Relevant bibliographies by topics / Funds appropriated

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Funds appropriated'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Funds appropriated"

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Lunyakova, N. A. "The economic substance of appropriated funds: The conceptual framework." Finance and Credit 26, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 916–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.4.916.

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Subject. This article discusses the theoretical issues of the essence of the budget fund. Objectives. The article aims to generalize the essence and highlight the main characteristics of the budget fund. Methods. For the study, I used a systems approach. Results. The article describes the general and specific features of the budget fund as a type of financial fund, analyzes the budget fund size, and particularizes ways and approaches to ensure the maneuverability of the budget fund at the stages of its formation and use. Conclusions and Relevance. In today's dynamic socio-economic development of the State, objective prerequisites for the development of a conceptual approach to determining the essence, place and role of budget funds in the financial system of the State are getting formed. The results of the study can be used to improve the processes of formation, distribution, and use of financial resources.
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Sheetz, Anne H. "Developing School Health Services In Massachusetts: A Public Health Model." Journal of School Nursing 19, no. 4 (August 2003): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405030190040401.

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In 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) began defining essential components of school health service programs, consistent with the public health model. The MDPH designed and funded the Enhanced School Health Service Programs to develop 4 core components of local school health services: (a) strengthening the administrative infrastructure; (b) promoting health education, including tobacco control activities; (c) linking school health services with health care providers; and (d) implementing management information systems. Funds were appropriated in 1992 from the tobacco excise tax. With additional funding appropriated in 1999 and 2000 from the Tobacco Settlement Fund, these school nurse–managed programs have increased in number. The goal is to develop a statewide system of high-quality school health service programs responsive to the specific needs of students in each community. To be effective, these programs must be recognized as essential components of the primary health care delivery system serving children.
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Jackson, C. Kirabo, Cora Wigger, and Heyu Xiong. "Do School Spending Cuts Matter? Evidence from the Great Recession." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 304–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180674.

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During the Great Recession, national public school per-pupil spending fell by roughly 7 percent and persisted beyond the recovery. The impact of such large and sustained education funding cuts is not well understood. To examine this, first, we document that the recessionary drop in spending coincided with the end of decades-long national growth in both test scores and college-going. Next, we show that this stalled educational progress was particularly pronounced in states that experienced larger recessionary budget cuts for plausibly exogenous reasons. To isolate budget cuts that were unrelated to (i) other ill-effects of the recession or (ii) endogenous state policies, we use states’ historical reliance on state-appropriated funds (which are more sensitive to the business cycle) to fund public schools interacted with the timing of the recession as instruments for reductions in school spending. Cohorts exposed to these spending cuts had lower test scores and lower college-going rates. The spending cuts led to larger test score gaps by income and race. (JEL E32, H52, H75, I21, I28, J15)
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Schnare, Robert E. "Procurement for books and library materials in the federal government with the use of appropriated funds: Oh let me count the ways." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 15, no. 2 (January 1991): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(91)90061-i.

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Wijaksono, Sigit. "Pengaruh Lama Tinggal terhadap Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Permukiman." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i1.2679.

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As the activities grow increasingly at Soekarno-hatta International Airport, the government in this case is PT Angkasa Pura needs to extend the airport by develop phase three in northern area of the existing airport. However, the expantion plan is opposed by the local goverment of Tangerang City because the plan may interfere with project of Tangerang Pantura Development Plan. For instead local goverment of Tangerang City proposes that the expantion would be build in the southern area. Obtaining the description of citizen attitude in this area is the aim of this study. This study is a descriptive research using a descriptive statistical analysis. Data collection using interviews with a questionnaire to respondends. By using Sherry Arnstein theory to measure the level of community participation. The analysis results indicated that the level of knowledge, awareness, and income levels affect the level of public participation in environmental management. Forms of participation provided most of the funds appropriated in the form of donations by income level.
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Klingner, Donald E., and Dahlia Bradshaw Lynn. "Beyond Civil Service: The Changing Face of Public Personnel Management." Public Personnel Management 26, no. 2 (June 1997): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609702600201.

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Contemporary public personnel management differs from the past because it is characterized by two emergent alternatives to traditional civil service systems for delivering public services: alternative mechanisms and flexible employment relationships. These alternatives are not new, but they are more commonplace than before. And when new public programs are designed, these alternatives have largely supplanted traditional public program delivery by “permanent” civil service employees hired through appropriated funds. Under these circumstances, it is reasonable to ask how competent are public personnel managers to deal with human resource management under these new conditions, given that most of their training and experience has been in working with traditional civil service systems and collective bargaining arrangements. This article will (1) clarify the alternatives to traditional public personnel management; (2) discuss their impact on the role of the public personnel manager; and (3) evaluate the adequacy of training in this area based on information gathered from a focus group of local government personnel managers.1
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Mhango, M., and N. Dyani. "THE DUTY TO EFFECT AN APPROPRIATE MODE OF PAYMENT TO MINOR PENSION BENEFICIARIES UNDER SCRUTINY IN DEATH CLAIMS." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 12, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i2a2729.

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his note focuses on the payment into a trust arrangement in favour of a minor beneficiary as contemplated in terms of section 37C (2) of the Pension Funds Act 24 of 1956. The aim is to examine the criteria under which the boards of management of pension funds may deprive a guardian the right to administer benefits on behalf of minor beneficiaries. This examination is conducted within the context of the approach adopted by the Pension Funds Adjudicator in four specific determinations decided prior, but relevant, to the amendments to the Pension Funds Act, where the board in each case unlawfully deprived a guardian of the right to administer death benefits in favour of a minor beneficiary. Therefore, the note will discuss four specific determinations and thereafter comment about the criteria to be used by practitioners. The note argues that these determinations should be welcomed because of their progressive interpretation of the Pension Funds Act and for setting an important precedent for pension fund practitioners and boards. In each case, the Pension Funds Adjudicator found a violation of section 37C. The note also criticises the remedy granted in two of the determinations, namely Moralo v Holcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent, and argues that the Pension Funds Adjudicator’s ruling on these matters was arbitrary and capricious because it disregarded its own precedent in Lebepe v Premier Foods Provident Fund & Others. We therefore submit that the Pension Funds Adjudicator should have ordered the boards in Moralo vHolcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent to pay all of the benefits directly to the complainants and guardians in those determinations.
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Hutagalung, Rezandha. "Prinsip Kehati-hatian bagi Bank Selaku Kustodian di Pasar Modal Indonesia." Jurnal Suara Hukum 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v2n1.p1-20.

