Academic literature on the topic 'Fundamental Objectives'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fundamental Objectives"
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Kozlovskaya, I. B. "Fundamental and applied objectives of investigation in dry immersion." Human Physiology 36, no. 7 (December 2010): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0362119710070108.
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Pedron, Cristiane Drebes, Winnie Ng Picoto, Gurpreet Dhillon, and Mário Caldeira. "Value-focused objectives for CRM system adoption." Industrial Management & Data Systems 116, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 526–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-01-2015-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to define objectives for Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system adoption. The objectives provide a theoretical basis for strategizing about CRM system adoption. The objectives also provide managers to clearly direct CRM system adoption, thus ensuring a highly successful outcome. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a sequential multi-method research in Europe. The initial qualitative phase constituted 62 in-depth interviews. Using Keeney’s (1992) value-focused thinking approach, the authors defined 102 CRM system adoption objectives. Quantitative purification techniques, using a sample of 210 organisations, a more parsimonious set of objectives were developed. The complete set of objectives were classified into fundamental and means objectives. Findings – Results present three fundamental and three means objectives. These objectives allow for successful CRM system adoption. The three fundamental objectives are: maximise CRM organisational culture; ensure an effective relationship with CRM providers; and minimise CRM project risks. The three means objectives are: maximise CRM usage, maximise relational marketing capabilities, maximise CRM orientation. Practical implications – This study provides strategic objectives that can be used by companies to plan adoption of a CRM system. Hence the fundamental and means objectives take the form a strategic planning template. Originality/value – Although technology adoption has been well researched and has also been extended to address CRM systems, the focus has largely been behavioural. The strategic objectives for CRM system adoption, presented in this paper, are novel. Objectives enable decision making and resource planning. The combination of fundamental and means objectives provide a theoretical basis for ensuring successful CRM system adoption.
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Wang, Eric T. G., His-Yin Yeh, and James J. Jiang. "The relative weights of Internet shopping fundamental objectives: Effect of lifestyle differences." Psychology and Marketing 23, no. 5 (2006): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.20116.
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Hayat, Zafar. "Pakistan’s Monetary Policy: Some Fundamental Issues." Pakistan Development Review 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v56i1pp.31-58.
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Over the last three decades, the landmark transformation of central banks from secrecy to openness and transparency has significantly enhanced their performance to successfully anchor inflation expectations and achieve price stability. The extent of such a transformation of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), especially in terms of statutory objectives, monetary policy mandate, conflicts of interest, disclosures, and dissemination of effective public economic information is assessed vis-à-vis the current popular central banking practices. The assessment indicates that the SBP is yet to be transformed to be able to achieve price stability which is a cornerstone for the achievement of sustainable economic growth. On the statutory front, such a transformation requires amending the SBP Act 1956, in line with the statutes for the best monetary policy frameworks by; (1) making price stability as the overriding objective of the SBP; (2) putting in place a clear mechanism for its accountability against price stability, consistent inflation targets, and; (3) elimination of the cushion for government‘s involvement with the monetary policy decision making processes. Some of the other areas like, institutional capacity building of the SBP, in terms of the relevance and level of the academic qualification, research profiles, and experiences of the Board, higher as well as lower tier management need special attention. Such transformations may not only enhance assimilation, creation, sharing, and funnelling of existing as well as new knowledge into monetary policy formulation, but may help change the static mindset at the SBP, hence allowing the institution to flourish. JEL Classification: E5, E52, E58 Keywords: Statutory Objectives, Conflicts of Interest, Disclosures, SBP
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Barrozo Manfré, Viviane, Michele da Silva Carlos, and Onaide Schwartz Mendonça. "A DOCÊNCIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL I: DESAFIOS E POSSIBILIDADES." COLLOQUIUM HUMANARUM 15, Especial 2 (December 1, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ch.2018.v15.nesp2.001072.
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The main objective of this work is to reflect on the theory-practice relationship in the classroom and to understand what it is to be a primary school teacher, the challenges and possibilities of teaching in this stage of Basic Education. Specific objectives are: to observe the teacher-student relationship; identify and analyze how the seven areas that make up the curriculum are worked out; observe and analyze the methodologies used in the educational practices, as well as the activities proposed by the teacher. Considering the objectives of this study, we will develop a qualitative research approach, and will use bibliographic research in theoretical material with the intention of conducting a survey of information and analysis about what it is to be a teacher of Elementary School I and what are the necessary knowledge to be teaching teacher Fundamental I.
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Vittal, N. "Corporate Governance: Principles and Objectives." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 2, no. 2 (July 1998): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629x98002002004.
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Corporate Governance provides the fundamental value framework for the culture of an organisation which ensures efficient functioning of enterprises on sound ethical values and principles. Corporate governance has become a necessity, especially since 1991, when India made a U-turn in its economic policy and the revised policy of the government was aimed at attracting funds from foreign financial institutions. The primary resonsibiity of good corporate governance is that of the Board of Directors. For better corporate governance the boards should perform the role of monitoring the functioning of an organisation, without at the same time reducing the effectiveness of the management by interfering with their day-to-day matters. One of the impediments in the way of good corporate governance is corruption. The three factors within any system which generate corruption are: scarcity, lack of transparency and delay. If these three problems are tackled effectively, corruption can be checked to a great extent. As far as public sector undertakings are concerned, the “Code of Conduct and Ethics” should facilitate the redesigning of the PSEs.
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Mishra, Sushma. "Organizational objectives for information security governance: a value focused assessment." Information & Computer Security 23, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-02-2014-0016.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop theoretically grounded and empirically derived organizational security governance (OSG) objectives. Developing organizational security governance (OSG) objectives pose significant challenges for organizations considering the ever-increasing vulnerability from lack of or misuse of appropriate controls. In recent years, there have been several cases of colossal losses to businesses due to inadequate security governance measure. In many cases, organizations do not even know as to what their ISG objectives might be. Following an extensive empirical study, this paper proposes 6 fundamental and 17 means objectives for designing security governance. The objectives were developed from individual values of information technology and security executives across a wide range of firms. The study comprised 52 interview respondents across 9 firms, which resulted in 23 OSG objectives. Theoretically, the study was grounded in Catton’s (1959) value theory and Keeney’s (1992) value-focused thinking. The objectives provide a useful basis for strategic planning for information security governance. Design/methodology/approach – This research is grounded in value-focused thinking methodology. Step 1: develop a comprehensive list of personal values underlying the problem being explored. The researcher undertakes extensive interviews, using relevant probes, to elicit underlying values of respondents. Step 2: change the values enlisted to a common form and convert them into objectives. The data collected in Step 1 is collated and presented in a common form, which enables cross-comparison and easy interpretation. Step 3: classify the objectives as means and fundamental for the decision context. Objectives are clustered into groups and then classified into fundamental and means. Findings – This study uses a value-focused approach to develop OSG objectives. Incorporating individual values in developing governance objectives would facilitate alignment of individual and organizational values about OSG. This study proposes 6 fundamental and 17 means objectives for OSG. The study provides a comprehensive list of OSG that is rooted in values of stakeholders in an organization. Originality/value – The main contributions study can be classified in two categories. First, it represents a collective set of OSG objectives which touch upon technical, formal, informal, moral and ethical dimensions of governance. This is a unique, synthesized and cohesive framework for OSG, which incorporates several aspects of OSG into one platform, thus allowing the development of a comprehensive security management program. Second, some of the objectives developed in this research (“establish corporate control strategy”, “establish punitive structure”, “establish clear control development process”, “ensure formal control assessment functionality” and “maximize group cohesiveness”) have not been emphasized enough in security governance literature.
