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Journal articles on the topic 'Fundamental rule'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

FARHAN, IMAN, and OTHMAN MAZAL. "THE DOCTRINAL ISSUES OF HAJJ HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THEIR FUNDAMENTAL RULES." Islamic Sciences Journal 11, no. 1 (2023): 216–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.20.11.1.10.

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    The rules of the principles of fiqh are of great importance, as they are a machine for deriving legal rulings, which are holistic rules. As for what we find of not being steadfast in some branches of fiqh - such as the issues of Hajj - it is because of the inconsistency between the rules or the loss of a condition or objectionable objection, and we have reviewed in this research four of Fundamentalist rules that have changed some of the issues of Hajj; So the Shafi’is and Hanbalis changed the rule (the delegate is not obligated to initiate it), and they said that it

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Lear, Jonathan. "The Fundamental Rule and Fundamental Value of Psychoanalysis." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 63, no. 3 (2015): 510–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065115585808.

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Holliday, Wesley H. "A Fundamental Non-Classical Logic." Logics 1, no. 1 (2023): 36–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logics1010004.

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We give a proof-theoretic as well as a semantic characterization of a logic in the signature with conjunction, disjunction, negation, and the universal and existential quantifiers that we suggest has a certain fundamental status. We present a Fitch-style natural deduction system for the logic that contains only the introduction and elimination rules for the logical constants. From this starting point, if one adds the rule that Fitch called Reiteration, one obtains a proof system for intuitionistic logic in the given signature; if instead of adding Reiteration, one adds the rule of Reductio ad

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Fischel, Daniel, and John H. Langbein. "ERISA's Fundamental Contradiction: The Exclusive Benefit Rule." University of Chicago Law Review 55, no. 4 (1988): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1599783.

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Blue, Victor J., and Jeffrey L. Adler. "Emergent Fundamental Pedestrian Flows from Cellular Automata Microsimulation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1644, no. 1 (1998): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1644-04.

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In recent years cellular automata (CA) have been successfully applied to modeling traffic flow. Use of a CA for modeling pedestrian flows is examined here. A particle hopping model for a single-directional pedestrian flow over a multilane walkway is presented. This model offers the advantage of effectively capturing the behaviors of pedestrians at the micro-level while attaining realistic macro-level activity. The emergent group behavior is an outgrowth of the interaction of the rule set in simulation. The results indicate that a heuristically derived minimal rule set produces flow patterns th

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Schmidt, Peter Koerver. "A General Income Inclusion Rule as a Tool for Improving the International Tax Regime – Challenges Arising from EU Primary Law." Intertax 48, Issue 11 (2020): 983–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2020100.

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The overall concept of the OECD’s Global Anti-Base Erosion Proposal is to develop a coordinated set of rules to address ongoing risks from profit shifting and to curb international tax competition. Two important components of the proposal are the income inclusion rule and the switch-over rule and, in this article, these components are examined in consideration of EU primary law. Depending on the final design of the rules, it is concluded that the proposed income inclusion rule – however, probably not the switch-over rule – may end up restricting the fundamental freedoms by treating comparable

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Farmer, Roger E. A., Daniel F. Waggoner, and Tao Zha. "Generalizing the Taylor Principle: Comment." American Economic Review 100, no. 1 (2010): 608–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.1.608.

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Troy Davig and Eric Leeper (2007) have proposed a condition they call the generalized Taylor principle to rule out indeterminate equilibria in a version of the new-Keynesian model where the parameters of the policy rule follow a Markov-switching process. We show that although their condition rules out a subset of indeterminate equilibria, it does not establish uniqueness of the fundamental equilibrium. We discuss the differences between indeterminate fundamental equilibria included by Davig and Leeper's condition and fundamental equilibria that their condition misses

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Scherleitner, Moritz. "The Imported Mismatch Rule in Light of the Fundamental Freedoms." Intertax 49, Issue 5 (2021): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2021039.

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This article analyses the imported mismatch rule contained in Article 9(3) of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) from the perspective of the fundamental freedoms. At the core of the analysis stands the insight that intra-EU payments can trigger the national implementation of the imported mismatch rule. This is not what the drafters of Action 2 of the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project Action 2 and, thereupon, Article 9 of the ATAD wanted to see. Yet, it became possible due to Member States not applying the anti-hybrid mismatch rules consistently. Imported mismatch, h

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9

Wączek, Adrianna. "RULE OF DIRECTNESS IN APPEAL PROCEEDINGS IN VIEW OF ARTICLE 452 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE." Probacja 2 (December 16, 2019): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6114.