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This journal aims to find out how to apply the precautionary principle of a bank as a custodian bank in Indonesian capital market. Whereas with the enactment of Law Number 1995 concerning the Capital Market, it is deemed necessary to enact a Bapepam Decision regarding the Custodian Bank's Report. In the context of carrying out Indonesia's economic development, of course the challenges are not insignificant for financial institutions, one of which is in banking institutions. The role of banking institutions that carry out the main task as a vehicle that can collect and distribute funds effectively and efficiently, requires continuous improvement in order to be able to have a comparative advantage. This journal is how about the application of the precautionary principle in the capital market in Indonesia. Custodian Bank is a commercial bank that has obtained the approval of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) to carry out business activities as a custodian. The object of legal research is legal norms, which have the aim of examining whether or not a regulation is appropriated and applied.
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Meller, R. A., J. L. Firkins, and A. M. Gehman. "Efficacy of live yeast in lactating dairy cattle11Research was supported by state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University." Professional Animal Scientist 30, no. 4 (August 2014): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/pas.2014-01308.

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Kern, S. A., T. D. Jennings, D. S. Kohls, H. L. Doering-Resch, S. M. Scramlin, K. R. Underwood, and A. D. Weaver. "Inclusion of Hydro-Lac preslaughter increases glycolytic potential and shelf life of beef11Salaries and research support provided by state and federal funds appropriated to South Dakota State University." Professional Animal Scientist 29, no. 4 (August 2013): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30258-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Funds appropriated"

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Turner, John S. "The Pearl Harbor fleet maintenance pilot program : conversion from the Navy working capital fund to appropriated funding." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5830.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
During fiscal year 1999, the Navy conducted the Pearl Harbor Fleet Maintenance Pilot program, converting the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard from a revolving fund activity to merge with the Naval Intermediate Maintenance Facility and consolidate under appropriated funding. This research will relate the complexities of change during the Pearl Harbor Pilot, specifically with regard to the two distinct types of funding methods used at the Depot and Intermediate Maintenance Facilities: revolving funds (Navy Working Capital Fund) and appropriated funds (mission funds), respectively. The primary research goal is to define the advantages and disadvantages of accounting for the consolidated operations at the Pearl Harbor Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility with appropriated funding. To provide an analysis of this topic, results of the Pearl Harbor Pilot performance metrics will be studied and the two types of funding will be compared and contrasted. Results of the Pilot program are mixed and are still open to debate two years after the conclusion of the test. Implications for the Marine Corps Maintenance Depots are paralleled to the current dilemma facing the Navy on whether to continue the success of the Pilot or to reorganize again under a revolving fund system.
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Turner, John S. "The Pearl Harbor fleet maintenance pilot program : conversion from the Navy working captical fund to appropriated funding /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FTurner.pdf.

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Takahashi, Bruno. "O papel do terceiro facilitador na conciliação de conflitos previdenciários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-08042016-165122/.

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A conciliação judicial de conflitos previdenciários envolve, em geral, uma proposta de acordo baseada na renúncia pelo indivíduo de parte dos valores do benefício em atraso em um processo no qual a decisão contrária ao entendimento do Instituto Nacional do Segurado Social (INSS) é muito provável. Como regra, há um notório desequilíbrio de poder envolvendo, de um lado, um litigante ocasional (indivíduo) e, de outro, um litigante habitual (INSS). O presente trabalho pretende discutir qual o papel do terceiro facilitador nesse contexto, de modo a legitimar a prática existente e avançar para uma mudança de paradigma. Para tanto, parte-se da tese de que a conciliação deve ser adequada ao conflito que se pretende tratar, cabendo ao terceiro facilitador atuar de acordo com as peculiaridades desse conflito. Desse modo, propõe-se que, para o tratamento do conflito previdenciário, o conceito de conciliador deve ser entendido em termos amplos, abrangendo não apenas o conciliador leigo, mas também o juiz conciliador e o Judiciário como conciliador interinstitucional. Embora cada uma dessas atuações possua características próprias, sustenta-se que o ponto em comum é o respeito a um devido processo legal mínimo que possibilite a existência de uma base adequada de poder e que permita, assim, a tomada de uma decisão informada pelas partes. Dessa forma, a flexibilidade instrumental própria da conciliação não impediria o estabelecimento de parâmetros mínimos da atuação do conciliador. Por isso, tendo como limite a tomada de uma decisão informada, o conciliador atuaria por meio de estratégias variadas, aproximando-se e distanciando-se das partes, com maior ou menor interferência, de acordo com as características do caso apresentado. Conclui-se que, com a atuação conjunta e coordenada das diversas espécies de conciliador é possível aprimorar qualitativamente a conciliação de conflitos previdenciários.
The court-connected conciliation (or evaluative mediation) of pension funds conflicts in Brazil involves, generally, an agreement in which the individual plaintiff waives part of a benefit in a lawsuit that the defendant, a national government agency called Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS), will probably loose. As a general rule, there is a significant imbalance of power between a one-shotter (individual) and a repeat player (INSS). The present work aims to discuss the role of the conciliator (or evaluative mediator) in this scenario, in order to legitimate the current practice and to allow a paradigm shift. Firstly, it argues that conciliation should be appropriate to the conflict to be resolved and that the conciliator also should act according to the peculiarities of this conflict. Therefore, it proposed that the definition of conciliator might be enlarged to cover not only the lay person who acts as a conciliator, but also the judge as a conciliator and the Judiciary as an interinstitutional conciliator. Although each specie has its own characteristics, it is argued that the common point is that all must try to guarantee the observance of a minimal due process of law which allows the existence of an adequate basis of power and thus enable parties to make an informed decision. Consequently, the flexibility of the conciliation rules would not prevent the establishment of minimum standards of the conciliator\'s performance. Limited by the aim to allow parties to make an informed decision, the conciliator would act through a variety of strategies. It means being close or far from the parties, interfering in a greater or a smaller level, depending on the characteristics of a particular conflict to be dealt. To sum up, this work concludes that, if the three species of conciliator work together in a coordinated way, it could be possible to have a qualitative improvement in the conciliation of pension funds conflicts.
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Ghedini, Michele. "Approaches to mutual funds selection: the importance of an appropriate selection process." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/105994.

