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Susarapu, Santa Ram. "ALIGNING SECURITY AND USABILITY OBJECTIVES FOR COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2866.
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With extensive use of information systems in day-to-day business operations, many organizations are facing challenges to develop robust computer-based information systems that are secure and widely used by the user community. In order to develop information systems that are secure and useful, understanding what stakeholders consider important and value about the security and usability is critical. Security refers to confidentiality, integrity and availability and usability refers to efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. Using Value Focused Thinking approach, this research first proposes the usability objectives based on the values of system developers and users. Using the security objectives proposed by Dhillon & Torkzadeh (2006) and the usability objectives, this research proposes hierarchies with the overall/over-arching goals of security (confidentiality, integrity, availability) and/or usability (efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction). This research also analyzes a case of computer hacking and identifies which of the security and usability objectives that have not been met in that case study. The research contributions which include the usability objectives and security and usability hierarchies can be useful for theoretical as well as practical purposes.
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Al-Karaeen, Fawaz. "CHARACTERIZING BATTLEFIELD HUMAN DECISION MAKING WITH VALUE FOCUSED THINKING AND RELIABILITY MODELING." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1158292180.
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Julin, Nyquist Kristina. "Samverkan vid ett akademiskt lärosäte : Mål och målstrukturer enligt värdefokuserat tänkande." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för datavetenskap och samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32333.
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Enligt högskolelagen ingår det i högskolors och universitets uppdrag, förutom utbildning och forskning, också att samverka med omgivande samhälle. Då samverkansuppdraget inte är lika väldefinierat som utbildnings- och forskningsuppdraget, finns det behov av en gemensam målbild mellan lärosäten och externa parter gällande vad man önskar uppnå med samverkan. Detta examensarbete undersöker vilka likheter och/eller skillnader som finns med avseende på de mål som extern part, forskare och lärare samt samverkansrådgivare har i de mål som ligger som grund för samverkan mellan ett universitet och externa parter. Det har genomförts nio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer från tre olika intressegrupper av samverkan: samverkansrådgivare på Linnéuniversitetet, lärare & forskare på Linnéuniversitetet samt externa intressenter. Värdefokuserat tänkande har använts som teoretisk referensram. Utifrån intervjuerna har de fundamentala och instrumentella målen konstruerats i en målstruktur för respektive informant. De fundamentala och instrumentella målen visar vad de olika informanterna har för värderingar kring samverkan och vilka mål de olika parterna önskar uppnå med att samverka med varandra. Fundamentala mål som förekom i flera av målstrukturerna var att bidra till nytta för samhället, att bidra till samhällsutvecklingen och att lösa gemensamma samhällsutmaningar. Ett instrumentellt mål som förekom i flera av målstrukturerna är vikten av att arbeta med studenter, då detta bidrog till att uppfylla de fundamentala målen att stärka kompetensförsörjningen i regionen och kom till nytta för samhällsutvecklingen. De instrumentella målen att arbeta med forskningsprojekt leder till att de fundamentala målen för ökad innovation och att lösa gemensamma samhällsutmaningar kan uppnås.According to the Higher Education Act, colleges and universities are required to, in addition to education and research, collaborate with the outside society. Since collaboration is not as clearly defined as education and the research assignment, there is a need for a common goal image about what you want to achieve with collaboration. This master’s degree thesis studies what similarities and/or differences an external part, researchers & teachers and senior advisor in collaboration, have as goals with collaboration between a university and external partners. Value-focused thinking is used as theoretic framework. The study consists of nine semi structured interviews from three different interest groups: senior advisors in collaboration from Linnaeus University, researchers & teachers from Linnaeus University and external partners. From the interviews fundamental objectives and means objectives were identified and structured into hierarchies and means-ends networks from each informant´s answers. The fundamental and means objectives show what similarities and differences the informants have for values concerning collaboration and what goals the different parties wish to achieve by collaborating with each other. Fundamental objectives that existed in several of the structures were to contribute to the benefit of society, to contribute to the development of society and to solve common social challenges. A means objective that existed in the goal structures is the importance of working with students, as working with students helped fulfil the fundamental objectives to strengthen the competence in the region and came to benefit the development of society. The means objectives in research were to contribute to the fundamental objectives in strengthen innovation and benefit by enabling to solve common societal challenges.
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He, Linxin. "Droits sociaux fondamentaux et Droit de l’Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D028/document.
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Dans les tempêtes actuelles des crises économique, migratoire et nationaliste, la consolidation de l’UE semble dépendre plus que jamais de son attachement réel à la démocratie, à l’État de droit, au respect de la dignité humaine et à sa dimension sociale. Si la fondation de l’UE à travers ces principes ne fait plus de doute aujourd’hui au regard de son droit primaire, leur signification, ou plus précisément leur application, paraît encore entachée de contradictions dans les pratiques des institutions européennes. L’application des droits sociaux fondamentaux constitue l’un des défis majeurs dans cette constellation. En effet, «l’Europe sera sociale ou ne sera pas». Cependant, bien que ces droits soient proclamés par l’UE et de nombreux ordres juridiques tant en Europe que dans le monde entier, ils restent souvent perçus comme des droits de la seconde zone par opposition aux droits civils et politiques. Pour expliquer et réagir à cette situation, notre thèse propose une analyse qui combine les aspects théorique et méthodologique du sujet. En adoptant une approche «concrétiste», nous tenterons de montrer que ces droits sont loin d’être les fruits d’une simple intention politique. Tout au contraire, ils ont vocation à structurer le Droit de l’UE : ils confèrent non seulement des droits subjectifs aux particuliers, mais forment aussi un système objectif de valeurs qui détermine le développement de ce DroitIn the present storms of economic, immigration and nationalist crises, it seems that the strengthening of the EU depends more than ever on its commitment to democracy, rule of law, respect for human dignity and its social dimension. If it is no longer doubtful that the EU is founded by these principles through its primary law, their signification – or more exactly their implementation – is still disturbed by the contradictions in the practices of European institutions. The implementation of fundamental social rights is one of the major challenges in this situation. Indeed, “Europe will be social or there shall be no Europe”. Although these rights are proclaimed by EU law and other legal systems in Europe and around the world, they are still treated as rights of a secondary zone, in contrast with civil and political rights. In order to study this contrast, my thesis proposes a theoretical and methodological approach. By using a “concretistic” method, this thesis would argue that these rights cannot be reduced to political declarations. On the contrary, they have the mission to structure EU law, since they not only vest individuals with rights, but also constitute an objective system of values which determines the development of EU law
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Karabelchtchikova, Olga. "Fundamentals of Mass Transfer in Gas Carburizing." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/424.
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"Gas carburizing is an important heat treatment process used for steel surface hardening of automotive and aerospace components. The quality of the carburized parts is determined by the hardness and the case depth required for a particular application. Despite its worldwide application, the current carburizing process performance faces some challenges in process control and variability. Case depth variability if often encountered in the carburized parts and may present problems with i) manufacturing quality rejections when tight tolerances are imposed or ii) insufficient mechanical properties and increased failure rate in service. The industrial approach to these problems often involves trial and error methods and empirical analysis, both of which are expensive, time consuming and, most importantly, rarely yield optimal solutions. The objective for this work was to develop a fundamental understanding of the mass transfer during gas carburizing process and to develop a strategy for the process control and optimization. The research methodology was based on both experimental work and theoretical developments, and included modeling the thermodynamics of the carburizing atmosphere with various enriching gasses, kinetics of mass transfer at the gas-steel interface and carbon diffusion in steel. The models accurately predict: 1) the atmosphere gas composition during the enriching stage of carburizing, 2) the kinetics of carbon transfer at the gas-steel surfaces, and 3) the carbon diffusion coefficient in steel for various process conditions and steel alloying. The above models and investigations were further combined to accurately predict the surface carbon concentration and the carbon concentration profile in the steel during the heat treatment process. Finally, these models were used to develop a methodology for the process optimization to minimize case depth variation, carburizing cycle time and total cycle cost. Application of this optimization technique provides a tradeoff between minimizing the case depth variation and total cycle cost and results in significant energy reduction by shortening cycle time and thereby enhancing carburizing furnace capacity."