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Wetzel, R. G. "Fundamental processes within natural and constructed wetland ecosystems: short-term versus long-term objectives." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0803.
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Use of wetland ecosystems for water pollution control consists essentially of sustained induced disturbances as pollutants are loaded to complex biological communities. Objectives are to maximize pollutant loading, incorporation, and retention while maintaining highest levels of community metabolism and minimal alteration of community structure. Several basic processes are emphasized: (a) macrophyte productivity in relation to shoot:root ratios, and nutrient availability; (b) macrophyte life history strategies, succession, and biodiversity under constant pollutant stress; (c) importance of standing dead and particulate detritus; (d) functions and controlling mechanisms of heterotrophic and autotrophic periphyton in pollutant retention and recycling; (e) coupling of microbial metabolism to macrophyte retention of pollutants; (f) gaseous losses to the atmosphere; (g) losses of dissolved organic matter and its utilization; and (h) water losses by evapotranspiration and effects on wetland efficacy. Short-term wetland removal efficiencies are confounded by massive variations in retentive capacities diurnally, seasonally, and spatially, in exceeding physiological tolerance levels, and in species succession. Problems of channelization, altered microhydrology, and assimilation/retention are major in natural and non-engineered ecosystems. Wetlands are highly ephemeral and variable in their capabilities for sequestering and retention of nutrients and other pollutants.
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Kustono, Alwan Sri. "TINJAUAN HISTORIS PENYUSUNAN RERANGKA KONSEPTUAL." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 8, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v8i2.1225.
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An accounting conceptual framework can be defined a coherent system of inter-related objectives and fundamentals that should lead to consistent standards that prescribe the nature, function and limits of financial accounting and financial statements.The main reasons for developing an agreed conceptual framework are that it providesa framework for setting accounting standards, a basis for resolving accounting disputes, and fundamental principles which then do not have to be repeated in accounting standards.
This article has outlined the history and nature of a accounting conceptual framework. The article showed this important area which is fundamental to understanding the whole process of developing accounting standards.
Key words: conceptual framwork, FASB, IASC, IFRS
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Tulcan, Aurel, Liliana Tulcan, and Daniel Stan. "CMM Design Based on Fundamental Design Principles." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.517.
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The paper presents an approach concerning the CMM design. The first stage of this research deals with the acquisition and the development of knowledge about the CMM design. The main mechanical design aspects to achieve a high positioning and measuring accuracy are presented and two main objectives are assigned: high repeatability (design for repeatability) and high predictability of the machine response to the main error sources (design for predictability). In the second stage of this research the dynamic errors states for this CMM design have been analyzed. In high-speed measuring processes dynamic errors will have a great influence on the accuracy. This study has been performed by using finite-element analysis (FEA) of the mechanical frame. The total deformation of the mechanical frame for different accelerations of the moving assemblies has been calculated. The major deflections at the probe position due to the accelerations are obtained by using FEA. These results give a prediction about the dynamic error of the CMM.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fundamental Objectives"
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Susarapu, Santa Ram. "ALIGNING SECURITY AND USABILITY OBJECTIVES FOR COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2866.
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With extensive use of information systems in day-to-day business operations, many organizations are facing challenges to develop robust computer-based information systems that are secure and widely used by the user community. In order to develop information systems that are secure and useful, understanding what stakeholders consider important and value about the security and usability is critical. Security refers to confidentiality, integrity and availability and usability refers to efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. Using Value Focused Thinking approach, this research first proposes the usability objectives based on the values of system developers and users. Using the security objectives proposed by Dhillon & Torkzadeh (2006) and the usability objectives, this research proposes hierarchies with the overall/over-arching goals of security (confidentiality, integrity, availability) and/or usability (efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction). This research also analyzes a case of computer hacking and identifies which of the security and usability objectives that have not been met in that case study. The research contributions which include the usability objectives and security and usability hierarchies can be useful for theoretical as well as practical purposes.
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Al-Karaeen, Fawaz. "CHARACTERIZING BATTLEFIELD HUMAN DECISION MAKING WITH VALUE FOCUSED THINKING AND RELIABILITY MODELING." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1158292180.
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Julin, Nyquist Kristina. "Samverkan vid ett akademiskt lärosäte : Mål och målstrukturer enligt värdefokuserat tänkande." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för datavetenskap och samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32333.
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Enligt högskolelagen ingår det i högskolors och universitets uppdrag, förutom utbildning och forskning, också att samverka med omgivande samhälle. Då samverkansuppdraget inte är lika väldefinierat som utbildnings- och forskningsuppdraget, finns det behov av en gemensam målbild mellan lärosäten och externa parter gällande vad man önskar uppnå med samverkan. Detta examensarbete undersöker vilka likheter och/eller skillnader som finns med avseende på de mål som extern part, forskare och lärare samt samverkansrådgivare har i de mål som ligger som grund för samverkan mellan ett universitet och externa parter. Det har genomförts nio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer från tre olika intressegrupper av samverkan: samverkansrådgivare på Linnéuniversitetet, lärare & forskare på Linnéuniversitetet samt externa intressenter. Värdefokuserat tänkande har använts som teoretisk referensram. Utifrån intervjuerna har de fundamentala och instrumentella målen konstruerats i en målstruktur för respektive informant. De fundamentala och instrumentella målen visar vad de olika informanterna har för värderingar kring samverkan och vilka mål de olika parterna önskar uppnå med att samverka med varandra. Fundamentala mål som förekom i flera av målstrukturerna var att bidra till nytta för samhället, att bidra till samhällsutvecklingen och att lösa gemensamma samhällsutmaningar. Ett instrumentellt mål som förekom i flera av målstrukturerna är vikten av att arbeta med studenter, då detta bidrog till att uppfylla de fundamentala målen att stärka kompetensförsörjningen i regionen och kom till nytta för samhällsutvecklingen. De instrumentella målen att arbeta med forskningsprojekt leder till att de fundamentala målen för ökad innovation och att lösa gemensamma samhällsutmaningar kan uppnås.According to the Higher Education Act, colleges and universities are required to, in addition to education and research, collaborate with the outside society. Since collaboration is not as clearly defined as education and the research assignment, there is a need for a common goal image about what you want to achieve with collaboration. This master’s degree thesis studies what similarities and/or differences an external part, researchers & teachers and senior advisor in collaboration, have as goals with collaboration between a university and external partners. Value-focused thinking is used as theoretic framework. The study consists of nine semi structured interviews from three different interest groups: senior advisors in collaboration from Linnaeus University, researchers & teachers from Linnaeus University and external partners. From the interviews fundamental objectives and means objectives were identified and structured into hierarchies and means-ends networks from each informant´s answers. The fundamental and means objectives show what similarities and differences the informants have for values concerning collaboration and what goals the different parties wish to achieve by collaborating with each other. Fundamental objectives that existed in several of the structures were to contribute to the benefit of society, to contribute to the development of society and to solve common social challenges. A means objective that existed in the goal structures is the importance of working with students, as working with students helped fulfil the fundamental objectives to strengthen the competence in the region and came to benefit the development of society. The means objectives in research were to contribute to the fundamental objectives in strengthen innovation and benefit by enabling to solve common societal challenges.