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After years of contrasting opinions, financial literature is converging to the conviction that, in funds selection, a study based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis allows to build portfolios that produce higher performances than adopting only one of these approaches. Studying some factitious portfolios, obtained from the investible universe of mutual funds of a small Italian asset management company, this research confirms this conclusion. Moreover, through the introduction of an ESG filter to the first part of the analysis, the statement that counting for values and ethics in portfolio construction enhances the performance of financial products is validated
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Books on the topic "Funds appropriated"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Budget. Fiscal year 1986 sequester order: The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 : hearing before the Committee on the Budget, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, January 22, 1986 : CBO-OMB report, GAO report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Special rescission: Communication from the Comptroller General of the United States, transmitting notification of a rescission budget authority appropriated to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, Department of Health and Human Services, that was not reported by the President, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 686(a). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Office, General Accounting. Summary of proposed and enacted rescissions, fiscal years 1974 through 1993: Communication from the Comptroller General of the United States transmitting an updated compilation of historical information and statistics regarding rescissions proposed by the executive branch and rescissions enacted by Congress. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Reagan, Ronald. Revised deferrals of budget authority: Message from the President of the United States transmitting a report of two revised deferrals of budget authority affecting programs in the Department of Defense-civil and funds appropriated to the president, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 685(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Ronald, Reagan. Revised deferrals of budget authority: Message from the President of the United States transmitting two revised deferrals of budget authority affecting programs in the Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 683(a)(i). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Ronald, Reagan. Revised deferrals of budget authority: Message from the President of the United States transmitting two revised deferrals of budget authority affecting programs in the Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 683(a)(i). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Office, General Accounting. Summary of proposed and enacted rescissions, fiscal years 1974 through 1993: Communication from the Comptroller General of the United States transmitting an updated compilation of historical information and statistics regarding rescissions proposed by the executive branch and rescissions enacted by Congress. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Ronald, Reagan. Revised deferrals of budget authority: Message from the President of the United States transmitting a report of two revised deferrals of budget authority affecting programs in the Department of Defense-civil and funds appropriated to the president, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 685(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Amending the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 to provide for the expedited consideration of certain proposed recissions of budget authority: Report together with minority views (to accompany H.R. 4600 which on June 17, 1994, was referred jointly to the Committee on Government Operations and the Committee on Rules) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Summary of proposed and enacted rescissions, fiscal years 1974 through 1993: Communication from the Comptroller General, the General Accounting Office, transmitting an updated compilation of historical information and statistics regarding rescissions proposed by the executive branch and rescissions enacted by Congress. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Funds appropriated"

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Visco-Comandini, Vincenzo. "Is the Compensation Fund an Appropriate Tool for Financing Universal Postal Service Obligations?" In New Business and Regulatory Strategies in the Postal Sector, 105–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02937-1_9.

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Chari, Martin Munashe, Hamisai Hamandawana, and Leocadia Zhou. "Socioeconomically Informed Use of Geostatistics to Track Adaptation of Resource-Poor Communities to Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1555–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_122.

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AbstractAs the Green Climate Fund continues to make concerted efforts to leverage funding for resource-constrained communities in the global south under the aegis of increasing climate change impacts in sub-Saharan Africa, there is urgent and compelling need for tools that assist organizations to track the effectiveness of adaptation interventions in reducing vulnerability. This chapter offers a cost-effective methodology to track adaptation by using a case-study-based identification of communities with diminishing coping capacities in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Multistep geostatistical techniques were utilized in the ArcGIS 10.5 software environment to rank and spatialize changes in adaptation by using demographic census data for the years 2001 and 2011. Results of the analysis revealed that 12 communities had declining or static adaptive capacities between 2001 and 2011, while 10 communities had long-term decrease in adaptive capacities from 2001 to 2011 from a sampling universe of 134 communities. These findings are important because they demonstrate that the methodology can be effectively used to provide actionable information on the prevalence of low adaptation capacities at appropriate temporal and spatial scales, in order to guide the allocation of limited resources to the most deserving communities.
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Francioni, Francesco. "Overcoming the Judicial Conundrum: The Road to a Diplomatic Solution." In Remedies against Immunity?, 343–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_19.

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AbstractThe role of international law and of international lawyers is at its best when it results in a ‘work of reconciliation and realistic construction’ (Dag Hammarskjöld, 1953). Unfortunately, it is difficult to find much of this spirit in the unfolding, regrettable and never-ending saga of Germany versus Italy. In answering the basic question of whether Germany is obliged to negotiate a settlement with Italy, this chapter argues that even if there is no hard and fast legal obligation, there is a political and moral obligation to negotiate a settlement, as indicated by paragraph 104 of the Jurisdictional Immunities Judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ); the same obligation is incumbent upon Italy. The current legal ‘black hole’ cannot be filled by further proceedings before the ICJ because immunity serves the value of the equality of states, yet equality is not a value in its own sake but is functional to the preservation of peaceful and orderly international relations and to the ‘realistic construction’ of conditions for the fulfilment of human rights. Negotiations in view of the creation of a joint German–Italian fund for the reparation of victims is the appropriate way to overcome the present impasse and to do justice to a whole class of victims who so far have fallen into oblivion.
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Grillot, Thomas. "The Names of Local Heroes." In First Americans. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300224337.003.0003.

