Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fundamental Risk Characteristics

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fundamental Risk Characteristics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fundamental Risk Characteristics"

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Douglas, Sifuna, Omagwa Dr.Job, and Vincent Mutswenje Dr. "FUNDAMENTAL RISK FACTORS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF INSURANCE FIRMS IN KENYA." International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 12, no. 1 (2024): 210–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13828149.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The financial performance of Insurance firms plays a vital role in increasing the sector's market value and leads to the economy's overall growth. There exists substantial empirical literature on fundamental risk factors and the financial performance of commercial banks and microfinance institutions. However, few studies have delved much into the relationship between fundamental risk factors and the financial performance of Insurance firms. The downward financial performance trend of the Insurance firms in Kenya is a cause for concerns among various stakeholders. The
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Benfenati, Emilio, Daniel Genah, Roberto Verro, and Paulo Mazzatorta. "Chemical Analysis, Distributed Modelling and Risk Indices. Three Fundamental Pillars in Risk Assessment." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.858.

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The Risk Assessment (RA) of pollutants from contaminated sites and landfills is a major environmental issue in Europe, due to the large number of sites and to the importance of groundwater protection. The high number of contaminants and the lack of knowledge of their environmental properties and their ecotoxicological and toxicological characteristics complicate the problem. Furthermore, this information about the chemicals has to be combined with the data relative to the territory and to the targets. We will describe the problems relative to each topic involved in the process, and we will pro
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Rezzy, Eko Caraka, Abu Bakar Sakhinah, Tahmid Muhammad, Yasin Hasbi, and Dwi Kurniawan Isma. "Neurocomputing fundamental climate analysis." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 17, no. 4 (2019): 1818–27. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v17i4.11788.

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Rainfall is a natural phenomenon that needs to be studied more deeply and interesting to be analyzed. It involves numbers of human activities such as aviation, agriculture, fisheries, and also disaster risk reduction. Moreover, the characteristics of rainfall data follows seasonality, fluctuation, not normally distributed and it makes traditional time series challenging to use. Therefore, neurocomputing model can be used as an alternative to extraction information from rainfall data and give high performance also accuracy. In this paper, we give short preview about SST Anomalies in Manado, Nor
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Serrano-Monge, Esteban. "Inferences from Portfolio Theory and Efficient Market Hypothesis to the Impact of Social Media on Sovereign Debt: Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 4 (2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15040160.

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For three countries of similar economic characteristics, I ratify previous studies of the impact of fundamental macroeconomic and foreign exchange variables influencing country risk, as captured by the Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI). I contribute to existing research, first by calculating a proxy of risk I call endogenous risk that analyzes the quarterly variability of economic activity, and second, by calculating a variable of sentiment from Twitter activity. I gauge the impact of both on the country risk metric in addition to variables in existing research about the determinants of countr
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KOROTKIKH, Vyacheslav V. "Statistical analysis of stable fundamental anomalies in stock pricing on the Russian market." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 23, no. 1 (2024): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.23.1.91.

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Subject. The article considers stable anomalies in the dynamics of stock prices on the Russian stock market, which are caused by specific characteristics of issuing companies. Objectives. The aim is to perform a cross-sectional analysis of excess returns of stock portfolios reflecting new stable fundamental anomalies of the Russian stock market. Methods. The study employs the data of accounting (financial) statements of issuers. I considered the groups of indicators related to operational efficiency, expectation of slowdown in operational efficiency, threat of insolvency (bankruptcy) of the is
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Isles, Anthony R., Catharine A. Winstanley, and Trevor Humby. "Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1766 (2018): 20180128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0128.

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Our willingness to take risks, our ability to wait or the speed with which to make decisions are central features of our personality. However, it is now recognized that impulsive and risk-taking behaviours are not a unitary construct, and different aspects can be both psychologically and neurally dissociated. The range of neurochemicals and brain systems that govern these behaviours is extensive, and this may be a contributing factor to the phenotypic range seen in the human population. However, this variety can also be pathological as extremes in risk-taking and impulsive behaviours are chara
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Murrelle, Lenn, Christopher R. E. Coggins, Chris Gennings, et al. "Hypotheses and fundamental study design characteristics for evaluating potential reduced-risk tobacco products. Part I: Heuristic." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 57, no. 1 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.12.002.