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Nascimento, Filippe Augusto dos Santos. "A Dimens?o objetiva dos direitos fundamentais: conceito e sistematiza??o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13951.
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-05This paper is about the objective dimension of fundamental rights, aiming to present a concept well-designed for this dimension, and establish a systematic teaching of the subject, presenting the developments of this dimension of fundamental rights. The objective dimension of fundamental rights arises related to the idea of linking the state of fundamental rights, transforming these rights as the foundation and purpose of the state. It is distinguished from that perspective of the subjective dimension of fundamental rights, which includes the fundamental rights in an individual-state relationship. Under the subjective prism, rights are seen as limits required by the individual, the state intervention in the lives of individuals. A new dimension goes beyond the perspective of the rights of the individual as a mere resistance in the face of the state, assigning those rights also an active mission, which generates a series of legal repercussions. These developments or "effectiveness" the objective dimension are studied. The first consists of Binding Effectiveness, and demonstrated a new respect for fundamental rights within the state structure, which creates concepts such as "linkage of state functions fundamental rights" and "state s duty to protect". There is also the Radiant Effectiveness in which are examined topics such as the "constitutionalization of Law" and the "application of fundamental rights to particular relationships". Studies are still Procedure Effectiveness, in the case of "objectification of the mechanisms of protection of fundamental rights" and "opening of the processes of state protection of fundamental rights to public participation"
O presente trabalho trata da dimens?o objetiva dos direitos fundamentais, tendo como meta apresentar um conceito bem delineado para essa dimens?o, bem como estabelecer uma sistematiza??o did?tica do assunto, apresentando os desdobramentos dessa dimens?o dos direitos fundamentais. A dimens?o objetiva dos direitos fundamentais surge atrelada ? id?ia de vincula??o do Estado aos direitos fundamentais, transformando esses direitos em fundamento e finalidade do Estado. Distingue-se tal perspectiva da dimens?o subjetiva dos direito fundamentais, que compreende os direitos fundamentais em uma rela??o indiv?duo-Estado. Sob o prisma subjetivo, os direitos s?o vistos como limites, exig?veis pelo pr?prio indiv?duo, ? interven??o estatal na vida dos particulares. A dimens?o, ora apresentada, vai al?m da perspectiva dos direitos como mera resist?ncia do indiv?duo em face do Estado, atribuindo a tais direitos tamb?m uma miss?o ativa, o que gera uma s?rie de repercuss?es jur?dicas. S?o estudados esses desdobramentos ou efic?cias da dimens?o objetiva. O primeiro consiste na Efic?cia Vinculante, sendo demonstrada uma nova rela??o dos direitos fundamentais dentro da estrutura estatal, o que gera conceitos como o de vincula??o das fun??es estatais aos direitos fundamentais e dever estatal de tutela . H? tamb?m a abordagem da Efic?cia Irradiante, em que s?o apreciados temas como o da constitucionaliza??o do Direito e o da aplica??o dos direitos fundamentais ?s rela??es particulares . Estuda-se ainda a Efic?cia Processual, tratando-se da objetiva??o dos mecanismos de tutela dos direitos fundamentais e da abertura dos processos estatais de tutela dos direitos fundamentais ? participa??o p?blica
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Bonifay, Emmanuelle. "Le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle et le droit international privé : contribution à l'édification d'un espace de liberté, sécurité et justice." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1079.
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Déclaré « pierre angulaire » de la coopération judiciaire en matière civile au sein de l’ELSJ, le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle est devenu un véritable leitmotiv de la construction du droit international privé européen. Venu du marché intérieur, il est utilisé de deux façons : d’une part dans les règlements européens qui, posant le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle des décisions judiciaires, tentent de parvenir à une suppression généralisée de la procédure d’exequatur, et d’autre part dans la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union qui utilise cette notion pour corriger les entraves causées par les règles nationales de conflit de lois à la libre circulation des citoyens, en énonçant un véritable principe de reconnaissance mutuelle des situations. Ces entraves sont notamment constituées en cas d’atteinte au principe de continuité des situations juridiques personnelles et familiales qui composent l’identité des citoyens de l’Union. Vecteur de nouvelles orientations dans les objectifs du DIP, ce principe exerce donc une influence certaine sur la mise en oeuvre des règles nationales de droit international privé en présence de situations qui concernent les citoyens de l’Union européenne, au soutien de leur libre circulation. L’heure est donc venue de s’interroger sur l’aptitude de ce principe à être combiné avec le rôle traditionnellement dévolu à la règle de conflit de lois. Loin d’envisager de manière concurrente le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle et le droit international privé au sein de l’ELSJ, l’étude de leur interaction devrait se clore par leur conciliation, afin de réassigner au DIP son rôle traditionnel qui est d’assurer la coordination des législationsThe principle of mutual recognition was declared «corner stone» of the judiciary cooperation in the field of civil matters within the space of security and justice, and has become a real leitmotiv of the construction of European international private law.Directly derived from the internal market, this principle is used in two ways: first, the European regulations establishing the principle of mutual recognition of judiciary decisions aim at a general deletion of the exequatur procedure ; second, the European court of Justice uses this principle in its case law and has established a real principle of mutual recognition of situations in order to correct hindrances caused by national laws ruling conflict of laws upon people’s freedom of movement.Those hindrances are partly constituted in case of infringement to the principle of continuity of personal legal and family situations of the citizens of the European Union, which constitutes their identity.Driver of new approaches in respect of the objectives of international private law, the principle exert an influence on the implementation of national rules of international private law with respect in situations concerning citizens within the European Union, in support of their freedom of movement.In this view, time has come to examine the capability of this principle to be combined with the traditional role played by the rule of conflict of laws.Far from opposing the principle of mutual recognition and the international private law within the ELSJ, the study of their interaction should be examined through a conciliation spectrum in order to reassign international private law with its traditional role (coordinating legislation)
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Danova, Maria. "La dimension objective des droits fondamentaux européens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA003.
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La dimension objective représente l’une des principales théories d’interprétation des droits fondamentaux en Allemagne. Peu connue en dehors de son cadre national, elle se déploie toutefois au niveau européen et en particulier dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne, sans être pensée en tant que telle. La présente étude vise à analyser cette conception à l’échelle européenne à travers ses caractéristiques essentielles dégagées à partir du droit allemand, et mettre en évidence l’influence de ce dernier sur le droit européen. La dimension objective se présente ainsi comme une interprétation téléologique et totale, qui indexe la protection des droits sur des valeurs politiques et morales, et assure leur rayonnement au sein mais aussi à travers les ordres juridiques. Si elle constitue un point d’orgue dans la sophistication de la théorie des droits, elle emporte néanmoins le risque de relativiser ces derniers dans leur fonction subjective de protection des libertés individuellesThe objective dimension is one of the main theories of the interpretation of fundamental rights in Germany. Although relatively unknown outside its national context, it exerts an influence at a European level, especially in case-law in the European Court of Human Rights, without being regarded as such. The present study aims to analyze this approach of rights at a European scale through its main characteristics drawn from German law, as well as to highlight the influence of the latter on European law. The objective dimension appears to be a teleological and total interpretation that establishes the protection of rights on certain political and moral values, and ensures their radiating effect within but also through legal systems. If it is a breakthrough in the elaboration of the theory of rights, it also carries the risk of weakening these same rights in their subjective function which is to protect personal freedom
Bonjour Sophie, Madame Danova a déposé un nouveau contrat ce 10/09/2015. Le rôle FICH est à modifier. Merci d'avance Suzanne
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Costa, Maria Manuela Dias da. "O despedimento colectivo." Master's thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1298.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Solicitadoria.A compreensão do enquadramento constitucional da figura do despedimento colectivo acompanhou a discussão em torno do conceito de “justa causa”, nas suas várias interpretações, no ordenamento jurídico português. Por conseguinte, este conceito integra o princípio da segurança no emprego, que se traduz num conjunto de valores de protecção dos trabalhadores. No entanto, é necessário harmonizar este princípio com um outro de âmbito constitucional que interfere na lógica da manutenção e criação do emprego: a liberdade de iniciativa económica privada. Para garantia da protecção dos trabalhadores em caso de despedimento colectivo tornou-se necessário regulamentar esta matéria. A construção de uma noção que define as situações que configuram o despedimento colectivo, bem com o procedimento necessário para efectivação do mesmo e os instrumentos necessários ao alcance do trabalhador para contestar eventuais despedimentos ilícitos, são os meios que garantem, efectivamente, a possibilidade de existir um equilíbrio na relação entre empregador e trabalhador.