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This chapter emphasizes the significance of the war in rearranging relations between races at the local level. In a colonial spirit of “closing the frontier,” settlers living on or near Indian reservations appropriated Indian military participation. When raising funds for monuments or creating local heroes, whites invoked a brotherhood-in-arms and celebrated the true end of the Indian wars. Indians took advantage of their neighbors' willingness to include them in their celebrations and reactivated memories and heroes of the pre-reservation era. However, the war monuments that memorialized the dead Indian heroes on several reservations often did little else but list their names and dates of service. But their very existence resulted from a complex struggle in which tribes, bands, chiefs and chiefs' descendants, town notables, and white and Indian elites tried to appropriate for themselves the national legitimacy that military sacrifice carried.
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Razfar, Aria, Beverly Troiano, Ambareen Nasir, Eunah Yang, Joseph C. Rumenapp, and Zayoni Torres. "Becoming Teacher Researchers." In Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies, 261–98. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8668-7.ch011.

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Drawing on three years of data, we show how an embedded university research team and eleven K-8 educators reorganized learning and negotiated innovative curricular activities for English learners (ELs) in spite of restrictive curricular mandates in an urban Midwestern district. We analyze how participating teachers appropriated theoretical constructs such as cultural historical activity theory (CHAT), third space, funds of knowledge, as well as using discourse analysis to design curriculum aimed at improving language learning through mathematics, science, and community-based problem solving. The learning of teachers was purposefully designed to develop new professional identities. The learning was also designed to move teachers from deficit views of multilingualism to dynamic stances grounded in polyglot language ideologies. We examine the challenges and opportunities of participants' movement from resistant, procedural, and ethnographic identities towards teacher researcher identities.
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Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. "The Urban Crisis Is Over—Long Live the Urban Crisis!" In Race for Profit, 211–52. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653662.003.0007.

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George Romney announced his resignation from HUD after Nixon’s reelection in November 1972, citing the lack of integrity and honesty in politics as his reason. Nixon declared the urban crisis over despite the fact that HUD had met very few of its goals and certainly had not eradicated urban poverty. With Romney’s departure, funding and construction of affordable housing ceased and several community improvement programs were eliminated. Nixon cut billions from affordable housing and urban renewal programs despite the fact the funds had already been appropriated by Congress. Ultimately, Nixon claimed that housing issues should be solved by more local authorities. Section 8 was introduced to allow privately owned businesses to rent to public housing recipients. Unfortunately, section 8 vouchers were often not enough to move people out of inadequate housing, and private owners were not obligated to accept section 8 vouchers.
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"The Mechanism of Financial System." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 1–22. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1643-0.ch001.

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Financial systems bring fund demanders and fund suppliers together. Therefore, with the help of these systems, fund suppliers can earn interest income by using their savings. On the other hand, fund demanders can find money they need so that they can make their investments more easily. Since the investment increase leads to higher GDP, it can be said that effective financial systems make an important contribution to the economic improvement of the countries. Therefore, to provide recommendations to have more effective financial systems, the mechanism of the financial system should be understood appropriately. Hence, in this chapter, firstly, general information about the financial system is given. After that, different fund demanders and suppliers are explained. In the final part, financial instruments are identified.
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Smith, Kate A., and Larisa Lokmic. "Combining Supervised and Unsupervised Neural Networks for Improved Cash Flow Forecasting." In Neural Networks in Business, 236–44. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-31-0.ch015.

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This chapter examines the use of neural networks as both a technique for pre-processing data and forecasting cash flow in the daily operations of a financial services company. The problem is to forecast the date when issued cheques will be presented by customers, so that the daily cash flow requirements can be forecast. These forecasts can then be used to ensure that appropriate levels of funds are kept in the company’s bank account to avoid overdraft charges or unnecessary use of investment funds. The company currently employs an ad-hoc manual method for determining cash flow forecasts and is keen to improve the accuracy of the forecasts. Unsupervised neural networks are used to cluster the cheques into more homogeneous groups prior to supervised neural networks being applied to arrive at a forecast for the date each cheque will be presented. Accuracy results are compared to the existing method of the company, together with regression and a heuristic method.
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Mailer, Markus. "Multi-Modal Assessment of Highway Performance." In Engineering Tools and Solutions for Sustainable Transportation Planning, 286–302. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2116-7.ch013.

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This chapter presents a multi-modal method for the assessment of highway performance. It is derived by extending a traditional assessment concept step by step taking into account the capacity and quality of different modes on the road as well as in the corridor. It defines an appropriate performance target and explains why a multi-modal concept has to consider transport demand in persons and goods rather than traffic volumes in vehicle units. It is shown that the concept allows for different options and measures to improve traffic quality and so supports the efficient use of existing infrastructure and the effective allocation of limited funds.
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Vedantam, Leela. "Toward a Typology of Crowdfunding Motivations." In Crowdsourcing, 152–72. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8362-2.ch008.

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Crowdfunding is a modern approach to provide real-time financial assistance to those entrepreneurs who are interested in starting seed ventures. This phenomenon is developing slowly and the financial regulators are considering options to put appropriate checks and balances to regulate these activities. Although the experience of crowdfunding may not be satisfying as it ought to be, but there a sense of willingness on the part of the civil society to participate in crowdfunding as it is associated with a good cause. It is important to note that crowdfunding as a system is being based amongst small and mid-sized income group members. The motivation to support the cause of entrepreneurs is growing as the fund lenders are novice and in the threshold stage of supporting such seed ventures. The motivations of fund lender differ depending on their personal and environmental factors, especially in connection to the emerging laws and mandatory disclosures under the financial regulatory regime. In this paper, the focus is on (i) identification of what motivates fund lenders to support entrepreneurs and the impact of the fund movement.
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Conference papers on the topic "Funds appropriated"

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Amruthavarshini, Kavya Venkatesan, K. S. Geetha, Digvijay Singh, and Kumar T. Rajamani. "Multiple instance learning for the determination of appropriate images for fundus image algorithms." In 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2016.7732133.

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Pelse, Modrite, Sandris Ancans, and Lasma Strazdina. "Digitalization in public administration institutions." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.051.