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Krenz, Shannon, Anastasios P. Angelopoulos, and Ernst-Arndt Reinecke. "Fundamental Study of the Operational Characteristics of Recombination Catalysts for Hydrogen Risk Mitigation at Low Temperatures." Hydrogen 6, no. 2 (2025): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen6020032.

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International projects study the safety aspects of the storage and long-distance transportation of liquid hydrogen at large scales. Catalytic recombiners, which are today key elements of hydrogen risk mitigation in nuclear power plants, could become an efficient safety device to prevent flammable gas mixtures after liquid hydrogen leakages in closed rooms. This study tackles fundamental questions about the operational behavior of typical recombiner catalysts related to the conditions of the start-up and the termination of the catalytic reaction. For this purpose, small-scale catalyst sheets wi
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Li, Jing Rong, and Chun Juan Fu. "Research on Statistic Characteristics of Fluctuations in China Stock Market." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5975.

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It is well known that the psychology of market participants have important influences on stock market price trend, but information on this level is far from detail for market participants. When facing different stocks to determine their investment configurations, market participants join the irrational behavior on considerations of stock market price trend; will surely help him choose to invest better or more effective risk management. As the start of a new exploratory study, the paper based on statistic regression model as the main tools, selected several plates with significant fundamental d
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DasGupta, Ranjan, and Rashmi Singh. "Antecedents of Firm’s Risk-play – A Structural Equation Modeling Approach in an Emerging Market Context." Australasian Business, Accounting & Finance Journal 15, no. 2 (2021): 56–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v15i2.5.

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Firm-risk and managerial risk-taking though distinct are used interchangeably in empirical literature. Here, we identify these two distinctly by examining different proxies for them. We use income stream uncertainty and accounting beta to proxy firm-risk, and market risk and capital intensity ratio represent managerial risk-taking. Once defined, our objective is to find the antecedents of both these by using the most advanced structural equation modelling (SEM) approach from created constructs of performance, psychological, corporate governance, shareholding patterns, fundamental valuation and
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Books on the topic "Fundamental Risk Characteristics"

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Sysoevam, Elena, Sergey Trushin, Vladimir Konovalov, Vladimir Gur'ev, and Vyacheslav Etenko. Architectural structures and design theory: Low-rise residential buildings. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1921385.

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The textbook introduces various types of structural systems of buildings, individual structural elements, their characteristics and purpose. At the end there is a construction dictionary of terms used in the text.&#x0D; Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.&#x0D; For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training "Construction", mastering the discipline "Fundamentals of architectural and construction design of buildings and structures". It is of interest to teachers of architectural and con
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Bakulina, Anna, Marina Charaeva, and Dina Kandaurova. Corporate financial audit. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2158059.

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The textbook presents the main theoretical aspects reflecting the substantive characteristics of corporate financial auditing, its goals, functions, information and analytical base; methodological provisions including tools for in-depth financial analysis, as well as the use of a risk-based approach as a methodological basis for organizing financial auditing in a corporation. Understanding the basic principles and methods of corporate financial auditing, as well as systematization and consolidation of the fundamentals of theory and practice of developing an expert audit report will help studen
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Baker, H. Kent, and Greg Filbeck. Hedge Funds Fundamentals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607371.003.0001.

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This chapter provides background material for understanding the multifaceted nature of hedge funds. The first section begins by defining a hedge fund, followed by a discussion of distinguishing characteristics, benefits and risks, history of hedge funds, hedge fund investment strategies, funds of funds, hedge fund performance, and hedge fund biases, including selection bias, survivorship bias, backfill bias, and liquidation bias. The next section discusses the purpose of the book followed by sections on its distinguishing features and the intended audience. The chapter then outlines the six ma
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Basu, Sanjay. Fundamentals. Edited by Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0001.

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In this chapter, the author defines and provides examples of several key terms used in public health and healthcare modeling research. The chapter begins by clarifying the differences between key terms used to describe rates of disease (incidence, prevalence, and mortality) as well as the performance characteristics of tests used to detect disease (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value), prevent or treat disease (odds ratios, relative risks), understand studies (case-control, cohort, and randomized controlled trials), and avoid common study problems
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Russell, Stephen T., and Stacey S. Horn, eds. Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.001.0001.

