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Journal articles on the topic 'Fundamental attribution error'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Stalder, Daniel R. "Does Logic Moderate the Fundamental Attribution Error?" Psychological Reports 86, no. 3 (June 2000): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3.879.

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The fundamental attribution error was investigated from an individual difference perspective. Mathematicians were compared with nonmathematicians (Exp. 1; n: 84), and undergraduates who scored high on a test of logical reasoning ability were compared with those who scored low (Exp. 2; n: 62). The mathematicians and those participants scoring higher on logic appeared less prone to the fundamental attribution error, primarily using a measure of confidence in attributions.

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2

Ross, Lee. "From the Fundamental Attribution Error to the Truly Fundamental Attribution Error and Beyond: My Research Journey." Perspectives on Psychological Science 13, no. 6 (September 17, 2018): 750–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691618769855.

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This essay traces continuities and changes in focus of research and theory in my career. I describe early work on insensitivity to role-conferred advantages in self-presentation (and the personal experiences that prompted that work) and the subsequent identification and naming of the “fundamental attribution error.” I next describe my work on the role that construal processes play in determining responses to various decision-making and attributional contexts. That work, in turn, culminated in identification and exploration of what I now deem the truly “fundamental attribution error”: the illusion of superior personal objectivity and its various consequences for interpersonal and intergroup interactions. I conclude with the lessons I have drawn from my applied work on conflict resolution.

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Burger, Jerry M. "Changes in Attributions Over Time: The Ephemeral Fundamental Attribution Error." Social Cognition 9, no. 2 (June 1991): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.1991.9.2.182.

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Moran, Joseph M., Eshin Jolly, and Jason P. Mitchell. "Spontaneous Mentalizing Predicts the Fundamental Attribution Error." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 3 (March 2014): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00513.

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When explaining the reasons for others' behavior, perceivers often overemphasize underlying dispositions and personality traits over the power of the situation, a tendency known as the fundamental attribution error. One possibility is that this bias results from the spontaneous processing of others' mental states, such as their momentary feelings or more enduring personality characteristics. Here, we use fMRI to test this hypothesis. Participants read a series of stories that described a target's ambiguous behavior in response to a specific social situation and later judged whether that act was attributable to the target's internal dispositions or to external situational factors. Neural regions consistently associated with mental state inference—especially, the medial pFC—strongly predicted whether participants later made dispositional attributions. These results suggest that the spontaneous engagement of mentalizing may underlie the biased tendency to attribute behavior to dispositional over situational forces.

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Hooper, Nic, Ates Erdogan, Georgia Keen, Katharine Lawton, and Louise McHugh. "Perspective taking reduces the fundamental attribution error." Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.02.002.

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Langdridge, Darren, and Trevor Butt. "The fundamental attribution error: A phenomenological critique." British Journal of Social Psychology 43, no. 3 (September 2004): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/0144666042037962.

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Maruna, Shadd, and Ruth E. Mann. "A fundamental attribution error? Rethinking cognitive distortions†." Legal and Criminological Psychology 11, no. 2 (September 2006): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135532506x114608.

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8

Tal-Or, Nurit, and Yael Papirman. "The Fundamental Attribution Error in Attributing Fictional Figures' Characteristics to the Actors." Media Psychology 9, no. 2 (April 13, 2007): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260701286049.

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Dieser, Rodney B. "Leisure education research and the fundamental attribution error." World Leisure Journal 54, no. 1 (March 2012): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2012.668037.

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Li, Yexin Jessica, Kathryn A. Johnson, Adam B. Cohen, Melissa J. Williams, Eric D. Knowles, and Zhansheng Chen. "Fundamental(ist) attribution error: Protestants are dispositionally focused." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 102, no. 2 (2012): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026294.

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11

Follett, K. J., and T. M. Hess. "Aging, Cognitive Complexity, and the Fundamental Attribution Error." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 57, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): P312—P323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.4.p312.

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12

Tetlock, Philip E. "Accountability: A Social Check on the Fundamental Attribution Error." Social Psychology Quarterly 48, no. 3 (September 1985): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3033683.

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13

Sirola, Nina. "Economic Booms Exacerbate Fundamental Attribution Error in Work Evaluations." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 11125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.11125abstract.

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14

Krull, Douglas S., Michelle Hui-Min Loy, Jennifer Lin, Ching-Fu Wang, Suhong Chen, and Xudong Zhao. "The Fundamental Fundamental Attribution Error: Correspondence Bias in Individualist and Collectivist Cultures." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25, no. 10 (October 1999): 1208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167299258003.