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There is no doubt that digitalization processes make positive effects on the development of a company as emphasized and evidenced by many research papers and studies. However, there are a few empirical research studies on digitalization in the public sector, particularly in public administration institutions. Therefore, the present research aims to identify and compare the level of digitalization in four national public administration institutions: the State Revenue Service, the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs, the State Social Insurance Agency and the State Employment Agency. In Latvia, very good technical solutions and a broadband mobile Internet network are available, the number of Internet users increases all over the world every year, but are they widely used by public administration institutions to provide consumers with appropriate digital services? The State Revenue Service has reached the highest level of maturity in digitalization, and the institution has also allocated the most funds from its budget to information technologies and the maintenance of their systems. The level of digitalization is low in the State Employment Agency and the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs. The public requires public administration services to be available digitally on a 24-hour/7day basis.
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GOLOVKO, Liudmyla. "IMPLEMENTATION OF EU WATER POLICY IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.103.

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The use, protection and management of water resources belong to the most urgent among global environmental problems of our time. Today, the civilization clearly realizes the need for careful management of water resources, maintaining and restoring its quality. Water quality determines the possibility of its use in various fields of human activity. For Ukraine problems of water sector are also acute and urgent. Low efficiency of water use, poor drinking water quality, nitrate contamination of water resources, poor condition of water bodies in Ukraine require more foreign experience in this sphere, especially the EU experience. The purpose of our scholarly work is to explore actual problems of harmonization of water legislation of Ukraine with the requirements of EU water policy and development of proposals for the improvement of Ukrainian legislation. Main features of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation in the water resources management sphere with EU law and prospects for implementation of principles of EU Water Framework Directive were analyzed. As a result of the study the ways of implementation of positive foreign experience of water objects management in Ukraine are considered. Considering the scale of ecological crisis in Ukraine the necessity of forming a new system of economic regulators of nature is obvious. Such system must not only accumulate funds for urgent actions, but primarily encourage economic entities to protect the natural environment. We consider it appropriate to introduce mandatory environmental insurance for operators of environmentally hazardous activities.
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Lindskog, Staffan, and Rolf Sjo¨blom. "Radiological, Technical and Financial Planning for Decommissioning of Small Nuclear Facilities in Sweden." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16177.

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On November 1st 2008, a new ordinance came into force in Sweden. It extends the implementation of nuclear liability to all nuclear facilities and companies, regardless of size. The Government has authorized the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) to issue further regulation as warranted and appropriate, and commissioned the same Authority to oversee the implementation. Consequently, SSM is presently conducting research in order to establish a basis for the implementation of the ordinance to smaller facilities and enterprises. The goal is to enable finance to be assured in an efficient manner so that any burden on the companies is as small as possible. Thus, “functional requirements” are identified, and used as a basis for various investigations. The aspects include technical and cost calculation prerequisites, as well as various domains of law: the environmental code, radiation and nuclear safety, financial reporting, and criminal law. It is found that the basis for the differentiation among the facility operators and owners should be the cost and the associated uncertainty. Thus, a cost calculation will have to be carried out by all. It should be based on available standards and guidance documents. It is found that this is a requirement that already exists elsewhere in the legislation, and thus no additional burden is imposed on the companies. It is found that segregated funds is the preferred option for long-term liabilities. Securities are suitable for short-term liabilities provided that the economy of the company in question is sound. Securities might also be used for long-term liabilities to cover uncertainty. It is proposed that a de minimis limit of at least kSEK 25 (about k€ 2, 4 and k$ 3, 4) is used. An important reason for this is that lower limits might be incompatible with the rules for financial reporting. It is also proposed that securities might be used also for long-term commitments if the total environmental liability does not exceed 1,00 MSEK (about k€ 96 and k$ 135). It is found that the “general advice” that must be used by smaller companies lacks proper instructions on how to account for environmental liability whilst at the same time it prohibits the use of e g the international reporting standards IFRS/IAS. It is also found that the “general advice” prohibits distribution of costs for research and development over time. This might be incompatible with a fund system where considerable research may be necessary at the early stages of the work and often many years before the actual decommissioning is to take place. The rules in the penal code require that an annual report presents an “essentially correct financial situation”. One of the interpretations to this statement is that a deviance of at most 30% might be tolerated. Although previous work has indicated that the error in cost estimates need not be higher than about 15%, even for research facilities, concealed cost raisers may from time to time lead to much larger errors, even when best practices are being used. It is therefore essential that decommissioning planning and cost predictions are made in accordance with state of the art, and that the estimating methods as well as the results are properly documented.
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Heard, R. G. "International Initiatives Addressing the Safety and Security of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS)." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40028.

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High activity radioactive sources provide great benefit to humanity through their utilization in agriculture, industry, medicine, research and education, and the vast majority are used in well-controlled environments. None-the-less, control has been lost over a small fraction of those sources resulting in accidents of which some had serious — even fatal — consequences. Indeed, accidents and incidents involving radioactive sources indicate that the existing regime for the control of sources needs improvement. Additionally, today’s global security environment requires more determined efforts to properly control radioactive sources. Consequently, the current regimes must be strengthened in order to ensure control over sources that are outside of regulatory control (orphan sources), as well as for sources that are vulnerable to loss, misuse, theft, or malicious use. Besides improving the existing situation, appropriate norms and standards at the national and international levels must continue to be developed to ensure the long-term sustainability of control over radioactive sources. In order to improve the existing situation, concerted national and international efforts are needed and, to some degree, are being implemented to strengthen the safety and security of sources in use, as well as to improve the control of disused sources located at numerous facilities throughout the world. More efforts must also be made to identify, recover, and bring into control orphan sources. The IAEA works closely with Member States to improve the safety and security of radioactive sources worldwide. Besides the IAEA Technical Assistance Programme and Technical Cooperation Fund, donor States provide significant financial contributions to the Nuclear Security Fund and/or direct technical support to other States to recover condition and transfer disused sources into safe and secure storage facilities and to upgrade the physical protection of sources that are in use. Under the USA-Russian Federation-IAEA (“Tripartite”) Initiative, for example, disused sources of a total activity of 2120 TBq (57251 Ci) were recovered and transported into safe and secure storage facilities in six countries of the former Soviet Union. Additionally, physical protection upgrades were performed in thirteen former Soviet Union republics at facilities using or storing high activity radioactive sources. Other donors have also provided funding for projects related to the safety and security of radioactive sources in the same region. Additionally, the EU and other countries are making regular and significant contributions to the IAEA for projects aimed at upgrading the safety and security of radioactive sources in South-Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Depending on the status of the radioactive source (in use, disused, or orphan) and the actual technical, safety and security situation, several options exist to ensure the source is properly brought or maintained under control. This paper will describe those options and the systematic approach followed by the IAEA in deciding on the most appropriate actions to take for the high activity sources that need to be recovered or removed from the countries under that request assistance.
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McKinney, James, and Melanie Brownridge. "NDA Generic Research Programme for Higher Activity Waste Management Issues." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16390.