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Studies of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth show them to be at risk for some of the greatest difficulties experienced by adolescents: many of those problems have been traced directly to negative experiences in schooling. After more than a decade of research focused on the experiences of LGBT students in schools, a new generation of studies has begun to identify characteristics of schools that are associated with inclusion and safety for LGBT students, including practices and policies that are associated with positive school climate and student well-being. This book brings t
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Bruner, Christopher M. The Corporation as Technology. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197635179.001.0001.

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Recent decades have witnessed environmental, social, and economic upheaval, spawning a host of interconnected crises to which major corporations have contributed. This book examines dynamics of the corporate form and corporate law that incentivize harmful corporate excesses, and advances an alternative vision to render corporate activities more sustainable. The corporate form is widely described by reference to a set of purportedly fixed characteristics that strongly prioritize shareholders’ interests. Bruner, however, argues that such rigid and static depictions fundamentally misconstrue the
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Karatasakis, G., and G. D. Athanassopoulos. Cardiomyopathies. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0019.

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Echocardiography is a key diagnostic method in the management of patients with cardiomyopathies.The main echocardiographic findings of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are asymmetric hypertrophy of the septum, increased echogenicity of the myocardium, systolic anterior motion, turbulent left ventricular (LV) outflow tract blood flow, intracavitary gradient of dynamic nature, mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve and mitral regurgitation. The degree of hypertrophy and the magnitude of the obstruction have prognostic meaning. Echocardiography plays a fundamental role not only in diagnostic process
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Fisher, James L., and James V. Koch. The Entrepreneurial College President. Praeger, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216192749.

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Today's most successful college presidents are primarily defined by entrpreneurial attitudes and behavior. This landmark empirical study is substantially an update of the groundbreaking book by Fisher, Tack, and Wheeler entitled The Effective College President published in 1988. The sample used for this latest study is the largest ever of college presidents (more than 700), including presidents located in all regions of the United States, and including more women and minorities than found in prior studies. Fisher and Koch clearly demonstrate that common ground exists between the classic and te
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Dezzani, Raymond J., and Christopher Chase-Dunn. The Geography of World Cities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.423.

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World cities are a product of the globalization of economic activity that has characterized post-World War II capitalism, and exhibit characteristics previously found in primate cities but with influence extending far beyond the range of the metropolitan state. They are the culmination of postwar urbanization mechanisms coupled with the rise of transnational corporations that have served to concentrate unprecedented population and economic power/potential. The potential for both human development advantage and disadvantage is historically unprecedented in these new and highly interconnected ur
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Book chapters on the topic "Fundamental Risk Characteristics"

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Huntley, David, Peter Bobrowsky, Roger MacLeod, et al. "IPL Project 202: Landslide Monitoring Best Practices for Climate-Resilient Railway Transportation Corridors in Southwestern British Columbia, Canada." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_18.

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AbstractThe paper outlines landslide mapping and change-detection monitoring protocols based on the successes of ICL-IPL Project 202 in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive landslide assemblages. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass-wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research in the Thompson River Valley aims to gain a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and the Canadian economy. We conclude by proposing a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada, which is also applicable elsewhere.
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Centeno, Miguel, Peter Callahan, Paul Larcey, and Thayer Patterson. "Globalization as Adaptive Complexity: Learning from Failure." In Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_6.

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AbstractOur modern global civilization has been facilitated by increasingly technologically-advanced, interconnected, and interdependent systems. These systems have been constructed at an ever-increasing scale and level of complexity without an awareness of the risky mechanisms inherent in their design. At first glance, one may find few similarities between our modern globalized present and ancient civilizations. When we see past civilizations as complex adaptive systems, however, we can begin to recognize patterns, structures, and dynamics that have remained consistent through the centuries. Mechanisms like tipping points, feedback loops, contagions, cascades, synchronous failures, and cycles that can be responsible for systemic collapse are fundamental characteristics of any complex adaptive system, and can therefore serve as an effective common denominator from which to examine collapses through the ages. We argue for an analytical framework that incorporates these systemic characteristics for the study of historical collapse with the belief that these common mechanisms will help illuminate and expose relevant vulnerabilities in historical systems. In the end, we hope to learn from past societies and civilizations and allow our modern systems to benefit from lessons of systemic failures that historians may share with us. We believe these insights could inform how we see our systemic vulnerabilities and help to build a more resilient future.
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Crupi, Francesco. "Urban Form and Sustainability. New Adaptive and Resilient Tools and Strategies for the Regeneration of Territories of Unauthorized Production." In The Urban Book Series. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77752-3_21.

