Dissertations / Theses: 'Fundamental rights of individuals'

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Gehlen, Gabriel Menna Barreto von. "A eficácia contra particulares dos direitos (drittwirkung) sob enfoque de seus deveres de proteção (schutzflichten)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13171.

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Trata-se de estudo de Direito Constitucional acerca dos direitos fundamentais. Inicialmente estudam-se os conceitos de direito subjetivo e de direito fundamental, elencandose as suas assim chamadas “gerações”. Após, enfrenta-se a construção doutrinária dos “deveres de proteção” dos direitos fundamentais. De mão desses conhecimentos, volta-se o foco, na segunda parte, para a teoria da “eficácia contra particulares” dos direitos fundamentais. Inicialmente, ubica-se-a no fenômeno maior da “Constitucionalização do Direito Privado”. Após, enunciam-se as teorias contrapostas que se construíram para a explicação dessa “eficácia contra particulares”, apresentando-se solução de conciliação. Aborda-se também particularidade processual atinente à divisão de competências dos tribunais de Brasília (STF e STJ) para aplicação da “eficácia contra particulares”. Conclui-se, finalmente, sobre possibilidade de superação dos riscos que os detratores dessa teoria levantam, contanto que respeitados determinados marcos teóricos.
This is a study on Constitutional Law about fundamental rights. First are focused the concepts of subjectiv right, fundamental rights, and its “generations”. Afterwards the attention shifts to the “duty of protection” of the fundamental rights. In the second part, the doctrine of the “effect of fundamental rights against private individuals” and the opposing theories about it are researched, with the proposal of a conciliatory solution. Then, the particular division of judiciary competences in Brasilia (between STJ and STF) to enforce that doctrine is targeted. Finally, the study concludes in favour of the possibility of avoiding the risks presented by the enemmies of that doctrine, if some theoretical marks are respected.

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Gomes, Técio Spínola. "A aplicação adequada da fluid recovery na liquidação e execução de ações coletivas sobre direitos individuais homogêneos." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11319.

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O presente trabalho aborda a técnica da fluid recovery utilizada para a liquidação e execução de ações coletivas em defesa de direitos individuais homogêneos. Objetiva-se estudar como esta técnica pode servir para a ampliação do acesso à justiça e concretização do direito à tutela executiva, que é corolário do princípio do devido processo legal. O microssistema da tutela coletiva é utilizado como referencial normativo do processo coletivo brasileiro. A fluid recovery é abordada, desde a sua origem, nos Estados Unidos da América, sendo também observado o desenvolvimento do instituto nos países da tradição da common law. Diante da previsão da fluid recovery no Código Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor, indaga-se como esta técnica deve ser aplicada para a máxima efetivação de direitos.
Salvador

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Kaya, Hülya. "The EU-Turkey agreement on refugees : a critical evaluation of its impact on the fundamental rights of refugees." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76738/.

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Berardo, Carlos Francisco. "A era dos Direitos Sociais: lineamentos históricos, filosóficos e jurídicos dos Direitos Humanos Fundamentais: relação com o Direito do Trabalho: aplicação, pela jurisprudência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-29082013-080318/.

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O objetivo essencial da tese é o exame específico dos Direitos Humanos Fundamentais e dos princípios respectivos, sobretudo aqueles relativos à dignidade da pessoa humana e ao valor social do trabalho, bem como da relação destes com o Direito do Trabalho e com o Direito Processual do Trabalho. A oportunidade (ou necessidade) para este estudo resultou da constante referência, nas petições, nos debates e nas decisões dos Juízes e Tribunais do Trabalho, aos Direitos Humanos Fundamentais, assim como ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana o mais importante na menção aos Direitos Humanos e, também, consagrado pela (e na) Constituição Federal. Trata-se de projeção de tais preocupações da vivência diária, como juiz, sobretudo depois da ampliação da competência da Justiça do Trabalho, decorrente da Emenda Constitucional n. 45, de 2004. Daí resultou a verificação da efetividade e eficácia da inclusão dos Direitos Humanos no Direito positivo. Há estudo da terminologia. Passou-se ao estudo das diversas concepções, segundo as variadas correntes doutrinárias. Entendeu-se indispensável a leitura da sua evolução, na história, na filosofia, na teologia, e da sua inclusão no Direito positivo. Adotou-se como marco, neste último, a Declaração dos Direitos do Homem, de 1789, percorrendo-se a história dos diversos artigos, relacionados especificamente às liberdades fundamentais, diante da conjuntura social então vigente. Também foram trazidos elementos históricos para o estudo da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, de 20 de dezembro de 1948, da Organização das Nações Unidas. Verificou-se a relação entre o Direito do Trabalho e os Direitos Humanos Fundamentais. Como projeção da personalidade do trabalhador, a essência do Direito do Trabalho é apenas uma das vertentes dos Direitos Humanos senão os próprios Direitos Humanos, já que a identificação é ampla. Foram examinadas as diversas escolas do Direito Natural, desde a Grécia, através de Roma, da Idade Média e do período pré-moderno, na Patrística e na Escolástica, até o Direito Natural nos termos estabelecidos pelo que se convencionou chamar de Iluminismo. Num dos capítulos, especificamente, foram considerados os Direitos Humanos como direitos universais. O conceito foi adotado no sentido de que a dignidade está ligada ao fato de existir e não à mera capacidade biológica, psicológica ou a qualquer outra avaliação social. Está baseada na ética ontológica, de natureza universal. Logo, não é fundada em mera ética dos direitos ou da utilidade, sujeita a valorações externas, de natureza social. A realidade do ser humano é que ele é possuidor de plena qualificação antropológica e ética. O ser humano traz impressos em si a própria dignidade e o próprio valor. Há nexo intrínseco entre a dimensão ontológica e o valor específico de cada ser humano. A objeção de consciência como irradiação do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana completa o estudo. Daí também considerar-se que os Direitos Humanos são inerentes à personalidade do trabalhador. No último capítulo, cuidou-se de especificar a evolução da jurisprudência relativa ao essencial direito de acesso à Justiça. Também foram referidos os direitos da mulher trabalhadora, especialmente a garantia de emprego, ou estabilidade, da gestante, bem como os direitos dos trabalhadores infectado infectados pelo vírus HIV ou portadores de outra doença grave que suscite estigma ou preconceito.
The main goal of this thesis is the specific assessment of the Fundamental Human Rights and its respective principles, especially those related to human dignity and the social value of work, as well as the relationship among those with Labor Law and Procedural Labor Law. The opportunity (or need) for this work resulted from the constant presence, in applications, discussions and Court decisions, of references to Fundamental Human Rights and to the principle of human dignity the most important amongst Human Rights and also set forth by (and in) the Federal Constitution. This is a result from the authors daily experience as a judge, especially after the broadening of the powers of the Labor Courts following Constitutional Amendment n. 45/2004, and therefore the concerns with the efficiency and the effectiveness of the inclusion of Human Rights in Positive Law. The author reviews the assessment of the terminology, with the review of different notions, on the basis of the various theoretical tendencies. The author took as indispensable to review the evolution of the concept in History, Philosophy and Theology and its inclusion in Positive Law. In the latter, as a landmark stands the 1789 Declaration of Human Rights, from which the author walks through the history of the different provisions regarding fundamental civil liberties, in view of the social circumstances at the time. Historical elements were also brought to the study of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, from December 20, 1948, issued by the United Nations Organization. The author assesses the relationship between Labor Law and the Fundamental Human Rights. As a projection of the personality of the worker, the essence of Labor Law is just one of the perspectives of the Human Rights if not the Human Rights themselves, as the identification among them is extensive. The author reviews the different schools of Natural Law, since Greece, through Rome, the Middle Ages and pre-modern period, in Patristic and Scholastic, until the Natural Law as defined by what came to be known as the Age of Enlightenment. In one chapter, more specifically, Human Rights were considered as Universal Rights. The concept was adopted in the meaning that dignity is linked to the existence and not to the mere biological or psychological ability, nor to any other social evaluation. It is based in the ontological ethics, of a universal nature. Therefore, it is not based in the mere ethics of rights or utility, subject to external valuations, of a social nature. The human being reality is that he or she is the owner of full anthropological and ethical qualification. The human being has imprinted in him or herself its own dignity and value. There is an intrinsic bond between the ontological dimension and the specific value of every human being. Conscientious objection as the irradiation of the human dignity principle completes the study. Therefore the author also considers that the Human Rights are inherent to the workers personality. In the last chapter, the author specifies the evolution of the case law regarding the essential right of access to Justice. Also reviewed are the rights of working women, such as, especially, work assurance, or stability, of pregnant women; HIV-infected workers or bearers of other serious illness leading to stigmas or prejudice.

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Monaco, Mariana Del. "Suporte fático do direito fundamental ao trabalho(art. 7º, I, da Constituição): análise à luz do pensamento cepalino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-11022015-133948/.

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O presente trabalho trata do direito ao trabalho no âmbito da Constituição de 1988, analisando-o à luz da Teoria dos Princípios e do pensamento cepalino. Inicia-se a pesquisa analisando o desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro, inserido no contexto mundial e regional. A leitura da doutrina cepalina auxilia na reconstrução das dificuldades enfrentadas pelo Brasil desde a sua colonização e identifica características estruturais que o identificam como país periférico. Apresenta-se a influência da economia particularmente no ramo do Direito do Trabalho, a partir das reformas trabalhistas ocorridas a partir dos anos 1990, com a ascensão do neoliberalismo, cujo processo é identificado como flexibilização. Após, procura-se demonstrar que o Direito do Trabalho pode ser identificado como um ramo que converge para diversos direito fundamentais, o que permite a sua análise a partir da teoria dos princípios, desenvolvida por Robert Alexy e pesquisada no Brasil por Virgílio Afonso da Silva.
The present essay intends to analyze Labor Law within the scope of the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution, under the view of the Principles Theory and the understandings from the ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The research begins with an analysis of Brazils economic development, within the global and regional contexts. The study of the ECLAC doctrine assists the reconstruction of the difficulties faced by Brazil since its colonization and identifies structural characteristics that identifies it as a peripheral country. It is presented the influence of the economy particularly within Labor Law, from the labor reforms that took place since the 1990s, with the ascension of neoliberalism, which process is identified as the flexibility of labor relations. After this, intends to demonstrate that Labor Law can be identified as a branch that converges into numerous fundamental rights, allowing its analysis from the Principles Theory, developed by Robert Alexy and researched in Brazil by Virgílio Afonso da Silva.

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Gaspar, Gisele de Lourdes Friso Santos. "A privacidade do consumidor e a responsabilidade da empresa no espaço virtual: uma análise sob a ótica da eficácia direitos fundamentais nas relações privadas e da funcionalização do direito na responsabilidade da empresa." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2014. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1234.

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This research aims to study the fundamental right to privacy in cyberspace, especially in consumer relations. It analyzes the effectiveness of fundamental rights in relations between individuals and the social function of company liability that is related of off-balance sheet consumer detriment. This analysis is made from punitive damages perspective. The traditional point of view states that fundamental rights are effective only in opposition to the State. However, from the 1950s this view has changed, going to check the effectiveness of these rights in relations between individuals. From another hand, the phenomenon of functionalism of the law has been growth, since the institutes of law are seen today not only by their structure but by their external relationship. By merging of these two current law visions it is possible to notice that the liability has a social function - especially when facing injuries to the right to privacy of the consumer, which is the vulnerable part of the legal relationship. The Internet revolution promoted in society is well known as well as the way people exchange information and data, facilitating communication. However, in the same way it has facilitated the relationships between people, it caused problems not previously encountered such as high privacy exposure of the consumers. The high growth electronic commerce, in larger proportions than the old means of trade, also caused the multiple problems, especially in how consumer data is protected (or exposed) in cyberspace. Due to these issues, the challenges of this research is to reconcile the right to privacy in cyberspace consumer relations as well as to determine, in accordance with current legislation, the corporate responsibility regarding the safety of consumer data. In case of injury to the consumer, this work analyses how the social function of civil liability – as a negative sanction - is able to generate positive behavioral changes, especially focused to prevent further injury.
Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade o estudo do direito fundamental à privacidade no espaço virtual, especialmente nas relações de consumo. Analisa-se a eficácia dos direitos fundamentais nas relações entre particulares e a função social da responsabilidade civil da empresa em relação a danos extrapatrimoniais causados ao consumidor, sob a ótica dos danos punitivos. A visão tradicional é de que os direitos fundamentais têm eficácia apenas em oposição ao Estado. Entretanto, a partir da década de 1950, essa visão modificou-se, passando-se a verificar a eficácia desses direitos nas relações entre particulares. Por outro ladp, o fenômeno da funcionalização do direito vem ocorrendo de forma crescente, posto que os institutos de direito são hoje vistos também por sua função – relação externa – e não apenas por sua estrutura. Conciliando essas duas visões atuais do direito, pode-se verificar que a responsabilidade civil possui uma função social, especialmente quando se está diante de lesões ao direito à privacidade do consumidor, que é a parte vulnerável na relação jurídica. É de conhecimento notório a revolução que a Internet promoveu na sociedade e na forma como as pessoas trocam informações e dados, facilitando a comunicação. Entretanto, da mesma forma que facilitou as relações entre pessoas, trouxe problemas antes não enfrentados, como a extrema exposição da privacidade das dos consumidores. Também o aumento vertiginoso do comércio eletrônico, em proporções maiores do que os antigos meios de comércio, fez com que os problemas se multiplicassem, sobretudo na forma como os dados dos consumidores são protegidos (ou expostos) no espaço virtual. Em razão dessas questões verificadas, o desafio proposto nesta pesquisa é conciliar o direito à privacidade nas relações de consumo ocorridas no espaço virtual e apurar, de acordo com a legislação vigente, a responsabilidade da empresa em relação à segurança dos dados dos consumidores. Havendo lesões ao consumidor, analisa-se a forma como a função social da responsabilidade civil, sendo uma sanção negativa, é capaz de gerar mudanças positivas de comportamento, especialmente para prevenir novas lesões.