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15

Davison, H. Kristl, and Jack Smothers. "How Theory X style of management arose from a fundamental attribution error." Journal of Management History 21, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-03-2014-0073.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose that the Theory X style of management arose from a fundamental attribution error, in which managers assumed that employees’ lack of motivation was a disposition rather than a function of unmotivating work situations. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the nature of work during the industrial revolution from a Job Characteristics Model perspective and compares Theory X and Theory Y perspectives in terms of their emphasis on dispositional or situational influences on behavior. Findings – It was found that factory work performed during the industrial revolution was likely to be deficient in terms of the five core dimensions of the Job Characteristics Model, and would have been unmotivating. Because of the fundamental attribution error, managers would have assumed that workers were unmotivated by nature, but the situation was likely the cause of their lack of motivation. Practical implications – As illustrated by our findings, management theory development and interpretation can benefit from understanding the historical context within which the theory was developed. Considering both situational and person (i.e. individual differences or traits) effects is particularly important for theory development. Originality/value – The unique contribution of this paper is to make the connection between the characteristics of work performed during the industrial revolution and consequent inaccurate managerial attributions of worker motivation (i.e. Theory X).

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Riggio, Heidi R., and Amber L. Garcia. "The Power of Situations: Jonestown and the Fundamental Attribution Error." Teaching of Psychology 36, no. 2 (March 17, 2009): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986280902739636.

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17

Clarke, Steve. "The Fundamental Attribution Error and Harman's Case against Character Traits." South African Journal of Philosophy 25, no. 4 (January 2006): 350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2006.12063062.

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18

Schwarz, Norbert. "Attitude Research: Between Ockham's Razor and the Fundamental Attribution Error." Journal of Consumer Research 33, no. 1 (June 2006): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504124.

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19

Hicks, Lou E. "Is there a disposition to avoid the fundamental attribution error?" Journal of Research in Personality 19, no. 4 (December 1985): 436–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90011-x.

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Sabini, John, Michael Siepmann, and Julia Stein. "Target Article: "The Really Fundamental Attribution Error in Social Psychological Research"." Psychological Inquiry 12, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1201_01.

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Miller, Arthur G., and Tim Lawson. "The Effect of an Informational Option on the Fundamental Attribution Error." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 15, no. 2 (June 1989): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167289152006.

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22

Andrews, Paul W. "The psychology of social chess and the evolution of attribution mechanisms: explaining the fundamental attribution error." Evolution and Human Behavior 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-5138(00)00059-3.

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Fernández-Dols, José-Miguel, Pilar Carrera, and James A. Russell. "Are Facial Displays Social? Situational Influences in the Attribution of Emotion to Facial Expressions." Spanish Journal of Psychology 5, no. 2 (November 2002): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005898.

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Observers are remarkably consistent in attributing particular emotions to particular facial expressions, at least in Western societies. Here, we suggest that this consistency is an instance of the fundamental attribution error. We therefore hypothesized that a small variation in the procedure of the recognition study, which emphasizes situational information, would change the participants' attributions. In two studies, participants were asked to judge whether a prototypical “emotional facial expression” was more plausibly associated with a social-communicative situation (one involving communication to another person) or with an equally emotional but nonsocial, situation. Participants were found more likely to associate each facial display with the social than with the nonsocial situation. This result was found across all emotions presented (happiness, fear, disgust, anger, and sadness) and for both Spanish and Canadian participants.

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24

Schyns, Birgit, and Tiffany Hansbrough. "Why the Brewery Ran Out of Beer." Social Psychology 39, no. 3 (January 2008): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.3.197.

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According to Heider (1958 ), observers tend to discount situational factors and overemphasize the internal characteristics of the actor when making causal attributions. Specifically, in an organizational setting, leadership perceptions of followers may be influenced by the fundamental attribution error. Accordingly, followers may be more likely to attribute leader mistakes to internal factors. However, we suggest that this tendency may be modified by a variety of factors including the extent to which followers hold romantic leader images, whether leaders match followers’ implicit leadership theories, the characteristics of the mistakes themselves, and the nature of the leader-follower relationship. We develop a model of attribution of mistakes to a direct supervisor, derive propositions for leadership research, and explore implications for practice.

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25

Forgas, Joseph P. "On being happy and mistaken: Mood effects on the fundamental attribution error." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75, no. 2 (1998): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.318.

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26

Paley, John. "Compassion and the fundamental attribution error: A reply to Rolfe & Gardner." Nurse Education Today 35, no. 3 (March 2015): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.08.013.

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Paley, John. "Francis, fatalism and the fundamental attribution error: A reply to Philip Darbyshire." Nurse Education Today 35, no. 3 (March 2015): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.08.014.