The understanding of the constitutional framework of collective redundancy, which accompanied the discussion around the concept of "due cause" in its various interpretations in the Portuguese legal system. Therefore, this concept incorporates the principle of job security, which results into a set of protection values for the of workers. However, it is necessary to harmonize this principle with another constitutional framework that interferes with the logic of maintaining and creating employment: the freedom of private economic initiative. To ensure the protection of employees in the event of collective redundancies, it has become necessary to regulate this matter. The construction of a concept that defines situations that constitute collective redundancies , as well as the necessary procedure to implement them, and provide the worker with the necessary tools to challenge any unlawful dismissals , are the means that effectively ensure the possibility granting an equilibrium in the relationship between employer and employee.
Orientação: Prof. Doutor Francisco Xavier Liberal Fernandes.
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Pereira, Laiz Alcântara. "O DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À MOTIVAÇÃO DA RESCISÃO CONTRATUAL TRABALHISTA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2706.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-01The present study aims to address the dismission motivated in employment contract as the result of systemic hermeneutic national and international rules , in particular the core principle of human dignity of the worker.Defend the validity and applicability of ILO Convention 158 ; recognition of Article 7 , I, of the Constitution as a fundamental right of immediate application , subjective and horizontal effect ; and the incidence of the principle of the social function of work and objective good faith and its attachments duties of conduct as duty of cooperation , loyalty, solidarity and information as a basis for the employer s motivation when the labor contract termination.Following this hermeneutics maintain that no longer exists potestative the right to dismiss the employer but in reverse , in the balance between free enterprise and private property versus social value of labor, property and contract, among others; the fundamental right of the worker to the motivation of his termination prevails.
O presente estudo visa abordar a dispensa motivada trabalhista como fruto de hermenêutica sistêmica normativa nacional e internacional, em especial com fulcro no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana do trabalhador. Defendemos a vigência e aplicabilidade da Convenção 158 da OIT; o reconhecimento do artigo 7º, I, da Constituição Federal como direito fundamental de aplicação imediata, eficácia subjetiva e horizontal; e a incidência do princípio da função social do trabalho e da boa-fé objetiva e seus deveres anexos de conduta como dever de colaboração, lealdade, solidariedade e informação como fundamentos para a motivação patronal quando da rescisão contratual trabalhista.Decorrente desta hermenêutica, defendemos que não mais subsiste o direito potestativo de dispensar do empregador mas ao reverso, na ponderação entre livre iniciativa e propriedade privada versus valor social do trabalho, da propriedade e do contrato, dentre outros; a prevalência do direito fundamental do trabalhador à motivação de sua rescisão contratual.
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Dalix, Jean-Christophe. "La dérégulation de l’invocabilité objective d’exclusion des directives européennes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASH004.
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Plus de quarante ans après que la Cour de justice ait levé à travers l'arrêt Van Duyn l'incapacité des directives à revêtir un caractère directement applicable, la question de leur invocabilité ou de leur effet juridique au sein des ordres juridiques nationaux reste un point sensible en termes de débats doctrinaux et de controverses constantes au sein même de la Cour de justice. De fait, en décloisonnant la régulation de l'intensité normative de l'effet immédiat des directives et, plus généralement, celle du droit dérivé obligatoire de l'orthodoxie de l'article 288 TFUE, la Cour de justice a bouleversé l'équilibre normatif qui en découlait. Or, face à l'enjeu déterminant que revêt l'invocabilité des directives sous l'angle de la répartition des compétences, la défiance exprimée par certaines cours constitutionnelles à l'adresse de la Cour de justice, a conduit le juge de Luxembourg à reconsidérer sa position. Ainsi, dès 1979, associera-t-il à ce décloisonnement un processus de recomposition de la cristallisation de l'équilibre normatif initialement tranché par l'article 288 TFUE. Par ce processus de recomposition, d'une part, il ajustera sous forme de limitation l'étendue de l'applicabilité directe subjective de substitution des directives et, d'autre part, il réajustera sous forme de restriction l'étendue de leur applicabilité directe objective d'exclusion. De ce dispositif il ressort la rupture de l'unité profonde de l'ordre juridique de l'Union dont l'origine tient à la dérégulation de l'invocabilité objective d'exclusion des directives causant d'une part, par le morcellement de ses conditions d'application l'étiolement de la justiciabilité objective d'exclusion du droit de l'Union et d'autre part, par l'éclatement de son fondement la déstructuration de la justiciabilité objective d'exclusion du droit de l'Union. Aussi, aux fins de recouvrer une rationalité d'ensemble, apparaît-il raisonnable de resituer l'invocabilité objective d'exclusion des directives dans la logique issue de l'arrêt Verbond nederlandse ondernemingen (VNO)More than forty years after the Court of Justice, through the Van Duyn judgment, lifted the inability of directives to have a directly applicable character, the question of their invocability or their legal effect within national legal orders remains a point sensitive in terms of doctrinal debates and constant controversies within the Court of Justice. In fact, by decompartmentalizing the regulation of the normative intensity of the immediate effect of directives and, more generally, that of the com-pulsory secondary law of the orthodoxy of Article 288 TFEU, the Court of Justice has upset the normative ba-lance that ensued. However, faced with the decisive issue involved in the invocation of directives from the point of view of the distribution of powers, the mistrust expressed by certain constitutional courts to address the Court of Justice, led the Luxembourg judge to reconsider his posi-tion. Thus, from 1979, he will associate with this decompartmentalization a process of recomposition of the crystallization of the normative equilibrium initially decided by article 288 TFEU. By this process of recom-position, on the one hand, he will adjust in the form of limitation the extent of the subjective direct applicability of substitution for directives and, on the other hand, he will readjust in the form of restriction the extent of their direct applicability exclusionary objective. From this device, it emerges the rupture of the deep unity of the legal order of the Union, the origin of which derives from the deregulation of the objective invocability of exclusion of directives causing on the one hand, by the fragmentation of its conditions for application the etiolation of the objective justiciability of exclusion from Union law and on the other hand, by the bursting of its foundation the destructuring of objective justiciability of exclusion from Union law. Therefore, in order to recover an overall rationality, it seems reasonable to place the objective invocability of exclusion of directives in the logic resulting from the judgment Verbond nederlandse ondernemingen (VNO)
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Fonseca, Maria Hemília. "Direito ao trabalho: um direito fundamental no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7259.