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NDA has a responsibility to ensure decommissioning activities are sufficiently technically underpinned and appropriate Research and Development (R&D) is carried out. The NDA funds research and development (R&D) indirectly via the Site Licence Companies (SLCs) or directly. The main component of directly funded R&D is the NDA Direct Research Portfolio (DRP). The DRP is split into four framework areas: • University Interactions; • Waste Processing; • Material Characterisation; • Actinide and Strategic Nuclear Materials. These four framework areas were competed through an Official Journal of European Union (OJEU) process in 2008. Although all four areas involve waste management, Waste Processing and Material Characterisation specifically deal with Higher Activity Waste (HAW) waste management issues. The Waste Processing area was awarded to three groups: (i) National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL), (ii) Consortium led by Hyder Consulting Ltd, and (iii) Consortium led by UKAEA Ltd. The Material Characterisation area was awarded to three groups: (i) NNL, (ii) Serco, and (iii) Consortium led by UKAEA Ltd. The initial work in Waste Processing and Material Characterisation was centred on establishing a forward research programme to address the generic needs of the UK civil nuclear industry and the NDA strategic drivers for waste management and land quality. This has been achieved by the four main framework contractors from the Waste Processing and Materials Characterisation areas working together with the NDA to identify the key research themes and begin the development of the NDA’s HAW Management Research Programme. The process also involves active engagement with both industry and regulators via the Nuclear Waste Research Forum (NWRF). The NDA’s HAW Management Research Programme includes a number of themes: • Optimisation of Interim Store Operation & Design; • Alternative Waste Encapsulants; • Waste Package Integrity; • Alternative Waste treatment methods; • Alternative storage and disposal options; • Integrated waste management solutions; • Materials characterisation. The NDA, with additional support from its framework contractors and the Nuclear Waste Research Forum, is now developing a more detailed scope for each research theme and prioritising the research projects to ensure alignment with its strategic development programme.
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Franklin, Paul. "Risk Management for Rail Transportation Projects." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36137.

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Risk management is the subject of increasing attention in recent years. In the US, when Federal funds are committed to projects, risk management is a required programmatic activity. Even when it is not mandated by law or regulation, risk management is prudent for expensive, long-duration projects. Frequently, risk management is based on a risk register, and often captures as a list of typical problems with design and construction that a contractor has experienced. Risk registers vary in quality and usefulness. Some contractor submissions appear to be more “pro-forma” documents, while more useful risk registers will include anticipated risks tailored to the complexity of the scope of work and the contractor’s anticipated solution. This qualitative approach can develop a reasonable view of key risks and work to mitigate them. Recent experience at Arup has shown that this approach, while valuable as an initial approach, is limited by its quantitative nature. This paper will explore some of the key lessons learned and emerging practices that have been successfully used in recent work in detail. Key topics include: • While the essential elements of risk management apply across a wide range of markets, the planning and construction of risk management for due diligence, privately funded and partnership funded (both government and PPP) projects require different emphases and tailored approaches. • Appropriate risk structuring is required to identify key project risks that may be unrelated or marginally related to design and construction. Developing clear and effective ancillary risk statements (e.g., for marketing, finance, permitting and regulatory requirements) is important to successful risk management. • Where partnering is used for funding, there is a greater need for clarity and good communication. Planning documents require special consideration to minimize difficulties. Planning documents also need to be efficient and effective. • Large, sometimes geographically diverse, teams benefit from alternative approaches to risk workshops. • Large, expensive and long duration projects benefit by shifting risk analysis toward a more quantitative approach. Modeling techniques such as Monte Carlo simulation require special software (@Risk or Primavera) and sound input. Analyses that move risk statements from the essentially qualitative (such as severity of 4 and likelihood of 3) to agreed quantitative inputs are important. • Cost and schedule contingency are key concerns for funding agencies, whether in-house or external. The underlying structure for effectively constructing contingency depends on the contracting structure, sequencing of work, unit price allowances and other factors, in addition to the analysis of the contingency requirements of technical and other specific risks. • Special analyses for items of particular concern, for instance, the adequacy of escalation allowances or geotechnical risks, can also be helpful, particularly in the context of emerging technologies such as HSR. Risk management is coming of age, and is more than a risk register. Projects benefit from a more qualitative approach. Not every technique applies to every project, of course, but most projects, small and large, can benefit from a more structured, quantitative approach to risk management.
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Funk, Greg, and Paul Longsworth. "Opportunity, Risk, and Success: Recognizing, Addressing, and Balancing Multiple Factors Crucial to the Success of a Project Management System Deployed to Support Multi-Lateral Decommissioning Programs." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7342.