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Abstract The prefiguration of new strategies and tools for the regeneration of the territories of unauthorized production constitutes a field of research full of perspectives for the purpose of building new physical and intangible assets and configurations, capable of raising the levels of settlement and environmental quality, inclusion of social and economic growth. In the current phase characterized by the increase in environmental fragility, by fragmentation and territorial dispersion, by the risks due to global climate change, and by the economic and socio-health crisis caused by the pandemic, these objectives require the implementation of a unified strategy, integrated and inter-scalar, capable of promoting new planning tools based on adaptive and resilient strategies, aimed at recomposing the morphological-functional characteristics of fabrics and the construction of spaces and infrastructures of the public city. A perspective in which we play a fundamental role interventions capable of increasing the complexity of the urban structure, increasing the relationship between the parts, finalizing the design of the voids to the demands of sustainability, investigating the relationships between plan and project, between architecture, city, and territory, at the search for new urban morphologies and settlement models. In this frame of reference, the paper intends to outline the characteristics of the “Roman case”, particularly characterized from a historical, morphogenetic, and dimensional point of view, highlighting not only the procedural, methodological and operational approaches, the limits, and criticalities, but also the evolutionary paths that could affect the overall process of urban regeneration and territorial rebalancing.
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Qureshi, Mohammad Haseeb, Sarosh Raja Nawaz, Amirhosein Vakili, Mahdi Kioumarsi, and Behrouz Shafei. "Assessment of the Structural Potential of Nonconventional Material Alternatives in Shear Walls." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_106.

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AbstractShear walls are fundamental structural elements within mid- and high-rise buildings, mitigating lateral forces such as wind and seismic forces. In recent years, numerous research endeavors have emerged, focusing on the integration of non-conventional materials such as ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) into shear wall construction, as alternatives to conventional materials. Despite the known strength-increasing benefits, there were questions regarding the design requirements, structural performance characteristics, and sustainability of this novel type of shear wall. This study aims to assess the benefits of employing UHPC, in contrast to conventional materials like normal strength concrete (NSC). The analysis consisted of a nonlinear static (pushover) analysis applied to two verified finite element models representing conventional and nonconventional materials. The results indicate that UHPC outperforms its counterpart in damage tolerance and load-bearing capacity. Additionally, an assessment was conducted to determine if increasing the thickness of the NSC shear wall could reach UHPC's performance. The results confirmed that even with enhanced thickness, NSC lagged significantly behind UHPC in performance metrics, thus offering a reliable material choice for structural applications that involve extreme loading effects.
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Camacho Olmedo, María Teresa, Jean-François Mas, and Martin Paegelow. "Validation of Soft Maps Produced by a Land Use Cover Change Model." In Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_10.