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He, Linxin. "Droits sociaux fondamentaux et Droit de l’Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D028/document.
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Dans les tempêtes actuelles des crises économique, migratoire et nationaliste, la consolidation de l’UE semble dépendre plus que jamais de son attachement réel à la démocratie, à l’État de droit, au respect de la dignité humaine et à sa dimension sociale. Si la fondation de l’UE à travers ces principes ne fait plus de doute aujourd’hui au regard de son droit primaire, leur signification, ou plus précisément leur application, paraît encore entachée de contradictions dans les pratiques des institutions européennes. L’application des droits sociaux fondamentaux constitue l’un des défis majeurs dans cette constellation. En effet, «l’Europe sera sociale ou ne sera pas». Cependant, bien que ces droits soient proclamés par l’UE et de nombreux ordres juridiques tant en Europe que dans le monde entier, ils restent souvent perçus comme des droits de la seconde zone par opposition aux droits civils et politiques. Pour expliquer et réagir à cette situation, notre thèse propose une analyse qui combine les aspects théorique et méthodologique du sujet. En adoptant une approche «concrétiste», nous tenterons de montrer que ces droits sont loin d’être les fruits d’une simple intention politique. Tout au contraire, ils ont vocation à structurer le Droit de l’UE : ils confèrent non seulement des droits subjectifs aux particuliers, mais forment aussi un système objectif de valeurs qui détermine le développement de ce DroitIn the present storms of economic, immigration and nationalist crises, it seems that the strengthening of the EU depends more than ever on its commitment to democracy, rule of law, respect for human dignity and its social dimension. If it is no longer doubtful that the EU is founded by these principles through its primary law, their signification – or more exactly their implementation – is still disturbed by the contradictions in the practices of European institutions. The implementation of fundamental social rights is one of the major challenges in this situation. Indeed, “Europe will be social or there shall be no Europe”. Although these rights are proclaimed by EU law and other legal systems in Europe and around the world, they are still treated as rights of a secondary zone, in contrast with civil and political rights. In order to study this contrast, my thesis proposes a theoretical and methodological approach. By using a “concretistic” method, this thesis would argue that these rights cannot be reduced to political declarations. On the contrary, they have the mission to structure EU law, since they not only vest individuals with rights, but also constitute an objective system of values which determines the development of EU law
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Karabelchtchikova, Olga. "Fundamentals of Mass Transfer in Gas Carburizing." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/424.
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"Gas carburizing is an important heat treatment process used for steel surface hardening of automotive and aerospace components. The quality of the carburized parts is determined by the hardness and the case depth required for a particular application. Despite its worldwide application, the current carburizing process performance faces some challenges in process control and variability. Case depth variability if often encountered in the carburized parts and may present problems with i) manufacturing quality rejections when tight tolerances are imposed or ii) insufficient mechanical properties and increased failure rate in service. The industrial approach to these problems often involves trial and error methods and empirical analysis, both of which are expensive, time consuming and, most importantly, rarely yield optimal solutions. The objective for this work was to develop a fundamental understanding of the mass transfer during gas carburizing process and to develop a strategy for the process control and optimization. The research methodology was based on both experimental work and theoretical developments, and included modeling the thermodynamics of the carburizing atmosphere with various enriching gasses, kinetics of mass transfer at the gas-steel interface and carbon diffusion in steel. The models accurately predict: 1) the atmosphere gas composition during the enriching stage of carburizing, 2) the kinetics of carbon transfer at the gas-steel surfaces, and 3) the carbon diffusion coefficient in steel for various process conditions and steel alloying. The above models and investigations were further combined to accurately predict the surface carbon concentration and the carbon concentration profile in the steel during the heat treatment process. Finally, these models were used to develop a methodology for the process optimization to minimize case depth variation, carburizing cycle time and total cycle cost. Application of this optimization technique provides a tradeoff between minimizing the case depth variation and total cycle cost and results in significant energy reduction by shortening cycle time and thereby enhancing carburizing furnace capacity."
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Nascimento, Filippe Augusto dos Santos. "A Dimens?o objetiva dos direitos fundamentais: conceito e sistematiza??o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13951.