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This paper addresses the factors involved in effectively implementing a world-class program/project management information system funded by multiple nations. Along with many other benefits, investing in and utilizing such systems improves delivery and drive accountability for major expenditures. However, there are an equally large number of impediments to developing and using such systems. To be successful, the process requires a dynamic combining of elements and strategic sequencing of initiatives. While program/project-management systems involve information technologies, software and hardware, they represent only one element of the overall system. Technology, process, people and knowledge must all be integrated and working in concert with one another to assure a fully capable system. Major system implementations occur infrequently, and frequently miss established targets in relatively small organizations (with the risk increasing with greater complexity). The European Bank of Reconstruction (EBRD) is midway through just such an implementation. The EBRD is using funds from numerous donor countries to sponsor development of an overarching program management system. The system will provide the Russian Federation with the tools to effectively manage prioritizing, planning, and physically decommissioning assets in northwest Russia to mitigate risks associated the Soviet era nuclear submarine program. Project-management delivery using world-class techniques supported by aligned systems has been proven to increase the probability of delivering on-time and on-budget, assuring those funding such programs optimum value for money. However, systems deployed to manage multi-laterally funded projects must be developed with appropriate levels of consideration given to unique aspects such as: accommodation of existing project management methods, consideration for differences is management structures and organizational behaviors, incorporation of unique strengths, and subtle adjustment to compensate weaknesses. This paper addresses the architecture and sequencing of implementation. A properly designed program/project-management system provides necessary tools for those planning the program as a whole, as well as those tasked with delivering individual projects. It also provides a communication framework to transfer information to parties on the funding side of the equation. Aligned program and project management methods are key to making the overall effort effective. Ultimately, progress and transparency are essential outcomes that help to sustain funding and mitigate major funding fluctuations that create havoc for any project. A solid program-management system must provide donor countries the ability to know what is to be accomplished, how much it should cost, and over what period of time, as well as provide adequate transparency into how much is being accomplished at any given point in time. Prioritization, funding, transparency, politics, and many other considerations come into play when dealing with challenges that take decades to overcome. These issues exist for most programs, but the situation becomes even more complex when dealing in a multi-lateral framework. Project management methods and systems relate directly to program level ones and underpin the higher level program system. Before continuing, it is important to summarize the distinctions between program and project management. Program management primarily incorporates efforts relating to the identifying what is to be done over a long time horizon involving multiple projects. Project management, in contrast, generally embodies the efforts of how identified scope shall be done. Many of the efforts performed in each are similar and the distinction between programs and large projects in particular are often blurred. In general, the environment that a program manager deals with involves more uncertainty than a project manager. The essential point, however, is that a program consisting of perfectly sequenced and executed projects can still fail to provide the desired benefit if the overall program strategy is flawed or fails to adequately communicate the vision to the many lower-tier managers involved on individual projects.
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Carroll, Ernest A., and Dan B. Rathbone. "Using an Unmanned Airborne Data Acquisition System (ADAS) for Traffic Surveillance, Monitoring, and Management." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32916.

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This paper presents the history of and current status of a U.S. DOT and NASA sponsored program designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a small-unmanned airborne data acquisition system (ADAS) for traffic surveillance, monitoring, and management. ADAS is ideally suited for application in monitoring traffic flow, traffic congestion, and supporting ITS assets. GeoData Systems (GDS), Inc., with principal offices at 10565 Lee Highway, Suite 100, Fairfax, VA 22030 has developed a revolutionary new class of airborne data acquisition systems. In this effort, GDS has teamed with traffic experts DBR & Associates; P.O. Box 12300 Burke, VA. The GDS ADAS has a gross takeoff weight of less than 55 lbs, which includes both the airframe and sensors. It is capable of sustained flight for periods in excess of two hours while carrying a sensor payload of up to 20 lbs. ADAS has nine interchangeable sensor platforms under development to include a hyper-spectral visible-near-IR sensor, a multi-spectral visible near-IR mid-IR sensor, a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor, and a highly flexible high-resolution real-time video sensor. The GDS high-resolution real-time video sensor is ideally suited for traffic monitoring and other highway monitoring applications. The ADAS platform is capable of flying under a combination of pre-programmed Differential Global Positioning Satellite (DGPS) based navigation and manual direct ground control. The ADAS is being fully tested and is planned for use in several DOD base-monitoring studies this year. It should be noted that the ADAS has several levels of backup systems, which allows for a safe descent to the ground via parachute in a worst-case scenario. The system and any liability resulting from its use are fully insured by a major provider. The use of ADAS in traffic surveillance, monitoring, and management is unique and, as far as can be ascertained, has not been used in an official capacity in this way. Because of its ability to collect traffic data, survey traffic conditions, and collect highway inventory and environmental data in a cost-effective manner, and because every metropolitan area needs to collect at least some traffic data, the potential payoff from applying the ADAS is significant. The estimated potential payoff resulting from the use of the ADAS was calculated by taking into consideration information from a recent study conducted for the Federal Highway Administration by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center1. Using a reported average amount of funds expended annually for traffic data collection by transportation agencies in metropolitan areas with a population of over 200,000 and taking into consideration the estimated budget for staff involved in data collection, it is calculated that transportation agencies in an average metropolitan area spend approximately $5 million per year in traffic data collection. The ADAS can play a cost-saving role in about half of all data collection procedures and can reduce the total cost by 20 percent. Nationally, this could produce an annual savings of $75 million. An additional area where the ADAS can play a useful role is in incident management. It is well documented that more than half of the traffic congestion in the U.S. is caused by incidents, and the problem is getting worse: The percentage of congestion due to incidents is estimated to increase to 70 percent by the year 20053. The Federal Highway Administration further estimates that incident-related traffic congestion will cost the U.S. more than $75 billion in the year 2005, mainly due to lost time and wasted fuel. Comprehensive, accurate surveillance of major incidents will result in a more effective overall response. It can facilitate the process of completing police documentation of incidents, which further reduce their duration. A recent study4 showed that a 23-minute reduction in average incident duration in the Atlanta area saved $45 million in one year. The ADAS is able to provide real time overhead video feeds of an incident and the surrounding traffic situation. In addition, the ADAS can record the incident on video, capturing especially those incidents that are not within the visibility range of any CCTV system, therefore reducing the recording burden of police officers. The valuable role that airborne real-time video can play has been recognized by transportation agencies: The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has commented enthusiastically on this approach: “…VDOT definitely supports the use of an Unmanned Airborne Sensor for traffic management during a highway incident.” In addition, the Director of the Center for Advanced Transportation Technology of the University of Maryland also has responded positively, writing that, “A project which evaluates the effectiveness of an unmanned airborne data acquisition system in monitoring traffic flow seems to be a step in the right direction toward identifying appropriate and cost-effective remote sensing applications.” Further, in a recent study conducted by the Virginia Transportation Research Council in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, researchers concluded that: “the air video reduces the time and personnel needed to acquire data from the field. Further, aerial video may facilitate an objective evaluation of a jurisdiction’s incident response procedures. Finally, aerial video may allow a transportation agency to adopt a proactive approach to traffic management by identifying and evaluating potential problems before they occur. Specifically, problems include the use of residential neighborhoods to bypass congested arterials and heavily used facilities needing snow removal.” Our project is demonstrating how the ADAS can be used in traffic surveillance monitoring and management. The study team is using input from transportation agencies at the state and local level to fine-tune the design of the ADAS application and the analysis and evaluation of the results. Areas where the ADAS can be applied effectively and efficiently are being identified. When completed, the end product of this effort will be a document that will indicate when it is cost-effective to use ADAS relative to other possible methods of data collection and analysis.
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Reports on the topic "Funds appropriated"

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Neve, Trevor L., Jordon W. Cassell, Robert L. Crosslin, and Robert A. Hutchinson. Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 3. Appendix F. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226209.