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AbstractIn Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) modelling, soft maps are often produced to express the propensity of an area to land use change. These maps are generally prepared in raster format, and have values of between 0 and 1, indicating the propensity of each pixel to change. In the literature, they are referred to as suitability, change potential or change probability maps. These maps are sometimes considered as the final product of a model (e.g. map of deforestation risk), but they can also serve as intermediate products that simulate the changes from which a hard-simulated land use/cover map can later be prepared using, for example, a cellular automaton. In both cases, it is essential to evaluate the soft map’s ability to identify the areas that are most susceptible to change. One way of assessing this ability is to compare the spatial coincidence between the real changes observed on the ground and the values estimated by the soft map. One would expect real change areas to coincide with high change potential values (near 1) and real no-change areas with low change potential values (near 0). This comparison can be made using various statistical approaches including Correlation Coefficient (Sect. 1), the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) (Sect. 2) and the Difference in Potential (DiP) (Sect. 3). Other measures, such as total uncertainty, quantity uncertainty and allocation uncertainty (Sect. 4), are used exclusively in the analysis of soft maps. In this chapter, we describe the fundamental steps involved in these four statistical approaches to validating the soft maps produced by a model. The four sections are illustrated with specific cases: to validate soft maps produced by the model, to validate soft maps produced by the model against a reference map and to validate soft maps produced by various models against a reference map. We use the Ariège database to validate the different soft maps (change potential and suitability maps) produced by the model by comparing them with real land use maps of the Ariège Valley for two dates (CORINE 2012 and 2018). All these validation techniques are carried out using raster data. As commented earlier, the soft maps produced by the model are continuous, ranked variables. We designed exercises using this original format. In other chapters of this book, the soft maps produced by the model are validated after reclassification of the original maps.
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Sornette, Didier. "Fundamentals of Financial Markets." In Why Stock Markets Crash. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175959.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the fundamental characteristics and properties of stock markets and the way prices vary from one instant to the next. It first introduces the standard view about price variations and returns on the stock market, using a simple toy model to illustrate why arbitrage opportunities (the possibility to get a “free lunch”) are often washed out by the intelligent investment of informed traders, giving rise to the concept of the efficient stock market. It then considers the efficient market hypothesis in relation to random walk by analyzing Louis Bachelier's thesis that the trajectories of stock market prices are identical to random walks. It also examines how information is incorporated in prices, thus destroying potential “free lunches.” Finally, it explains the trade-off between risk and expected return.
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Dryfoos, Joy G. "Prevalence of School Failure and Dropping Out." In Adolescents at Risk. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072686.003.0009.

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In this chapter, we turn to the risk behavior that appears to underlie many of the problems addressed so far. Low achievement in school has been shown to be an important predictor of substance abuse, delinquency, and early sexual intercourse. And as we will see, not only are many of the antecedents of poor school performance the same as those for other problem behaviors, so are the consequences. Moreover, low academic achievement is both a predictor and a consequence of other kinds of risk behavior, as well as being a problem in itself. Understanding the epidemiology of school failure and dropping out is fundamental to this book’s argument: that high-risk behaviors are interrelated and, therefore, interventions must be comprehensive. School failure is a process rather than a single risk event. A young person initiates hard drug use or has early unprotected sexual intercourse or first commits a delinquent act at a specific time and place. Usually these actions are voluntary and follow a personal decision (although they are heavily influenced by the social environment). Low achievement results from an array of forces, many of which are outside the control of the child. The quality of the school is, of course, a major factor, as are the actual classroom practices and attitudes of the teacher. Estimates of the risk of other problem behaviors can be projected based on individual characteristics. Children with certain attributes are more likely than others to get involved in certain behaviors. This is not necessarily the case for estimating the risk of school failure since the probabilities are conditioned by both individual characteristics and the quality of the school. Children from disadvantaged households have been shown to succeed in excellent schools, while some schools are so inadequate that success is an exception. Unlike the other behaviors, risk of educational failure is measured routinely for almost all children at frequent intervals. Report cards inform children about their progress and, in aggregate, these marks produce a grade point average for each student.
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Yıldız, Ayşe. "Investigate the Impact of Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics on the Financial Risk Attitudes and Investment Preferences Applying CART Technique Based on Turkish Investors." In Finansal Piyasaların Evrimi IV. Özgür Yayınları, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub395.c1725.

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Determining the risk-taking attitudes of individuals and the variables that influence investment decisions is crucial for financial investors and stakeholders interested in investment decisions. Therefore, the fundamental focus of behavioral finance is to identify why and how investors are influenced. Among these factors, individuals' demographic and socio-economic characteristics are prominent. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of these factors on risk-taking attitudes and investment preferences. For this purpose, individual investors selected through a convenient and purposive sample were asked demographic and socio-economic questions, as well as questions about their risk-taking attitudes and investment preferences. The risk-taking attitudes variable was defined as risk-loving, risk-neutral, and risk-averse, while investment options were specified as interest, gold, and stocks. Analyses were conducted using the responses of 294 individual investors obtained through an online survey tool. Firstly, descriptive statistical analysis was performed to outline the general structure of the dataset. Then, chi-square analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between demographic and socio-economic characteristics and risk-taking attitudes and investment options. Finally, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analyses were performed to determine the impact of these characteristics on risk-taking and investment preferences. The results of relational and CART analyses revealed that individuals' risk-taking attitudes are influenced by different demographic and socio-economic characteristics, affecting their investment choices. In other words, individuals with a tendency to take risks were found to prefer low-risk investments. Therefore, evaluating these two phenomena differently will lead to more optimal investment decisions. Moreover, it is believed that techniques based on data mining, such as the CART method, can provide more meaningful results compared to traditional statistical analyses, given the increased availability of data on individual investors in today's world.
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Ryle, Cym Anthony. "Cognition." In Risk and Reason in Clinical Diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190944001.003.0002.