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-05This paper is about the objective dimension of fundamental rights, aiming to present a concept well-designed for this dimension, and establish a systematic teaching of the subject, presenting the developments of this dimension of fundamental rights. The objective dimension of fundamental rights arises related to the idea of linking the state of fundamental rights, transforming these rights as the foundation and purpose of the state. It is distinguished from that perspective of the subjective dimension of fundamental rights, which includes the fundamental rights in an individual-state relationship. Under the subjective prism, rights are seen as limits required by the individual, the state intervention in the lives of individuals. A new dimension goes beyond the perspective of the rights of the individual as a mere resistance in the face of the state, assigning those rights also an active mission, which generates a series of legal repercussions. These developments or "effectiveness" the objective dimension are studied. The first consists of Binding Effectiveness, and demonstrated a new respect for fundamental rights within the state structure, which creates concepts such as "linkage of state functions fundamental rights" and "state s duty to protect". There is also the Radiant Effectiveness in which are examined topics such as the "constitutionalization of Law" and the "application of fundamental rights to particular relationships". Studies are still Procedure Effectiveness, in the case of "objectification of the mechanisms of protection of fundamental rights" and "opening of the processes of state protection of fundamental rights to public participation"
O presente trabalho trata da dimens?o objetiva dos direitos fundamentais, tendo como meta apresentar um conceito bem delineado para essa dimens?o, bem como estabelecer uma sistematiza??o did?tica do assunto, apresentando os desdobramentos dessa dimens?o dos direitos fundamentais. A dimens?o objetiva dos direitos fundamentais surge atrelada ? id?ia de vincula??o do Estado aos direitos fundamentais, transformando esses direitos em fundamento e finalidade do Estado. Distingue-se tal perspectiva da dimens?o subjetiva dos direito fundamentais, que compreende os direitos fundamentais em uma rela??o indiv?duo-Estado. Sob o prisma subjetivo, os direitos s?o vistos como limites, exig?veis pelo pr?prio indiv?duo, ? interven??o estatal na vida dos particulares. A dimens?o, ora apresentada, vai al?m da perspectiva dos direitos como mera resist?ncia do indiv?duo em face do Estado, atribuindo a tais direitos tamb?m uma miss?o ativa, o que gera uma s?rie de repercuss?es jur?dicas. S?o estudados esses desdobramentos ou efic?cias da dimens?o objetiva. O primeiro consiste na Efic?cia Vinculante, sendo demonstrada uma nova rela??o dos direitos fundamentais dentro da estrutura estatal, o que gera conceitos como o de vincula??o das fun??es estatais aos direitos fundamentais e dever estatal de tutela . H? tamb?m a abordagem da Efic?cia Irradiante, em que s?o apreciados temas como o da constitucionaliza??o do Direito e o da aplica??o dos direitos fundamentais ?s rela??es particulares . Estuda-se ainda a Efic?cia Processual, tratando-se da objetiva??o dos mecanismos de tutela dos direitos fundamentais e da abertura dos processos estatais de tutela dos direitos fundamentais ? participa??o p?blica
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Bonifay, Emmanuelle. "Le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle et le droit international privé : contribution à l'édification d'un espace de liberté, sécurité et justice." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1079.
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Déclaré « pierre angulaire » de la coopération judiciaire en matière civile au sein de l’ELSJ, le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle est devenu un véritable leitmotiv de la construction du droit international privé européen. Venu du marché intérieur, il est utilisé de deux façons : d’une part dans les règlements européens qui, posant le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle des décisions judiciaires, tentent de parvenir à une suppression généralisée de la procédure d’exequatur, et d’autre part dans la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union qui utilise cette notion pour corriger les entraves causées par les règles nationales de conflit de lois à la libre circulation des citoyens, en énonçant un véritable principe de reconnaissance mutuelle des situations. Ces entraves sont notamment constituées en cas d’atteinte au principe de continuité des situations juridiques personnelles et familiales qui composent l’identité des citoyens de l’Union. Vecteur de nouvelles orientations dans les objectifs du DIP, ce principe exerce donc une influence certaine sur la mise en oeuvre des règles nationales de droit international privé en présence de situations qui concernent les citoyens de l’Union européenne, au soutien de leur libre circulation. L’heure est donc venue de s’interroger sur l’aptitude de ce principe à être combiné avec le rôle traditionnellement dévolu à la règle de conflit de lois. Loin d’envisager de manière concurrente le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle et le droit international privé au sein de l’ELSJ, l’étude de leur interaction devrait se clore par leur conciliation, afin de réassigner au DIP son rôle traditionnel qui est d’assurer la coordination des législationsThe principle of mutual recognition was declared «corner stone» of the judiciary cooperation in the field of civil matters within the space of security and justice, and has become a real leitmotiv of the construction of European international private law.Directly derived from the internal market, this principle is used in two ways: first, the European regulations establishing the principle of mutual recognition of judiciary decisions aim at a general deletion of the exequatur procedure ; second, the European court of Justice uses this principle in its case law and has established a real principle of mutual recognition of situations in order to correct hindrances caused by national laws ruling conflict of laws upon people’s freedom of movement.Those hindrances are partly constituted in case of infringement to the principle of continuity of personal legal and family situations of the citizens of the European Union, which constitutes their identity.Driver of new approaches in respect of the objectives of international private law, the principle exert an influence on the implementation of national rules of international private law with respect in situations concerning citizens within the European Union, in support of their freedom of movement.In this view, time has come to examine the capability of this principle to be combined with the traditional role played by the rule of conflict of laws.Far from opposing the principle of mutual recognition and the international private law within the ELSJ, the study of their interaction should be examined through a conciliation spectrum in order to reassign international private law with its traditional role (coordinating legislation)
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Danova, Maria. "La dimension objective des droits fondamentaux européens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA003.
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La dimension objective représente l’une des principales théories d’interprétation des droits fondamentaux en Allemagne. Peu connue en dehors de son cadre national, elle se déploie toutefois au niveau européen et en particulier dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne, sans être pensée en tant que telle. La présente étude vise à analyser cette conception à l’échelle européenne à travers ses caractéristiques essentielles dégagées à partir du droit allemand, et mettre en évidence l’influence de ce dernier sur le droit européen. La dimension objective se présente ainsi comme une interprétation téléologique et totale, qui indexe la protection des droits sur des valeurs politiques et morales, et assure leur rayonnement au sein mais aussi à travers les ordres juridiques. Si elle constitue un point d’orgue dans la sophistication de la théorie des droits, elle emporte néanmoins le risque de relativiser ces derniers dans leur fonction subjective de protection des libertés individuellesThe objective dimension is one of the main theories of the interpretation of fundamental rights in Germany. Although relatively unknown outside its national context, it exerts an influence at a European level, especially in case-law in the European Court of Human Rights, without being regarded as such. The present study aims to analyze this approach of rights at a European scale through its main characteristics drawn from German law, as well as to highlight the influence of the latter on European law. The objective dimension appears to be a teleological and total interpretation that establishes the protection of rights on certain political and moral values, and ensures their radiating effect within but also through legal systems. If it is a breakthrough in the elaboration of the theory of rights, it also carries the risk of weakening these same rights in their subjective function which is to protect personal freedom
Bonjour Sophie, Madame Danova a déposé un nouveau contrat ce 10/09/2015. Le rôle FICH est à modifier. Merci d'avance Suzanne
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Costa, Maria Manuela Dias da. "O despedimento colectivo." Master's thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1298.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Solicitadoria.A compreensão do enquadramento constitucional da figura do despedimento colectivo acompanhou a discussão em torno do conceito de “justa causa”, nas suas várias interpretações, no ordenamento jurídico português. Por conseguinte, este conceito integra o princípio da segurança no emprego, que se traduz num conjunto de valores de protecção dos trabalhadores. No entanto, é necessário harmonizar este princípio com um outro de âmbito constitucional que interfere na lógica da manutenção e criação do emprego: a liberdade de iniciativa económica privada. Para garantia da protecção dos trabalhadores em caso de despedimento colectivo tornou-se necessário regulamentar esta matéria. A construção de uma noção que define as situações que configuram o despedimento colectivo, bem com o procedimento necessário para efectivação do mesmo e os instrumentos necessários ao alcance do trabalhador para contestar eventuais despedimentos ilícitos, são os meios que garantem, efectivamente, a possibilidade de existir um equilíbrio na relação entre empregador e trabalhador.
