach to improving bank crediting of AIC enterprises and searching the ways of the guaranteed risk insurance in credit relations. In the research process, general scientific and special methods were used, namely: bibliographic method (the study of scientific works concerning risk insurance in bank crediting of agricultural enterprises); abstract-logical method; the methods of system generalization, analysis and synthesis. The article focuses on the risk insurance problems of bank crediting of AIC enterprises by creating Agricultural Guarantee Fund (AGF). The dynamics of insuring credit risks in Ukraine in recent years has been studied. The experience of EU countries as to creating and functioning AGF has been generalized; the main purpose of AGF is to reduce and allocate bank risk using the insurance technologies. The advantages of the fund have been substantiated; they will allow saving money due to the “leverage effect” with guarantee to get credit in sizes being significantly higher than the fund resources.
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Gil-Bazo, Javier, Peter Hoffmann, and Sergio Mayordomo. "Mutual Funding." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 10 (October 30, 2019): 4883–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz111.
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Abstract Using data on Spanish mutual funds, we show that bank-affiliated funds provide funding support to their parent company via purchases of bonds in the primary market. Support from affiliated funds is more sizeable in crisis times and for riskier banks. These trades generate negative abnormal returns and thus benefit banks at the expense of fund investors. To minimize negative effects on their asset management business, banks concentrate the burden of funding support in funds without performance fees and those catering to retail investors. We provide evidence consistent with funding support helping to limit credit rationing over the 2008–2012 period.
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Osabohien, Romanus, Adesola Afolabi, and Abigail Godwin. "An Econometric Analysis of Food Security and Agricultural Credit Facilities in Nigeria." Open Agriculture Journal 12, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501812010227.
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Background:It is a known fact that the efficiency of credit facility positively contributes to production base of a sector, especially the Nigerian agricultural sector which is recognised as the heartbeat of the economy by employing over 70% of the country’s labour force; this forms the motivation for this study.Objective:This study examined the potential of agricultural credit facilities in terms of commercial bank credit to agriculture and agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) and their corresponding interest rates to farmers towards increasing agricultural production as the pathway to food security in Nigeria.Method:The study employed the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric approach on the time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 1990-2016.Result:The result from ARDL showed that commercial banks credits and ACGSF increased food security by 8.12% and 0.002% respectively, while population reduces food security by 0.001%.Conclusion:The study concluded that population should be controlled through family planning and adequate financing of the ACFSF by the government and monitor commercial banks leading interest rates on credit facilities.
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Alvi, Jahanzaib, Muhammad Rehan, and Sania Saeed. "Modified Sharpe Ratio Application in Calculation of Mutual Fund Star Ranking." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v10i1.4714.
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Purpose of this study is to apply to modify Sharpe Ratio to calculate Star Ranking of Equity-based mutual funds registered in Mutual Fund Association of Pakistan, further, the idea was to recalibrate locally developed models being used in Pakistan by autonomous professional bodies who professionally assigns star ranking of mutual funds, equity market exhibited negative returns from July 2017 onwards this research which brought the problem to assign star ranking due to model structure, model relies on risk-adjusted return (Sharpe Ratio), therefore Sharpe Ratio has a limitation in negative excess return. Two developed models were simultaneously compared to witness the predictive power of these models, (1) modified Sharpe and (2) VIS Credit Rating Company (Explaining the Stars) Model. Data was collected from March 2013 to March 2018 quarterly and the exercise was done quarterly. Findings revealed a magnificent piece of work, (1) there is no difference between model 1 and model 2 by both way results exhibited same mutual fund star rankings, (2) both methods have a different way of calculating final score with same results, and (3) modified Sharpe ratio is quite well when excess return is negative but when there is a mix of negative and positive better to use VIS model as well as in positive excess returns. A research paper could not calibrate other models developed by rating companies (Pakistan Credit Rating Company) which is a future research gap.
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OYAKHILOMEN, OYINBO, REKWOT G, and ADEGBOYE G ATIM. "Relationship of agricultural production and agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund in nigeria: a causality analysis." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.13.
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This study was carried out to examine the causality of agricultural production and the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund(ACGSF) in Nigeria. ADF unit root test, unrestricted VAR and granger causality test were employed in the analysis of the dataset and result showed that there is no causality between agricultural production and value of agricultural credit guaranteed but a unidirectional causality from agricultural production to the number of agricultural credit guaranteed existed. This implies that we can better predict the outcome of agricultural production in Nigeria using the past values of the number of agricultural credit guaranteed.
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Mesrawati, Mesrawati, Widya Hitajulu, Salsabila Siregar, Venny Venny, Sri Rejeki Panggabean, and Feberius Halawa. "Analisis Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL) dan Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR) terhadap Penyaluran Kredit Perbankan." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 4, no. 1 (September 7, 2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v4i1.1442.