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This chapter considers the fundamental characteristics of human cognition. It suggests that the capacity to make sense of the world involves a complex interaction between external realities and mental models. It considers that there are two complementary types of model—holistic representations, and models consisting of abstract componentsorganized in categories and hierarchies. It suggests that knowledge can be described as stable sets of models and their connections. It notes that reasoning is usually described as having two modes: Intuition operates rapidly and unconsciously; analysis requires sustained conscious effort. It argues that an absolute distinction between the two modes is artificial; intuition is usually the driving force, but effective reasoning depends on the synergy of both modes. It introduces the concept of bias and suggests that bias and intuition are inseparable.
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Coop M.R., Fahey M., and Consoli N.C. "The interpretation of conventional and non-conventional laboratory tests for challenging geotechnical problems." In Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials. IOS Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-822-9-84.

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This overview paper discusses the use of laboratory testing in conjunction with in situ determination of reference parameters as a step forward to have consistent analyses of the behaviour of geotechnical constructions. In the first part of the paper, the key role of those reference properties, such as the elastic stiffness values obtained in field conditions at repose stress state, is highlighted. By comparing these values with those determined in laboratory reconditioned samples, their &amp;ldquo;undisturbed&amp;rdquo; conditions are evaluated and the reliability of advanced laboratory techniques can thereby be assured. The use of seismic wave velocity (Vs) measurements in the field and the laboratory is discussed, and examples are given. Particular emphasis is placed on using the ratio of Vs,field/Vs,labfor the correction of constitutive stress-strain laws &amp;ndash; i.e. the stiffness &amp;ldquo;decay&amp;rdquo; (G&amp;ndash;&amp;gamma;) curves determined in laboratory tests. This is becoming a more feasible approach because of the increasing prevalence of laboratory Vsmeasurement using &amp;ldquo;bender elements&amp;rdquo; in laboratory tests at different stages of testing and under diverse stress paths, coupled with the increasing use of seismic cone penetration tests (SCPT) for determination of Vs,field. A second subject that is discussed in some detail is the advantage of looking at soil liquefaction as an elasto-plastic mechanical behaviour that is well modelled by critical states concepts, while recognising that it takes places in a wide range of materials and conditions. These issues are outlined in this section, as the critical state framework has now been extended to other materials apart from sands. This approach integrates the knowledge of influence of the micro-mechanics of particles and their contacts on the observed behaviour, and takes account of the effects of continued particle breakage and change in uniformity. The objectives of performance-based design are presented in the light of laboratory and field tests that may be able to identify the triggering risk of both cyclic and static liquefaction and how those tests can be performed and their results interpreted to predict these phenomena, under a global mechanical modelling approach. The third part of the paper describes some special geotechnical testing procedures (equipment and methods of interpretation of test results) that are commonly used in advanced laboratories working for the offshore industry. Being scarcely known and used in current laboratories, even with advanced equipment, these techniques have a great potential in answering to the challenging problems involved in this area of activity, but is it also demonstrated that they can give very useful information in other geotechnical problems. The final section describes a new dosage methodology, based on rational criteria, for cement-soil mixtures, where porosity/cement ratio plays a fundamental role in the assessment of the target mechanical properties of artificially cemented soils, which are used increasingly in many geotechnical engineering solutions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fundamental Risk Characteristics"

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Tajallipour, Nima, Zhenjin Zhu, and Patrick J. Teevens. "The Effect of Slug Liquid Front on Inhibitor Effectiveness in Petroleum Pipelines." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11275.