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Previous issue date: 2006-09-27Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
In view of the importance and meaning placed on work presently when there is unemployment everywhere, the right to work arises again to the world scene grounded on the support and promotion of human dignity. Assuming that the right to work is a universal right of all men, and that its acknowledgement as a fundamental right is conditioned to the guidelines drawn up by every legal system, the study herein searched to show that the right to work in the Brazilian legal system (i) is acknowledged as a fundamental social-economic right , (ii) it adopts the structure of a principle in the constitutional text dated back to 1988, that is, it is shown as an optimization commandment which imposes prima facie rights and duties , and thus it demands that it is carried out according to the phatic and legal possibilities foreseen in each concrete case , based on the theory about rules and principles developed by Robert Alexy; (iii) its analysis can be performed on an individual and collective dimension , which are closely related to the distinct application fields of the fundamental rights, that is, the one that involves the State and its citizens and the one that is centered in the relations among the private ones; (iv) in its individual range , it is shown circumscribed by the work contract and in the collective range it is associated to the objective of full employment, especially the public policies of work and employment; (v) its accomplishment is a needed consequence of the legal system of special protection that the Constitution has granted to these rights , and this can be done through political and legal mechanisms. It was checked , therefore, in the Brazilian scene , that the right to work is not an unrealizable chimera. There are, indeed, different political and legal mechanisms for its accomplishment; will and courage in small doses are required to overcome old paradigms
Ante a importância e o significado que o trabalho humano adquiriu nos tempos atuais de desemprego, o direito ao trabalho figura no cenário mundial como base de sustentação e de promoção da dignidade humana. Partindo do pressuposto de que o direito ao trabalho é um direito universal de todos os homens e que o seu reconhecimento como um direito fundamental está condicionado às diretrizes traçadas por cada ordenamento jurídico, o presente estudo procura demonstrar que o direito ao trabalho no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro (i) é reconhecido como um direito econômico-social fundamental; (ii) assume a estrutura de um princípio no texto constitucional de 1988, ou seja, apresenta-se como um mandamento de otimização que impõe direitos e deveres prima facie, exigindo, assim, a sua realização segundo as possibilidades fáticas e jurídicas previstas em cada caso concreto, nos moldes da teoria sobre regras e princípios desenvolvida por Robert Alexy; (iii) a sua análise pode se dar em uma dimensão individual e em uma dimensão coletiva, que têm correlação direta com os distintos campos de aplicação dos direitos fundamentais, ou seja, aquele que envolve o Estado e seus cidadãos e aquele que se centra nas relações entre os particulares; (iv) em seu âmbito individual aparece circunscrito ao contrato de trabalho e no âmbito coletivo associado ao objetivo do pleno emprego, especialmente às políticas públicas de trabalho e emprego; (v) a sua efetivação é uma conseqüência necessária do regime jurídico de proteção especial que a Constituição concedeu a estes direitos, e esta pode se dar através de mecanismos políticos e jurídicos. Verifica-se, portanto, que no cenário brasileiro o direito a trabalhar não se trata de uma quimera irrealizável. Existem, sim, distintos mecanismos políticos e jurídicos a serem utilizados para a sua efetivação, bastando um pouco de vontade e coragem para ultrapassar velhos paradigmas
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Pessoa, André Luís Torres. "Os deveres anexos da boa-fé objetiva e o contrato individual de trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6284.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-24This dissertation addresses the application of good faith and its obligations within an individual work contract. The dissertation starts off by bringing the concept of good faith, its characterization and history as a general rule, as well as showing its development and integration into Brazilian law. After this, the study brings forth the functions of the good faith objective, including the creation of obligations by bringing an analysis of the most common ones within this specialized doctrine. What follows is a study of the application of these duties to the standards within labor law and the duties of the parties in a labor contract, which is shown through a provision analysis of obligations in the Brazilian Labor Code, subsequently, showing the consequences arising from any violation of the contract when there is failure by the parties to abide to the concepts of good faith and the obligations that follow it
A presente dissertação aborda a aplicação dos deveres anexos da boa-fé objetiva ao contrato individual de trabalho. Inicia trazendo o conceito de boa-fé, a sua caracterização como cláusula geral e o seu histórico, demonstrando o seu desenvolvimento e a sua inserção no direito brasileiro. Após isso, traz um estudo sobre as funções da boa-fé objetiva, dentre elas a de criação de deveres anexos, trazendo uma análise acerca daqueles mais comuns na doutrina especializada. Segue estudando a aplicação destes deveres anexos às normas do Direito do Trabalho e as obrigações geradas às partes do contrato de trabalho, evidenciando a análise da previsão dos deveres anexos na CLT e, posteriormente, avaliando as consequências oriundas da violação positiva do contrato, quando da inobservância dos deveres anexos da boa-fé objetiva pelos contratantes
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Nabarreto, Rodrigo Lopes. "O processo judicial eletrônico como meio de efetivação do acesso à justiça para concretização dos direitos trabalhistas." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2014. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1474.
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The present study aims to evaluate the electronic judicial proceedings of the Labor Court from the perspective of access to justice and efficiency. Starts analyzing the evolution of the law and the state. Invokes the theory of objective dimension of fundamental rights as motivator of the creation of the electronic judicial process that follows a retelling of the current legal system. After it is evaluated the development of the legal provision of technology use in the Judiciary. Then presents the data collected from field research conducted in the Second Labour Court in Guarulhos member of the Regional Labor Court of São Paulo. Finally, it is concluded that, effectively, the Judicial Process Electronic caused a paradigm shift, generating greater effectiveness to the principles of access to justice and efficiency. The research made use of the hypothetical deductive method with the technique of literature and the inductive method with respect to the field research. Was used as the main theoretical framework Daniel Sarmento.
O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o processo judicial eletrônico da Justiça do Trabalho, sob o prisma do acesso à justiça e eficiência. Inicia-se a análise pela evolução do direito e do Estado. Invoca-se a teoria da dimensão objetiva dos direitos fundamentais como elemento motivador da criação do processo judicial eletrônico, que surge após uma releitura do atual ordenamento jurídico. Após, é avaliado o desenvolvimento da previsão legal do uso da tecnologia no Poder Judiciário. Em seguida, apresentam-se os dados colhidos em pesquisa de campo realizada na Segunda Vara do Trabalho de Guarulhos integrante do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho de São Paulo. Por fim, conclui-se que, efetivamente, o Processo Judicial Eletrônico, provocou uma mudança de paradigma, gerando maior efetividade aos princípios do acesso a justiça e da eficiência. A pesquisa realizada serviu-se do método hipotético dedutivo com a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e o método indutivo com relação à pesquisa de campo realizada. Utilizou-se como principal referencial teórico Daniel Sarmento.
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Santana, Icaraí Daiane. "Formação em Adorno e Horkheimer." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4164.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This work‟s object of study is the concept of formation in the perspectives of T. W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer, and it tries to understand the difficulties and the possibilities of a project of cultural formation (bildung) taking into consideration the context in which the individual constitutes and humanizes himself. In order to do so, we have resorted to bibliographic research. Reflecting about the matter of formation is a crucial task to turn educational activity into an education that forms autonomous, ethical subjects that can contribute to the creation/rescue of values that dignify men. The bildung is a polysemic concept that reaches the political, economic, social and cultural aspects that determine it. It requires reflection about it, about its limits and about its social determinants and denounces the exploitation of reason and formation. It is essential, in this discussion, that we apprehend the following categories: reason (subjective and objective), semi-formation (haldbildung) and formative experience, enlightenment and individual. Such concepts are made explicit in the critical theory of the "Frankfurt School" when they analyze the constitutive nexus that shape the capitalist society and the implications for formation. Adorno and Horkheimer denounce that the thinking and the effective practice for formation are obstructed by the domination of instrumental rationality that is deep-seated in all aspects of social life. They indicate elements and principles in the perspective of a formation leading to autonomy and critical thinking, as well as the limits of the current notion of formation and its nature of adaptation, reproduction and maintenance of the social conditions in vigor, turning into semi-formation.
Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a concepção de formação na perspectiva de T. W. Adorno e Max Horkheimer, buscando compreender os entraves e as possibilidades de um projeto de formação cultural (bildung) considerando o contexto no qual o indivíduo se constitui e se humaniza. Para tanto, recorremos à pesquisa bibliográfica. Pensar a questão da formação é tarefa crucial para transformar a ação educativa em uma educação formativa de sujeitos autônomos e éticos que possam contribuir para a criação/resgate de valores que dignificam o homem. A bildung é um conceito polissêmico que alcança as dimensões política, econômica, social e cultural que a determinam. Exige a reflexão sobre si mesma, seus limites e determinantes sociais, denunciando a instrumentalização da razão e da formação. É fundamental, nessa discussão, a apreensão das categorias razão (subjetiva e objetiva), semiformação (haldbildung) e experiência formativa, esclarecimento e indivíduo. São conceitos explicitados na teoria crítica da “Escola de Frankfurt”, quando esta analisa os nexos constitutivos que conformam a sociedade capitalista e as implicações para a formação. Adorno e Horkheimer denunciam que o pensamento e a prática efetiva para a formação encontram-se obstacularizados pelo domínio da racionalidade instrumental arraigada em todas as instâncias da vida social. Apontam elementos e princípios na perspectiva de uma formação para a autonomia e o pensamento crítico, assim como os limites da concepção de formação atual e seu caráter de adaptação, reprodução e manutenção das condições sociais vigentes, convertendo-se em semiformação.
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Santos, Nina de Sousa. "Fundamentos teóricos e objectivos estratégicos de uma unidade de ética em saúde pública : caso de estudo : o gabinete de ética e responsabilidade da Direcção-Geral da Saúde." Master's thesis, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5821.
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RESUMO - Este trabalho de projecto visa responder à questão de saber como gerir uma unidade de ética num serviço público central de saúde pública, “de forma racional e informada”, definindo os seus objectivos estratégicos (Baranger, citando Drucker, 1990) utilizando como caso de estudo o Gabinete de Assuntos Jurídicos, Ética e Responsabilidade, adiante designado por Gabinete, da Direcção‐Geral da Saúde. Para o efeito, fez‐se, em primeiro lugar, uma abordagem teórica descritiva das bases filosóficas da ética realçando a sua aplicação prática na determinação das características dos sistemas de saúde. Em seguida, analisa‐se a utilização do conceito de ética no âmbito da Saúde Pública, no contexto da bioética, verificando‐se elementos distintivos que parecem justificar a autonomização do conceito de ‘Ética em Saúde Pública’. Para tal, foram consultadas as principais fontes de princípios éticos em saúde, tais como a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, a Declaração de Helsínquia, bem como a Constituição da República Portuguesa e os Códigos Deontológicos das profissões de saúde. Nesta fase do trabalho é pesquisada, nas perspectivas nacional e internacional, a existência de unidades de ética, congéneres ou de âmbito similar, bem como respectivas áreas e níveis de intervenção, tendo‐se nesse sentido auscultado as entidades idóneas dos Estados‐Membros da União Europeia.
Na segunda parte do trabalho de projecto, desenvolveu‐se o planeamento estratégico através da aplicação da metodologia balanced scorecard, apresentando‐se uma proposta de objectivos estratégicos e iniciativas a serem desenvolvidas pelo gabinete de ética sub judice, para um horizonte temporal fixado em três anos. Da utilização desta metodologia resultaram doze objectivos estratégicos, dos quais se destacam: ‘fomentar a discussão ética’; ‘promover a igualdade dos utentes do SNS’; e ‘identificar prioridades de actuação’. Entre as iniciativas a desenvolver salienta‐se o desenho de um questionário, a aplicar às comissões de ética do sistema de saúde com o objectivo de identificar prioridades de actuação do Gabinete.
O trabalho finaliza‐se com as conclusões, recomendações e linhas de investigação que se considera deverem ser desenvolvidas, num futuro próximo, para o aprofundamento da matéria alvo deste estudo. ------------------ABSTRACT - This research‐project aims to answer the question of how to manage a unit of ethics within the directorate‐general of public health in a "rational and informed” way, defining their strategic goals (Baranger, quoting Drucker, 1990) using as case study the Office of Legal Affairs, Ethics and Responsibility, hereinafter referred as the Office, of the Directorate‐General of Health. For this purpose, the first part of the study, includes a framework description of the main philosophical basis of ethics, emphasizing that its practical application determines the characteristics of health systems; the use of the concept of ethics of Public Health in the context of bioethics was analyzed, and distinctive elements were found that seem to justify the autonomy of the concept of 'Ethics of Public Health'. The main sources of this part were the fundamental ethical principles in health, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Helsinki Declaration, and also the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic and the Codes of Ethics of the health professions. At this stage of the study a description is also made, at both a national and international perspective, on the existence of similar units of ethics or with similar scope, and their areas and levels of intervention. For the international dimension the appropriate bodies of the Member States the European Union were consulted.
In the second part of the research‐project, a strategic planning for the Office was designed, using the balanced scorecard methodology, and a proposal of the strategic objectives and initiatives to be developed within a time schedule of three years are presented. The use of this method resulted in twelve strategic objectives, among which we note the following: 'to promote the ethical discussion'; 'to promote equality of users of the NHS'; and ‘to identify priorities for action’. The design of a questionnaire to be answered by the ethics committees for health of the Portuguese health system, in order to identify priorities for the Office’s activities is also presented in the study.
The work ends with the conclusions and recommendations, as well as a suggestion of lines for future research to further investigate the subject of this study.
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Alves, Pereira Paulo. "RELATÓRIO DA DISCIPLINA: PRÁTICA DE DIRECҪÃO DE ACTORES." Doctoral thesis, Departamento de Artes Cénicas, Escola de Artes, UE, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8081.
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É uma disciplina pensada para alunos de licenciatura em Teatro como introdução ao exercício de uma componente fundamental de um possível ramo da sua futura actividade profissional – a Direcção de Actores, parte indissociável da Encenação. Pretendeu-se pôr à disposição destes formandos uma visão actualizada e abrangente dos problemas e desafios que se colocam, hoje em dia, ao profissional em Teatro e à necessidade que este muitas vezes tem, para fazer face às exigências que se lhe põem, quer dentro do ponto de vista técnico, quer dentro de novos parâmetros concepcionais; esta visão seria, assim, contextualizada numa perspectiva europeia, embora naturalmente preocupada com os contornos que apresenta em Portugal.
Pareceu-nos, ainda, adequado e pertinente restringir os conteúdos da disciplina à problemática da iniciação na prática da direcção de actores, uma vez que é nesta cadeira que os alunos irão ter o seu primeiro contacto com este tipo de actividade e, depois, porque o tempo dedicado à cadeira não permitiria ir mais além. No entanto, os fundamentos e princípios que regem esta prática são aqui lançados e não será difícil transpor os conhecimentos aqui obtidos para futuros contextos com os quais os formandos se irão deparar e que desde já levantamos as grandes questões de base, para as quais enunciamos algumas soluções.
A opção pela designação “Prática” de Direcção de Actores para o título da disciplina, radica na pretensão de abordar as questões tratadas na cadeira mais numa vertente prática e sistémica. De facto, aceitamos aqui por “prática” - partindo do pressuposto de que não existe teoria sem prática, nem prática sem teoria que a fundamente - uma aplicação de conceitos em situações problemáticas, de forma estruturada, baseada nas várias correntes teóricas, ou escolas, quer em evidências quer em analogias, fornecendo explicações plausíveis sobre determinadas técnicas ligadas, ou relacionadas com a direcção de actores. Esta “prática” sistematizada propõe-se a levar os formandos a saberem utilizar todo um conjunto de estratégias, bem como conceitos estruturantes, referentes à arte e à capacidade de dirigir actores.