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The rule of directness is classifi ed under the so-called non-codifi ed rules. This means that decoding the content of that rule is possible based on the interpretation of the relevant group of regulations. Article 452 of the Code of Criminal Proceedings constitutes a fundamental provision which answers the fundamental question regarding the scope of implementation of the rule of directness in appeal proceedings. The scope of the rule of directness in proceedings before the court of second instance is determined by the model of appeal proceedings, shaped on the basis of the applicable limits o

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Nyström, Wilhelm. "Saving the ATAD CFC Regime Through Abuse of Law or the Rule of Reason." Intertax 49, Issue 3 (2021): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2021021.

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This article revisits the debate about the extent to which the controlled foreign company (CFC) rules in the Anti-Tax Avoidande Directive (ATAD) are compatible with the EU fundamental freedoms. It considers why the ATAD CFC rules may restrict those freedoms and whether that conflict may be resolved by recourse to the general principle of abuse of law, which may prevent a taxpayer from relying on a fundamental freedom and thus prevent the restriction from arising, or to the rule of reason, which may serve to justify the restriction. The paper considers whether these may be treated as separate d

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Mhanna, Ahmed. "Introducing the Rules of Jurisprudence and Some of its Contemporary Applications." Islamic Sciences Journal 12, no. 1 (2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.21.12.1.1.

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    The jurisprudence rule is a majority judgment where the judgment over minor jurisprudence issues is directly identified. The jurisprudent standard is a majority judgment where the judgment over minor jurisprudence issues concerning an aspect of jurisprudence is directly identified. The fundamental rule means the total rules whereby judgments concerning its minor issues are identified. They are known as total issues whereby judgments can be deduced from their evidences from the holy Quran and Sunna in addition to other evidences.  -The difference between the ju

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12

Samraj, Tennyson. "Jurisprudence: The Study of the Rule of Law in a Republic." Athens Journal of Philosophy 3, no. 1 (2024): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajphil.3-1-3.

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When we understand the ontological, political and legal underpinnings associated with the concept of freedom, liberty and rights, we understand the relationship between rights and laws. Rights can be understood as liberties or as laws. Liberties can be understood as de facto rights or as de jure rights. It is de jure rights that are recognized as laws that provide the basis for the rule of law. It is the rule of law that provides the basis for equal rights and equal justice in an ideal republic. Rights, laws and the rule of law are distinct. Rights are self-evident truths. Laws are imperatives

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Kim, Hyeyoen, and Doojin Ryu. "Forecasting Exchange Rate from Combination Taylor Rule Fundamental." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 49, sup4 (2013): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ree1540-496x4905s406.

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14

Du, Letian, and Zhizhang Huang. "Fundamental rule of valence dipolarization in silicate rocks." Geochemistry 4, no. 3 (1985): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03179326.

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15

Lichtenberg, Joseph D., and Floyd B. Galler. "The Fundamental Rule: A Study of Current Usage." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 35, no. 1 (1987): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306518703500103.

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Donnet, Jean-Luc. "FROM THE FUNDAMENTAL RULE TO THE ANALYSING SITUATION." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 82, no. 1 (2001): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1516/0020757011600524.

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Donnet, Jean‐Luc. "From the fundamental rule to the analysing situation." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 82, no. 1 (2001): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1516/3fuh-9wtt-e68b-wf70.

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18

TORRE, MASSIMO LA. "Democracy and Tensions. Representation, Majority Rule, Fundamental Rights." Ratio Juris 8, no. 3 (1995): 373–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9337.1995.tb00221.x.

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19

Miller, Kenneth J., and Fransiska S. Ganda-Kesuma. "An empirical rule relating fundamental to harmonic frequencies." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 145, no. 2 (1991): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(91)90130-3.

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20

Apokin, A., D. Belousov, I. Goloshchapova, I. Ipatova, and O. Solntsev. "On the fundamental Deficiencies of Current monetary Policy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2014): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-12-80-100.