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Abstract Slug flow regime is well known for being a major contributing factor to internal corrosion in pipelines. In this paper a new methodology is introduced to predict the effect of slug flow regime on the performance of corrosion inhibitors. First, a mechanistic model is implemented to predict the flow regime for multiphase pipelines based on the pipeline operational conditions. Second, a method based on momentum and energy equations for multiphase flows is applied to predict the profile, frequency and length of slug fronts and gas bubbles formed in the slug flow regime. These predictions
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Armbruster, Richard, E. J. Johnson, and Tony Gorton. "Effects of Abrasive Characteristics and Coating Type on Blast Production Rates." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91438.

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Abstract In the abrasive blast preparation of rail equipment, abrasive hardness, sieve size of abrasive, angle of blast, and duration or dwell of blast are fundamental characteristics which can be correlated to profile height under a given set of blast parameters. The nature of an existing coating to be removed however, can shift this relationship. The relative abrasion resistance between different generic classes of coatings will require different amounts of dwell time to achieve a given degree of cleanliness. Differences in dwell time in turn give rise to differences in profile height for a
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Farrell, Andrew Robert, Dario Marcello Frigo, and Gordon Michael Graham. "Flow Assurance Testing with Re-livened Oil – a Cost-Effective Analogue for Live Oil." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17822.

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Abstract It is widely accepted that the use of live crude oil samples provides the most field representative fluids when investigating asphaltenes and paraffin wax problems in laboratory testing. However, this approach is limited by availability of live samples and the potential that samples collected during drilling will be insufficiently representative due to contamination. Rather than going to the significant expense and operational difficulty and risk of collecting and transporting live samples, it is common practice to use ‘dead’ crude oil, i.e., that which has been degassed to ambient pr
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Lapcevic, Zoran, and Svetislav Soskic. "DECISION SUPPORT IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS BASED ON RISK ASSESSMENT." In SECURITY AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT - THEORY AND PRACTICE. RASEC, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70995/jjld6005.

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One of the fundamental characteristics of modern society is the increasing number of situations where security is compromised. Special significance is given to situations caused by human, natural, or technical-technological actions, collectively referred to as "emergency situations." They are termed "emergencies" due to their sudden, unexpected, and asymmetric negative consequences for people, property, and the environment. The primary characteristic of emergency situations is uncertainty. Uncertainty arises from the lack of sufficient human knowledge about certain phenomena and the genesis of
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Scaini, Chiara, Bojana Petrovic, Maria Rosaria Gallipoli, et al. "FRIBAS: A PARAMETRIC DATABASE OF BUILDING AND SOIL FEATURES INCLUDING THE FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF RESONANCE." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.57.

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The FRIBAS database collects information on the characteristics of more than 300 buildings located in southern and northeastern Italy. The characteristics comprise age, construction material, storey number and other data such as geometrical features (e.g. shape) and construction details (e.g. roof type, floor types). Such characteristics were inferred based on external and sometimes internal building inspection, combined with information provided by residents. In addition, FRIBAS includes the fundamental frequencies of buildings and foundation soil, estimated empirically using single station a
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O’Halloran, Bryan M., Robert B. Stone, and Irem Y. Tumer. "A Survey of Early Design Risk and Reliability Methods and Their Impediments to Move Into Practice." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89703.

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This research surveys early design risk and reliability methodologies and discusses the impediments of moving these research methods into practice. Reliability engineering techniques exist primarily to help engineers better meet the needs of customers by extending design life and reducing the number of failures observed throughout the intended life. These efforts look at system components and functions, critical events, failure modes, and system characteristics to assess risk and reliability during the early design phase before detailed design has begun. Surveying early design reliability to i
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Sorensen, James, John Gallagher, and Steven Hawthorne. "Subsurface Transport and Fate of Natural Gas Processing Wastes: Implications for Risk Assessment and Remediation." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17088.

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Abstract Fundamental data has been developed regarding the chemical nature and subsurface transport and fate of wastes generated by amine-based gas sweetening and glycol-based dehydration operations. Results indicate the mobility and biodegradability of both amine- and glycol-based wastes are variable depending primarily on soil type. The data suggest 1) a thorough understanding of site-specific waste and subsurface characteristics is necessary when predicting the fate of gas processing wastes, and 2) glycols may act as cosolvents for less mobile, but more highly regulated, hydrocarbons, there
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Liang, Fuyou, Shu Takagi, and Hao Liu. "0–1-D Multi-Scale Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Human Cardiovascular System." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206437.