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Neto, Sílvio Beltramelli. "Amplitude das obrigações do empregador frente ao direito à moradia do trabalhador migrante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-13022014-104700/.

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A frequência com que trabalhadores migrantes encontram-se submetidos a condições indignas de moradia despertou o interesse na investigação da existência e da extensão de obrigação jurídica do empregador em relação a seu correspondente direito. Como deixa entrever a jurisprudência a respeito, à exceção das ocasiões em que o empregador expressamente assume obrigação de tal natureza, o problema não encontra resposta normativa enunciada de forma específica. À vista dos direitos fundamentais, normas jurídicas nacionais e internacionais convergem no sentido de que o conteúdo do direito à moradia não se preenche com a simples existência de um abrigo ou alojamento; tem deveras maior alcance e abrange a concepção da moradia adequada. A inserção do direito à moradia do trabalhador migrante no âmbito do contrato de emprego pode suscitar colisão entre aquele direito fundamental e o de proteção à propriedade do empregador. A solução apresentada pretende oferecer uma resposta plausível e fundamentada à indagação central da pesquisa, dentre os possíveis encaminhamentos do problema.
The frequency with which migrant workers are subjected to degrading housing conditions has aroused the interest in investigating the existence and extent of the employer\'s legal obligation in relation to his/her corresponding right. As jurisprudence about it allows us to glimpse, except for occasions where the employer expressly assumes an obligation of such nature, the problem finds no normative response specifically set out. In view of fundamental rights, national and international legal standards converge in the sense that the content of the right to housing is not filled with the mere existence of a shelter; indeed has greater range and covers the conception of a dignifying housing. The insertion of the housing rights of migrant workers under the scope of the labor agreement may raise collision between that fundamental right and that of protecting the employer\'s property. The solution presented aims to provide a plausible answer and reasoned to the research central question, among the possible referrals of the problem.

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Laurentiis, Lucas Catib de. "A proporcionalidade no direito constitucional: origem, modelos e reconstrução dogmática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-08122015-075557/.

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O trabalho aborda o modelo constitucional da proporcionalidade. Expõe a origem e as transformações desse teste, passando pelo direito policial prussiano, por suas primeiras manifestações na jurisprudência constitucional alemã até chegar ao modelo geral da proporcionalidade, que, integrando a ponderação, foi apresentado ao mundo como a estrutura argumentativa que realiza e concentra o maior grau possível de racionalidade jurídica. Com essa feição, a proporcionalidade foi integrada ao direito brasileiro e transformou o modelo antes aplicado no país, que, tal qual o modelo prussiano, era centrado na noção de defesa. São apresentados os problemas jurídicos e argumentativos dessa transformação da proporcionalidade, que tende a consumir as demais funções dos direitos fundamentais e a anular as características dogmáticas dessas normas. Centrada na análise de precedentes da jurisprudência constitucional, a exposição demonstra como a generalização do conceito e da aplicação da proporcionalidade está relacionada à perda dos contornos dogmáticos dos direitos fundamentais. Aborda a tentativa formulada pela teoria dos princípios de racionalizar a proporcionalidade e assim contornar os paradoxos gerados pela aplicação descontrolada da prova. Explora as falhas e apresenta críticas ao modelo proposto pela teoria dos princípios, que não consegue apresentar soluções para os problemas da ponderação de princípios e valores. Com fundamento na distinção entre teoria e dogmática constitucional e em recentes decisões da jurisprudência constitucional alemã, que já apresentam reflexos na literatura, o trabalho propõe uma alteração nos pressupostos teóricos e práticos da proporcionalidade. Dois fundamentos guiam esse processo de reconstrução. O primeiro é o redirecionamento da prova à sua função de defesa dos direitos fundamentais. Isso faz com que o teste readquira seus contornos dogmáticos, mas também limita seu âmbito de aplicação. O segundo é sua correlação com os conteúdos normativos dos direitos fundamentais restringidos pela atividade estatal. A tese apresenta um modelo da prova que é sensível às peculiaridades jurídicas de cada direito fundamental. Com isso, a proporcionalidade passa a ter orientação normativa e conteúdo material. E os testes que a compõem têm de ser também redirecionados e reconfigurados em função de tais mudanças de pressupostos.
This work addresses the constitutional model of proportionality. It exposes the origins and transformations of this test, passing by the Prussian police law, through its earliest disclosures in the German constitutional jurisprudence until finally reach the general model of proportionality, which, incorporating balancing, was presented to the world as the argumentative structure that performs and concentrates the greatest possible degree of legal rationality. With this feature, proportionality was integrated into Brazilian constitutional law and has transformed the model previous applied in this country, which, like the Prussian model, was centered on the concept of defense. It presents the legal and argumentative problems of such a transformation of proportionality, which tends to consume other functions of fundamental rights and to nullify the dogmatic characteristics of these standards. Focusing on the analysis of constitutional jurisprudence, the work demonstrates how this generalization of proportionalitys concept and its implementation is related to loss of dogmatic contours of fundamental rights. Furthermore, the work addresses the attempt of the principles theory to rationalize proportionality and to avoid the paradoxes generated by the uncontrolled application of this test. It explores the failures and presents critics to the model proposed by this theory that cannot provide solutions to disputes involving the weighting of principles and constitutional values. Based on the distinction between theory and constitutional dogmatics and on recent decisions of the German constitutional jurisprudence, which already have reflections in the literature, the work proposes a change in the theoretical and practical assumptions of proportionality test. Two reasons guide this reconstruction process. The first of them lies in the redirection of the test to its defense function of fundamental rights. On this ground the test recovers its dogmatic contours, but this also limits its scope. The second is its correlation with the normative content of fundamental rights, which are restricted by state action. The thesis presents a model of the test that is sensitive to the legal peculiarities of each fundamental right. By this way, proportionality regains on normative orientation and substantive content. Finally the tests that are encompass by proportionality must also be redirected and reconfigured according to such changes in its assumptions

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Silva, Luciano Alves da. "Violação de direitos fundamentais pela mídia: tensão entre facticidade e validade." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4471.

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Os direitos fundamentais, pela posição central que ocupam nas democracias, são afetados constantemente por diversas forças. Essas forças serão aqui representadas pelo poder coercitivo do Estado – instituído e circunscrito à lei pela dimensão da validade das normas – e pela mídia – poder não-instituído, livre e dotado de credibilidade e confiança pela população, no plano da facticidade. Tem-se então uma zona conflituosa e tensa entre facticidade e validade. É dentro dela que se pode investigar como certos direitos fundamentais protegidos pela constituição podem ser violados num ambiente chamado por alguns de ¨Idade Mídia¨. Entre o tempo processual reflexivo, ritualizado e protocolar da justiça e o fetiche da velocidade verificado nas mídias atuais, encontra-se a sociedade. Atualmente, o público goza do inédito acesso à informação ao mesmo tempo em que a crítica se dissipa no ar, dificultando o esclarecimento e a formação do senso crítico para se ¨pensar contra os fatos¨. Com base na perspectiva ontológica derivada das teses contratualistas, dos sistemas de vigilância, disciplina e controle social chega-se à identificação das classes perigosas e à construção do real pela mídia. Esse é o ambiente justificador do novo herói pós-moderno, o jornalista opinativo e investigativo, que, em nome do ¨jornalismo verdade¨, corre-se o risco de agir à margem de princípios e garantias fundamentais previstos no texto constitucional. Para se evitar um quadro de violência e violação constantes, num momento em que a cooperação parece ter chegado ao fim, necessário se faz reconfigurar essa tensão. Para isso, este trabalho se utiliza do edifício teórico construído por Habermas, cuja base é uma reconstrução da filosofia prática com vistas a uma ação comunicativa.
Fundamental rights, for the central position they occupy in democracies, are constantly affected by different forces. These forces are represented here by the coercitive power of the state – institutionalised and limited by the validity of the rules - and the media - not institutionalised, free and endowed with credibility and trust by the population, in terms of facticity. Then, you have an area of conflict and tension between facticity and validity. It is inside this area that can investigate how certain fundamental rights protected by the Constitution can be violated in an environment called by some of ¨ Media Age ¨. In between the procedural time reflective, ritualistic and ceremonial of justice and the fetish of speed, seen in the media today, there is society. Currently, public enjoys the unprecedented access to information at the same time the critical dissipates in the air, making the enlightenment and the formation of critical sense very difficult ¨to think against the facts ¨. Based on the ontological perspective derived from the contractualist theories, from systems of surveillance, discipline and social control we come to the identification of the dangerous classes and the construction of reality by the media. This is the environment justifying the new post-modern hero, the opinionated and investigative journalist who, on behalf of ¨true journalism¨, act in disagreement with the basic principles and guarantees laid down in the Constitution. In an attempt to avoid a situation of constant violence and violation, at a time when cooperation seems to have come to an end, reconfiguration this tension is needed. To do this, you can get hold of the theoretical edifice built by Habermas whose base is a reconstruction of the philosophical practice in the gateway of communicative action.

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Luna, Ana Claudia Vergamini. "Direitos sociais: controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas, limites e possibilidades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-05082013-162741/.

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A efetivação dos direitos sociais, inseridos na Constituição Federal de 1988 como direitos fundamentais, em norma de aplicação imediata, é imprescindível para o alcance dos objetivos do Estado brasileiro, declarados no artigo 3º da Carta Constitucional. Ao Estado foi atribuída a tarefa de concretizá-los por meio de políticas públicas. A busca pela efetivação dos direitos sociais, diretamente relacionada ao exercício da cidadania e à atuação dos Poderes Legislativo e Executivo, tem se deslocado para o Poder Judiciário, que tem assumido um importante papel na concretização desses direitos. A própria concepção dos direitos sociais já desafia os aplicadores do direito, porque dependem, para sua concretização, da atuação prestacional do Estado; estão condicionados às restrições orçamentárias e são materializados, por meio de políticas públicas, que se materializam a partir de escolhas políticas. Para o desenvolvimento do controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas de direitos sociais não basta identificar a existência de um direito fundamental social, é necessário que se enfrentem as questões próprias de um direito mutável na sua concretização e execução. É necessário que se conheça a realidade que envolve a adoção de uma determinada política pública e se amplie o campo de cognição além do interesse do autor que reclama a prestação jurisdicional. O presente trabalho traz uma análise sobre o controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas que tratam de direitos sociais, procurando identificar os limites para a atuação jurisdicional e as possibilidades existentes no ordenamento para que esse controle se desenvolva no sentido de contribuir para a efetivação desses direitos de forma coletiva e isonômica, sem que a atuação jurisdicional venha a afrontar o exercício democrático e acabe por invadir a esfera de competência dos demais poderes.
Effective implementation of social rights introduced into the 1988 Federal Constitution as fundamental rights under rules of immediate enforcement, is crucial to ensure attainment of the Brazilian State goals, as stated under article 3 of the Federal Constitution. The State was given the task of turning such rights into actions by means of public policies. Search for effective enforcement of social rights, typically related to the exercise of citizenship and to Legislative and Executive realms of power, has been shifting to the Judiciary, which has been assuming an important role in rendering such rights effective. The very notion of social rights brings challenges to those in charge of applying the Law since enforcement of these rights depend of States actions; they are subject to budget constraints and are turned into actions based on political choices. Development of judicial control on social right-based public policies requires not only identification of a fundamental social right but it also requires addressing of matters of law, the perfecting and enforcement of which are constantly changing. It is necessary to get to know the reality involving selection of a given public policy and to expand such knowledge beyond the specific interests of that plaintiff who seeks relief. This paper brings a review judicial control of public policies addressing social rights and the possibilities available in the existing legal framework to assure that such control develops towards contributing to enforcement of social rights in a collective and equalitarian manner, therefore preventing judicial actions from violating exercise of democracy and ultimately reaching the realm of other powers.

