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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fundamental principles of commerce

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fundamental principles of commerce'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fundamental principles of commerce"

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Rathi K. N. and Yamuna Devi V. "Indian Constitutional Framework for Commerce and Its Awareness Among Commerce Students." Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 1, no. III (2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v1n3.03.

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The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is a living document, the permanent instrument which makes the government system work. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of the citizens. The awareness of the constitutional provisions among the citizens of our country is very essential since, it makes the individuals more responsible towards the country. The Indian Constitutional Framework for Comme

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Hafid, Abd, Syamsul Bahri, Sitti Nikmah Marzuki, Musrini Muis, and Rini Idayanti. "The Application of Khiyar Principles to E-Commerce Transaction: The Islamic Economy Perspective." Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (2024): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.20890.

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This essay seeks to analyze the utilization of khiyar in e-commerce transactions within the context of Islamic economics. The principle of khiyar allows individuals to exercise the option to either proceed with or terminate a transaction. This theory is applicable to various types of buying and selling transactions, including those conducted in the realm of e-commerce. This study employs a normative legal methodology with an Islamic economic perspective, which is evaluated descriptively. The data was gathered through an extensive analysis of literary sources, including journal articles, books,

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Wakoli, Leonard W. "Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security for E-Commerce." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 12, no. 12 (2024): 8047–52. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i12.em03.

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Digital commerce has revolutionized the global economy, offering many opportunities for businesses and consumers. The increase in volume and number of online transactions comes the critical need for robust security measures to protect sensitive data from malicious actors. The research paper aims to provide stakeholders with the knowledge and insights necessary to build trust and confidence in online transactions. Specific objectives are: (i) to establish the fundamental principles underpinning Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) encryption, (ii) to provide SSL/TLS mechanism

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Arora, Leishika. "Psychology behind the success of Quick Commerce." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 03 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem42697.

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The rise of quick commerce has revolutionized the way consumers access and purchase products, characterized by rapid delivery times and a heightened sense of immediacy. This paper extensively delves into the crucial role of psychological factors that contribute to the success of q-commerce platforms, examining how consumer behavior is influenced by convenience, instant gratification, and cognitive biases.The research aims to detail the roles of psychological aspects that influence online consumer behavior.The findings suggest that q-commerce's success is not only a result of logistical innovat

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Li, Feng Yin, and Pei Yu Liu. "A Trust Management Model in Electronic Commerce Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 2669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.2669.

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Most current trust management systems cannot precisely reflect the dynamic feature of trust status. Based on the fundamental trust management principles and the thin client requirements in electronic commerce applications, by introducing the concept of Important Factor in trust calculation, a centralized trust management architecture and an efficient trust evaluation method were proposed. The trust evaluation method advocates defining as less formulae as possible to enable a simple and efficient trust evaluation system. And the parameters in trust evaluation equation can vary to adapt to diffe

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Marischa, Diva, and Reni Budi Setianingrum. "Transfer of Personal Data by E-Commerce Companies: A Study From The Perspective of Indonesian Personal Data Protection Laws." Ikatan Penulis Mahasiswa Hukum Indonesia Law Journal 4, no. 1 (2024): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ipmhi.v4i1.78267.

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In the era of globalization, the protection of personal data has become a critical issue in Indonesia, especially within the e-commerce sector. Cases of this nature underscore the significance of safeguarding personal data and enforcing stringent legal measures. This research employs a normative juridical legal study that integrates two primary approaches: the legislative approach and the comparative approach. The research data sources comprise primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through a comprehensive literature review. The data analysis process is conducted using a des

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Liu, Yuwei, Xiaoqing Dong, Xiaomin Wang, Jianing Wang, and Jiaxuan Du. "Legal regulation of price monopoly on e-commerce platforms." Advances in Social Behavior Research 16, no. 3 (2025): 8–23. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7102/2025.22082.

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With the advancement of internet technology and the widespread adoption of high-speed network technologies such as 5G, e-commerce platforms have become the primary channels for everyday shopping. However, issues such as "big data price discrimination" and predatory pricing have emerged during their development, leading to price monopolies that harm the real economy and public interest. This study analyzes the legal regulatory framework, fundamental principles, regulatory measures, and their advantages and disadvantages concerning price monopoly on e-commerce platforms. It further identifies th

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Ayu P, Dwi Ajeng, and Dipo Wahyoeono. "PRINSIP KE HATI-HATIAN DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT MELALUI E-COMMERCE (AKULAKU)." Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance 2, no. 3 (2022): 648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53363/bureau.v2i3.55.