The understanding of the constitutional framework of collective redundancy, which accompanied the discussion around the concept of "due cause" in its various interpretations in the Portuguese legal system. Therefore, this concept incorporates the principle of job security, which results into a set of protection values for the of workers. However, it is necessary to harmonize this principle with another constitutional framework that interferes with the logic of maintaining and creating employment: the freedom of private economic initiative. To ensure the protection of employees in the event of collective redundancies, it has become necessary to regulate this matter. The construction of a concept that defines situations that constitute collective redundancies , as well as the necessary procedure to implement them, and provide the worker with the necessary tools to challenge any unlawful dismissals , are the means that effectively ensure the possibility granting an equilibrium in the relationship between employer and employee.
Orientação: Prof. Doutor Francisco Xavier Liberal Fernandes.
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Pereira, Laiz Alcântara. "O DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À MOTIVAÇÃO DA RESCISÃO CONTRATUAL TRABALHISTA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2706.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-01The present study aims to address the dismission motivated in employment contract as the result of systemic hermeneutic national and international rules , in particular the core principle of human dignity of the worker.Defend the validity and applicability of ILO Convention 158 ; recognition of Article 7 , I, of the Constitution as a fundamental right of immediate application , subjective and horizontal effect ; and the incidence of the principle of the social function of work and objective good faith and its attachments duties of conduct as duty of cooperation , loyalty, solidarity and information as a basis for the employer s motivation when the labor contract termination.Following this hermeneutics maintain that no longer exists potestative the right to dismiss the employer but in reverse , in the balance between free enterprise and private property versus social value of labor, property and contract, among others; the fundamental right of the worker to the motivation of his termination prevails.
O presente estudo visa abordar a dispensa motivada trabalhista como fruto de hermenêutica sistêmica normativa nacional e internacional, em especial com fulcro no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana do trabalhador. Defendemos a vigência e aplicabilidade da Convenção 158 da OIT; o reconhecimento do artigo 7º, I, da Constituição Federal como direito fundamental de aplicação imediata, eficácia subjetiva e horizontal; e a incidência do princípio da função social do trabalho e da boa-fé objetiva e seus deveres anexos de conduta como dever de colaboração, lealdade, solidariedade e informação como fundamentos para a motivação patronal quando da rescisão contratual trabalhista.Decorrente desta hermenêutica, defendemos que não mais subsiste o direito potestativo de dispensar do empregador mas ao reverso, na ponderação entre livre iniciativa e propriedade privada versus valor social do trabalho, da propriedade e do contrato, dentre outros; a prevalência do direito fundamental do trabalhador à motivação de sua rescisão contratual.
Books on the topic "Fundamental Objectives"
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Pursuing excellence in higher education: Eight fundamental challenges. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004.
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Back to basics: Fundamental educational questions reexamined. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1995.
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Mattia, Joselena Santos Di. Além da crise do ensino brasileiro, ou, Ampla didática fundamental. Niterói [Brazil]: Universidade Federal Fluminense, EDUFF-Editora Universitária, 1991.
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Crowley, William A. Renewing professional librarianship: A fundamental rethinking. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited, 2008.
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Renewing professional librarianship: A fundamental rethinking. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited, 2008.
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Lorenzo, Albert L. A framework for fundamental change in the community college: Creating a culture of responsiveness. Warren, MI: Macomb Press, Macomb Community College, 1994.
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Lorenzo, Albert L. A framework for fundamental change in the community college: Creating a culture of responsiveness. Warren, MI: Macomb Press, Institute for Future Studies at Macomb Community College, 1994.
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Pea, Roy D. Mechanisms for facilitating a vital and dynamic education system: Fundamental roles for education science and technology. [Washington, D.C.?: Technology Assessment Office, 1987.
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Pea, Roy D. Mechanisms for facilitating a vital and dynamic education system: Fundamental roles for education science and technology. Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fundamental Objectives"
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Corbin, T. E. "Large Fundamental and Global Transit Circle Catalogs." In Astronomical and Astrophysical Objectives of Sub-Milliarcsecond Optical Astrometry, 35–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0069-4_7.
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Goncharov, G. A. "Current Fundamental System Errors and Post-Hipparcos Utilization of Ground-Based Optical Instruments." In Astronomical and Astrophysical Objectives of Sub-Milliarcsecond Optical Astrometry, 404. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0069-4_104.
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Dupraz, C. "Adequate design of control treatments in long term agroforestry experiments with multiple objectives." In Agroforestry for Sustainable Land-Use Fundamental Research and Modelling with Emphasis on Temperate and Mediterranean Applications, 35–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0679-7_2.
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Marwedel, Peter. "Evaluation and Validation." In Embedded Systems, 239–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60910-8_5.
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AbstractDuring the design procedure, we have to check repeatedly whether or not the system under design is likely to perform its function and to satisfy all relevant design objectives. This is the purpose of validations and evaluations which must be performed during the design process. This chapter starts with a presentation of techniques for the evaluation of (partial) designs with respect to objectives. In particular, we consider (worst case) execution time, quality of results, thermal behavior, and dependability as objectives. We provide an introduction into fundamental techniques for computing the worst case execution time. Examples of energy models will be presented in order to demonstrate the need for an adjustment of the level of model details to the particular application at hand. Thermal modeling is reduced to the problem of equivalent electrical modeling. With respect to dependability, an introduction to statistical models of reliability as well as an introduction to fault trees are included. As a means for relating results for the different objectives against each other, we introduce the concept of Pareto optimality. This chapter closes with hints regarding validation techniques, including simulation, rapid prototyping, and formal verification.
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Singh, Vishal. "Developing BIM Thinking: Fundamental Objectives and Characteristics of BIM to Think Critically About in BIM Research and Implementation." In Product Lifecycle Management Enabling Smart X, 766–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62807-9_60.
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Blokland, Peter J., and Genserik L. Reniers. "The Concepts of Risk, Safety, and Security: A Fundamental Exploration and Understanding of Similarities and Differences." In The Coupling of Safety and Security, 9–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47229-0_2.
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Abstract When discussing the concepts of risk, safety, and security, people have an intuitive understanding of what these concepts mean and to a certain level, this understanding is universal. However, when delving into the meaning of the words and concepts in order to fully understand all their aspects, one is likely to fall into a semantic debate and ontological discussions. As such, this chapter explores the similarities and differences behind the perceptions to come to a fundamental understanding of the concepts, proposing a common semantic and ontological ground for safety and security science, introducing a definition of objectives as a central starting point in the study and management of risk, safety, and security.
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Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Laurent Doyen, and Rohit Singh. "On Memoryless Quantitative Objectives." In Fundamentals of Computation Theory, 148–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22953-4_13.