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Pessoa, André Luís Torres. "Os deveres anexos da boa-fé objetiva e o contrato individual de trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6284.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luis Torres Pessoa.pdf: 647487 bytes, checksum: 5d3cea3c95b2a945e820afbf61bbeaef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-24
This dissertation addresses the application of good faith and its obligations within an individual work contract. The dissertation starts off by bringing the concept of good faith, its characterization and history as a general rule, as well as showing its development and integration into Brazilian law. After this, the study brings forth the functions of the good faith objective, including the creation of obligations by bringing an analysis of the most common ones within this specialized doctrine. What follows is a study of the application of these duties to the standards within labor law and the duties of the parties in a labor contract, which is shown through a provision analysis of obligations in the Brazilian Labor Code, subsequently, showing the consequences arising from any violation of the contract when there is failure by the parties to abide to the concepts of good faith and the obligations that follow it
A presente dissertação aborda a aplicação dos deveres anexos da boa-fé objetiva ao contrato individual de trabalho. Inicia trazendo o conceito de boa-fé, a sua caracterização como cláusula geral e o seu histórico, demonstrando o seu desenvolvimento e a sua inserção no direito brasileiro. Após isso, traz um estudo sobre as funções da boa-fé objetiva, dentre elas a de criação de deveres anexos, trazendo uma análise acerca daqueles mais comuns na doutrina especializada. Segue estudando a aplicação destes deveres anexos às normas do Direito do Trabalho e as obrigações geradas às partes do contrato de trabalho, evidenciando a análise da previsão dos deveres anexos na CLT e, posteriormente, avaliando as consequências oriundas da violação positiva do contrato, quando da inobservância dos deveres anexos da boa-fé objetiva pelos contratantes

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Pires, Eduardo Rockenbach. "Tutela inibitória como instrumento de prevenção contra o assédio moral: a efetividade da jurisdição trabalhista na proteção a direitos de natureza extrapatrimonial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-28012015-075037/.

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O trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar a tutela inibitória no processo do trabalho, especialmente no sentido da prevenção do assédio moral no ambiente de trabalho. A abordagem parte da perspectiva da proteção dos direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores, principalmente em face do poder diretivo do empregador. Analisa a vinculação dos particulares às normas de direitos fundamentais e ressalta a importância da vinculação direta ou imediata do empregador às normas de direitos fundamentais, no âmbito da relação de emprego. Põe em relevo a função do processo do trabalho na perspectiva da tutela dos direitos fundamentais. Analisa as características do assédio moral praticado no ambiente de trabalho, sua classificação e suas consequências. Trata das modificações sociais que impuseram novas necessidades ao direito processual, especialmente ao direito processual do trabalho. Aborda a natureza e as características da tutela inibitória, como tutela judicial preventiva da conduta ilícita. Trata dos meios concretos de operar a tutela inibitória no processo do trabalho, com o objetivo de prevenir o assédio moral. Cuida de aspectos controversos da legitimidade para a ação inibitória, bem como de peculiaridades da causa de pedir e da prova. Analisa os requisitos da sentença e da coisa julgada na ação inibitória. Conclama à assunção da lógica da prevenção no direito processual. Realça a necessidade de uma atuação mais criativa e livre dos juízes trabalhistas.
The work aims to study the inhibitory injunction in the labor process, especially towards the prevention of bullying in the workplace. The approach starts from the perspective of protecting the fundamental rights of workers, particularly against the directive power of the employer. Analyzes linking the particular standards of fundamental rights and emphasizes the importance of direct or immediate employer to binding rules relating to fundamental rights within the employment relationship. It highlights the role of the procedural labor law from the perspective of the protection of fundamental rights. It analyzes the characteristics of bullying practiced in the workplace, their classification and environmental consequences. It analyzes the social changes that have imposed new requirements of procedural law, especially procedural labor law. It approaches the nature and characteristics of inhibitory injunction, like a judicial protection as a preventive of unlawful conduct. It analyzes the specific means to operate the inhibitory injunction in the labor process, with the goal of preventing bullying. It takes care of controversial aspects of legitimacy to the inhibitory action, as well as peculiarities of the cause of action and proofs. It analyzes the requirements of the sentence and the inhibitory action on res judicata. It urges the assumption of prevention logic in procedural law. It stresses the need for a more creative and free activity of labor judges.

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Gonçalves, Leandro Krebs. "Fundo social do trabalhador autônomo: proteção e regulamentação de direitos fundamentais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-30082017-142844/.

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O Fundo Social do Trabalhador Autônomo objetiva proteger e regulamentar direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores por conta própria, na perspectiva das relações individuais de labor. A dinâmica da sociedade atual exige uma releitura da dependência econômica e da subordinação jurídica, sob pena de tornar letra morta os dispositivos constitucionais tutelares. Dentro de um mercado global de extrema competitividade, o capital acaba preponderando sobre o elemento humano. A partir da análise das diferentes espécies de relação que se desenvolvem no mundo do trabalho, em visão histórica de afirmação dos direitos humanos e de evolução dos direitos sociais, o presente estudo busca definir os direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores independentes e propor um fundo social para custeio de seus direitos trabalhistas. As diretrizes normativas internacionais e brasileiras de proteção e regulação do labor do Homem servirão de alicerce para a construção de um novo modelo jurídico. Independente da vigência do contrato de emprego, nos moldes previstos nos artigos 2º e 3º da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), torna-se necessário adaptar e reformular o Direito do Trabalho, para abranger outros tipos de relações, sem que implique precarização de direitos já consagrados. O autônomo ficou à margem da lei, o que inclusive repercute no expressivo número de ações trabalhistas, em que se discute a existência de vínculo de emprego e os direitos daí decorrentes, em um verdadeiro processo de tudo ou nada. Pressupondo garantias de subsistência, respeitabilidade e dignidade, impõe-se a intervenção do Estado para fixar direitos mínimos dos trabalhadores em geral. Expressando a concretização do direito social ao trabalho, o estabelecimento de prestações positivas elevará a condição socioeconômica dos autônomos, fundada em preceitos de justiça social. O fenômeno da globalização, hoje, contrapõe-se a medidas de defesa dos mercados nacionais. O capitalismo contemporâneo defronta-se com a polêmica dos encargos sociais e seus impactos econômicos. O custo da mão de obra e a implementação de programas de inclusão social e de redistribuição de riquezas, além de ser objeto de políticas governamentais, levam a crer que o Direito do Trabalho tende a se tornar o direito de todas as relações de trabalho. A experiência estrangeira direciona um caminho a se percorrer. Para cumprir os ditames da norma constitucional brasileira, desafia-se a lógica do binômio capital e trabalho, para viabilizar receitas suficientes ao financiamento de benefícios trabalhistas aos autônomos.
The Social Fund of the Self-Employed Worker aims to protect and regulate fundamental rights of standalone workers, in perspective of the individual relations of labor. The dynamics of the current society seeks for a reinterpretation of economic dependence and of the legal relationship under penalty of becoming worthless to the constitutional devices guardianship. Within a global market of extreme competitiveness, the capital ends up prevailing over the human element. From the analysis of the different kinds of relationship that develop in the labor world of work, in a historical overview of affirmation of human rights and of the development of social rights, the present study seeks to define the fundamental rights of self-employed workers and it proposes a social fund to finance their labor rights. The Brazilian and international regulatory guidelines of protection and regulation of the labor of the human will serve as foundation for the construction of a new legal model. Regardless the duration of the employment contract, in accordance with the procedures provided in the Articles 2nd and 3rd of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), it is necessary to adapt and restructure the Labor Law to encompass other types of relations, without implying rights that are already devoted. The self-worker was on the edge of the law which also affects the significant number of labor lawsuits, where it is discussed the existence of employment bond and the rights stem from it, in a genuine all or none process. Assuming subsistence, respectability and dignity guarantees, it is implied a State intervention to secure minimum rights for workers in general. Expressing the full realisation of the social labor law the establishment of positive benefits will raise the socio-economic condition of self-workers founded on principles of social justice. The globalisation phenomenon nowadays is opposed to defence measures of national markets. The contemporary capitalism is faced with the polemic of social charges and their economic impacts. The cost of labor and the implementation of programs of social inclusion and the redistribution of wealth in addition to being the object of governmental policies, lead us to believe that the Labor Law tends to become the right of all employment relationships. The foreign experience guides a path to go through. To comply with the dictates of the Brazilian constitutional regulations, the logic of the capital and labor alliance is challenged in order to make sufficient revenues to finance worker benefits to selfworkers.

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Daniel, Juliana Maia. "O mínimo existencial no controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-23112016-083805/.

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O presente trabalho dedica-se ao estudo do mínimo existencial enquanto critério de adjudicação dos direitos sociais no controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas. A análise parte do conceito usualmente adotado pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência pátrias, isto é, um conceito intimamente ligado ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana que condensa em si o núcleo duro e essencial dos direitos fundamentais e que teria, portanto, justiciabilidade imediata, independentemente das condições fáticas presentes em determinada situação concreta. Esse critério, cujo conteúdo seria determinado a priori, é posto à prova diante das outras premissas adotadas em nosso ordenamento dentre elas a reconhecida aplicação do princípio da proporcionalidade, na teoria de Robert Alexy. Nesse contexto, o mínimo existencial assume maior relevo enquanto critério se analisado diante de uma situação concreta, juntamente com outros parâmetros, na tentativa de estabelecer balizas coerentes e seguras à intervenção judicial no âmbito das políticas públicas.
The present paper analyzes the concept of minimum core of economic and social rights as a standard for the adjudication of such rights under the judicial control of public policies. The starting point of our analysis is the concept usually adopted by Brazilian doctrine and jurisprudence, which is a standard closely linked to the principle of human dignity and which has been applied to provide determinacy and justiciability to those rights, creating immediately specific governmental obligations. This concept is confronted to other premises adopted in Brazilian legal system (specially the principle of proportionality under Robert Alexys theory). By doing so, this paper develops a different approach to giving content to the minimum core and proposes its analysis together with other parameters for judicial control taking into account the facts under a concrete situation. This paper further demonstrates how this new approach provides consistent and reliable guidelines for judicial intervention in government policies.

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Palaco, Caballero Flor de María. "La Cour internationale de justice et la protection de l'individu." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA004.

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La jurisprudence de la Cour internationale de justice en matière de protection de l’individu tend à poser les bases d’une réflexion d’ampleur autour d’une évolution ayant pris forme après la Seconde guerre mondiale. Cette prise de conscience progressive a vu le jour grâce au développement conjoint des règles et principes du droit international humanitaire et du droit international des droits de l’Homme. Sous les relents d’une conception classique du droit international où l’individu est tributaire de la volonté des Etats, la Cour, principal organe judiciaire des Nations Unies, va reconnaître de manière progressive l’individu comme destinataire avéré de droits internationaux. Toutefois, cette volonté d’ouverture marquée par la consécration d’un corps de normes et principes applicable en toutes circonstances est tiraillée entre la protection effective des droits fondamentaux de l’individu et le respect de la volonté souveraine des Etats parties
The case-law of the International Court of Justice on the protection of the individual is in the process of paving the foundations for a full-scale reflection on developments which took shape after the Second World War. This gradual awareness emerged thanks to the parallel development of rules and principles of international humanitarian law and international law on human rights. Under the umbrella of a classical concept of international law, where the individual is subject to the will of a State, the Court, the main judicial organ of the United Nations, will gradually see the individual as the recognized beneficiary of international rights. Nevertheless, this will to be more inclusive, reflected in the establishment of a body of norms and principles applicable in any circumstance, finds itself torn between actual protection for fundamental individual rights and respect for the sovereign will of States parties

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Fuck, Luciano Felicio. "Supremo Tribunal Federal e a concretização dos direitos fundamentais no sistema constitucional tributário brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-08042016-093405/.

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Este trabalho trata do papel desempenhado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na apreciação de questões relativas ao Sistema Constitucional Tributário brasileiro à luz dos direitos fundamentais. Com efeito, o STF é responsável por guardar os direitos fundamentais também quando decide controvérsias constitucionais tributárias, o que significa considerar o delicado equilíbrio entre a proteção dos contribuintes e a necessidade de o Estado arrecadar os recursos suficientes à concretização dos direitos fundamentais. Assim, a tese tem dois objetivos. Por um lado, pretende identificar se o Supremo Tribunal Federal adota algum parâmetro condizente com os direitos fundamentais ao julgar questões constitucionais relativas ao sistema tributário. Nessa perspectiva, diversos acórdãos do Supremo Tribunal Federal, proferidos na égide da CF/1988, são analisados com vistas a examinar se a Corte tem cumprido bem suas responsabilidades constitucionais. Por outro lado, sugere o Estado Fiscal como parâmetro adequado aos direitos fundamentais e ao sistema constitucional tributário, considerando sua preocupação tanto com a proteção dos contribuintes quanto com a existência de meios mínimos para o financiamento das atividades públicas.
This work is about the role of the Supremo Tribunal Federal in the Brazilian constitutional tax system in light of the fundamental rights. Doubtlessly, the Brazilian Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is responsible for safekeeping and enforcing fundamental rights even when it decides constitutional tax controversies. The enforcement of fundamental rights in tax issues means accounting for the delicate balance between the protection of taxpayers and the necessity for the State to raise enough funds to implement fundamental rights. Thus the thesis has two objectives. On the one hand, the study aims to identify if the Supremo Tribunal Federal abides by any guideline consistent with the fundamental rights when ruling constitutional cases regarding the tax system. Therefore, various decisions of the Supremo Tribunal Federal, taken in the scope of the Federal Constitution of 1988, will be selected and analysed in order to examine if the Court has fulfilled its constitutional duties. On the other hand, the work suggests the Tax State as an adequate guideline to the fundamental rights and to the constitutional tax system, regarding its concern not only with taxpayers´ protection but also with the existence of minimum resources to fund public activities.