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Along with current developments, providing support in a wider variety of business networks without limits, accessing the internet is not limited to accessing information only through available media, but can also be used as a means of trading sales transactions with various existing market place platforms, as well as a network that wide to no limit of time and place. In its implementation of online applications, there are still many obstacles and problems that occur, as a result of the occurrence of a bad system from the banking system, namely superiors or actors who often behave badly and pay

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Elisa, Erlin, Darmansyah Darmansyah, Sri Zetly, Pastima Simanjutak, and Robby Satria. "PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PLATFORM MARKETPLACE PRODUK KERAJINAN TANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN SISWA SMK KOLESE TIARA BANGSA BATAM." PUAN INDONESIA 7, no. 1 (2025): 151–56. https://doi.org/10.37296/jpi.v7i1.429.

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Digital sales in Indonesia have become increasingly accessible with the presence of electronic payment systems such as digital wallets (e-wallets) and online bank transfers, which simplify transactions between buyers and sellers. Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok have become effective marketing tools, enabling brands to reach a wider audience through targeted advertisements and influencer marketing. E-commerce in Indonesia has also seen significant growth, with platforms such as Tokopedia, Bukalapak, Shopee, and Lazada dominating the market. The training on marketplac

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Purnomo, Heri, Mohamad Anton Athoillah, and Muhamad Dede Rodliyana. "Hadist Tentang Penjualan Berdasarkan Kesepakatan Bersama, Dalam Konteks Kehidupan Kontemporer." An-Nisa: Journal of Islamic Family Law 2, no. 1 (2025): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.63142/an-nisa.v2i1.80.

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Hadiths are one of the most important sources of Islamic law, including in economic matters, especially in buying and selling transactions. Sales based on mutual agreement is a fundamental principle described in various traditions. In the context of contemporary life, this principle is relevant in various modern business models, both in physical and digital transactions. This article examines the relevance of the traditions governing sale and purchase transactions in the context of the modern economy taking into account the dynamics of technological development, e-commerce, and the need for tr

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fundamental principles of commerce"

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Scade, Paul Richard. "Stoicism and Plato : fundamental principles." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439142.

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Abazie, Nikolas Okwudili. "Fundamental principles for inculturating Igbo liturgy." Hamburg Kovač, 2003. http://d-nb.info/993570240/04.

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Montgomery, Sean J. (Sean Joseph) 1979. "Competitive physics : teaching fundamental principles through design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89928.

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Du, Preez Hanneke. "A construction of the fundamental principles of taxation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57171.

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The importance of considering Taxation1 a specialised field of study is often ignored because people assume that taxation is already adequately dealt with in other disciplines. It is therefore imperative to identify or construct the Fundamental Principles of Taxation to establish Taxation as a specialised field of study for the purposes of research and education, and to inform the practice. The theory of the discipline of Taxation encompasses the most basic principles required to comprehend Taxation. By contrast, taxation policy addresses the practical arena of taxation, including the collecti

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Sinclair, Malcolm David. "The identification of fundamental law and its basic principles." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617330/.

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This thesis argues that the doctrine of absolute Parliamentary Sovereignty does not have a proper legal basis and is a political doctrine. The most superior form of law is Fundamental Law which, contrary to the existing legal view, does have a legal basis for its existence. Fundamental Law is that body of law which expressly or by implication states in its rules the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. These fundamental rights and freedoms are intrinsically linked to a concept which can be properly called Fundamental Justice. A principle inherent within a rule of Fundamental Law

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CALAZANS, PAULO MURILLO. "DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY, LEGITIMATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4053@1.

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O debate argumentativo na sociedade antecede e renova o espírito vinculante das cartas constitucionais. A busca por uma fundamentação da normatividade dos princípios constitucionais requer, mais do que o peso que se pretende atribuir ao papel da jurisdição constitucional, que se identifique a relevância da deliberação democrática no processo de formação do sentimento constitucional pelos cidadãos da polis, que são, ao mesmo tempo, destinatários e agentes criadores das diretrizes políticas fundamentais. A maior contribuição dos estudos elaborados em torno da democracia deliberativa res

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Pixner, Konrad. "Analysis of parameters to challenge fundamental principles in viticulture." Master's thesis, ISA, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8595.

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Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de Agronomia<br>Three different pruning methods were used as a model system to challenge fundamental principles in viticulture. Different viticultural and physiological parameters of field grown Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Chenin blanc and Syrah have been quantified, analysed and compared; main focus was on the comparison of ratios between and amongst vegetative and reproductive parameters. Changes in grapevine morphology due to the pruning system as already described in literature could be proofed; number of buds left at winter-pruning i

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Davidson, Andrew Doran. "Fundamental Principles of Tremor Propagation in the Upper Limb." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6509.

