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Journal articles on the topic 'Funerary contexts and practices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Dussol, Lydie, Michelle Elliott, Grégory Pereira, and Dominique Michelet. "The use of Firewood in Ancient Maya Funerary Rituals: A Case Study from Rio Bec (Campeche, Mexico)." Latin American Antiquity 27, no. 1 (2016): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.27.1.51.

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In this paper, we examine wood charcoal assemblages that were recovered from ash layers in Terminal Classic (A.D. 800–950) burials at the Maya site of Rio Bee to understand the use of fuel wood in funerary rites. Compared to charcoal deposits from domestic and non-funerary contexts, the spectrum of wood taxa used in the burial deposits is unique, which suggests specific fire-related practices. Members of the Sapotaceae family and Cordiasp. dominated all contexts and were clearly primary fuels. In contrast, the use of pine (Pinus sp.), which does not grow locally today, was limited to ritual pr

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Cristante, Mariana Alves Pereira. "ARQUEOLOGIA DAS PRÁTICAS MORTUÁRIAS DE GRUPOS TUPINAMBÁ E GUARANI." CLIO Arqueológica 33, no. 2 (2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.20891/clio.v33n2p184-245.

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Este trabalho trata da variabilidade de contextos funerários associados a grupos Tupinambá e Guarani das regiões do Paranapanema, alto Paraná e regiões próximas dos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Fizemos a análise de material cerâmico, contextos funerários, remanescentes humanos, características dos sítios e fontes etnohistóricas, e essas análises combinadas nos trouxeram diversas considerações a serem feitas sobre a interpretação dos contextos, sua variabilidade, as vasilhas funerárias e a relação entre vivos e mortos para esses grupos. ARCHEOLOGY OF THE MORTUAL PRACTICES OF TUPINAMBÁ

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Charalambidou, Xenia. "IRON AGE MORTUARY PRACTICES AND MATERIAL CULTURE AT THE INLAND CEMETERY OF TSIKALARIO ON NAXOS: DIFFERENTIATION AND CONNECTIVITY." Annual of the British School at Athens 113 (November 2018): 143–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245418000102.

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Naxos, the largest of the Cycladic islands, offers a nuanced insight into Iron Age funerary behaviour in the Cyclades and relations between social groups as reflected in the archaeological record. The focus of this paper is the cemetery of Tsikalario in the hinterland of the island, with emphasis on two burial contexts which exhibit a range of activities related to funerary ceremonies and the consumption of grave-offerings. The grave-tumuli found in the Tsikalario cemetery comprise a mortuary ‘phenomenon’ not found otherwise on Naxos during the Early Iron Age. Such a differentiation in mortuar

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Sanhueza, Lorena. "Gender and Age in Funerary Practices in the Ceramic Periods in Central Chile." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30, no. 3 (2020): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000013.

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The Ceramic Periods in central Chile are a scenario of major changes in mobility and subsistence systems, associated with the incorporation of cultigens as the basis of subsistence. In this paper, we present a study of the funerary contexts of the Ceramic Periods in central Chile in order to assess whether in this scenario, generally considered very significant in the low-scale societies studied here, gender categories were constructed or signified, and how this changed over time. The results of the analysis suggest that gender categorization was not always important in this scenario. Among Ll

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Kadari, Adiel. "“This One Fulfilled What Is Written in That One”: On an Early Burial Practice in Its Literary and Artistic Contexts." Journal for the Study of Judaism 41, no. 2 (2010): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006310x490239.

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AbstractThis article deals with a surprising practice of placing a Torah scroll on a funeral bier and crying out: “This one fulfilled what is written in that one.” An allusion to this custom already appears in a Tannaitic haggadah that tells about the bringing of Joseph’s bones to burial in the Land of Israel. This practice seems to run counter to the tendency to distance the corpse from the realm of the sacred. I seek to examine it through literary motifs from eulogies and depictions of the death of various individuals, and through artistic findings from the realm of funerary art. This examin

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Pantoja Perez, Tess, and Josie Méndez-Negrete. "Burial Practices Expose Identity Formation: Muerte y figura hasta la sepultura." Association of Mexican American Educators Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24974/amae.13.1.447.

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An examination of identity formation and its performative qualities or ways in which one enacts identity emerged as a result of a study of racially segregated cemeteries in a rural South Texas town, a practice that continues to dictate how burials are carried out, according to race. Fieldwork, archives, and pláticas, made visible the historical origins of funerary practices for the primary author—whose family lives in Nixon, Texas. Along with documenting funerary practices, this study explores the ways in which Pantoja Perez’s ancestors creatively camouflaged ethnicity to disidentify with thei

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Wilkin, Neil C. A. "Grave-goods, contexts and interpretation: towards regional narratives of Early Bronze Age Scotland." Scottish Archaeological Journal 33, no. 1-2 (2011): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2011.0022.