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Commercial banks have the main activity in raising funds and channeling funds to the public. The biggest source of funds from commercial banks is the activity of channeling credit to the public. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze DPK, CAR, NPL and LDR on bank credit distribution (Case Study at Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2014-2018). Quantitative research approaches are used by being a cause and effect relationship between independent and dependent variables. Documentation becomes a data collection technique. The population in this study were 45 commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The research sample is 27 commercial bank companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014-2018 period with a sample of 135 observations. Multiple linear regression became the model of this study. The results of this study are DPK, CAR, NPL and LDR partially and simultaneously and significantly on bank loans (Case study on commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2018).
Keywords : third party fund, capital adequacy ratio, non performing loan and loan to deposit ratio, credit distribution
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Purwantini, Sri, Endang Rusdianti, and Paulus Wardoyo. "KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN DANA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM KONVENSIONAL DI KOTA SEMARANG." Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Budaya 18, no. 1 (November 26, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v18i1.564.
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<p><em>In accordance with the principles of cooperatives, Credit Union known as financial institution, as well as serve as an intermediary institution. Credit Unions activities include collecting deposits from members, gives loans to members, other cooperatives and or their members, as well as manage the balance of funding and lending.</em></p><p><em>Based on the study results, it is found that Credit Unions can not rely on collection of funds from the member either in the form of savings, compulsory savings, time deposits. In addition, Credit Unions are also less interested in establishing a partnership with the Bank either through the linkage program and other programs.</em></p><p><em>In an effort to balance of fund and loan portfolio, the manager of more use their experiences in the past, so that utilization is less than optimal. Weak regulation, has made the behavior of the manager of Credit Unions to act like a bank.</em></p><p> </p>
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Mbugua, Keziah Njoki, and George Kosimbei. "Determinants of Loan Repayment of Government Funding to Vulnerable Groups; A Case of Biashara Fund in Kiambu County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. VI (November 15, 2019): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.80.
Full textAbstract:
In an attempt to alleviate poverty and empower the vulnerable population, many non- governmental organizations and government line agencies have provided revolving funds to its citizens. The County Government of Kiambu introduced Biashara Fund to empower its youth. The major challenge has been identifying the most deserving beneficiary and minimizing the risk of loan non-repayment. Such, has however not been possible as at times, the rate of defaulters has been reported to be substantially high, leading to writing off such debts at the expense of the revolving funds. The role of the government in providing start-up funds and ensuring sustainability is crucial. Ideally when such funds are borrowed, it is expected that they are repaid in order to empower another beneficiary thus creating a revolving fund and ensuring sustainability of the fund. However, this is often not the case as change of the government of the day at times leads to higher default rate of such funds. This study focused on determinants affecting loan repayment of government funding to venerable groups, a case study of Biashara Fund in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study specifically evaluated the influence of amount of credit borrowed, legislation put in place on loan repayment, borrowing process set and group leadership on loan repayment of government funding to venerable groups accessing Biashara Fund in Kiambu County. Descriptive survey was adopted for this study. The study targeted youth, women and persons with disability with emphasis on 60 groups and 865 individuals drawn across the 10 sub-counties in Kiambu County. The target category had advanced loans by the Biashara Fund from 2014 to 2017. A sample of 274 participants was used and was selected using stratified and simple random sampling. The study used a questionnaire as the sole primary data collection instrument. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences where both descriptive and inferential statistics were employ yed. A univariate analysis was done to get standard deviation, means frequency tables, histogram pie chart, graphs and percentages. Further inferential statistics were applied using regression analysis. The study established a relationship between group leadership and loan repayment of government funding by venerable groups accessing Biashara Fund in Kiambu County. The study findings show that there is a significant negative relationship between the amount of credit borrowed and loan repayment of government funding by venerable groups accessing Biashara Fund in Kiambu County. The study concludes that there is a relationship between loan size and capacity to repay. The study also concludes that most of the youth, women and persons with disability were partially conversant with the Biashara loan rules. Policy makers need to come up with viable interventions to stimulate and create an enabling economic environment for innovation and business competitiveness, hence inducing performance of youth, women and disabled business projects. The youth, women and disabled problem thus requires properly planned well-structured and broad based programs. The study recommends that adequate liquidity should be ensured as depositors and borrowers should be able to access funds without subjecting the institutions to solvency and attainment of acceptable rates of return. Research and academicians with an interest in entrepreneurship and startup funding as they will understand the issues raised for future research.
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Ji, Kwangchul, and Hong-Youl Ha. "Empirical Evidence of Risks of Public-Loan Finance: Comparison between Self-Employers and SMEs." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 6426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116426.
Full textAbstract:
Public financial loans are very complex. However, previous research has largely neglected the effective management of public funds. More specifically, how to maintain the optimal balance between small businesses and loan providers for managing public funds over time remains unclear. Moreover, little is known about how public funds should be managed to increase survival periods, which are directly related to these institutions’ financial stability. This study tests the difference between public fund borrowers and providers from perspectives on their long-term survival and compares survival periods using 499,554 guaranteed loans. The findings show that 85% guarantee ratios and high credit ratings help increase survival periods. The findings also show that individual-based borrowers, such as self-employers, have a strong tendency to survive much longer than SMEs. Finally, our study extends the literature by offering a risk theory perspective on public financial institutions that explains how guarantee ratios and credit ratings affect the survival periods of borrowers, resulting in these institutions’ financial soundness.