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Although tremor is the most common movement disorder, there exist few effective tremor-suppressing devices, in part because the characteristics of tremor throughout the upper limb are unknown. To clarify, optimally suppressing tremor requires a knowledge of the mechanical origin, propagation, and distribution of tremor throughout the upper limb. Here we present the first systematic investigation of how tremor propagates between the shoulder, elbow, forearm, and wrist. We simulated tremor propagation using a linear, time-invariant, lumped-parameter musculoskeletal model relating joint torques a

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Petersen, James Vincent. "Investigation into the fundamental principles of fiber optic evanescent sensors." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02052007-081233/.

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Klettner, Christian. "On the fundamental principles of waves propagating over complex geometry." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/624504/.

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In 2004 the Indian Ocean tsunami once again showed the world the destructive capabilities of these natural disasters. In this work this practical problem was abstracted to a simplified problem of waves propagating over complex geometry, specifically the processes involved in a solitary and leading depression wave interacting with a bottom seated semi-cylinder over uniform depth and shoaling topography. A purpose written Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element code to solve the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation was developed. It utilised high performance libraries PETSc, Hypre and Tri

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Books on the topic "Fundamental principles of commerce"

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Larson, Kermit D. Fundamental accounting principles. 8th ed. Chicago, 1996.

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Larson, Kermit D. Fundamental accounting principles. Irwin, 1988.

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Larson, Kermit D. Fundamental accounting principles. Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1999.

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Larson, Kermit D. Fundamental accounting principles. Irwin, 1992.

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author, Jensen Tilly, and Dieckmann Heidi author, eds. Fundamental accounting principles. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2016.

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D, Larson Kermit, and Chiappetta Barbara, eds. Fundamental accounting principles. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2008.

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Subbarao, Kalagnanam Suresh, and Jensen Tilly, eds. Fundamental accounting principles. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2007.

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D, Larson Kermit, and Pyle William W, eds. Fundamental accounting principles. 5th ed. Irwin, 1987.

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author, Jensen Tilly, ed. Fundamental accounting principles. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2013.

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W, Shaw Ken, and Chiappetta Barbara, eds. Fundamental accounting principles. McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fundamental principles of commerce"

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Schäberle, Wilhelm. "Fundamental Principles." In Ultrasonography in Vascular Diagnosis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02509-9_1.

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Chakrabarty, J. "Fundamental Principles." In Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3268-9_1.

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Triebel, Hans. "Fundamental Principles." In Theory of Function Spaces IV. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35891-4_1.

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Page, Janet, and C. George M. Fernie. "Fundamental Principles." In Clinical Forensic Medicine. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-258-8_2.

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Charlton, Michael, Stefan Eriksson, and Graham M. Shore. "Fundamental Principles." In Antihydrogen and Fundamental Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51713-7_2.

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Chakrabarty, J. "Fundamental Principles." In Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77674-3_1.

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Pickett, John, Margaret R. Oates, and Peter R. H. Barbor. "Fundamental Principles." In Understanding Child Abuse. Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18667-9_8.

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Stark, Margaret M. "Fundamental Principles." In Clinical Forensic Medicine. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29462-5_2.

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Palmer, Roy N. "Fundamental Principles." In A Physician’s Guide to Clinical Forensic Medicine. Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-022-3_2.

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Puthoff, Jonathan B., and Vilupanur A. Ravi. "Fundamental Principles." In Materials for Engineers. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003214403-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fundamental principles of commerce"

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Mansuripur, Masud. "Fundamental principles and applications of nonlinear optical phenomena in classical and quantum electrodynamics." In Molecular and Nanophotonic Machines, Devices, and Applications VII, edited by Zouheir Sekkat and Takashige Omatsu. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3028528.

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Naofumi, Otsuka, and Takuma Hironori. "Investigation of the Relationship between the “Project Management Principles” and “Fundamental Skills for Business“." In 2024 IEEE/ACIS 9th International Conference on Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Data Science (BCD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcd61269.2024.10743093.

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Wagner, John, Cecil Huey, and Katie Knaub. "Clock Mechanism Fundamentals for Education: Modeling and Analysis." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2100.

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Time keeping devices have been designed, fabricated, and widely deployed throughout history to regulate daily functions including commerce and transportation. In addition, horology offers a catalog of mankind’s innovation and demonstrates important scientific and engineering concepts. The investigation and analysis of clock systems from a mechatronics perspective illustrates the evolution of gear systems, feedback control, and transformation of energy for time measurement. In this paper, the operational behavior of an eight day mechanical clock has been studied through mathematical models, num

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Luo, Gongxu, Jianxin Li, Hao Peng, et al. "Graph Entropy Guided Node Embedding Dimension Selection for Graph Neural Networks." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/381.