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Gaburri, Fernando. "Indenização de danos por atividades perigosas lícitas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8114.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-27The objectives of this research is trying to analyse the legal, academic and lawful decisions situations in which are embended the civil responsability criteria of fundamentation and imputation. The blame as a major source of responsability has become, undoubtedly, unworthy facing the industrial and tecnological advances experimented all over the world. The accidents happened in railroads, people been swallowed by machines, air crashes, among many other factors, made become adopted the teory of the responsability based on the risc, without previous analysis of blame. The idea of risc has spread during the last century, however there are many situations in which this idea is insuficient. That is why there is the need of researching a new criteria to imput de civil responsability, beyond de blame and objective casuistics. It all concerns searching for a sistem of general clauses of objectiv responsability that can co-exist with the existent sistem of responsability by blame. Trying to get rid from the legal casuism prision, facing a optimized profile of what would be a criteria to the formation of a legal precept as a general rule, a big general system of objectiv responsability to live together with the general system of subjectiv responsability. It is important to give attention that only objective and subjective criteria are no longer enough to fullfill all the need of adjustment, in one or other teory, the cases of indenization from tecnological and industrial development of the early days
O escopo do presente trabalho é analisar a situação legal, jurisprudencial e doutrinária em que se encontram os critérios de fundamentação e imputação da responsabilidade civil extracontratual. A culpa como principal fonte de responsabilidade tornou-se, indiscutivelmente, insuficiente frente aos avanços industriais e tecnológicos experimentados em todo o mundo. Os acidentes causados em estradas de ferro, pessoas engolidas por máquinas, acidentes aéreos, dentre outros fatores, fizeram com que, em certos casos viesse a ser adotada a teoria da responsabilidade fundada no risco, sem verificação de culpa. Alargou-se a idéia de risco no século passado, no entanto há situações nas quais esta já se vê insuficiente. Daí falar-se em procura de um novo critério de imputação de responsabilidade civil, além da culpa e do casuísmo objetivo. Trata-se de se buscar a realização de um sistema de cláusulas gerais de responsabilidade objetiva para conviver junto ao já existente sistema de responsabilidade por culpa. Tenta-se desprender-se das algemas do casuísmo legal, propugnando-se por um perfil otimizado daquilo que seria um critério para a realização de um preceito legal como uma regra geral, um grande sistema geral de responsabilidade objetiva para conviver ao lado do sistema geral de responsabilidade subjetiva. É válido ressaltar que apenas os critérios objetivos e subjetivos não mais são suficientes para suprir toda uma necessidade de enquadramento, numa ou noutra teoria, os casos de reparação oriundos da evolução tecnológico-industrial contemporânea
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Silva, Marcelo Pinto da. "Principio da vulnerabilidade: fundamento da responsabilidade civil objetiva por violação ao direito à intimidade genética nas relações de consumo e de emprego no Brasil contemporâneo." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10717.
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Esta dissertação foi elaborada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e aborda aspectos atinentes à espécie de responsabilização civil pela violação ao direito à intimidade genética nas relações de consumo e de emprego. Através de interpretação extensiva do direito à intimidade, previsto no art. 5º, inciso X, da Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988, com supedâneo no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, justifica-se e fundamenta-se o direito à intimidade genética, que somente se tornou visível em razão dos avanços tecnológicos, em especial no campo da medicina e da genética. Trabalha-se dentro de um paradigma de transição: da forma positivista de encarar o direito para a pós-positivista, na qual o direito é flexível, permeável aos valores, a ética e a noção de justiça, concedendo guarida especial aos princípios na normatividade jurídica, fugindo, pois, do reducionismo do direito à lei. O uso da informação genética de forma indevida constitui prática discriminatória, seja nas relações de emprego, seja nas relações de consumo, ainda que na fase pré-contratual. Desapega-se, assim, da natureza individualista do direito à intimidade genética para investigá-lo por meio de um olhar macrobioético, sob o prisma da exclusão e da marginalização, que a sua violação pode produzir, em especial nos países periféricos como no Brasil. É importante buscar formas de responsabilização que inibam a prática indevida de acesso à informação genética para fins incompatíveis com os direitos humanos e que, ao mesmo tempo, assegurem a devida reparação às vítimas. É imperioso discutir, portanto, qual o fundamento do dever de indenizar que melhor se coaduna com a vulnerabilidade, característica iminente em um dos pólos dos contratos de emprego e de consumo: a culpa, o risco, a dignidade humana ou a própria vulnerabilidade no seu viés princípio. Por fim, podemos afirmar que a intimidade genética constitui direito da personalidade, o qual uma vez lesionado implicaria em dano moral in re ipsa, sem prejuízo do dano material mensurado, podendo, ambas as espécies dos danos atingirem a terceiros por via reflexa.
Salvador
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Perreira, Luciane Maciel Xavier de Oliveira. "A Educação matemática & ensino fundamental: um panorama das pesquisas produzidas na PUC/SP nos anos 1994 a 1997." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2003. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11181.
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Previous issue date: 2003-10-06The present work aimed to analyze the dissertations about The Teaching in Elementary School, produced in the Program of Post-Graduate Studies of Mathematics Education at a Catholic University Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, in the period from 1994 to 1997. After the analysis of the eight dissertations, it was possible to categorize them in relation to the chosen objective of the research. The attained results allowed to conclude that the preferences in the research were the contents worked in the classroom and they were divided into the teacher and student s point of view, and fifty percent of these papers (dissertations) have chosen as theme the numbers and their operations. Beside this, most of the papers (seven) have tried to create a situation in where they could develop a significance to the chosen Mathematics notions
Este trabalho teve como objetivo, fazer um mapeamento das dissertações sobre assunto do Ensino Fundamental, produzidas no Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, no período de 1994 a 1997 inclusive. Após a análise de cada uma das oito obras, foi possível categorizá-las principalmente quanto ao objetivo de pesquisa escolhido. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a preferência das pesquisas foi por conteúdos trabalhados em sala de aula, distribuídos em dois pontos de vista do professor ou do aluno, sendo que a metade dos autores desses trabalhos escolheu como tema números e suas operações Além disso, a maioria (sete dissertações) mostrou uma preocupação em criar situações que propiciassem o desenvolvimento de significado para as noções matemáticas escolhidas
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Smith, Adam. "Teaching for Conversion: A History of the Fundamentals, the Objective, and the Gospel Teaching and Learning Handbook for Seminaries and Institutes of Religion in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5579.
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The purpose of this study is to document the history and the contributing factors that led to the formation of the Current Teaching Emphasis (2003), the Objective (2009), and the Gospel Teaching and Learning Handbook (2012) within Seminaries and Institutes of Religion (S&I) for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The analysis of this history, contained herein, clearly identifies the principles that have driven the changes in S&I's description of teaching and learning, describes how these adjustments differ from previous approaches, illustrates the significance of this shift, and presents the contemporary issues that influenced the increased clarity and direction from senior Church leaders to S&I.