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Neve, Trevor L., Jordon W. Cassell, Robert L. Crosslin, and Robert A. Hutchinson. Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 1. Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226207.

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Neve, Trevor L., Jordon W. Cassell, Robert L. Crosslin, and Robert A. Hutchinson. Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 2. Appendices A through E. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226208.

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Neve, Trevor L., Jordon W. Cassell, Robert L. Crosslin, and Robert A. Hutchinson. Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 8. Appendices R and S. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226214.

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Neve, Trevor L., Jordon W. Cassell, Robert L. Crosslin, and Robert A. Hutchinson. Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 4. Appendices G, H, and I. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226210.

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Neve, Trevor L., Jordon W. Cassell, Robert L. Crosslin, and Robert A. Hutchinson. Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 5. Appendices J, K, and L. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226211.

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Neve, Trevor L., Jordon W. Cassell, Robert L. Crosslin, and Robert A. Hutchinson. Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 7. Appendices O, P, and Q. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226213.

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McGill, Karis, and Eleanor Turner. Return on Investment Analysis of Private Sector Facilitation Funds for Rwandan Agribusinesses. RTI Press, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0042.2008.

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This study analyzes the return on investment for an agribusiness facilitation fund implemented in Rwanda. Combining project monitoring data with supplementary surveys and interviews of recipient agribusinesses, we find a positive return on investment in terms of farmer income generated per dollar spent by the US government. To determine the commercial viability of the investments, we estimate the payback period and find the median time it will take a firm to recoup the entire investment through profits is 3.7 years. We estimate the net present value of the entire fund portfolio to be $12.5 million. These estimates rely on conservative assumptions and likely underrepresent the profitability of the investments. Given the positive returns and commercial viability of the agribusinesses, we examine the fund’s role as a first step to “graduate” firms toward investment readiness. Although three firms did access equity investment, we find that the majority of the businesses in the portfolio do not meet investor requirements for deal size and management capacity and are more appropriately financed by commercial lenders. We conclude with recommendations for the implementation and measurement of similar funds.
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Hilbrecht, Margo, Sally M. Gainsbury, Nassim Tabri, Michael J. A. Wohl, Silas Xuereb, Jeffrey L. Derevensky, Simone N. Rodda, McKnight Sheila, Voll Jess, and Gottvald Brittany. Prevention and education evidence review: Gambling-related harm. Edited by Margo Hilbrecht. Greo, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2021.006.

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This report supports an evidence-based approach to the prevention and education objective of the National Strategy to Reduce Harm from Gambling. Applying a public health policy lens, it considers three levels of measures: universal (for the benefit of the whole population), selective (for the benefit of at-risk groups), and indicated (for the benefit of at-risk individuals). Six measures are reviewed by drawing upon a range of evidence in the academic and grey literature. The universal level measures are “Regulatory restriction on how gambling is provided” and “Population-based safer gambling/responsible gambling efforts.” Selective measures focus on age cohorts in a chapter entitled, “Targeted safer gambling campaigns for children, youth, and older adults.” The indicated measures are “Brief internet delivered interventions for gambling,” “Systems and tools that produced actual (‘hard’) barriers and limit access to funds,” and “Self-exclusion.” Since the quantity and quality of the evidence base varied by measure, appropriate review methods were selected to assess publications using a systematic, scoping, or narrative approach. Some measures offered consistent findings regarding the effectiveness of interventions and initiatives, while others were less clear. Unintended consequences were noted since it is important to be aware of unanticipated, negative consequences resulting from prevention and education activities. After reviewing the evidence, authors identified knowledge gaps that require further research, and provided guidance for how the findings could be used to enhance the prevention and education objective. The research evidence is supplemented by consultations with third sector charity representatives who design and implement gambling harm prevention and education programmes. Their insights and experiences enhance, support, or challenge the academic evidence base, and are shared in a separate chapter. Overall, research evidence is limited for many of the measures. Quality assessments suggest that improvements are needed to support policy decisions more fully. Still, opportunities exist to advance evidence-based policy for an effective gambling harm prevention and education plan.
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Price, Roz. Access to Climate Finance by Women and Marginalised Groups in the Global South. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.083.

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This paper examines the issue of management of climate finance in the Global South. It acknowledges the efforts made by the various stakeholders so far but seeks to advance a clarion call for a more inclusive and targeted approach in dealing with climate change. The authors highlight the limited role played by least developed countries and small island developing states in contributing to the conversation on climate change. The authors emphasize the need for enhancing the role of the most vulnerable countries, marginalized groups, and indigenous peoples in the management of climate change. This rapid review focusses on the access to the Green Climate Fund by local civil society organisations (CSOs), indigenous peoples, and women organizations within the Global South. The authors observe that there still exist barriers to climate finance by local actors in the Global South. The authors note the need for more significant engagement of all local actors and the need to devolve climate finance to the lowest level possible to the most vulnerable groups. Particularly, climate finance should take into consideration gender equality in any mitigation measures. The paper also highlights the benefits of engaging CSOs in the engagement of climate finance. The paper argues that local actors have the potential to deliver more targeted, context-relevant, and appropriate climate adaptation outcomes. This can be attributed to the growing movement for locally-led adaptation, a new paradigm where decisions over how, when, and where to adapt are led by communities and local actors. There is also a need to build capacities and strengthen institutions and organisations. Further, it is important to ensure transparency and equitable use and allocation of climate finance by all players.
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