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Lopes, Anderson Bezerra. "Os conhecimentos fortuitos de prova no direito processual penal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-22082014-090055/.

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No curso da investigação criminal, a execução de alguns meios de obtenção de prova pode implicar restrições aos direitos fundamentais do investigado ou de terceiros. As medidas restritivas de direitos fundamentais estão sujeitas a controle de constitucionalidade através da regra da proporcionalidade. Os meios de obtenção de prova são atividades de pesquisa e registro de fontes de provas e elementos de informação úteis para a persecução penal. Durante a regular execução de um meio de obtenção de prova, podem surgir resultados probatórios relativos a indivíduos e/ou crimes excluídos da situação histórica de vida da investigação que legitimou o ato. As fontes de provas e os elementos de informação obtidos durante a execução de um meio de obtenção de prova e que possuem conexão com a situação histórica de vida da investigação são conhecimentos da investigação, enquanto os que não possuem esse vínculo são conhecimentos fortuitos. De acordo com a regra da proporcionalidade, as medidas restritivas de direitos fundamentais devem estar previstas em lei e sua execução exige prévia autorização judicial. A admissibilidade dos conhecimentos fortuitos para fins probatórios depende do cumprimento desses requisitos, sob pena de haver violação ilegítima de direitos fundamentais, tornando a prova ilícita.
In the course of a criminal investigation, the research of evidence may cause restriction to the investigated persons fundamental rights or to a third persons rights. Any fundamental right restriction shall be preceded by constitutionality control, which must be done in the light of the proportionality rule. The evidence discovery is an activity of research and recording of evidentiary source and other useful data for the criminal investigation and prosecution. During the ordinary execution of a research of evidence, it could emerge evidentiary result related to individuals and/or crimes that are not related to the historical situation of life that caused the issuing of judicial authorization for such a research. The evidentiary sources and other information obtained during the execution of a research of evidence that are connected to the historical situation of life that caused the issuing of its judicial authorization are called knowledge of the investigation. The ones which are not connected to it are called fortuitous knowledge. According to the proportionality rule, any investigative measure which causes a fundamental right restriction must be enshrined in a statutory provision and its execution requires prior judicial authorization. The evidentiary admissibility of fortuitous knowledge depends on the accomplishment of such requirements. Otherwise, there would be unlawful violation of fundamental rights, which would cause the evidence to be illegal.

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Wade, Mame Ndiaga. "Accès au juge constitutionnel et constitutionnalisation du droit : approche comparée avec l'Allemagne, l'Italie et l'Espagne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1071/document.

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L'accès direct des individus à la justice constitutionnelle a tendance en Allemagne et Espagne, contrairement à la France et à Italie où il n’est pas prévu, à modifier la nature classiquement objective de la mission de constitutionnalisation du juge constitutionnel par les buts subjectifs poursuivis par les recours individuels directs. Il déclenche, le cas échéant, chez le juge constitutionnel une fonction autre que la simple constitutionnalisation du droit, qui demeure objective dans le cadre de l’accès indirect et l'entraîne sur le terrain de la fondamentalisation du droit, qui revêt des caractéristiques très subjectives. C'est ce qui explique la concurrence entre le juge constitutionnel et les juges ordinaires et européens, et conduit le premier à se comporter en cour suprême en Allemagne et en Espagne où existent ces voies de recours. La fondamentalisation, qui est un processus plus vaste que la constitutionnalisation, oblige également le juge constitutionnel à s’adapter et à prendre part à la "circulation des solutions juridiques"
The direct access of individuals to constitutional justice has the tendency in Germany and Spain, contrary to France and Italy where it does not exist, to modify the current and objective nature of the mission of constitutionalisation of the constitutional judge through the subjective goals individual and direct recourses. It triggers, on the other hand, on the side of the constitutional judge another function than the simple constitutionalisation of law that remains objective in the case of the indirect access, which is leading to the fundamentalisation of law, which has very subjective features. This is explaining the competition between the constitutional judge and the ordinary and European courts that leads the first to behave in Supreme Court in Germany and Spain where those review procedures exist. The fundamentalisation, which is a wider process than the constitutionalisation one, also oblige the constitutional judge to adapt and to get involved in the “circulation of legal solutions”

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Siew-Guillemin, Anne Sophie. "La famille à l'épreuve des droits fondamentaux." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0033/document.

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Jadis lignagère, patriarcale et inégalitaire ; la famille est devenue égalitaire, nucléaire et pluraliste. L’analyse démontre que l’impulsion des droits fondamentaux s’est avérée décisive dans ce processus. Les principes de liberté, d’égalité et de non-discrimination qui la gouvernent désormais ont donné lieu à des bouleversements sans précédent de l’institution familiale. Traditionnellement marqué par un ordre public constricteur, le droit de la famille s’est considérablement libéralisé, au point d’apparaître à certains égards comme le réceptacle des volontés individuelles. Ce déclin de la fonction régulatrice interroge sur les évolutions du droit lui-même et de son objet, la famille. Sous ce rapport, les droits fondamentaux posent des difficultés à la fois techniques et politiques. Il n’en demeure pas moins que les droits fondamentaux peuvent aussi être envisagés comme des outils susceptibles d’être mobilisés au service d’une recomposition de l’institution familiale et de sa protection
Once lineal, patriarchal and inegalitarian, the family has become egalitarian, nuclear and pluralist. Analysis shows that the impetus of fundamental rights has been decisive in this process. The principles of liberty, equality and non discrimination prevailing now have created unprecedented upheavals in the institution of the family. Traditionally influenced by a restrictive public tendance, family law has been considerably liberalized, to the point of appearing in certain respects as the depository of individual wishes. This decline of the regulating function raises questions as to the evolution of law itself and of it's object, the family. In this respect, fundemental rights present problems, both technical and political. However, fundamental rights may also be regarded as tools to be used for the recomposition of the institution of the family and of it's protection

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Magalhães, Pedro Naves. "O ativismo judicial e os reflexos no processo civil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-15122015-143227/.

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A Constituição Federal de 1988 inseriu no ordenamento jurídico uma série de direitos e garantias fundamentais. Dentre eles, pode-se citar a divisão de poderes, a qual distribuiu no texto constitucional o papel de cada ente estatal, sobretudo, para o presente estudo, a função relativa ao Judiciário. Nesse esteio, pode-se afirmar que tanto as normas promulgadas no período pós 1988, como as que foram recebidas pelo novo ordenamento, passaram a ser analisadas sob o espectro do prisma principiológico. As normas procedimentais e processuais coordenam os trilhos da aplicação do Direito ao caso concreto e a formação do Direito para o caso abstrato. No entanto, há que se mitigar toda aplicabilidade ordinária pelo tempero dos princípios. Essa pesquisa terá como guia a colisão entre os princípios processuais da efetividade e da instrumentalidade em face do devido processo legal. Tem-se por premissa que o percurso do devido processo deve servir como ferramenta para a busca pela decisão final de mérito e consequente pacificação social. Caso contrário, em nada serviria todo o aparato do judiciário disponibilizado para a população. Desse modo, o presente estudo propõe uma análise sobre a atuação do Estado-Juiz no que tange ao ativismo processual. Diante do objetivo maior, qual seja a necessidade de efetivação dos direitos fundamentais e sociais, o fenômeno do ativismo judicial às vezes esquecido, às vezes exacerbado, se mostra como ferramenta necessária no contexto destacado.
The Federal Constitutional of 1988 introduces at the legal system a series of fundamental rights and guarantees. Among them, its significant the division of powers, which distributed in the Constitution the role of each state entity, above all, for this study, the judiciary function. Thus, it can be said that both the rules promulgated in the period after 1988 as those received by the new system, have been analyzed through the principles spectrum prism. The procedural rules coordinate the application of law to the cases and the creation of law for abstract case. However, it is necessary to mitigate any regular applicability with the principles orientation. This research tries are the collision between the procedural principles of effectiveness and instrumentality in the face of due process of law. As premised the route of due process should serve as a tool to the final decision and consequent social peace. Otherwise, it would be unnecessary the entire legal apparatus available to the public. Lastly, this study proposes an analysis about the performance of the Judge-State regarding the judicial activism. Looking to a larger goal, the need for enforcement of fundamental and social rights, the judicial activism phenomenon sometimes forgotten, sometimes exacerbated, shown itself as a necessary tool in the context highlighted.

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Stubrytė, Živilė. "Ar individualus konstitucinis skundas gali būti lakomas veiksminga teisinės gynybos priemone pagal Europos žmogaus teisių konvencijos 13 straipsnį?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070110_141229-80792.

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The summary provided hereunder gives short overview of final thesis. The summary outlines the subject matter, aim and goals of the thesis. In addition it shortly describes the content and main aspects of this final work. The subject matter of this thesis is – individual constitutional complaint as an effective domestic remedy under Article 13 of the Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter – the European Convention on Human Rights). The thesis is aimed at the evaluation of the individual constitutional complaint as an effective domestic remedy. This final work deals with the meaning, aim and scope of Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights; the nature of the remedies required under Article 13; the similarities and differences of the institution of constitutional complaint, which exists in Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary, this analysis is being made with special regard to the rules on standing of individuals (the complainants, admissibility criteria, etc.) and the legal effect of the Constitutional Court’s final decision; the optimal model of the individual constitutional complaint suitable for Lithuania is being analyzed. The thesis stresses that there is no single answer, whether the constitutional complaint can be considered an effective domestic remedy under article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The thesis states that so far the European Court of Human Rights analyzed the effectiveness of the... [to full text]

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Černič, Jernej Letnar. "Corporate responsibility for fundamental human rights." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until April, 6, 2013, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25748.

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Pino, Giorgio. "Fundamental rights and the proportionality principle." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118697.

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The paper assesses the widespread use of the test of proportionality in fundamental rights adjudication. While constitutional and human rights courts all over the world appear to be consistently engaged in deploying the test of proportionality in order to assess the permissibility of a given rights limitation, this approach is under severe criticism insofar as it is considered an attack to the very idea of fundamental rights. The paper will discuss this criticism of the use of proportionality, and will provide a defense of its use by courts in light of some basic features of the contemporary discourse of fundamental rights.
El artículo evalúa el uso generalizado de la prueba de proporcionalidad en la adjudicación de derechos fundamentales. Mientras que los tribunales constitucionales y de derechos humanos de todo el mundo parecen estar constantemente involucrados en el despliegue de la prueba de proporcionalidad para evaluar la permisibilidad de una determinada limitación de derechos, este enfoque está sometido a severas críticas en tanto que se considera un ataque a la idea misma de Derechos fundamentales. El artículo discutirá esta crítica al uso del principio de proporcionalidad y ofrecerá una defensa de su uso por los tribunales a la luz de algunas características básicas del discurso contemporáneo de los derechos fundamentales.

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Zhang, Qian. "La chine et les droits de l’homme : évolution et perspectives juridiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111015.