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Santos, Ariane Joice dos. "Crise econômica e despedida coletiva: o direito trabalhista brasileiro está apto a enfrentá-las?" Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5469.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-25With the failure in the capitalist production process and the 2008 world economic crisis, a deceleration in the market occurred with the resulting retraction in product inventory and credit. The economy s globalization has led the internal market to suffer major impacts in view of the cancellation of contracts entered with international companies, resulting in the reduction of costs though collective dismissals of laborers in various companies in our country. By virtue of absence of regulation in article 7, I, of the Federal Constitution which provides on the protection of the employment relationship against the arbitrary dismissal or dismissal without cause and the denunciation of Covenant 158 in the ILO by Brazil the employers class have been dismissing a considerable number of employees without observing any process prior to such act. The result is the discussion on the validity of such dismissals in the labor courts which, based on the normative force of principles, on international guidelines, on comparative law and the constitutionalizing of private law, which have been declared abusive due to non-observance of the duties connected to the general objective good-faith, such as the duty to negotiate and the right to information. There are no doubts that the parties to this relationship should gather for a social dialogue, aiming at creating mechanisms to avoid collective dismissals such as the preparation of autonomous clauses or, in the impossibility thereof, of procedures to be complied with so as to attenuate the social impact, avoiding great unfair actions in such arena. Therefore, there are prerequisites to be overcome in the Brazilian labor law, form the point of view of social efficacy of collective bargaining, either by the fact that the union freedom has not fully reached the free and democratic organization, or by the fact of the persisting normative power of the Labor Justice
las? Com a falha no processo de produção capitalista e a crise econômica mundial de 2008, houve desaceleração no mercado e consequente estoque de produtos e retração do crédito. A globalização da economia fez com que o mercado interno sofresse grandes impactos ante o cancelamento de contratos firmados com empresas internacionais, ensejando a redução de custos a partir da demissão coletiva de trabalhadores em diversas companhias em nosso país. Em virtude da ausência de regulamentação do artigo 7º, I, da Constituição Federal, que trata da proteção da relação de emprego contra a despedida arbitrária ou sem justa causa e da denúncia da Convenção 158 da OIT pelo Brasil, a classe patronal tem dispensado parcela considerável de trabalhadores sem observar qualquer processo prévio a esse ato. O resultado é a discussão sobre a validade de tais despedidas no judiciário trabalhista que, com base na força normativa dos princípios, nas diretrizes internacionais, no direito comparado e na constitucionalização do direito privado, as tem declarado abusivas por inobservância dos deveres anexos da cláusula geral da boa-fé objetiva como o dever de negociar e o direito à informação. Não há dúvidas de que as partes dessa relação devem se aproximar para um diálogo social, visando a criar mecanismos através da elaboração de cláusulas autônomas para evitar o despedimento coletivo ou, em caso de impossibilidade, de procedimentos a serem observados no sentido de amenizar o impacto social, fazendo com que injustiças maiores não ocorram nessa esfera. Para tanto, existem pressupostos a serem superados no direito trabalhista brasileiro, da ótica da eficácia social da negociação coletiva, quer pelo fato de a liberdade sindical ainda não ter atingido plenamente a organização livre e democrática, quer pelo fato de persistir o poder normativo da Justiça do Trabalho
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Ballot, Élodie. "Etude critique des droits fondamentaux." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR1001.
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Les droits fondamentaux visent à la protection et à l’épanouissement de la personne humaine. Ils suscitent l’engouement et la controverse. Adossés à des textes internationaux et européens, mais provenant aussi de la réception du terme allemand « Grundrechte », diffusés tant en droit public qu’en droit privé, ils font l’objet de différentes analyses, spécialement en droit public, afin de déterminer leur signification, leurs fonctions, et leur régime. Il apparaît que les recherches conduites en doctrine ne permettent pas d’appréhender le concept de « droit fondamental » avec certitude. En effet, il n’existe pas de conception unique de la notion, les droits fondamentaux apparaissent comme une catégorie juridique insaisissable. Faute de définition claire, ils se distinguent difficilement des notions de « droits de l’Homme » ou de « libertés publiques ». Leur nature juridique est également incertaine. Pour ces raisons, ils constituent un ensemble hétéroclite difficile à délimiter et il convient de regretter que le droit international et le droit européen, pourtant riches en affirmations péremptoires, n'apportent pas un éclairage satisfaisant. La réalisation des droits fondamentaux est également imparfaite. D’une part, ils sont l'objet d'une surenchère caractérisée par une prolifération normative tant en droit interne qu’en droit international. Celle-ci n'est guère maîtrisée et mène à d’inévitables conflits qui, en l’absence d’une hiérarchie clairement établie, sont souvent irréductibles. D’autre part, les techniques de protection des droits fondamentaux s’avèrent insuffisantes notamment en raison de leur instrumentalisation par les différents juges. Les solutions jurisprudentielles sont dès lors imprévisibles et participent au phénomène de l’insécurité juridiqueFundamental rights aim to protect and develop the human person. They provoke passion and controversy. Supported by international and European texts but also stemming from the German term “Grundrechte”, circulated in public law as well as in private law, they are subject to different analyses, especially in public law, in order to determine their meaning, their functions and their system. It seemed that the research conducted in doctrine does not enable the comprehension of the concept of “fundamental right” for certain. Indeed, a single concept of the notion does not exist, fundamental rights are seen as an imperceptible legal category. Due to the lack of a clear definition, it is difficult to set them apart from notions of “Human Rights” or “Civil Liberties”. Their legal nature is equally uncertain. For these reasons, they constitute a heterogeneous unity which is difficult to define and unfortunately international law and European law, though rich in peremptory assertions, does not provide a satisfactory perspective. The implementation of fundamental rights is equally as imperfect. On the one hand, they are subject to an outbidding characterised by a normative proliferation in domestic law as well as in international law. This is hardly controlled and leads to inevitable conflicts which, in the absence of a clearly established hierarchy, are often relentless. On the other hand, the techniques of protecting fundamental rights prove to be insufficient in particular, due to their manipulation by different judges. The judicial solutions are henceforth unpredictable and contribute to the phenomenon of judicial insecurity
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Ebert, Paulo Roberto Lemgruber. "O conteúdo deontológico da liberdade sindical e a proteção contra os atos antissindicais e antirrepresentativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-22022017-142313/.
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O direito fundamental à liberdade sindical, consagrado no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro não apenas na Constituição Federal, mas também nos mais importantes Pactos Internacionais de Direiros Humanos ratificados pelo Brasil, possui, a despeito de sua conceituação aberta e aparentemente imprecisa, um conteúdo histórico-institucional que pode ser objetivamente delineado e que, por tal razão, condiciona a atuação dos órgãos estatais e dos atores particulares nas situações concretas de aplicabilidade. Demonstrar-se-á, nesse sentido, que o conteúdo institucional da liberdade sindical foi talhado não só pelo contexto fático presente no momento histórico de seu surgimento, como também pelas vicissitudes ocorridas ao longo de seu desenvolvimento espaço-temporal, de modo a ensejar como consectário lógico, dentre os diversos aspectos individuais e coletivos a ele inerentes, a tutela dos trabalhadores e de suas entidades representativas contra as condutas antissindicais e antirrepresentativas praticadas pelos empregadores, pelo Estado e pelos próprios sindicatos. Para além disso, a tese buscará elencar, de modo objetivo, (i) os sujeitos titulares da proteção contra os atos antissindicais e antirrepresentativos subjacente ao conteúdo histórico-institucional do princípio da liberdade sindical, (ii) as circunstâncias sob as quais estes últimos encontram-se amparados, (iii) os parâmetros objetivos a serem observados pelo legislador ordinário, bem como pelo Poder Judiciário e pelo Poder Executivo quando da concretização, da aplicação e da regulamentação dos dispositivos do ordenamento jurídicos a consagrarem o direito fundamental à liberdade sindical e (iv) os mecanismos de tutela de que dispõem dos trabalhadores e de suas entidades em face daquelas práticas.Ao cabo de tal análise, ter-se-á o delineamento objetivo da tutela emanada do princípio da liberdade sindical consagrado no ordenamento jurídico pátrio em relação aos atos antissindicais e antirrepresentativos passíveis de serem praticados contra os trabalhadores e suas entidades e das diretrizes a vincularem os agentes públicos na implementação prática de tal tutela.The freedom of trade unions association, as an human right recognized by the Brazilian law not only in the text of the Federal Constitution, but also in the most important International Human Rights Conventions signed by Brazil, own, despite its open and apparently imprecise definition, an historic content that can be defined in objective lines and which terms links the public authorities and the private actors to its lines in the concrete situations. The study intend to demonstrate, on that sense, that the institutional content owned by the freedom of trade unions association was defined not only in the historical moment when these right has arrived, but also in the situations occurred during its development as an institutional right. The evolution faced by the freedom of trade unions association lead us to understand the protection of the workers and its collective bodies from the acts against the labor organization (as known as unfair labor practices) promoted by the employers, by the public authorities or by the trade unions itself as a matter inherent to these institutional right. Moreover, the study will try to describe objectively (i) the subjects of the protection against those unfair labor practices, (ii) the circumstances under which these subjects are protected, (iii) the objective terms to be followed by the authorities of the Legislative, Judiciary and Executive in the task of giving practical sense to the freedom of trade unions association as an instrument of protection against the unfair labor practices and (iv) the protection mechanisms which the law offers to the workers and its bodies in order to protect them from those unfair practices.After all, it will be possible to describe the objective terms of the protection that the freedom of trade nunions association recognized by the Brazilian law as an autonomous institution give to workers and its organizations against those unfair labor practices.