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28

Fiore, Robert A., and Robert N. Lussier. "Measuring and testing general fundamental attribution error in entrepreneurship effecting public policy." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 4, no. 2 (August 17, 2015): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-03-2014-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically test for fundamental attribution error (FAE) – the naturally occurring bias of humans to over-attribute business success to celebrity-entrepreneur disposition. Design/methodology/approach – Employing a five-step process, this paper measures and tests for FAE bias in entrepreneurial situations. The methodology includes anecdotal historical evidence; developing a FAE survey instrument; having 101 respondents classify variables; statistically testing and validating the instrument; and then statistically identifying the importance of each factor with a sample 105. Findings – Significant statistical evidence for an active FAE bias was found. People do tend to attribute business success to entrepreneurial dispositions, rather than team behavior and circumstantial outcome factors which can reduce the effectiveness of public policy. Research limitations/implications – There is minimal research on FAE in entrepreneurship effecting public policy, thus there is a need for research to better understand factors of business outcomes actually based on entrepreneurial dispositions vs team behavior and circumstantial-situational factors. Practical implications – FAE bias may lead the general public, entrepreneurs, and public policy makers to overemphasize the impact of the entrepreneur’s behavior and especially the dispositional factors of the celebrity-based entrepreneur when assessing causation of firm performance. This would under-emphasize the value of other organizational factors. Misidentification of true cause-effect factors may lead to inappropriate managerial conclusions and introduction of error in public policy decisions. Originality/value – Although FAE is primarily a psychological literature concept, this is the first study to contribute empirical evidence of the FAE of professionals employed in business as it applies to entrepreneurship and economic outcomes.

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29

Haney, Craig, and Philip G. Zimbardo. "Persistent Dispositionalism in Interactionist Clothing: Fundamental Attribution Error in Explaining Prison Abuse." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 35, no. 6 (April 27, 2009): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167208322864.

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30

Hansen, Eric M., Charles E. Kimble, and David W. Biers. "ACTORS AND OBSERVERS: DIVERGENT ATTRIBUTIONS OF CONSTRAINED UNFRIENDLY BEHAVIOR." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.1.87.

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In light of previous attribution research, the authors investigated whether individuals make different causal inferences about their own, as opposed to other people's, constrained interpersonal behavior. Fifty-seven male and 59 female introductory psychology students were randomly assigned to act either friendly or unfriendly as they interacted with a same-sex confederate whose behavior was also constrained. Participants assessed their own, and the confederates', behavior during the interaction and general dispositions. Consistent with previous research on the correspondence bias or fundamental attribution error, and the actor-observer bias, dispositional influences played a more prominent role in participants' attributions concerning the confederates. behavior than their own. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, as are the implications of these findings on interpersonal relations.

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31

Walter, Nathan, and Yariv Tsfati. "Interactive Experience and Identification as Predictors of Attributing Responsibility in Video Games." Journal of Media Psychology 30, no. 1 (January 2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000168.

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Abstract. This study examines the effect of interactivity on the attribution of responsibility for the character’s actions in a violent video game. Through an experiment, we tested the hypothesis that identification with the main character in Grand Theft Auto IV mediates the effect of interactivity on attributions of responsibility for the main character’s antisocial behavior. Using the framework of the fundamental attribution error, we demonstrated that those who actually played the game, as opposed to those who simply watched someone else playing it, identified with the main character. In accordance with the theoretical expectation, those who played the game and came to identify with the main character attributed the responsibility for his actions to external factors such as “living in a violent society.” By contrast, those who did not interact with the game attributed responsibility for the character’s actions to his personality traits. These findings could be viewed as contrasting with psychological research suggesting that respondents should have distanced themselves from the violent protagonist rather than identifying with him, and with Iyengar’s (1991) expectation that more personalized episodic framing would be associated with attributing responsibility to the protagonist.

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Harman, Gilbert. "XIV-Moral Philosophy Meets Social Psychology: Virtue Ethics and the Fundamental Attribution Error." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 99, no. 3 (January 1999): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9264.00062.

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33

O'Sullivan, Maureen. "The Fundamental Attribution Error in Detecting Deception: The Boy-Who-Cried-Wolf Effect." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29, no. 10 (October 2003): 1316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167203254610.

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Miller, Arthur G., William A. Ashton, and Mark Mishal. "Beliefs concerning the features of constrained behavior: A basis for the fundamental attribution error." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59, no. 4 (1990): 635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.4.635.

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35

Cowley, E. "Views From Consumers Next in Line: The Fundamental Attribution Error in a Service Setting." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092070304268627.