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Graph representation learning has achieved great success in many areas, including e-commerce, chemistry, biology, etc. However, the fundamental problem of choosing the appropriate dimension of node embedding for a given graph still remains unsolved. The commonly used strategies for Node Embedding Dimension Selection (NEDS) based on grid search or empirical knowledge suffer from heavy computation and poor model performance. In this paper, we revisit NEDS from the perspective of minimum entropy principle. Subsequently, we propose a novel Minimum Graph Entropy (MinGE) algorithm for NEDS with grap

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Hall, Ernest L. "Fundamental principles of robot vision." In Optical Tools for Manufacturing and Advanced Automation, edited by David P. Casasent. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.150210.

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Elezi, Zemri. "FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF DRAFTING THE CONSTITUTION." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b21/s4.018.

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WADE, SEAN. "Fundamental Principles of Proper Space Kinematics." In Unified Field Mechanics: Natural Science Beyond the Veil of Spacetime. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814719063_0035.

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Mullins, Oliver, Andrew Pomerantz, and Yunlong Zhang. "Asphaltenes: Fundamental Principles to Oilfield Applications." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206091-ms.

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Abstract The sophisticated molecular imaging methods, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), have been utilized to image individual asphaltene molecules, both their atoms and bonds, and their electronic structure. The stunning images have confirmed previous results and have all but resolved the long-standing uncertainties regarding asphaltene molecular architecture. Asphaltenes are also known to have a strong propensity to aggregate. The dominante asphaltene molecular structure and hierarchical nanocolloidal structures have been resolved and codified in the Yen-

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Cheisviyanny, Charoline, Sany Dwita, and Herlina Helmy. "Fundamental Principles in Spiritualism-Based MCS." In The Fifth Padang International Conference On Economics Education, Economics, Business and Management, Accounting and Entrepreneurship (PICEEBA-5 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201126.005.

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Antonov, Vladislav, Vladimir Naumov, Alexander Soldatov, and Daria Stepanova. "Fundamental Principles of Smart Protection Device." In 2020 Ural Smart Energy Conference (USEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usec50097.2020.9281227.

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Reports on the topic "Fundamental principles of commerce"

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Shebilske, Wayne L., and Kevin M. Gildea. Fundamental Principles in Adaptive Learning Technology. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421078.

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Ferreira Dias, João. How Populism and Culture Wars Affect Fundamental Rights. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. https://doi.org/10.55271/jps000112.

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This paper examines the intricate relationship between populism, culture wars, and fundamental rights. It explores how the rise of populist movements and the intensification of culture wars reshape the interpretation and implementation of fundamental rights, often polarizing societal values and threatening democratic principles. By delving into the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, the paper highlights how populism amplifies ideological divides, leveraging culture wars to contest principles of equality, freedom of expression, and social justice. The study categorizes populism into economi

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Rabitz, Herschel, Michael Littman, Steven Lyon, and Mansour Shayegan. Determination of Fundamental Operating Principles of Nanometer-Scale Solid State Devices: Design and Construction. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608318.

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Handel, Peter H. Fundamental Quantum 1/F Noise in Ultrasmall Semiconductor Devices and Their Optimal Design Principles. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198462.

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Handel, Peter H. Fundamental Quantum 1/F Noise in Ultrasmall Semi Conductor Devices and Their Optimal Design Principles. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada174512.

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Osborne, Olivia, Cath Mulholland, Sophy Wells, and Alan Boobis. Evolving Our Assessment & Future Guiding Principles Workshop Report (2023). Food Standards Agency, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.qpo647.

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1.The Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) held a workshop to start work on updating their guidance on toxicity testing and its supporting principles. The starting point for the process is to use existing frameworks and guidance but with the aim of introducing innovative improvements where appropriate. 2.The workshop aimed to identify areas where guidance needs to evolve and included reviewing fundamental risk assessment principles, current guidance on risk assessment and what can be learned from it, integration of new approach methodologies,

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Tam, David C. A Study of Neuronal Properties, Synaptic Plasticity and Network Interactions Using a Computer Reconstituted Neuronal Network Derived from Fundamental Biophysical Principles. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada257221.

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Toroczkai, Zoltan, and Alessandro Vespignani. Understanding the Fundamental Principles Underlying the Survival and Efficient Recovery of Multi-Scale Techno-Social Networks Following a WMD Event (A). Defense Technical Information Center, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1011657.

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Tam, David C. A Study of Neuronal Properties, Synaptic Plasticity and Network Interactions Using a Computer Reconstituted Neuronal Network Derived from Fundamental Biophysical Principles. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230477.

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Orban, Levente. Lecture Short Notes: Covariance, Standardization, and Correlation: A Statistical Overview. Orban Foundation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69642/2421.

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This article provides an extensive overview of key statistical concepts related to covariance, standardization, and correlation. These principles are fundamental in psychology and behavioral sciences, particularly in data analysis. The document refines and formalizes lecture content, incorporating detailed mathematical formulations, conceptual explanations, real-world applications, and R scripts for manual computation.

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