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Dès le sixième siècle avant J.-C. l’homme a été défini comme un « être d’une certaine hauteur, dont la forme de la main est différente de celle du pied, qui possède des cheveux et des dents, et qui peut se déplacer vite et debout ». Il prit alors deux formes de statut : celui de ren pour désigner un homme de vertu ou qui exerce une fonction publique ou privée ; et celui de min pour désigner celui qui n’exerce aucune fonction publique. La société chinoise s’est construite sur cette séparation : les ren, encadré par leur vertu, doivent rendre service aux min et à la société ; et les min disposent de certains droits fondamentaux vis-à-vis des ren. De ce fait, la Chine traditionnelle a mis en place deux mécanismes de protection de ceux-ci : la requête individuelle que les min peuvent utiliser pour valoir leurs droits fondamentaux contre des actes ou des hommes public qui leur ont porté atteinte, et le zuiji zhao par lequel les empereurs s’auto-punissent. Avec le temps, trois formes du contrôle de conformité des actes publics ont été successivement mise en place. A la fin de la dynastie des Qing les droits humains fondamentaux chinois seront confrontés aux droits de l'homme occidentaux auxquels les chinois s’identifièrent parce qu’ils correspondaient à leur tradition temporairement écartée. Trois réformes politico-juridiques principales furent engagées successivement par les Chinois afin de la rétablir et de la concilier avec les théories et les expériences occidentales dans ce domaine. Le point culminant de cette rencontre fut la participation chinoise àl’élaboration de la DUDH et la nomination de son représentant comme vice-président de son comité d’élaboration. En 1949 la République populaire de Chine remplaça la République de Chine. Dans un premier temps ses dirigeants se montrèrent assez sensibles aux droits de l'homme et à leur protection ; mais la Révolution culturelle anéantit cette démarche, créant une situation dont la Chine d’aujourd’hui souffre encore. Ces dernières années, les droits de l'homme connaissent en Chine une forme de renaissance qui se traduit dans les domaines législatif, éducatif, administratif et judiciaire. Le caractère encourageant et constructif de ce mouvement, qui s’appuie sur les exemples étrangers et sur certains progrès régionaux, mais qui se fonde sur les traditions principalement confucéennes chinoises, laisse envisager une protection des droits de l’homme dans le pays analogue à celle qui est garantie dans les pays les plus avancés
The concept of human being was defined in China since the sixth century B.C. as "a living organism which has a certain height, its hands are different from its feet,covered by hair and has developed teeth, capable of moving quickly in an uprightposture". Since then, two categories of men were defined: the ren, to designate a virtuous man or somebody who xercises public or private functions; and the min, to designate men who have no public power. The Chinese society was built on thisdistinction: the ren, known by their virtuosity, might offer their services to the min and the society itself, and the min have some fundamental rights towards ren population. For that reason, ancient China set up two protection mechanisms: min’sindividual queries to request the respect of their fundamental rights against actions from public agents, and the zuiji zhao, mechanism used by the emperors to punish themselves. Over time, three compliance control mechanisms were developed. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, this Chinese approach to fundamental human rights was compared to Western approach to human rights by the Chinese population, who recognized themselves in the western approach, following the disturbance in the Chinese tradition led by the Manchu. For the re-establishment of Chinese tradition, three main political and legal reforms were carried out by the Chinese in order to restore their tradition, abandoned by the Manchus, and to conciliate Western theories and experiences with Chinese approach. A turning point was achieved with thecontribution of China in the development of UDHR, and the nomination of the Chinese representative as vice president of the redaction committee

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Santos, Ariane Joice dos. "Crise econômica e despedida coletiva: o direito trabalhista brasileiro está apto a enfrentá-las?" Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5469.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariane Joice dos Santos.pdf: 929418 bytes, checksum: 19c414b9af8f3afb531bc76843404074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-25
With the failure in the capitalist production process and the 2008 world economic crisis, a deceleration in the market occurred with the resulting retraction in product inventory and credit. The economy s globalization has led the internal market to suffer major impacts in view of the cancellation of contracts entered with international companies, resulting in the reduction of costs though collective dismissals of laborers in various companies in our country. By virtue of absence of regulation in article 7, I, of the Federal Constitution which provides on the protection of the employment relationship against the arbitrary dismissal or dismissal without cause and the denunciation of Covenant 158 in the ILO by Brazil the employers class have been dismissing a considerable number of employees without observing any process prior to such act. The result is the discussion on the validity of such dismissals in the labor courts which, based on the normative force of principles, on international guidelines, on comparative law and the constitutionalizing of private law, which have been declared abusive due to non-observance of the duties connected to the general objective good-faith, such as the duty to negotiate and the right to information. There are no doubts that the parties to this relationship should gather for a social dialogue, aiming at creating mechanisms to avoid collective dismissals such as the preparation of autonomous clauses or, in the impossibility thereof, of procedures to be complied with so as to attenuate the social impact, avoiding great unfair actions in such arena. Therefore, there are prerequisites to be overcome in the Brazilian labor law, form the point of view of social efficacy of collective bargaining, either by the fact that the union freedom has not fully reached the free and democratic organization, or by the fact of the persisting normative power of the Labor Justice
las? Com a falha no processo de produção capitalista e a crise econômica mundial de 2008, houve desaceleração no mercado e consequente estoque de produtos e retração do crédito. A globalização da economia fez com que o mercado interno sofresse grandes impactos ante o cancelamento de contratos firmados com empresas internacionais, ensejando a redução de custos a partir da demissão coletiva de trabalhadores em diversas companhias em nosso país. Em virtude da ausência de regulamentação do artigo 7º, I, da Constituição Federal, que trata da proteção da relação de emprego contra a despedida arbitrária ou sem justa causa e da denúncia da Convenção 158 da OIT pelo Brasil, a classe patronal tem dispensado parcela considerável de trabalhadores sem observar qualquer processo prévio a esse ato. O resultado é a discussão sobre a validade de tais despedidas no judiciário trabalhista que, com base na força normativa dos princípios, nas diretrizes internacionais, no direito comparado e na constitucionalização do direito privado, as tem declarado abusivas por inobservância dos deveres anexos da cláusula geral da boa-fé objetiva como o dever de negociar e o direito à informação. Não há dúvidas de que as partes dessa relação devem se aproximar para um diálogo social, visando a criar mecanismos através da elaboração de cláusulas autônomas para evitar o despedimento coletivo ou, em caso de impossibilidade, de procedimentos a serem observados no sentido de amenizar o impacto social, fazendo com que injustiças maiores não ocorram nessa esfera. Para tanto, existem pressupostos a serem superados no direito trabalhista brasileiro, da ótica da eficácia social da negociação coletiva, quer pelo fato de a liberdade sindical ainda não ter atingido plenamente a organização livre e democrática, quer pelo fato de persistir o poder normativo da Justiça do Trabalho

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Black, Samuel. "The rights of communities : the prerogatives of individuals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292159.

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Dubuis, Amanda. "Les droits du patient en droit de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1078.

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Les droits du patient sont de plus en plus fréquemment évoqués par les institutions de l’Union, ce qui peut surprendre tant ce sujet est éloigné des préoccupations initiales des Communautés. À défaut de compétence juridique spécifique, ce sont à la fois la voie des droits fondamentaux et celle du marché intérieur qui ont été exploitées. L’intérêt pour ce domaine est tel qu’il existe désormais un véritable foisonnement normatif (composé tant de sources déclaratoires qu’obligatoires) affectant l’accessibilité et l’intelligibilité. La réflexion conduit donc à proposer une codification visant à simplifier la lisibilité des droits du patient reconnus par le droit de l’Union. La théorie des droits fondamentaux permet par ailleurs de déterminer si les prérogatives reconnues constituent ou non de véritables droits subjectifs. Cet intérêt pour les droits du patient contribue à l’effectivité de leur protection. Toutefois, en raison de la répartition des compétences entre l’Union et les États membres, apparaît un double niveau d’effectivité : la dimension transfrontalière des soins est particulièrement propice à la réalité des droits consubstantiels à cette situation, tandis que l’effectivité est plus nuancée pour ceux sans lien spécifique avec la mobilité. La réflexion s’est alors orientée vers la question du perfectionnement de l’effectivité, dont les perspectives sont plus ou moins positives selon la nature de l’obligation que les droits font naître pour leurs destinataires. Cette analyse conduit in fine à une réflexion sur l’existence d’un statut juridique du patient en droit de l’Union et à des propositions destinées à renforcer la place du patient et le respect de ses droits
Patients and their rights have been increasingly talked about within EU institutions, which may surprise as this subject is so remote from the Communities’ original focus. In the absence of specific legal competence, both fundamental rights and the internal market have been tapped into by EU institutions. There is so much interest in this field that there now exists a real profusion of norms (consisting of both soft and hard law sources) impacting upon the accessibility and intelligibility. Our analysis eventually offers a codification whose ambition is to make patients’ rights as recognised by EU legislation more readable. Moreover, resorting to the theory of fundamental rights enable us to ascertain whether or not recognised prerogatives constitute real individual rights. The interest in patients’ rights contributes to the effectiveness of their protection all over the EU. However, on account of the distribution of competences between the Union and member states, effectiveness actually operates on two levels : the cross-border dimension of healthcare is particularly favourable to the reality of rights inherent to this situation while effectiveness is not so straightforward for those who have no specific links with mobility. In light of this, research has turned towards the question of improving effectiveness whose prospects are more or less fruitful depending on the nature of the obligation which rights give rise to for those they are aimed at. All in all, this analys entails consideration of the existence of a legal status for patients and proposals intended to further reinforce the place of patients and, therefore, the safeguarding of his rights

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Arreto, Marie-Caroline. "Les recours individuels directs devant la juridiction constitutionnelle : (Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Espagne) : contribution à une approche processuelle de contentieux constitutionnel." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D063.

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Les recours individuels directs devant la juridiction constitutionnelle sont marqués par une forte originalité. Leur originalité se caractérise tant par la possibilité qu’un individu puisse accéder sans intermédiaire au prétoire du juge constitutionnel, que par la diversité des actes contestables devant ce juge et par cet individu. Afin d’appréhender les diverses formes de recours individuel direct en Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique et Espagne, il convenait de mobiliser un instrument qui mette en évidence cette double spécificité d’études : le droit processuel. Celui-ci se définit en effet par l’ambition de traiter les divers contentieux de manière comparée, au-delà de leur nature particulière.Cette démarche comparative permet plus spécialement de relativiser le clivage droit privé/droit public : tandis que le droit processuel trouve habituellement son terrain d’élection dans le droit judiciaire privé, alors que le contentieux public est accaparé par la dimension du « procès fait à un acte », l’analyse des recours individuels directs permet d’appréhender pleinement le contentieux constitutionnel comme structure procédurale de protection des droits. Le droit processuel permet ainsi d’analyser les recours individuels directs comme forme entièrement développée de recours en protection des droit devant la juridiction constitutionnelle, forme qui n’existe pas en France : il permet une mise en perspective de notre culture juridique centrée sur la conformité juridique objective des actes
Direct constitutional complaints before the Constitutional Court appear as a strongly original procedure. It is caracterized both by the possibility for an individual to have direct access to the Court and by the wide variety of the legal acts that can be challenged there. The analysis of the diverse forms of direct constitutional complaints in Austria, Belgium, Germany and Spain requires a conceptual framework that allows those two characteristics to stand out: processual law. Processual law can be defined by its ambition to consider various kinds of litigation in a comparative way beyond their specific nature. This comparative approach especially allows for a relativisation of the public law/private law distinction. In France, processual law is generally used in private litigation context, whereas public litigation is more focused on the “procès fait à un acte” dimension. By contrast, the analysis of direct constitutional complaints through processual law sheds a specific light on it as a procedural structure directed towards the protection of rights. In other words, direct constitutional complaints appear in this light as a fully developed form of procedure for the protection of rights, a form that does not exist in France. Our legal culture which is focused on the question of the objective legal conformity of acts is thus put into a new perspective

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Mare, Marin Lucio. "Leibniz's More Fundamental Ontology: from Overshadowed Individuals to Metaphysical Atoms." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6311.

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I aim to offer an innovative interpretation of Leibniz’s philosophy, first by examining how the various views that make up his ontology of individual substance involve a persistent rejection of atomism in natural philosophy and secondly, by exploring the significance of this rejection in the larger context of Seventeenth-century physics. My thesis is structured as a developmental story, each chapter analyzing the discontinuities or changes Leibniz makes to his views on individuation and atomism from his early to late years. The goal is to illuminate underrepresented views on individuals and atoms throughout Leibniz’s works and thus bring a clearer understanding of his philosophy. I, therefore, argue that the New System of Nature, published towards the end of Leibniz’s middle period (1695), marks an important landmark in his philosophical evolution, a radical terminological and ontological shift in his metaphysics of substance. Once Leibniz elaborates the concept of “simple substance,” the future synonym of “monad,” the problem of individuation of his early and middle years (1663-1686) becomes secondary. The focus changes from what makes substances “individual” to what makes them “simple” and truly “one,” i.e., “metaphysical” atoms. I prove that this shift was marked by a two-tiered critical confrontation: a first, direct confrontation, 1) with Descartes’ physics, through the critique of the notion of extended matter and of Descartes’ principle of individuation through shared motion and, a second confrontation, 2) with different strands of Seventeenth-century atomism, including Cartesian Gérauld de Cordemoy’s quasi-“metaphysical” atomism and its attempt at improving Descartes’ individuating principle. I claim that this double confrontation ultimately led Leibniz to formulate a more fundamental ontology, in terms of the “metaphysical atomism” of his Monadology (1714). My analysis complicates a persistent scholarly assumption in recent Leibniz studies, claiming that, throughout his entire career, Leibniz continued to hold the same fundamental positions on substance, individuation and, implicitly, atoms. Against this type of general continuity thesis, I show that: 1) far from being a constant concern, Leibniz’s interest in what makes substances individual fades towards the end of his life (New Essays 1703, correspondence with Samuel Clarke, 1714); 2) I trace the changing fate of some of Leibniz’s early and middle period views on substance and the individual (the principle of the identity of indiscernibles, space-time as individuating properties) in his late works; and 3) I prove the claim that Leibniz really embraced atomism, either for a short time or all throughout his philosophy is problematic. While he does refer to some sort of atoms during his Paris period (1672-1676), this is insufficient proof of a commitment to atomism. Instead, the episode has to be understood in the broader framework of a bundle of interrelated issues, such as the problem of the cohesion of bodies and the problem of minds or mind-like principles individuating those bodies. Thus, as I show through an analysis of Leibniz’s arguments against atomism in the correspondences with his scientific contemporaries (Christiaan Huyghens 1692-1695, Nicholas Hartsoeker 1706-1714), rejecting physical atomism remains a fundamental and surprisingly constant point of his philosophy.