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We outline three main shortcomings of current monetary policy in Russia for 2014. First, monetary policy is too strict: we estimate output gap over -3% potential GDP, and rule-based key rate is 6,25%. Second, Bank of Russia in 2014 clearly ignores its second goal of promoting stable and developing financial system. Third, today economic agents lack for clear expectations of monetary policy rules, and it is Bank of Russia’s duty to help forming these expectations - both through public commitments and independent monetary policy review.

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21

RAMAKRISHNAN, C. R., I. V. RAMAKRISHNAN, and DAVID S. WARREN. "XcelLog: a deductive spreadsheet system." Knowledge Engineering Review 22, no. 3 (2007): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988890700118x.

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AbstractThe promise of rule-based computing was to allow end-users to create, modify, and maintain applications without the need to engage programmers. But experience has shown that rule sets often interact in subtle ways, making them difficult to understand and reason about. This has impeded the widespread adoption of rule-based computing. This paper describes the design and implementation of XcelLog, a user-centered deductive spreadsheet system, to empower non-programmers to specify and manipulate rule-based systems. The driving idea underlying the system is to treat sets as the fundamental

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22

리어, 조나단, та Jonathan Lear. "정신분석의 근본 규칙과 근본 가치(The Fundamental Rule and Fundamental Value of Psychoanalysis)". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 65, № 1 (2017): NP7—NP23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065116683152.

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23

Zhang, Xian Yong, and Duo Qian Miao. "LBRM Algorithm for Rule Extraction Based on Rough Membership." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 1088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1088.

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Rule extraction is a main goal for rough set theory. This paper mainly constructs a new algorithm (LBRM Algorithm) for rule extraction based on rough membership. The confidence principle is established based on rough membership. Thus, LBRM Algorithm is proposed by utilizing discretization and clearness strategies under the fuzzy environment, and is applied to both interval rules and general rules in fuzzy classification. LBRM Algorithm effectiveness is illustrated by a medical example. In particular, LBRM Algorithm integrates the confidence on both previous LBR Algorithm and fundamental rough

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24

UDJOH, Purity. "Woman and Human Rights in Nigeria: A Study of Delta State." International Journal of Public Administration Studies 4, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ijpas.v4i1.16632.

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The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 chose certain rights to protect under chapter IV and termed them as Fundamental Rights. These rights protected not only by the Constitution, but also by the African Charter on Human and Peoples Right. Whenever there are breaches of these fundamental rights, the law provides a procedure for their enforcement, which is the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009. The basic objective of the 2009 Rules is to facilitate enforcement procedure by removing some of the impediments in 1979 rule. Unfortunately, it is clear that the pr

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25

Hahn, Ulrike. "Is this what the debate on rules was about?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 1 (2005): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05340015.

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The key weakness of the proposed distinction between rules and similarity is that it effectively converts what was previously seen as a consequence of rule or similarity-based processing, into a definition of rule and similarity themselves – evidence is elevated into a conceptual distinction. This conflicts with fundamental intuitions about processes and erodes the relevance of the debate across cognitive science.

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Foran, Michael P. "THE RULE OF GOOD LAW: FORM, SUBSTANCE AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS." Cambridge Law Journal 78, no. 3 (2019): 570–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197319000618.

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AbstractThis paper explores the effect that conformity to the rule of law has on the ends which might legitimately be pursued within a legal system. The neat distinction between formal and substantive conceptions of the rule of law will be challenged: even apparently formal conceptions necessarily affect the content of law and necessarily entail the protection of certain fundamental rights. What remains of the formal/substantive dichotomy is, in fact, a distinction between conceptions of the rule of law which guarantee the substantive justice of each and every law and those which entail some c

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THAKUR, JAGDISH S., FREDERICK GREEN, and MUKUNDA P. DAS. "SUM-RULE CONSTRAINTS FOR OPEN MESOSCOPIC CONDUCTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 10n11 (2004): 1479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204024938.

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The conserving sum rules for the electron gas form a set of fundamental and powerful constraints on the description of electronic transport, at any length scale. We examine the particular role of the compressibility sum rule for open mesoscopic conductors, and show that the compressibility in such systems is absolutely invariant under nonequilibrium transport. The compressibility sum rule provides a stringent consistency check on models of mesoscopic conduction.

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Kennedy, Rónán. "Algorithms and the Rule of Law." Legal Information Management 17, no. 3 (2017): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669617000342.