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Kranidiotis, Yannos. "The Fundamental Objectives of Greek Foreign Policy." In Contemporary Greece and Europe, 31–36. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315187396-2.
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Hijmans, Hielke. "Article 1 Subject-matter and objectives." In The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0003.
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The protection of natural persons in relation to the processing of personal data is a fundamental right. Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’) and Article 16(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provide that everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning him or her.
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Mak, Vanessa. "Objectives and Values." In Legal Pluralism in European Contract Law, 75–93. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854487.003.0004.
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This chapter delves into the substantive values that underlie contract and consumer law in the EU. It shows that lawmaking in European contract and consumer law is embedded within the ordoliberal ideology on which the EU internal market was founded, yet is shaped not only by economic rights but also by social rights. Those rights have a basis in Articles 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), which ground European cooperation in the common pursuit of a ‘highly competitive social market economy’ — social justice, equality, amongst other values and objectives. While the balance between economic and social rights in this area is in flux, the EU Treaties in combination with secondary legislation, case law, and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights circumscribe a framework of shared values and objectives within which a substantive deliberation between lawmaking actors can take place. The chapter argues, therefore, that the EU legal order has a normative basis that enables legal pluralist perspectives on lawmaking to go beyond procedural approaches.
Conference papers on the topic "Fundamental Objectives"
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"FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES OF SUPPORTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-2-10/13.
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Talnikar, Chaitanya, Qiqi Wang, and Gregory M. Laskowski. "Unsteady Adjoint of Pressure Loss for a Fundamental Transonic Turbine Vane." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56689.
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High fidelity simulations, e.g., large eddy simulation are often needed for accurately predicting pressure losses due to wake mixing and boundary layer development in turbomachinery applications. An unsteady adjoint of high fidelity simulations is useful for design optimization in such aerodynamic applications. In this paper we present unsteady adjoint solutions using a large eddy simulation model for a vane from VKI using aerothermal objectives. The unsteady adjoint method is effective in capturing the gradient for a short time interval aerothermal objective, whereas the method provides diverging gradients for long time-averaged thermal objectives. As the boundary layer on the suction side near the trailing edge of the vane is turbulent, it poses a challenge for the adjoint solver. The chaotic dynamics cause the adjoint solution to diverge exponentially from the trailing edge region when solved backwards in time. This results in the corruption of the sensitivities obtained from the adjoint solutions. An energy analysis of the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes adjoint equations indicates that adding artificial viscosity to the adjoint equations can dissipate the adjoint energy while potentially maintain the accuracy of the adjoint sensitivities. Analyzing the growth term of the adjoint energy provides a metric for identifying the regions in the flow where the adjoint term is diverging. Results for the vane from simulations performed on the Titan supercomputer are demonstrated.
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Prica, Marija, Marija Ilic, and Jovan Ilic. "On the fundamental importance of relating operating and planning objectives in the changing electric power industry." In 2009 North American Power Symposium - NAPS. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2009.5483998.
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Yoshimura, Masataka. "Fundamental Concepts for Product Designs Based on Pareto Optimum Solutions." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47247.
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This paper proposes fundamental concepts for goal-defined product designs, and practical methodologies for achieving optimal designs based these concepts. Also emphasized are the functions and significance of Pareto optimum solution sets in multi-objective optimizations during the execution of the proposed methodologies. Three main concepts for product design optimization are presented. First, the goal of the product design optimization is specified to obtain the best harmony of related (and often conflicting) characteristics, where Pareto optimum solution sets represent this harmony and more preferable degrees of harmony cause an increase in social profit. Second, to obtain design solutions that maximize the desired harmony, deeper level characteristics in the design optimization problem are derived based on simplification or decomposition of the usual surface level characteristics, and optimizations are initiated from these deeper levels where the most important and influential aspects of the design problems are easiest to recognize. The third concept entails the use of collaboration with specialist experts concerning the product characteristics, focusing on Pareto optimum solution sets obtained in deeper level optimizations, so that these experts can facilitate the development of more preferable results based on their own ideas and knowledge. The interrelationships between the second and third concepts are described and used to obtain globally optimal design solutions that have the highest degree of harmony for the required product design objectives. The proposed concepts and methodologies for product design optimizations are demonstrated using certain designs for articulated robots.
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Riaz, Amir, Yildiray Cinar, and Hamdi Tchelepi. "Modeling Unstable Flow Dynamics in Porous Media Associated With CO2 Sequestration." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66986.
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Multiphase flow in porous media is fundamentally a microscopic process that governs the behavior of geologic scale processes. The application of existing (standard) macroscopic models to problems of geologic scale multiphase flow has proved to be unsatisfactory within a wide range of governing parameters. Our objective is to develop the missing link between the fundamental physics of multiphase flow at the pore-scale and the phenomenological representation of dynamic behaviors across a hierarchy of geologic scales. An essential prerequisite to such an analysis is a qualitative understanding of the flow behavior in terms of flow structures that exist for various parameter combination within the regime of CO2 sequestration. An experimental study addressing these objectives is presented. Experiments are carried out at the laboratory scale in a vertical glass-bead pack, in the parameter range of sequestration flows. Experimental results are interpreted with the help of invasion percolation models.
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Lee, C., and S. Salapaka. "Optimal-Control Methods for Design of Two-Degree-Freedom Systems for Nanopositioning." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2784.
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This paper presents, reviews, compares, and analyzes optimal-control methods for designing two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) control laws for nanopositioning. The different methods are motivated by various practical scenarios and difficulty in achieving simultaneously multiple performance objectives of resolution, bandwidth, and robustness by tuning-based or shaping-of-open-loop-plants based designs. In this context, we study fundamental trade-offs between these performance objectives in 2DOF control designs for nanopositioning systems. In particular, in terms of the trade-offs, our analysis shows that the primary role of feedback is providing robustness to the closed-loop device whereas the feedforward component is mainly effective in overcoming fundamental algebraic constraints that limit the feedback-only designs. Experimental results indicate substantial improvements (over 200% in bandwidth) when compared to optimal feedback-only controllers.
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Eto, Hiroaki, Chiaki Sato, Koichi Masuda, Tomoki Ikoma, Tomoyuki Kishida, and Mitsuru Kubota. "Fundamental Study on Elastic Behavior of Large-Scale Floating Coal Stockyard." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54958.