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Lindfelt, Mats. "Fundamental rights in the European Union - towards higher law of the land? a study of the status of fundamental rights in a broader constitutional setting /." Åbo : Åbo Akademi University Press [etc.], 2007. https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/4235/LindfeltMats.pdf?sequence=1.

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Lubano, Christine Noella. "The application of fundamental rights to private relations in Kenya: striking a balance between fundamental rights and the freedom of contract." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4715.

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Van, Den Eynde Laura. "Interpreting Rights Collectively: Comparative Arguments in Public Interest Litigants’ Briefs on Fundamental Rights Issues." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/217681.

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This research explores the role of public interest litigants in the circulation of arguments among courts regarding the interpretation of fundamental rights. Such circulation is often labeled ‘judicial dialogue’. ‘Public interest litigants’ are here defined as entities (individuals or groups) with no direct interest in the case, who use procedural avenues to participate in the litigation. Despite extensive scholarly attention for judicial dialogue, the necessity for more empirical research devoted to the exchanges among jurisdictions had been stressed. Three jurisdictions with different postures towards cross-citations were chosen for the analysis: the U.S. Supreme Court, the European Court of Human Rights and the South African Constitutional Court. Among their vast case law, landmark cases were selected dealing firstly with death penalty or related questions and secondly with discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Briefs submitted by public interest litigants to courts were collected and analyzed, mainly to inquire about the identity of the actors involved in the cases, to see whether their briefs contain comparative material and, if they do, to record what sort of references are made and whether they are accompanied by justifications supporting their relevance.The analysis reveals that the briefs contain comparative material. Many public interest litigants can be considered as messengers of this information. They push for the detachment of judicial interpretation from the text at hand and propose a variant of the interpretative exercise in which the mobilized material is not exclusively jurisdiction-bound. The cross-analysis also reveals that, contrary to the picture painted by the literature on the phenomenon, there are actually many comparisons in the broad sense (referring for example to a ‘universal practice’) that are used in a norm-centric way, that is, where the simple mention of a comparative element in the form of a broad reference or the outcome of a foreign case should have weight in the adjudication and not in a reason-centric way, that is, by exposing the reasoning of a foreign judge. The research also hypothesized that the comparative material brought by public interest litigants influences the judges. Analyzing the cases using the process-tracing method allowed to substantiate that briefs are read and established that several comparative references brought by public interest litigants were debated during the oral arguments and found an echo in the judgments (in majority and dissenting opinions). Along with the use of other methods such as interviews of judges, the hypothesis was thus confirmed.Exploring the roles of external actors also enables to supply the literature on judicial dialogue with factual insights regarding the identities of the actors behind the circulation of legal arguments. It was found that, in the United States, the traditional domestic ‘repeat players’ (that is, actors often involved in the litigation) do not clearly embrace a comparative approach while most public interest litigants in Europe and South Africa do. Similarly, the pregnant role of transnational actors is underlined. The analysis suggests an explanation drawn from an aspect of the legal culture in which the public interest litigants evolve and which influences their argumentative strategies: the horizon of the ambient rights discourse: a civil rights discourse, more territorially bounded (and more often found in the U.S. context), is distinguished from a human rights or fundamental rights discourse which entails a more cosmopolitan dimension.The final part of the research explores and discusses the justifications provided by public interest litigants to support the relevance of a comparative approach in the interpretation of rights. The compilation of these justifications allows to confront those provided first hand to the judges with those constructed post facto by the scholarly literature. It reveals the uncertain implications of some of these justifications, in particular the one pointing to the universal nature of the discussed rights and the one invoking the need for consistency among the approaches of jurisdictions.The research thus allows to confirm the hypothesis that public interest litigants play a key role in judicial dialogue. Moreover, it points at further promising researches, and this thesis hopes to draw the attention to often neglected elements, such as the identity and status of the actors bringing comparative information, the forms of citations and the roles assigned to them, the aspects of legal culture that are seldom mentioned in the literature and the implications of the justifications explicitly or implicitly provided for the relevance of comparative material.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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SchoÌˆnlau, Justus. "The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights : legitimation through deliberation." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252238.

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PEIXINHO, MANOEL MESSIAS. "THEORIES AND METHODS OF INTERPRETATION THE FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6263@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A proposta de uma tese de doutorado sobre teorias e métodos de interpretação dos direitos fundamentais exige uma investigação propedêutica de premissas basilares. Os direitos fundamentais devem ser investigados a partir de uma análise conceitual que procure dissipar as polissemias conceituais e estabeleça a precisão terminológica do tema pesquisado. Outrossim, num segundo momento, a delimitação conceitual há que ser expandida historicamente como exigência de um debate teórico fundamental à compreensão das garantias clássicas liberais. As teorias e os métodos de interpretação dos direitos fundamentais têm origem nos direitos alemão e espanhol e têm fontes secundárias os contributos oriundos das tradições americana e francesa. É cientificamente relevante a recepção dessas teorias e métodos para a interpretação dos diretos fundamentais no Brasil, desde que não haja uma transposição acrítica de metodologias estrangeiras, com o conseqüente desconhecimento das especificidades inerentes aos valores presentes no constitucionalismo brasileiro.
A doctorate thesis proposal about the fundamental human rights theories and methods of interpretation demands one propaedeutic investigation of the basilar premises. The fundamental human rights must be investigated from a conceptual analysis which objective is to dissipate the meaningful concepts and establish the terminological precision of the researched theme. Secondly, the conceptual delimitation should be historically expanded as a fundamental theory debate for the comprehension of the classical liberal guarantees. The fundamental human rights theories and methods of interpretation lay its origin in the German and Spanish rights, having as secondary sources the contributions which have come from the American and French traditions. It is scientific relevant the reception of these theories and methods of interpretation for the fundamental human rights interpretation in Brazil, as long as there isn`t a transposition out of critic from foreign methodologies, without the consequent acknowledgement of the inherent peculiarities for the present values in the Brazilian constitutionalism.

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FREITAS, ESTEVAO D. AVILA. "THE CONSTITUCIONAL INTERPRETATION AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS BY GOMES CANOTILHO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13484@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O presente estudo versará sobre a Interpretação da constituição na Teoria das Restrições dos Direitos Fundamentais, objetivando oferecer uma compreensão da hermenêutica específica e constitucionalmente adequada para os direitos fundamentais. A primeira parte da pesquisa assentar-se-á, primordialmente, na tarefa de desenvolver propostas para uma teoria adequada da concretização de princípios constitucionais. O desenvolvimento deste estudo, conectar-se-á com dois pilares do Direito: norma e sistema jurídico. Isso porque incorporamos a noção pós-positivista de Constituição como sistema aberto de princípios e regras de Canotilho. A segunda parte da pesquisa pretende desenvolver uma metódica estruturante em vista de uma teoria que melhor se adeqüe as restrições aos direitos fundamentais na interpretação da Constituição brasileira de 1988. E se fala em teoria adequada considerando-se aquela voltada para a realidade jurídico- Constitucional brasileira que se nos revela, no texto constitucional de 1988. Na terceira parte do trabalho estudaremos a colisão, as restrições e a ponderação de interesses como ferramenta metodológica de aferição da constitucionalidade das restrições aos direitos fundamentais. Por fim, na quarta parte do trabalho trataremos das restrições e colisões de direitos fundamentais na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A concretização dos direitos fundamentais, as colisões e restrições e os seus correspondentes momentos de aplicação jurisprudencial mostram a importância do método concretizante para a configuração de uma Nova Hermenêutica projetada para melhor responder as demandas de uma sociedade plural e complexa, pois não perde de vista a realidade onde se insere.
The present study will approach the interpretation of the constitution in the Theory of Restrictions of Fundamental Right, having as its objective to offer an understanding of the specific hermeneutic and constitutionally adequate for fundamental rights. The first part of the research will be based, primarily, in the task of developing proposals for a suitable theory of materialization of constitutional principles. The development of this study, it will be connected with two pillars of Right: norm and legal system. This, because, we incorporate the concept post-positivist of Constitution as Canotilhos open system of principles and rules. The second part of the research aims at developing a methodical structure, by regarding to a theory that better adapts to the restrictions on Fundamental Rights in the interpretation of Brazilian Constitution in 1988. It is said in adequate theory, taking into account that one which is directed toward a constitutional legal Brazilian reality that it is disclosed in 1988 constitutional text. In the third part we will study the collision, the restrictions and the balance of interests as methodological tool of gauging of the constitutionality of the restrictions on Fundamental Rights. Finally, in the fourth part of the paper we will deal with the restrictions and collisions of Fundamental Rights of Supreme Court jurisprudence. The achievement of the Fundamental Rights, the collisions and restrictions and their corresponding moments of jurisprudential application show the importance of the materializing method to set up a New Hermeneutic designed to better answer the demands of a plural and complex society, for it doesnt lose the vision of the reality where it is in.

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Ochoa, Cardich César. "Indecopi’s bureaucratic barriers control and economic fundamental rights guardianship." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115562.

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This study analyzes the guardianship role on entrepreneurial freedom fundamental rights, non- discrimination in economic and property aspects exerted by the Elimination of Bureaucratic Barriers Commission from the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and IntellectualProperty (Indecopi) developed throughout resolutions and administrative cases set up by the Defense of Competition Chamber #1. This role is particularly relevant in our legal system, due to their special functions the Elimination of Bureaucratic Barriers Commission is entitled by legal mandate to establish the non- application of rules in specific cases exercising legal control. This administrative function- initially misunderstood-has proved to be an efficient tool for the guardianship of economic rights due to our judicial system ineffectiveness in contentious administrative matters. The author considers the possibility of making a constitutional reform in order to provide specialized administrative bodies, such as INDECOPI, with the quality of “primary administrative jurisdiction” whose resolutions will only be reviewed by the State Council jurisdiction.
En el presente estudio se analiza el rol de tutela de los derechos fundamentales de libertad de empresa, no discriminación económica y de propiedad ejercido por la Comisión de Eliminación de Barreras Burocráticas del Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual —Indecopi—, que se ha desarrollado a través de sus resoluciones y de los precedentes administrativos establecidos por la Sala de Defensa de la Competencia 1. Este rol de tutela es muy relevante en nuestro sistema jurídico, en el cual,por su especialidad funcional, la Comisión de Eliminación de Barreras Burocráticas está habilitada por mandato legal para la inaplicación de normas en casos concretos en ejercicio del control de legalidad. Esta función administrativa —que en sus inicios fue incomprendida— ha resultado una herramienta eficaz para la tutela de los derechos económicos del administrado en razón de la inoperancia del sistema judicialista en locontencioso administrativo en el Perú. El autor considera que debe estudiarse la posibilidad de reformar la Constitución para atribuir a ciertos órganos administrativos especializados, como los del Indecopi, la calidad de jurisdicción administrativa primaria, cuyas resoluciones solo serán revisables por la jurisdicción de un Consejo deEstado.

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Guilanyà, Serrano Rubèn. "Opposable reasons: solving conflicts of fundamental rights and norms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671826.

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This dissertation argues that the deadlock that constitutional courts find themselves in when justifying decisions on cases that involve conflicting constitutional norms can be best resolved by appealing to a particular type of reasons, namely opposable reasons. These opposable reasons form the basis for building a minimal account of law that can meaningfully claim a universal reach while being fully compatible with libertarian or anarchist ideals. This dissertation explores in depth concepts such as KANT’s obligationes non colliduntur principle, RAZ’s second-order reasons, RAWL’s reflective equilibrium, and SCANLON’s reasons for action so as to make the case in favour of opposable reasons.
Aquesta tesi argumenta que l’atzucac que afronten els tribunals constitucionals a l’hora de justificar decisions sobre casos que impliquen normes constitucionals en conflicte es pot resoldre apel·lant a un tipus particular de raons: a saber, raons oposables. Aquestes raons oposables constitueixen la base per construir un concepció mínima del dret que pot atribuir-se justificadament un abast universal, alhora que és del tot compatible amb els ideals llibertaris i anarquistes. Amb l’objectiu de defensar les raons oposables, aquesta tesi analitza en profunditat conceptes com el principi obligationes non colliduntur de KANT, les raons de segon ordre de RAZ, l’equilibri reflexiu de RAWLS i les raons per a l’acció de SCANLON.