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AbstractIn this short article Rónán Kennedy explores fundamental issues surrounding the use of algorithms in the context of the rule of law in our society. He states, ‘The issues that are buried in these systems should be a matter of serious concern for law and lawyers as we try to protect fundamental values in the 21st century, and we try to properly represent our clients’ interests against systems errors that we cannot easily identify’.*

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Koraytem, Tabet. "Two Surprising Aspects of Islamic Saudi Liberalism in Public and Private Law." Arab Law Quarterly 27, no. 1 (2013): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341250.

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Abstract Saudi Arabia is often defined as a country where the rule of law is challenged by archaism with reference to Islamic criminal punishments or by anarchy with reference to its pluralism combining Western and Islamic laws (and sometimes tribal customs). Both opinions are wrong thanks to two fundamental rules of Ḥanbalism (the Kingdom’s Islamic School of Law). The first rule says: “No obedience to a creature in the disobedience of the Creator”, and the second says: “The Rule in profane activities (muʿāmalāt) is lawfulness until one indication from the Sharīʿah Guides [i.e., Qurʾān and th

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Seybold, Paul G., Matthew J. O'Malley, Lemont B. Kier, and Chao-Kun Cheng. "Cellular Automata Simulations of Vapor–Liquid Equilibria." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 12 (2006): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06230.

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Phase transitions and phase equilibria are among the most fundamental phenomena in the physical and environmental sciences. In the present work an asynchronous stochastic cellular automata model for the equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor is presented. The model is visual, dynamic, and employs just two rules—an attraction probability and a gravitational preference. Application of the attraction rule alone yields a ‘mist’ within the vapor, whereas application of the gravitational rule by itself yields an isothermal atmospheric profile. Application of both rules together causes the vapor

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Lehman, David W., Bruce Cooil, and Rangaraj Ramanujam. "The Effects of Rule Complexity on Organizational Noncompliance and Remediation: Evidence From Restaurant Health Inspections." Journal of Management 46, no. 8 (2019): 1436–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206319842262.

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Organizational noncompliance with legal rules can be consequential. The antecedents of such noncompliance as well as the remediation of it thus remain enduring subjects of research inquiry. However, prior studies have implicitly treated all rules alike. In contrast, we argue that rules are not all the same and that differences between rules might be systematically linked to variations in the likelihoods of noncompliance and remediation across the range of organizations under the purview of a rule system. We consider the role of two fundamental but distinct sources of rule complexity: component

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Kalia, Harihar, Satchidananda Dehuri, and Ashish Ghosh. "A Survey on Fuzzy Association Rule Mining." International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 9, no. 1 (2013): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdwm.2013010101.

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Association rule mining is one of the fundamental tasks of data mining. The conventional association rule mining algorithms, using crisp set, are meant for handling Boolean data. However, in real life quantitative data are voluminous and need careful attention for discovering knowledge. Therefore, to extract association rules from quantitative data, the dataset at hand must be partitioned into intervals, and then converted into Boolean type. In the sequel, it may suffer with the problem of sharp boundary. Hence, fuzzy association rules are developed as a sharp knife to solve the aforesaid prob

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Hasanpour, Hesam, Ramak Ghavamizadeh Meibodi, and Keivan Navi. "Improving rule-based classification using Harmony Search." PeerJ Computer Science 5 (November 18, 2019): e188. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.188.

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Classification and associative rule mining are two substantial areas in data mining. Some scientists attempt to integrate these two field called rule-based classifiers. Rule-based classifiers can play a very important role in applications such as fraud detection, medical diagnosis, etc. Numerous previous studies have shown that this type of classifier achieves a higher classification accuracy than traditional classification algorithms. However, they still suffer from a fundamental limitation. Many rule-based classifiers used various greedy techniques to prune the redundant rules that lead to m

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GRIGORITĂ, George. "The Canon: the fundamental pastoral rule of the Church. An etymological, semantic and theological approach." ICOANA CREDINTEI 4, no. 8 (2018): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/icoana.2018.8.4.21-47.

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Salah, Ramzi, Muaadh Mukred, Lailatul Qadri binti Zakaria, Rashad Ahmed, and Hasan Sari. "A New Rule-Based Approach for Classical Arabic in Natural Language Processing." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (January 21, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7164254.