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This paper proposes a large-scale floating coal stockyard (LFCS) and discusses its elastic behavior. Indonesia has recently become the main country supplying coal in the Asia-Pacific region. However, there is concern that export to Japan will decrease as coal demand increases. Therefore, the trend of coal transport in Indonesia is a very important matter in ensuring the continued stable import of coal to Japan. It is difficult for bulk carriers to traverse the shallow terrain of the seabed of the Markham River in East Kalimantan to reach coastal areas. Additionally, an LFCS can be operated as a relay base for barges, and large coal carriers have been proposed for use in offshore areas. The LFCS is capable of loading, storing, and offloading coal. Installing an LFCS offshore Kalimantan is expected to improve coal transport productivity in the region. Under such circumstances, the design plan proposed in this paper can simultaneously perform independent loading and unloading without interference. The partial mass distribution and local rigidity of the LFCS varies depending on the coal loading conditions. In addition, because the structure has a planar shape, the response of the LFCS showed elastic behavior. Design example of such a huge floating structure with the great difference of the displacement is unparalleled, it is very important to clarify a design fundamental subject. The objectives of this study are to provide a preliminary LFCS design and investigate the impact of varying the mass distribution and local rigidity on not only the distribution of the distortion and internal stress but also on the dynamic hydroelastic motion of the LFCS when it is impacted by waves. Therefore, the wave response of the LFCS was analyzed under different loading conditions.
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Canfield, Stephen L., Daniel L. Chlarson, Alexander Shibakov, Joseph D. Richardson, and Anupam Saxena. "A Study of Conditions That Affect the Distribution of Compliance in Compliant Mechanisms." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49939.
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Researchers in the field of optimal synthesis of compliant mechanisms have been working to develop design tools that yield distributed compliant devices from a continuum design domain. However, it has been demonstrated in the literature that much of this work has resulted in mechanisms that localize compliance rather than distribute it as desired. Inaccurate representation of the stiffness or strain energy due to the existence of point flexures in the mechanism was identified as the cause of this behavior by early researchers. To eliminate this cause, several approaches have been tried to improve the design of distributed mechanisms, for example additional constraints on the optimization process, alternate parameterization techniques that avoid point flexures and additional objective functions evaluated as Pareto sets. In this paper, the authors further investigate the fundamental reasons for the prevalence of lumped designs. Representative simple compliant mechanisms are investigated analytically and numerically and the influence of various additional objectives on the final design is evaluated. To extrapolate these results to more complex mechanisms, examples are constructed that show evidence that a preference remains for lumped compliance, despite the countermeasures that have been applied. Pareto compatibility analysis developed by the authors is used to analyze the influence of various objectives on the distributive nature of the final design. These conditions that influence the distribution of compliance fall into two basic categories: those specific to the numerical methods applied and those of purely mechanical (i.e. fundamental) nature. This work will examine conditions of the latter type and will demonstrate that such a preference for lumped compliance exists. This preference is shown to be contained in the classic objectives; flexibility and stiffness. Based on these results, greater insight into the optimization process is gained and applied to improve the search for distributed compliant mechanisms.
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Masuda, Koichi, Tomoki Ikoma, Mitsuhiro Masuda, and Kazuki Murata. "Fundamental Research on the Behaviors of Floating Vessels Moored to Floating Piers in Tsunami." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11051.
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Tsunami disasters of floating vessels moored to a quay are complex, such as breaking of the mooring lines and then drifting and collision of floating vessels. There was an example in which a mooring tether of a ship moored to a floating pier did not break in the damage of tsunami. This was confirmed in Shiogama Harbor in Miyagi Prefecture during the East Japan great earthquake which occurred on March 11, 2011. The objectives of this paper are to clarify the effect of reducing mooring tether force in the case of a ship moored to a floating pier, by means of the 3D-MPS method, as well as the advantages of a floating pier for a fixed mooring quay. In addition, in this paper the authors discuss the following items: 1) force of a tsunami wave on the piles of a floating pier; and 2) response characteristics for various incidence angles. Also, we propose measures to prevent drift of a floating pier in tsunami. Finally, these results are used for development of a floating pier for prevention of a vessel being washed away by tsunami.
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Bade, Mehar, Vince Meyers, Eric Suits, Anthony F. Mannarino, and Jayaram Subramanian. "Enginuity’s Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System Part 1: Fundamental Design & Performance Evaluation of Residential Engine System." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-64122.
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Abstract The development of highly compact and energy-efficient systems is critical for world energy security and technology leadership. Due to the abundance of natural gas, the natural gas fueled distributed energy systems that lower the energy consumption and utility costs would be ideal in the U.S. as well as worldwide markets. To meet these objectives, researchers from Enginuity Power Systems (EPS) are currently working on the development of an ultra-efficient Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system for residential and commercial applications. These CHP systems generate electricity at the point of use while also meeting the space and water heating demands. Furthermore, a single CHP system replaces the conventional electricity generator, space, and water heating systems in residential and commercial applications. The main technical objective of this research article is the demonstration of the fundamental design and performance characteristics of an EPS’s 6 kW–10 kW CHP system intended for residential applications. The proposed residential system utilized a mirror-balanced, patented, inwardly opposed piston, four-stroke internal combustion engine as a prime mover. This novel four-stroke opposed piston design resolved the scavenging, cooling, and lubrication issues faced by the conventional opposed designs in the market while also maintaining the power density, balancing, and performance benefits. Initially, a series of experiments were conducted on the proposed system for different speeds and throttle openings. Later, the combustion, performance, and quantified energy loss pathways were presented at Wide Open Throttle (WOT) conditions to demonstrate the performance benefits of the proposed system. Finally, a performance-oriented framework was developed for the proposed CHP system for future efforts.
Reports on the topic "Fundamental Objectives"
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Yaremchuk, Olesya. TRAVEL ANTHROPOLOGY IN JOURNALISM: HISTORY AND PRACTICAL METHODS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11069.
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Our study’s main object is travel anthropology, the branch of science that studies the history and nature of man, socio-cultural space, social relations, and structures by gathering information during short and long journeys. The publication aims to research the theoretical foundations and genesis of travel anthropology, outline its fundamental principles, and highlight interaction with related sciences. The article’s defining objectives are the analysis of the synthesis of fundamental research approaches in travel anthropology and their implementation in journalism. When we analyze what methods are used by modern authors, also called «cultural observers», we can return to the localization strategy, namely the centering of the culture around a particular place, village, or another spatial object. It is about the participants-observers and how the workplace is limited in space and time and the broader concept of fieldwork. Some disciplinary practices are confused with today’s complex, interactive cultural conjunctures, leading us to think of a laboratory of controlled observations. Indeed, disciplinary approaches have changed since Malinowski’s time. Based on the experience of fieldwork of Svitlana Aleksievich, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska-Moskalewicz, or Malgorzata Reimer, we can conclude that in modern journalism, where the tools of travel anthropology are used, the practical methods of complexity, reflexivity, principles of openness, and semiotics are decisive. Their authors implement both for stable localization and for a prevailing transition.
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Greenhill, Lucy, Christopher Leakey, and Daniela Diz. Second Workshop report: Mobilising the science community in progessing towards a sustainable and inclusive ocean economy. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23693.