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Malila, Mumba. "The place of individuals? duties in international human rights law : perspectives from the African human rights system." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60063.

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Some worry has been expressed in human rights circles that the human rights archetype has for some time now, disproportionately preoccupied itself with the culture of rights and claims at the expense of individuals? duties and responsibilities. A claim is made that while rights are individualistic, self-seeking, unworldly, self-indulgent and anti-social, individual duties and responsibilities are collective, social, humane, nuanced and associated with correct traditional and social behaviour and human values. The language of rights has dominated the texts of bills of rights in constitutions, and international instruments, and many view this rhetoric as unproblematic. Others, however, consider the currency of that language as overlooking, with dire consequences to human society, the concept of duty as the missing link of human dignity. There have, accordingly, been calls for a renewed focus on individual duties and responsibilities in the human rights discourse. The question is whether focussing on individual responsibility is necessary to counterbalance what is viewed by some as a bias towards rights. Efforts to raise international consciousness of what is regarded as the limitation of a purely rights-based approach to human rights has been spearheaded by, among others, faith based organisations. These have advocated not only a more visible recognition of individual duties and responsibilities generally, but an international declaration of human responsibilities as a ?common standard for all people and all nations.? The calls being made are premised on, first, a view that a device in the form of an international declaration ? a set of international rules ? should be developed to change the current human rights architecture. This code of ethical obligations is necessary to guide and change individual behaviour. Second, a belief that greater emphasis should be laid on individual duty responsibility to supplement existing international human rights norms and standards, and finally, that human rights principles alone are inadequate for modern societies to regulate themselves well. With particular reference to perspectives from the African Charter based human rights system, this project interrogates these concerns regarding duties with a view to ascertaining whether there is justification in them. Using as a reference point the concept of duties in the African Charter and to a small extent that in the African Children's Charter, which represents the older ii and more established part of the African human rights system, the project concludes that although individuals? duties are important and deserve greater attention, there is no convincing case for the calls that are being made in this regard.
Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
LLD
Unrestricted

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O'Connor, Niall. "The impact of EU Fundamental Rights on the employment relationship." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286333.

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The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impact of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (the Charter) on the employment relationship. The Charter has long been praised for its inclusion of socio-economic rights alongside traditional civil and political rights. It might have been thought, therefore, that the Charter would be a particularly potent tool in the employment context, characterised as it is, by the continuous interaction between economic and social rights. However, to draw an analogy from George Orwell's Animal Farm, although 'all rights are equal, some rights are more equal than others'. Not only does the Charter distinguish between 'rights' and 'principles', but the EU Court of Justice (CJEU) seems actively to prioritise the Charter's economic freedoms over the social rights. This thesis focuses on the consequences of this variable geometry for the regulation of the employment relationship. In particular, it examines the widening gap between contractual autonomy/business freedom as a fundamental right found in article 16 of the Charter and the employment rights contained in the Solidarity Title. Of particular concern from an employee's perspective is the decision of the CJEU in the case of Alemo-Herron and its progeny. In a series of highly deregulatory judgments, the CJEU has found that the employee-protective aim of the relevant legislation was incompatible with the employer's freedom to conduct a business. At the same time, the CJEU has been reluctant to invoke the Charter's employment rights to give an employee-friendly reading to legislation. The effect of this divergence for the employment relationship is explored in two ways. On a micro level, the thesis looks to the very practical or 'day to day' influence of fundamental rights at various stages in the life cycle of the employment contract. It addresses the relationship between individually agreed employment terms and fundamental rights sources. The macro level considers the broader question of the effect of fundamental rights on the EU's (or the State's) ability to regulate the employment relationship more generally. It is demonstrated that there may be a systemic problem with fundamental economic freedoms being prioritised over social rights, namely the employment provisions of the Charter.

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VIANNA, NATASHA RIBEIRO. "FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF LEGAL ENTITIES: A STUDY OF COMPARATIVE LAW." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17013@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O objetivo deste trabalho é, considerada a relevância dos direitos fundamentais através de um exame dos micro-sistemas legais de fonte constitucional, desenvolver uma análise comparativa dos direitos da personalidade da pessoa jurídica na Alemanha, em Portugal e no Brasil. Para tanto serão abordados os principais aspectos da matéria em cada um dos países escolhidos a fim de serem apresentadas as informações relevantes para a elaboração de uma síntese comparativa com a finalidade de evidenciar a recepção de direitos, as semelhanças entre os sistemas e ressaltar as diferenças do tratamento do tema nesses países. A intenção de elaborar uma análise de cunho comparativo se justifica pelo entendimento de que os estudos de direito comparado são de grande relevância para o desenvolvimento do direito nacional, para a compreensão dos sistemas jurídicos estrangeiros e para a identificação de fontes inspiradoras das transformações constitucionais.
The aim of the work is to develop a comparative analysis of personality’s rights of legal entities in Germany, Portugal and Brazil, considering its relevance through an examination of the legal micro-systems of constitutional source. To this end, we discuss the main aspects of the matter in each of the countries selected in order to present relevant information to the elaboration of a comparative overview with the purpose of highlighting the acceptance doctrine, the similarities between the systems and pointing out the different treatment of the subject in those countries. The intention to prepare a comparative analysis is justified by the understanding that comparative law is of great importance for the development of national law, to the understanding of foreign legal systems and to identify sources of inspiration regarding constitutional changes.

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Carlson, Melanie A. "The Corporate Exploitation of Fundamental Rights: A Nation of Arbitration." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1507.

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This thesis is an in-depth discussion and analysis of the alternative dispute resolution process of arbitration in the United States. It begins by providing a basic explanatory overview of arbitration clauses and the arbitration process. It then goes on to highlight the various benefits over traditional court litigation that arbitration has to offer. From there, the paper presents a detailed discussion of the many shortcomings of the arbitration process. It identifies the overall lack of procedural fairness that exists in arbitration today due to the fact that arbitration currently tends to favor businesses over consumers and workers during dispute settlements. The paper then identifies the various negative potential consequences that exist as a result of the unfair nature of arbitration today. This thesis concludes by presenting various ways that the arbitration process can be improved upon to make for a fairer, more neutral dispute resolution alternative.

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Mazon, Cassiano. "A fundamentação das decisões judiciais e a prisão preventiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5934.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cassiano Mazon.pdf: 996276 bytes, checksum: 7633766463328c88c8d77f4fd75d295d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-19
This thesis is a study on the issue of the grounds of court decisions and preventive detention orders, in light of both domestic and foreign legislation and books of authority, including Brazilian case law. The criminal procedure, an enforceable constitutional right, is a fundamental guarantee under a democratic rule of law system, the central pillar of which is human dignity. Under the rule of law, all court decisions must be duly grounded, notably in the case of the need to restrict fundamental rights, such as an individual s freedom, through a preventive detention order. The grounds arising from the due process of law consist in providing all details of the legal and factual basis which led the court to render such decision. The grounds given by the court must be just, dialectic, coherent and rational, as mere references to legal provisions, allusion to vague and generic formulae, which may be adjusted to any circumstance, are not sufficient. Considering the principle of presumption of innocence, it has been established that preventive detention, a provisional remedy par excellence, is marked by its provisional character in that it should remain effective for the same time the urgent situation that justified it lasts - thus qualifying as an exceptional measure - hence, applicable to emergency situations, if and when all other provisional remedies prove to be improper and insufficient. This study has shown that preventive detention may be ordered in view of the presence of certain legal assumptions and requirements, therefore its grounds requires from the court a careful examination of the circumstances and particularities of the case in question, in light of the principle of proportionality. The conclusion is that unjust and defective grounds give rise to the acknowledgement of the nullity thereof as the essential values provided in the Constitution may be harmed and thus adversely affect human dignity
A presente dissertação abordou o tema da fundamentação das decisões judiciais e a prisão preventiva, mediante análise da legislação e da doutrina, nacionais e estrangeiras, bem como da jurisprudência pátria. O processo penal, direito constitucional aplicado, é uma garantia fundamental no Estado Democrático de Direito, cujo pilar central é a dignidade humana. No Estado Democrático de Direito, devem ser motivadas todas as decisões judiciais, máxime diante da necessidade de restrição a direitos fundamentais, no caso a liberdade, mediante a decretação da prisão preventiva. A fundamentação, decorrente do princípio do devido processo legal, consiste na explicitação das razões de fato e de direito que conduziram o magistrado à decisão. O discurso justificativo judicial deve mostrar-se íntegro, dialético, coerente e racional, não sendo suficientes meras referências a dispositivos legais, com alusão a fórmulas vagas e genéricas, ajustáveis a toda e qualquer situação. Considerando o princípio da presunção de inocência, consignou-se que a prisão preventiva, cautelar por excelência, é marcada pela provisoriedade, devendo vigorar enquanto perdurar a situação de urgência que justificou a decretação da medida, constituindo providência excepcional, porquanto aplicável às hipóteses emergenciais, se e quando todas as demais medidas cautelares mostrarem-se inadequadas e insuficientes. O estudo demonstrou que a prisão preventiva só poderá ser decretada em face da presença de determinados pressupostos e requisitos legais, razão pela qual sua motivação demandará, por parte do magistrado, análise das circunstâncias e peculiaridades do caso concreto, à luz do princípio da proporcionalidade. Ao final, restou assente que a fundamentação inidônea, dotada de vícios, enseja reconhecimento de sua nulidade, por comprometer valores essenciais consagrados no Texto Constitucional, atingindo a própria dignidade da pessoa humana

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Pellegrino, Claudia Lea. "La Cour constitutionnelle italienne et son rôle en matière de garantie des droits fondamentaux des étrangers." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0186.

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Le présent travail se propose d’examiner le rôle joué par la Cour Constitutionnelle italienne dans la garantie des droits fondamentaux des individus, inscrits dans la Constitution, eu égard notamment à la catégorie des étrangers, n’ayant aucun lien de citoyenneté avec l’Etat.La recherche a été menée dans une perspective de reconstruction historique qui part de l’évolution de la justice constitutionnelle en Europe et des travaux de l’Assemblée constituante en Italie concernant l’institution du« Juge des lois ».Dans la première partie de la thèse, on a approfondi les profils de la structure de la Cour, de son fonctionnement, des instruments décisoires et des mécanismes d’accès au jugement constitutionnel sur les lois. A l’égard de ces derniers, on a voulu focaliser l’attention sur le recours incident tel qu’il est configuré dans notre système de justice constitutionnelle, en analysant ses points de force et ses limites et en opérant, ensuite, une comparaison avec la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité introduite, il y a dix ans, dans le système français.Objet d’étude a été également, le manque, dans le système italien, de toute forme de recours direct de la part des particuliers qui leur permette de saisir la Cour, même à défaut d’un jugement à quo engendrant la saisine de la question de légitimité constitutionnelle.On a pris, par conséquent, en considération les propositions législatives concernant l’introduction d’une telle institution et les orientations doctrinales qui se sont exprimées en termes positifs ou négatifs par rapport à cette possibilité.La deuxième partie, représentant le cœur du travail, concerne la contribution de la Cour constitutionnelle à la définition du statut juridique de l'étranger et à la mise en œuvre du droit constitutionnel d'asile. L’évolution de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle en matière d’immigration se caractérise par une certaine autolimitation de la part de la Cour par rapport au pouvoir discrétionnaire du législateur. L'attitude de la Cour varie toutefois également en fonction des aspects réglementés et des droits présumés violés par la législation soumise au contrôle de constitutionnalité.En définitive, la Cour a contribué considérablement à un ajustement dynamique du statut des droits et des devoirs des étrangers, également avec des déclarations d'inconstitutionnalité visant à assurer la reconnaissance effective des droits de l’homme, consacrés dans la Constitution et dans le droit supranational et international, qui doivent être appliqués quelle que soit la possession du status civitatis ou le caractère régulier du séjour. En ce qui concerne le droit constitutionnel d’asile, la disposition de référence est l’article 10, paragraphe 3 de la Constitution.Le punctum crucis de la réflexion sur l'asile tel qu’il est défini par la Constitution est représenté par la relation de cet institut avec ceux de la protection internationale (statut de réfugié et protection subsidiaire) régis par la législation interne de transposition des directives européennes faisant partie dudit « Système européen commun d’asile » ainsi que de la forme résiduelle de protection interne dite "humanitaire", envisagée dans notre système jusqu'à sa récente abrogation. On a tenté de répondre à deux questions : le droit constitutionnel d'asile peut-il être considéré comme "absorbé" par les instruments de protection indiqués ci-dessus et, par conséquent, mis en œuvre dans notre système juridique?Quel rôle la Cour constitutionnelle a-t-elle joué dans la définition de la nature juridique de cette institution et des droits qui lui sont associés, en l’absence d’une loi mettant en œuvre la réserve de législation prévue par la disposition constitutionnelle susmentionnée?Le travail se conclut donc par le souhait d’une intervention plus significative de la Cour, sanctionnant l’absence d’une discipline prescrite par la Constitution, afin de rétablir le droit autonome de l’individu à l’asile constitutionnel
The present work aims to investigate the role of the Italian Constitutional Court in the protection of fundamental rights of individuals, enshrined in the Constitution. Special reference will be made to the category of third-country nationals, who are untied from the State by any bond of citizenship.This research is conducted following a perspective of historical reconstruction, starting from the evolution of constitutional justice in Europe and the works of the Italian Constituent Assembly concerning the establishment of a “Judge of laws”.The first section of the thesis analyses the Court’s structure, its functioning, the decision-making tools and the mechanisms of access to the constitutional judgment of the laws. With regard to the latter, it is intended to focus attention on the mechanism of cross-claim as it is designed in the Italian constitutional justice’s system, by analyzing its strengths and limits and by making a comparison with the “question prioritaire de constitutionnalité” introduced in France ten years ago.Furthermore, research aims to investigate the absence, in the Italian system, of any forms of direct appeal by the individuals, which may allow them to send a referral to the Court in the absence of an a quo judgment in which an opportunity for the referral of the question of constitutional legitimacy can be initiated.Moreover, object of analysis are the legislative proposals for the establishment of such an instrument, as well as the doctrinal orientations that have spoken in favor or against this opportunity.The second part, which constitutes the more original contribution of the work, relates to the role that the Constitutional Court has provided in defining the legal status of foreigners and in implementing the constitutional right of asylum. The evolution of the constitutional jurisprudence in the matter of immigration is characterized by a trend of self-restraint by the Court as far as the discretion of the legislator is concerned.However, the attitude of the Court also varies according to the aspects governed by sectorial legislation and the rights that are presumed to be violated by the laws subjected to the scrutiny of constitutionality.Ultimately, the Court has considerably contributed to a dynamic adjustment of the status of the rights and duties of foreigners, also with declarations of unconstitutionality aimed at ensuring effective recognition of human rights, enshrined in the Constitution and in supranational and international law, which must be applied regardless of the possession of the status civitatis or regularity of the stay.As for constitutional right of asylum, the reference provision is Article 10, paragraph 3 of the Constitution.The punctum crucis of the reflection on constitutional asylum is represented by the relationship of this institution with those of international protection(refugee status and subsidiary protection) governed by the internal legislation transposing the European directives forming part of the so-called "Common European Asylum System" as well as of the residual form of so- called "humanitarian" internal protection, contemplated in the Italian system until its recent repeal.An attempt was made to answer two questions: can the constitutional right of asylum be considered as "absorbed" by the tools of protection indicated above and, therefore, implemented in our legal system?What role has the Constitutional Court played in defining the legal nature of this institution and the rights associated with it, in the absence of a provision implementing the rule of law/statutory reservation provided by the aforementioned constitutional provision?The work concludes, therefore, with the hope of a more meaningful intervention by the Court, that may sanction the absence of a constitutionally prescribed discipline, in order to restore the autonomous right of the individual to constitutional asylum