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36

김태익 and 박선웅. "Methodological Errors in Attitude Attribution Paradigm and Their Possible Consequences in Fundamental Attribution Error and Correspondence Bias: Biased Response and Reduced Confidence in Attitude Judgments." 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 32, no. 4 (November 2018): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2018.32.4.003.

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37

Stalder, Daniel R. "Competing roles for the subfactors of need for closure in committing the fundamental attribution error." Personality and Individual Differences 47, no. 7 (November 2009): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.005.

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38

Amarasingam, Amarnath. "To Err in their Ways: The Attribution Biases of the New Atheists." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 39, no. 4 (September 10, 2010): 573–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429810377404.

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The term ‘‘new atheism’’ has been given to the recent barrage of anti-religion and anti-God books written by Richard Dawkins (2006), Sam Harris (2004, 2008), Christopher Hitchens (2007), Daniel Dennett (2006), and others. This paper contends that one of the fundamental arguments put forth by the new atheists — that religion poisons everything or that religion is responsible for much of the evil in the world — falls victim to one of the best established theories of interpersonal and intergroup relations in social psychology: the fundamental attribution error. Insights gleaned from social psychology are especially useful for critiquing the new atheism. Instead of simply arguing that the new atheists ‘‘over-generalize,’’ social psychological studies on the nature of individual and group attribution provide the tools needed to launch a more substantive critique.

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39

Tukachinsky, Riva. "Playing a Bad Character but Endorsing a Good Cause: Actor-character Fundamental Attribution Error and Persuasion." Communication Reports 33, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08934215.2019.1691618.

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40

Shtudiner, Ze′ev, Galit Klein, and Jeffrey Kantor. "Who is responsible for economic failures? Self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error in political context." Quality & Quantity 51, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0307-9.

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41

McPherson, Mary B., and Stacy L. Young. "What students think when teachers get upset: Fundamental attribution error and student‐generated reasons for teacher anger." Communication Quarterly 52, no. 4 (September 2004): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463370409370206.

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42

Gollwitzer, Anton, and John A. Bargh. "Social Psychological Skill and Its Correlates." Social Psychology 49, no. 2 (March 2018): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000332.

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Abstract. In six studies (N = 1,143), we investigated social psychological skill – lay individuals’ skill at predicting social psychological phenomena (e.g., social loafing, attribution effects). Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated reliable individual differences in social psychological skill. In Studies 2, 3, and 4, attributes associated with decreased cognitive and motivational bias – cognitive ability, cognitive curiosity, and melancholy and introversion – predicted social psychological skill. Studies 4 and 5 confirmed that social psychological skill is distinct from other skills (e.g., test-taking skills, intuitive physics), and relates directly to reduced motivational bias (i.e., self-deception). In Study 6, social psychological skill related to appreciating the situational causes of another individual’s behavior – reduced fundamental attribution error. Theoretical and applied implications are considered.

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Atran, Scott. "Martyrdom's would-be myth buster." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 4 (August 2014): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003555.

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AbstractLankford overgeneralizes individual psychology from limited, fragmentary and doubtful materials, and underplays strategic, ideological, and group dynamical factors. His speculative claims manifest a form of fundamental attribution error: the tendency – especially evident in popular attachment to moral presumptions of individual responsibility and volition – to overestimate effects of personality and underestimate situational effects in explaining social behavior. The book's appeal may owe more to ideological preference than to interests of science or national security.

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Ma-Kellams, Christine. "Cultural Variation and Similarities in Cognitive Thinking Styles Versus Judgment Biases: A Review of Environmental Factors and Evolutionary Forces." Review of General Psychology 24, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 238–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089268019901270.

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Cultural psychological research has compellingly demonstrated that reliable East-West differences exist in basic cognitive styles: in contrast to the analytic, focal, linear thinking prevalent in the West, East Asians prefer to engage in more holistic, contextual, and intuitive thinking. However, despite the consensus on these cultural differences in thinking style, the literature on cross-cultural variation in actual cognitive biases is far more equivocal. The Fundamental Attribution Error (and by extension the Ultimate Attribution Error) has received the most attention among cognitive biases in the cultural arena; multiple studies have shown both evidence for cultural differences and evidence for universality. Similarly equivocal findings have emerged for other cognitive biases like the hindsight bias, positive illusions, and social exchange. Error Management Theory offers to reconcile this paradox of why consistent variation in thinking style do not necessarily lead to similarly consistent differences in cognitive biases; different mechanisms drive preferences (i.e., for how to think) versus actual behaviors (i.e., involving judgments/decisions). While different features of the physical environment likely gave rise to differences in preferences, pressures from the social environment likely pushed cognitive processing in common judgment tasks (like inferring another person’s mind or one’s own) in similar directions.