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Arreto, Marie-Caroline. "Les recours individuels directs devant la juridiction constitutionnelle : (Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Espagne) : contribution à une approche processuelle de contentieux constitutionnel." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D063.
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Les recours individuels directs devant la juridiction constitutionnelle sont marqués par une forte originalité. Leur originalité se caractérise tant par la possibilité qu’un individu puisse accéder sans intermédiaire au prétoire du juge constitutionnel, que par la diversité des actes contestables devant ce juge et par cet individu. Afin d’appréhender les diverses formes de recours individuel direct en Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique et Espagne, il convenait de mobiliser un instrument qui mette en évidence cette double spécificité d’études : le droit processuel. Celui-ci se définit en effet par l’ambition de traiter les divers contentieux de manière comparée, au-delà de leur nature particulière.Cette démarche comparative permet plus spécialement de relativiser le clivage droit privé/droit public : tandis que le droit processuel trouve habituellement son terrain d’élection dans le droit judiciaire privé, alors que le contentieux public est accaparé par la dimension du « procès fait à un acte », l’analyse des recours individuels directs permet d’appréhender pleinement le contentieux constitutionnel comme structure procédurale de protection des droits. Le droit processuel permet ainsi d’analyser les recours individuels directs comme forme entièrement développée de recours en protection des droit devant la juridiction constitutionnelle, forme qui n’existe pas en France : il permet une mise en perspective de notre culture juridique centrée sur la conformité juridique objective des actesDirect constitutional complaints before the Constitutional Court appear as a strongly original procedure. It is caracterized both by the possibility for an individual to have direct access to the Court and by the wide variety of the legal acts that can be challenged there. The analysis of the diverse forms of direct constitutional complaints in Austria, Belgium, Germany and Spain requires a conceptual framework that allows those two characteristics to stand out: processual law. Processual law can be defined by its ambition to consider various kinds of litigation in a comparative way beyond their specific nature. This comparative approach especially allows for a relativisation of the public law/private law distinction. In France, processual law is generally used in private litigation context, whereas public litigation is more focused on the “procès fait à un acte” dimension. By contrast, the analysis of direct constitutional complaints through processual law sheds a specific light on it as a procedural structure directed towards the protection of rights. In other words, direct constitutional complaints appear in this light as a fully developed form of procedure for the protection of rights, a form that does not exist in France. Our legal culture which is focused on the question of the objective legal conformity of acts is thus put into a new perspective
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Garriga, Cots Ada. "Le droit à l'éducation au sein de l'UE comme droit de l'homme." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020004.
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L’ « éducation tout au long de la vie », y compris dès la petite enfance, le primaire, le secondaire, la formation professionnelle, l’éducation supérieure et des adultes est devenue une priorité pour l’ONU (ODD 2030 numéro 4) et pour l’UE (moteur de la Stratégie 2020). La Commission envisage un Espace Européen d´Éducation, auprès le succès de l´Espace Européen d´Éducation Supérieur et l´Espace Européen de la Recherche. L´UE a fait de la mobilité son objectif et le programme Erasmus +, après trente ans, a bénéficié à plus de 9 millions de personnes. Pour autant, quels sont les droits dans le domaine de l’éducation des étudiants, parents, apprentis, directeurs d’établissements éducatifs publics et privés, professeurs, et des autres parties prenantes de la société civile (associations, fondations, entreprises) ? D’un point de vue juridique, les États de l’UE doivent suivre les obligations découlant de la DUDH, des Pactes, CDE, l’UNESCO, l’OIT, OMC, UNICEF, entre autres. Les États doivent répondre à ces obligations parmi les Examens Périodiques Universels, et suivre les recommandations du rapporteur spécial sur le droit à l’éducation. « L’acquis communautaire » a modelé le droit à l’éducation. Parmi les droits analysés se trouvent : le droit à la libre circulation des personnes, le droit à la libre prestation des services et d’établissement, des travailleurs, le principe de non-discrimination en raison de la nationalité, de l’égalité des genres, entre autres. Au regard de l’analyse de l’aspect international, de l’aspect européen et de l’aspect des droits de l’homme (application de la Charte des droits de l´homme et de la CEDH et sa jurisprudence), les citoyens de l’UE ont un droit à l’éducation au sein de l’UE comme droit de l’homme « sui generis » original et spécifique de l’UELifelong learning including early childhood, primary, secondary, vocational training, higher education and adult education has become a priority for the UN (ODD 2030, number 4) and for the EU (the driving force behind the 2020 Strategy). The Commission is considering a European Area of Education, with the success of the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area. The EU has made mobility its goal and the Erasmus + program for thirty years has benefited more than 9 million people. However, what are the rights in the field of education for: students, parents, trainees, and directors of public and private educational institutions, teachers, and other stakeholders of civil society (associations, foundations, companies)? From a legal point of view, EU States must follow the obligations following from the UDHR, the Covenants, the CRC, UNESCO, ILO, WTO, UNICEF, among others. States must meet these obligations among the Universal Periodic Review, and follow the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education. The « acquis communautaire » is shaping the right to education. Among the rights analyzed we find: rights of free movement of persons, services and establishment, workers, non-discrimination on grounds of nationality, and gender equality among others. After the analysis of the international aspect, the European aspect and the human rights aspect (application of the EU Charter of fundamental rights and the ECHR and its jurisprudence), EU citizens have a right to education in the EU as human right «sui generis»
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Bleischwitz, Yvonne [Verfasser]. "Designing and analyzing cost sharing mechanisms under fundamental performance objectives / von Yvonne Bleischwitz." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989742679/34.
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Liu, Hui-Min, and 劉慧敏. "An Application of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms on Fundamental Selection Strategy." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53914353815403219320.
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碩士國立中央大學
資訊管理研究所
90
Real-world problems involve multiple objectives that need to be optimized simulta-neously. So does investment problem. In this paper, we propose a framework of stock portfo-lio selection strategies based on MOGA and using fundamental data of company’s financial statements. MOGA is well suited to solve these multi-objective optimization problems since a family of “acceptable” solutions — a Pareto set — can be identified by different individuals through the evaluation process. We implement the framework with VEGA, a kind of MOGA method. Our preliminary experiments show that the results of these MOGA-based strategies are promising.
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Lien, Yu-An. "Optimization and automation of relative fundamental frequency for objective assessment of vocal hyperfunction." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/13645.
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The project objective is to improve clinical assessment and diagnosis of the voice disorder, vocal hyperfunction (VH). VH is a condition characterized by excessive laryngeal and paralaryngeal tension, and is assumed to be the underlying cause of the majority of voice disorders. Current clinical assessment of VH is subjective and demonstrates poor inter-rater reliability. Recent work indicates that a new acoustic measure, relative fundamental frequency (RFF) is sensitive to the maladaptive functional behaviors associated with VH and can potentially be used to objectively characterize VH.
Here, we explored and enhanced the potential for RFF as a measure of VH in three ways. First, the current protocol for RFF estimation was optimized to simplify the recording procedure and reduce estimation time. Second, RFF was compared with the current state-of-the-art measures of VH – listener perception of vocal effort and the aerodynamic ratio of sound pressure level to subglottal pressure level. Third, an automated algorithm that utilized the optimized recording protocol was developed and validated against manual estimation methods and listener perception. This work enables large-scale studies on RFF to determine the specific physiological elements that contribute to the measure’s ability to capture VH and may potentially provide a non-invasive and readily implemented solution for this long-standing clinical issue.
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Geyer, J. M. "'n Fundamenteel-kritiese evaluering van voorstelle vir relevante skoolkurrikula in die R.S.A." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9318.
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