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Barreto, Cecília Nogueira Guimarães. "A metódica constucional como critério legitimador para o Ministério Público tutelar o direito individual do idoso." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6288.

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In this Master´s thesis examines the right of the elderly from the perspective of neoconstitutionalism. Highlights the normative force of the Constitution andthe principle of human dignity as an argumentinen forcing rights of the elderly. Analyzes the realization of the right of elderswith the goal of achieving a fairer society. Comprises the normative structuring the right legal method of Friedrich Mülleras a means to arrive at the realization of the decision rule to protect seniors. It adopts the small ethicas Ricoeur north for a just society, made up o frules that promote the self-esteem and concern for others. It settles, still, the question of how toimbue the legal interpretation of the ethical teachings and philosophyto understand the role of the prosecutorin order to reach, against the majority thought, albeit indirectly, the protection of individual rights available in order to strengthen state protection for the elderly. Finally, we study the new procedural trend, making the very suggestion authored legislative change, as well as examining some administrative actions that limit the award of the Brazilian Public Ministry in its supervision of individual rights and the relevant case law evolution.
Na presente dissertação de Mestrado, examina-se o direito da pessoa idosa sob a ótica do neoconstitucionalismo. Destaca-se a força normativa da Constituição e o princípio da dignidade humana como argumento na efetivação de direitos dos idosos. Analisa-se a efetivação do direito dos mais velhos com o objetivo de se atingir uma sociedade mais justa. Compreende o método jurídico normativo estruturante do direito de Friedrich Müller como meio para se chegar à concretização da norma decisão de proteção à terceira idade. Adota-se a pequena ética de Ricoeur como norte para uma sociedade justa, feita de regras capazes de promover a estima pessoal e a solicitude ao próximo. Dirime-se, ainda, a questão de como impregnar a hermenêutica jurídica com os ensinamentos éticos da Filosofia e compreender a atuação do Ministério Público para que se alcance, na contramão do pensamento majoritário, ainda que indiretamente, a proteção aos direitos individuais disponíveis no intuito de fortalecer a proteção estatal à terceira idade. Por fim, estuda-se a nova tendência processual, fazendo a autora sugestão própria de alteração legislativa, bem como se examinam alguns atos administrativos que delimitam a atribuição do Ministério Público brasileiro na sua tutela do direito individual e a evolução jurisprudencial pertinente.

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Rios, Maria Eugenia. "Fundamental rights in Latin America a comparative study addressing human rights violations in Venezuela, Colombia, and Argentina." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/501.

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Over the last few decades the importance of human rights has increased considerably in international relations. With globalization and democratization, more states and individuals develop concerns about the fundamental rights every human is entitled to; regardless of sex, religion and ethnicity. Latin American countries began obtaining their independence over 200 years ago while progressing into becoming working democracies. Yet, they have been plagued by oscillating authoritarian regimes and social conflicts that constrain and inhibit their hopeful development. The majority of the Latin American states have reached a point where further positive growth was expected; yet human violations have taken a backseat within the government of such countries. The case studies shed light on the three main causes of human right violations in Latin America. These are: the abuse of power by the government and the subsequent changes to the constitution to gain further control and authority; the government's inadequacy in dealing with subversive groups; and the deficiency of subsequent democratic governments to bring past offenders to trial for crimes against humanity while giving pardons to those who did face trial. By understanding why the violation of human rights occurred, future infringements can be avoided and fundamental rights will be awarded to all humans.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
International and Global Studies

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TEIXEIRA, SERGIO PAULO DE ABREU MARTINS. "THE ESSENCE OF FEDERALISM: THE BUILDING OF DEMOCRACY AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7730@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A proposta desta dissertação consiste em uma releitura do federalismo, buscando a percepção, a partir de uma perspectiva tríplice, de sua essência, ou seja, o núcleo a ser preservado para afirmação da democracia e dos direitos fundamentais. Em uma primeira perspectiva, de viés estático e de abordagem dogmática, a essência do fenômeno é tomada a partir da identificação de seus elementos estruturais e dos traços que o singularizam, chegando ao seu entendimento como um mecanismo de controle do arbítrio, por meio de uma distribuição territorial do poder político entre entidades autônomas, mas unidas, vinculadas por relações de coordenação e cooperação, visando à consecução de objetivos comuns. A segunda perspectiva reflete a essência dinâmica do Estado federal, reconhecendo sua flexibilidade e capacidade de adaptação às diferentes realidades sociais, políticas, econômicas e étnicas, o que é desvelado por seu percurso histórico e pela descrição do paradigmático caso norte-americano, desde sua origem até seus contornos atuais ditados pela Suprema Corte. A terceira perspectiva examina a essência do federalismo sob o prisma axiológico e principiológico, a fim de identificar os princípios inspiradores e de estruturação do Estado federal. Introduzido o federalismo sob essa tripla perspectiva, indica-se, ao fim, a chave para conciliação de sua essência simultaneamente estática e dinâmica, assegurando a permanente afirmação da democracia e dos direitos fundamentais e a concretização da unidade, pela harmonização da autonomia política dos entes federativos com a integração nacional.
The proposal of this dissertation consists in a review of the federalism, by searching, from a triple perspective, its essence, in others words, the nucleus to be preserved for the building of democracy and fundamental rights. In the first perspective - a static view -, the essence of the phenomenon is taken from the identification of its structural elements and characteristics that make it singular. The federalism is understood as a mechanism of control against despotism, allowing territorial distribution of the state political power between selfgovernment entities, that are united by coordinate and cooperative relationships, aiming common objectives. The second perspective reflects the dynamic essence of the federal State, recognizing its flexibility and its capacity to adapt to the different social, political, economic and ethnic realities, which is revealed by its historical route and by the description of the United State case, since its origins until the current outlines determined by the Supreme Court. The third perspective examines the essence of federalism under the prism of values and juridical principles, in order to identify federal state´s inspiring and structural principles. Introduced the federalism under this triple perspective, the study indicates, at its end, the key for conciliating the essence simultaneously static and dynamic of the federalism, through the harmonization of the federated entities´ self-government with the national integration, in a way to assure the permanent statement of democracy and fundamental rights and the integrity of the union.

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47

Calgaro, Cleide. "A justiça como equidade em John Rawls e o programa bolsa família : a possibilidade da fundamentação dos direitos fundamentais individuais de liberdade e igualdade no Brasil de 2003 a 2015." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/992.

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O presente trabalho examina o Programa Bolsa Família, uma política pública redistributiva no Brasil, que proporcionou os direitos fundamentais individuais de liberdade e igualdade inseridos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Este estudo verifica, também, se, por intermédio dessa política pública, conseguiu-se promover emancipação, autonomia e a cidadania dos beneficiários. Para tanto, partiu-se do estudo da Teoria da Justiça de John Rawls, para verificar se há ou não a presença dos princípios desse autor nesse contexto. A pesquisa debruça-se em verificar se com a inserção do Programa Bolsa Família e com a presença dos princípios de Rawls – no que se refere à igualdade e à liberdade – houve uma melhor condição de vida para as famílias brasileiras que vivem em situação de pobreza e/ou de extrema pobreza. O método utilizado é o analítico dedutivo, tendo como referencial de base a Teoria da Justiça, de John Rawls. Os resultados obtidos a partir da dissertação revelaram que existe uma melhora considerável na condição de vida dos beneficiários, isso ressalvado no fato de sua condição de vida anterior. Também, ressalta-se que há a presença dos princípios da justiça de Rawls no programa Bolsa Família no que se refere aos direitos fundamentais individuais de liberdade e igualdade. Por fim, observa-se que há autonomia e emancipação dos beneficiários do programa, tendo em vista sua condição de vida anterior.
Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-09-03T16:56:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cleide Calgaro.pdf: 1489456 bytes, checksum: 110996487a52f55403c61c0533396cfe (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-03T16:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cleide Calgaro.pdf: 1489456 bytes, checksum: 110996487a52f55403c61c0533396cfe (MD5)
The presente work examines the Bolsa Família (Family Allowance), a brazilian redistributive public policy that provided the individual fundamental rights of freedom and equality inserted in the Federal Constitution of 1988. This study checks, too, if its implementation has promoted the emancipation, autonomy and citizenship of the beneficiaries of these policies. Therefore, taking John Rawls and his Theory of Justice as basis, this work aims to verify whether or not are its principles present in this context. This research focuses on checking if the implementation of the Bolsa Família Program and the presence of Rawls‟ principles – with special regards to equality and freedom – have contributed to ensure a better quality of life for brazilian families living in poverty and extreme poverty. The method used is the analytical-deductive, having as basis of reference the "theory of justice" by John Rawls. The work results show that a considerable improvement occurred in the living conditions of the beneficiaries, in contrast with their former life status. Also, it emphasizes the presence of Rawls‟ justice principles in the program Bolsa Família, especially on the matter of individual fundamental rights of freedom and equality. Finally, it is observed that there is autonomy and emancipation of the program beneficiaries, in comparison with their former status.

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48

Bates, Edward. "The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950-2000 : the foundations to Europe's Bill of Rights." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364446.

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49

Kovacs, Erika. "The legal nature of Art. 30 CFREU - A human right, a fundamental right, a right?" University Osijek, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6968/1/1_Kovacs.pdf.

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The article provides for an analysis of the legal nature of Article 30 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which declares "the right to protection against unjustified dismissal". In the focus of attention is the question, whether this right constitutes a human or a fundamental right or it is a right without the status of being fundamental or alternatively only a basic principle. The considerations are based on the legal theory of human rights and particularly social rights, as well as on the understanding of this right in the various international treaties and the constitutional traditions of the Member States. Furthermore, the article addresses the question of implementation of Article 30 in the national laws, scrutinizes the interpretation of Art. 51 Abs 1 of the Charter and highlights the deficiencies and possibilities. Also the image of this right mirrored in the European Union's law and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union is examined.

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50

Küng, Elize. "An international perspective on the fundamental human rights of educators / Elize Küng." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2452.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fundamental rights of individuals'

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