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Across the Blue Economy, science must play a fundamental role in moving us away from business as usual to a more sustainable pathway. It provides evidence to inform policy by understanding baselines, trends and tipping points, as well as the multiple and interacting effects of human activities and policy interventions. Measuring progress depends on strong evidence and requires the design of a monitoring framework based on well-defined objectives and indicators, informed by the diverse disciplines required to inform progress on cross-cutting policy objectives such as the Just Transition. The differences between the scientific and policy processes are stark and affect interaction between them, including, among other factors, the time pressures of governmental decision-making, and the lack of support and reward in academia for policy engagement. To enable improved integration, the diverse nature of the science / policy interface is important to recognise – improved communication between scientists and policy professionals within government is important, as well as interaction with the wider academic community through secondments and other mechanisms. Skills in working across boundaries are valuable, requiring training and professional recognition. We also discussed the science needs across the themes of the Just Transition, Sustainable Seafood, Nature-based Solutions and the Circular Economy, where we considered: • What research and knowledge can help us manage synergies and trade-offs? • Where is innovation needed to promote synergies? • What type of indicators, data and evidence are needed to measure progress? The insights developed through dialogue among participants on these themes are outlined in Section 4 of this report.
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García-Mantilla, Daniel. PLAC Network Best Practices Series: Target-Income Design of Incentives, Benchmark Portfolios and Performance Metrics for Pension Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003599.
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In defined contribution systems, at the end of the accumulation phase the assets in the retirement account are exchanged for a pension. The conversion rate from assets to retirement income (which depends on the level of interest rates) is very volatile, and its variations constitute the main investment risk facing pension fund affiliates. In this sense, performance metrics, management fees and benchmark portfolios that focus on assets (and asset returns) and ignore the variations in the conversion rate, embed several problems: i. they send wrong signals to regulators, fund managers and workers, ii. they provide wrong incentives to pension fund management companies, and iii. they leave pension fund affiliates exposed to their largest risk factor, even during the last few years preceding their retirement date. We find that regulatory incentives with these fundamental problems are ubiquitous in the region. The document presents a series of best practices, and delivers a practical set of tools to assist regulators and supervisors in designing a framework that improves security and sufficiency of retirement income, and provides relevant and timely information to pension fund affiliates. The framework achieves that by fostering an integration of the accumulation and the payout phases, and an alignment of the regulatory incentives for pension fund management companies with the retirement income objectives of pension fund affiliates. Using historical data from Colombia as a case study, the document illustrates and quantifies the improvements in terms of pension benefits and retirement income security that the proposed framework could bring.
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Hamill, Daniel D., Jeremy J. Giovando, Chandler S. Engel, Travis A. Dahl, and Michael D. Bartles. Application of a Radiation-Derived Temperature Index Model to the Willow Creek Watershed in Idaho, USA. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41360.
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The ability to simulate snow accumulation and melting processes is fundamental to developing real-time hydrological models in watersheds with a snowmelt-dominated flow regime. A primary source of uncertainty with this model development approach is the subjectivity related to which historical periods to use and how to combine parameters from multiple calibration events. The Hydrologic Engineering Center, Hydrological Modeling System, has recently implemented a hybrid temperature index (TI) snow module that has not been extensively tested. This study evaluates a radiatative temperature index (RTI) model’s performance relative to the traditional air TI model. The TI model for Willow Creek performed reasonably well in both the calibration and validation years. The results of the RTI calibration and validation simulations resulted in additional questions related to how best to parameterize this snow model. An RTI parameter sensitivity analysis indicates that the choice of calibration years will have a substantial impact on the parameters and thus the streamflow results. Based on the analysis completed in this study, further refinement and verification of the RTI model calculations are required before an objective comparison with the TI model can be completed.
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Ajzenman, Nicolás, Gregory Elacqua, Diana Hincapié, Analia Jaimovich, Florencia López Bóo, Diana Paredes, and Alonso Román. Do You Want to Become a Teacher?: Career Choice Motivation Using Behavioral Strategies. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003325.
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Qualified teachers are a fundamental input for any education system. Yet, many countries struggle to attract highly skilled applicants to the teaching profession. This paper presents the results of a large-scale intervention to attract high performing high-school students into the teaching profession in Chile. The intervention was a three-arm email campaign which made salient three types of motivations typically associated with the teaching profession: intrinsic/altruistic, extrinsic, and prestige-related. The objective was to identify which type of message better appealed to high performing students to nudge them to choose a teaching major. The “intrinsic” and “prestige” arms reduced applications to teaching majors among high performers, while the “extrinsic” arm increased applications among low performers. A plausible interpretation could be that the “intrinsic” and “prestige” messages made more salient an issue that could otherwise be overlooked by high performing students (typically from more advantaged households), negatively impacting their program choice: that while the social value of the teaching profession has improved, it still lags behind other professions that are valued more by their families and social circles. In turn, the “extrinsic” arm made salient the recent improvements in the economic conditions of the teaching profession in Chile, thus appealing to low performing students who in general come from disadvantaged families and for whom monetary incentives are potentially more relevant. These results emphasize the importance of having a clear picture of the inherent motivations that could influence individuals career choice. Making salient certain types of motivations to the wrong target group could lead to undesired results.
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Gómez Vidal, Analía, Fabiana Machado, and Darcia Datshkovsky. Water and Sanitation Services in Latin America: Access and Quality Outlook. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003285.
Full textAbstract:
Tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to evaluate how far the water and sanitation sector is from achieving these targets, and to guarantee that the solutions and strategies implemented get everyone closer to them. But this is not a simple task. To truly assess collective progress towards achieving SDG 6 (and all other goals), it is fundamental to count on standardized measures that help track all types of access, their reliability, and their quality. Existing data tend to lack comparability across sources and locations because they rely on different definitions and categories. Samples are often not representative of all groups within the population. More developed areas are more likely to collect data, which results in the overrepresentation of groups that enjoy better services. Still in some areas and for some categories of information data is not available at all. In response to these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) partnered with the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to gather nationally representative and comparable data in 18 countries in the region. The goal of this effort was to provide an initial outlook of the current landscape of water and sanitation services in the region, using two batteries of questions in the LAPOP questionnaire for the 2018-2019 wave. The main message that arises is that the Latin American and the Caribbean region faces a wide range of challenges, that vary both across and within countries. Some areas face the primary challenge of closing access gaps, while others display higher deficiency in service quality, such as continuity. The gaps in quality of services, in particular, are not clearly perceived by users. In general, levels of satisfaction with the services received is quite high among the population, much higher than warranted by the objective measures of service quality. This raises important issues for accountability in the sector. If users are mostly satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is unlikely they will pressure governments and utilities to improve service delivery. A more in-depth analysis is required to understand the reasons behind these opinions and possible ways to raise awareness.