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45

Gawronski, Bertram. "Theory-based bias correction in dispositional inference: The fundamental attribution error is dead, long live the correspondence bias." European Review of Social Psychology 15, no. 1 (January 2004): 183–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463280440000026.

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Beukel, Erik. "The fundamental attribution error in the cold war: American perceptions of the Soviet Union as a nuclear superpower." Arms Control 13, no. 3 (December 1992): 396–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440389208403999.

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47

Davenport, Matthew S., Shokoufeh Khalatbari, and Joel F. Platt. "Human- Versus System-Level Factors and Their Effect on Electronic Work List Variation: Challenging Radiology’s Fundamental Attribution Error." Journal of the American College of Radiology 12, no. 9 (September 2015): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2015.03.035.

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48

Fiore, Robert. "The Entrepreneurs Random Walk." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 3 (April 30, 2012): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i3.6957.

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The issues of entrepreneurial ex-ante determination and managerial intent are discussed as applied to the ex-post organizational result. Possible errors in over-attribution of success to the celebrity-entrepreneur and the tendency to disregard the impact of endogenous market conditions, randomness on success due to creative destruction free-market mechanisms are discussed.Humans inherently look for correlation as correlations produce useful knowledge. Specifically, investors seek to create cause-effect knowledge in order to enhance returns. Students and researchers of business also attempt to tie causation to effects. Fundamental attribution error psychology posits a tendency to over-weight personality-based explanations and under-value situational factors when assessing what factors are responsible for the ex-post-facto outcome of an organization. In the field of entrepreneurship, this trait of human psychology may manifest in the tendency to credit the leader him/herself of a successful organization vis-a-vis more important external factors which contributed to success such as the temporal status of market demand conditions.The existence of fundamental attribution error may likewise lead to over-weight emphasis of a leaders input to organizational failure, however, the sample of entrepreneurs linked to successful organizations is self-selected as the unsuccessful entrepreneurs are usually not locatable. Therefore, stakeholders show strong tendencies to link the focus-entrepreneur with a resultant successful enterprise. This tendency is observable in the general culture as most students of entrepreneurship believe the knowledge and actions of Ray Kroc were a prime factor in the economic success of McDonalds. The question explored within the present study is to what extent is such ex-post-facto success attributable to the ex-ante entrepreneurial intent appropriate?Most people familiar with business strongly identify; Steve Jobs with Apple, Thomas Watson with IBM, Dave Thomas with Wendys, Bill Gates with Microsoft, Howard Schultz with Starbucks, Harland Sanders with KFC, and Fred Smith with FedEX. Instructors of entrepreneurship teach with these stories. More importantly, researchers of entrepreneurship use these leaders and their associated knowledge and behavior as independent variables when regressing these variables onto the ex-post dependent outcome of the organization. The investing and finance community also correlate these success story celebrity-entrepreneurs with the resulting rate of return on equity. This paper explores a series of archive-based recollections of the entrepreneurs ex-ante thoughts to demonstrate that many legendary-business entrepreneurs did not expect the organizations extraordinary rates of growth and the ex-post-facto market successes. Hence, cause-effect attribution questions arise.One important research question addressed within is; if the entrepreneur did not know of, or expect growth before the growth, then the resulting growth may not be fully attributed to the person as valid intent. More generally, then to what extent can the resulting organizational success be attributed to the identified behavior of entrepreneurship? Are the successes normally attributed to individual-entrepreneurs really organizational successes or even random-walk phenomenon? Are fundamental attribution errors over-weighing the construct of entrepreneurship and obscuring other, organizational-based, effective causes of economic success?The rise of the media-driven, celebrity-entrepreneur leads to a recent strengthening of attribution of organizational success to that leader. Conclusions within the current study lead to a more distinct focus on the time-limited tasks of entrepreneurship that are very limited in proportional impact to a firms total life-span and resulting economic value. We then can attribute much more of the resulting economic value to the impact of organizational dynamics and organizational development.

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49

Brookes, Andrew. "A critique of neo-Hahnian outdoor education theory. Part two: “The fundamental attribution error” in contemporary outdoor education discourse." Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning 3, no. 2 (January 2003): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14729670385200311.

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Jouffre, Stéphane, and Jean-Claude Croizet. "Empowering and legitimizing the fundamental attribution error: Power and legitimization exacerbate the translation of role-constrained behaviors into ability differences." European Journal of Social Psychology 46, no. 5 (July 7, 2016): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2191.

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