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Named entity recognition (NER) is fundamental in several natural language processing applications. It involves finding and categorizing text into predefined categories such as a person's name, location, and so on. One of the most famous approaches to identify named entity is the rule-based approach. This paper introduces a rule-based NER method that can be used to examine Classical Arabic documents. The proposed method relied on triggers words, patterns, gazetteers, rules, and blacklists generated by the linguistic information about entities named in Arabic. The method operates in three stages

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Fornasier, Mateus de Oliveira. "Artificial Intelligence and Democratic Rule of Law." Revista de Estudos Constitucionais, Hermenêutica e Teoria do Direito 13, no. 3 (2022): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/rechtd.2021.133.06.

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This work aims to study fundamental legal theorizations linked to the Democratic Rule of Law in the scope of the intersection between Law and Artificial Intelligence. Results: i) Digital technologies mainly challenge the theoretical notions of territoriality and personality, fundamental to modern Law — and with that, theoretical notions about civil and criminal responsibility and fundamental freedoms should be reviewed in relation to the existence of autonomous non-human beings; ii) The Democratic Rule of Law, which is based, among other important notions, on legality and due process, will als

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Su, Pan, and Xueying Ren. "Fuzzy Rule Interpolation Methods Based on Sparse Rule Bases." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 5, no. 3 (2025): 83–91. https://doi.org/10.62051/ijcsit.v5n3.08.

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Fuzzy rule interpolation algorithms have broad applications in computational fuzzy inference systems. This paper systematically introduces interpolation methods based on α-cuts. It focuses on two classical α-cut-based interpolation methods: the KH fuzzy rule interpolation method and the Lagrange fuzzy rule interpolation method. Through theoretical analysis and comparative studies, the fundamental principles, performance characteristics, and limitations of these two interpolation algorithms are explored in depth. Based on this, a fuzzy inference system for the "tip calculation problem" was cons

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Parvin, C. A. "New insight into the comparative power of quality-control rules that use control observations within a single analytical run." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 3 (1993): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.3.440.

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Abstract The error detection characteristics of quality-control (QC) rules that use control observations within a single analytical run are investigated. Unlike the evaluation of QC rules that span multiple analytical runs, most of the fundamental results regarding the performance of QC rules applied within a single analytical run can be obtained from statistical theory, without the need for simulation studies. The case of two control observations per run is investigated for ease of graphical display, but the conclusions can be extended to more than two control observations per run. Results ar

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Rimatskiy, V. V. "https://mathizv.isu.ru/en/article?id=1516." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Mathematics 50 (2024): 152–69. https://doi.org/10.26516/1997-7670.2024.50.152.

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Setting the basic rules of inference is fundamental to logic. The most general variant of possible inference rules are admissible inference rules:in logic L, a rule of inference is admissible if the set of theorems L is closed with respect to this rule. The study of admissible inference rules was stimulated by the formulation of problems about decidability by admissibility (Friedman) and the presence of a finite basis of admissible rules (Kuznetsov) in Int logic. In the early 2000s, for most basic non-classical logics and some tabular logics, the Fridman-Kuznetsov problem was solved by describ

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Huang, Jing, and Yan Shao. "Research on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law on the Coordinated Promotion of Domestic and Foreign-Related Rule of Law." Studies in Law and Justice 1, no. 1 (2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/slj.2022.11.04.

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Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law is the fundamental rules and guideline for law-based governance, among which the coordinated promotion of domestic and foreign rule of law, as one of the contents of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, is a strategic judgment based on internal and international imperatives, rooted in China’s rule of law practice and coped with the international situation. To comprehensively understand and implement the vision of coordinating domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law, we need to grasp it from three aspects, including internal relationship, pra

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Lysenko, D. A. "THE RULE OF LAW AS FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE." Juridical scientific and electronic journal 4 (2019): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2019-4/34.

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Grebler, Eduardo. "Fundamental Breach of Contract Under the CISG: A Controversial Rule." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 101 (2007): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700026240.

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Chii-Huei, Yu. "A New Theory of Calculus Based on Riemann-Stieltjes Integral." International Journal of Novel Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 12, no. 1 (2025): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14753511.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> In this paper, we establish a new theory of calculus. Based on Riemann-Stieltjes integral, a new definition of derivative is obtained, and we study some important properties of this new calculus, such as product rule, quotient rule, chain rule, and fundamental theorem of calculus. In fact, our results are extensions of the results of ordinary calculus. <strong>Keywords:</strong> New theory of calculus, Riemann-Stieltjes integral, product rule, quotient rule, chain rule, fundamental theorem of calculus. <strong>Title:</strong> A New Theory of Calculus Based on Riemann

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Larroque, Lucas, Piotr Ostropolski-Nalewaja, and Michaël Thomazo. "No Cliques Allowed: The Next Step Towards BDD/FC Conjecture." Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 3, no. 2 (2025): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3725238.