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Arterial pulse has been recognized from antiquity as the most fundamental sign of life. In clinical practice, cardiovascular diseases are often diagnosed and the effects of therapy monitored and evaluated on the basis of interpretation of arterial pulse characteristics. However, the precise components of arterial pulse that best predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases yet remain a subject of considerable debate.
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Matkarimov, M., Q. Madraximov, G. Alieva, S. Sherjonov, and S. Egamov. "The Purpose of Assessing a Person's Entrepreneurial Capacity is to Classify their Quality Characteristics." In International scientific and practical conference “Smart cities and sustainable development of regions” (SMARTGREENS 2024). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63550/iceip.2025.1.1.035.

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Assessing an individual's entrepreneurial capacity is fundamental to understanding the traits and attributes that contribute to their potential for entrepreneurial success. This study explores the purpose of assessing a person's entrepreneurial capacity, with a focus on classifying their quality characteristics. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of literature from entrepreneurship studies and related fields, as well as insights from expert consultation, a conceptual framework is developed to guide the classification process. The framework delineates key dimensions, traits, and attributes tha
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Belberova, I. I. "PROTECTION FROM GALACTIC COSMIC RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY." In РАДИАЦИОННАТА БЕЗОПАСНОСТ В СЪВРЕМЕННИЯ СВЯТ. Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.34660/inf.2025.90.51.028.

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Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR) is a major challenge for long-term human spaceflight and deep-space exploration. Originating from supernovae and other high-energy astrophysical events, GCR consists of highly energetic atomic nuclei that can penetrate spacecraft shielding and human tissue, causing significant biological damage. This thesis explores the fundamental characteristics of GCR, including its composition, energy spectrum, and interaction with planetary and artificial shielding. It further examines the biological effects of prolonged GCR exposure, such as DNA damage, increased cancer ri
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Reports on the topic "Fundamental Risk Characteristics"

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Perez-Vincent, Santiago M., Verónica Abril, Cynthia Chen, Teniola Tayo, and Andres Urrego Jimenez. Crime Underreporting in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013215.

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Crime underreporting poses a significant challenge for governments and law enforcement agencies. This study examines the extent, characteristics, and drivers of crime underreporting and provides evidence-based policy recommendations to address it. Using information from victimization surveys from 10 Latin American and Caribbean countries, the analysis reveals widespread crime underreporting, with an average of approximately three out of four crimes not reported in the countries examined. Low and heterogenous reporting rates point to potential biases in official crime statistics, with certain c
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph, and P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.

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Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research ar
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Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch, and Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that
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Raengthon, Natthaphon. Cation vacancy defect in modified barium titanate ferroelectric ceramics. Chulalongkorn University, 2021. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2021.22.

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Development of advanced technologies for electronic applications, particularly aiming to increase energy efficiency and sustainability, are increasing in demand for regular usage. A majority of this development involves improvement of material's properties. Researcher has been continuously studied and developed new electronic material. Ferroelectric ceramic is one of many materials that is of interest, for example, lead-based (e.g. Pb(Mg₁/₃Nb₂/₃)O₃: PMN) and lead-free (e.g. Ba(Zr,Ti)O₃: BZT) materials. It is, however, known that the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive) listed L
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Ocampo-Gaviria, José Antonio, Roberto Steiner Sampedro, Mauricio Villamizar Villegas, et al. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2023. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2023.

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Banco de la República is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2023. This is a very significant anniversary and one that provides an opportunity to highlight the contribution the Bank has made to the country’s development. Its track record as guarantor of monetary stability has established it as the one independent state institution that generates the greatest confidence among Colombians due to its transparency, management capabilities, and effective compliance with the central banking and cultural responsibilities entrusted to it by the Constitution and the Law. On a date as important as this,
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iGOPP: Index of Governance and Public Policy in Disaster Risk Management. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010599.

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This document describes the general methodology of the Index of Governance and Public Policy in Disaster Risk Management (iGOPP) and presents the main concepts that support both disaster risk management and governance, defining their fundamental characteristics. It also includes a series of good practices for appropriate disaster risk management governance identified in several countries in the Region as well as a detailed description of the iGOPP design, formulation and application process. Lastly, the document describes the data collection process carried out in the national applications of
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