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This paper addresses one of the fundamental open questions in the realm of existential rules: the conjecture on the finite controllability of bounded derivation depth rule sets (bdd⇒fc). We take a step toward a positive resolution of this conjecture by demonstrating that universal models generated by BDD rule sets cannot contain arbitrarily large tournaments (arbitrarily directed cliques) without entailing a loop query, ∃ E (x,x). This simple yet elegant result narrows the space of potential counterexamples to the (bdd⇒fc) conjecture.

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Amadi, Sam. "Doing it right: A rule of law critique of privatization methodology in Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 10, no. 1 (2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v10i1.4.

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This article undertakes a rule of law critique of privatization as economic reform policy in Nigeria. The rule of law approach interrogates not just the policy rationales of the programme but also its methodology. The article distinguishes between a formal and substantive justice conception of rule of law and argues that the substantive justice conception of rule of law and its policy imperatives, sourced from the Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy in Chapter 2 of the 1999 Constitution, provides a veritable framework to realize the strategic goals of privatization

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Triantafyllou, Dimitris. "The European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the ``Rule of Law'': Restricting Fundamental Rights by Reference." Common Market Law Review 39, Issue 1 (2002): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/402757.

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Kurniawan, Faizal, Prawitra Thalib, M. Hadi Subhan, Bart Jansen, and Zuhairah Ariff Binti Abd Ghadas. "Justice as a Meta Value of Corrective Justice in Providing Restitution for Unjust Enrichment: A Study on Rules, Norms, Principles, and Foundation." Jurnal Hukum 39, no. 2 (2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jh.v39i2.33049.

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The legal foundation is one of the most important sources of law that has been emphasized in several legal theories. However, concepts regarding legal foundation are still heavily debated and intertwined with other legal principles, legal values, legal norms, legal theorems, and legal rules. Foundation, principles, and norms are general concepts discussed in the law field as a separate point of discussion in the study of law, especially in legal theory.This showcases that the knowledge regarding concepts and the standing of different principles, values, norms, and rules are important in studyi

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Okafor, Obiora Chinedu. "The Fundamental Right to a Passport Under Nigerian Law: An Integrated Viewpoint." Journal of African Law 40, no. 1 (1996): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300007129.

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The struggle of Nigerian civil society for the establishment of a democratic polity, founded on the rule of law and the respect for the human and peoples’ rights of ordinary citizens of Nigeria, has been waged against the military governments that have ruled by force for the better part of its nearly three and a half decades of independent existence. During this struggle, there have been many cases of seizure of the passports of prominent opposition activists by members of the security agencies of the government. Such acts have generated much international condemnation of the government, as we

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Zwicker, William S. "Cycles and Intractability in a Large Class of Aggregation Rules." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 61 (March 10, 2018): 407–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5657.

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We introduce the (j,k)-Kemeny rule -- a generalization of Kemeny's voting rule that aggregates j-chotomous weak orders into a k-chotomous weak order. Special cases of (j,k)-Kemeny include approval voting, the mean rule and Borda mean rule, as well as the Borda count and plurality voting. Why, then, is the winner problem computationally tractable for each of these other rules, but intractable for Kemeny? We show that intractability of winner determination for the (j,k)-Kemeny rule first appears at the j=3, k=3 level. The proof rests on a reduction of max cut to a related problem on weighted tou

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Arena, Amedeo. "The Wall Around EU Fundamental Freedoms: the Purely Internal Rule at the Forty-Year Mark." Yearbook of European Law 38 (January 1, 2019): 153–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yel/yez010.

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Abstract ‘Purely internal situations’ are sets of facts entirely confined within a single Member State. According to the ‘purely internal rule’, introduced by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 1979, purely internal situations lie outside the scope of the internal market fundamental freedoms and of other EU provisions having a cross-border scope. On the fortieth anniversary of the jurisprudential genesis of the purely internal rule, this article seeks to examine its origins, rationale, and evolution, by analyzing the most relevant patterns in the over 250 preliminary rulings handed down in

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