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This paper proposes that a contextual approach is required to make the most of the rich and diverse evidence for Early Bronze Age funerary practices in Scotland. It reviews the spatial patterning of the principal funerary traditions and identifies significant regional differences in their popularity by region. The chronological relationship between Beaker and Food Vessel burials is then reviewed in the light of new radiocarbon dates. Both distributional and chronological factors then contribute to a refined, regional and contextual approach to Beaker typology. The paper concludes by bringing t

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Reiter, Samantha S., Niels Algreen Møller, Bjarne Henning Nielsen, et al. "Into the fire: Investigating the introduction of cremation to Nordic Bronze Age Denmark: A comparative study between different regions applying strontium isotope analyses and archaeological methods." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0249476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249476.

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Changes in funerary practices are key to the understanding of social transformations of past societies. Over the course of the Nordic Bronze Age, funerary practices changed from inhumation to cremation. The aim of this study is to shed light on this fundamental change through a cross-examination of archaeometric provenance data and archaeological discussions of the context and layouts of early cremation graves. To this end, we conducted 19 new provenance analyses of strontium isotopes from Early Nordic Bronze age contexts in Thisted County and Zealand and Late Bronze Age contexts from Thisted

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Millaire, Jean-François. "The Manipulation of Human Remains in Moche Society: Delayed Burials, Grave Reopening, and Secondary Offerings of Human Bones on the Peruvian North Coast." Latin American Antiquity 15, no. 4 (2004): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141584.

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Abstract A careful reexamination of funerary contexts suggests that Moche (ca. A.D. 100–800) graves were not simply spaces for the disposal of decaying corpses, but contexts periodically revisited by certain members of Moche society. The dynamic nature of funerary practices is documented through an examination of delayed burials. It is argued that these were the product of two distinct ritual processes, one of which involved the storage of corpses to be used as retainers in subsequent rituals. The practice of grave reopening is also explored, leading to the identification of different types of

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Standen, Vivien G., Bernardo Arriaza, Calogero M. Santoro, and Mariela Santos. "La Práctica Funeraria En El Sitio Maestranza Chinchorro Y El Poblamiento Costero Durante El Arcaico Medio En El Extremo Norte De Chile." Latin American Antiquity 25, no. 3 (2014): 300–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.25.3.300.

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We discuss Chinchorro mortuary practices during the Middle Archaic (7000-5000 B.P.) as demonstrated by 12 funerary contexts excavated at the site of Maestranza Chinchorro, northern Chile. First we describe each of the funerary contexts. Then we discuss the variability of mortuary practices, the configuration of multiple burials, the mortuary treatment of human fetuses, lifestyle, and paleopathology. We conclude that mortuary practices are heterogeneous and that not all subjects received elaborate treatment. Mortuary ritual focused on the seven infants in the group, which included two fetuses o

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Mayo Torné, Julia, Carlos Mayo Torné, Mercedes Guinea Bueno, Miguel Ángel Hervás Herrera, and Jesus Herrerín López. "Approach to the Study of the Phenomenon of Multiple Burials at El Caño, Panama." Latin American Antiquity 31, no. 1 (2020): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.99.

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In this article we present a study that seeks to explain the nature of, and the mortuary practices behind, the burials containing multiple individuals at the site of El Caño, Panama (part of the “Gran Coclé” archaeological tradition, ca. AD 700–1000). We set out to test our first impression of these burials as products of sumptuous funerals held upon the death of the rulers that included, among other practices, human sacrifice. With this in mind, our research aims to elucidate the status relationships between individuals, the circumstances of their deaths, and the religious and symbolic signif

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Babić, Staša, and Zorica Kuzmanović. "Atenica: u potrazi za izgubljenim spalištem." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 11, no. 3 (2016): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v11i3.1.

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Symbolic and cult practices of a community undoubtedly play an important role in the formation of funerary contexts. On the other hand, in the absence of written records on these practices, archaeologists are inclined to base their interpretations upon generalized and simplified ideas on “primitive cults”, such as “solar cult”. In this line of inference, technical aspects of the record are neglected in order to obtain the preconceived symbolic “messages”. Among the princely graves of the Central Balkans, the mounds in Atenica near Čačak have long represented the only example of this type of fu

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Chicoine, David. "Death and Religion in the Southern Moche Periphery: Funerary Practices at Huambacho, Nepeña Valley, Peru." Latin American Antiquity 22, no. 4 (2011): 525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.525.

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AbstractThis article explores religion, death, and mortuary practices in the Southern Moche (A.D. 1-800) periphery as viewed through the excavation of grave contexts at the site of Huambacho, Nepeña Valley, Peru. Moche influence reached Nepeña as is visible in the construction of religious buildings at the site of Pañamarca and the presence of Moche style ceramics at several sites. In 2003 and 2004, scientific excavations at Huambacho, an Early Horizon center mainly built and occupied during the first millennium B.C., yielded a series of intrusive graves containing Gallinazo, Virú, and Moche s

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Silva, Joadson Vagner. "ARQUEOLOGIA E O PROBLEMA DO CANIBALISMO: Contribuições Interdisciplinares." CLIO Arqueológica 33, no. 2 (2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.20891/clio.v33n2p301-329.

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Este artigo apresenta um conjunto de conceitos arqueológicos que tratam da necessidade de relações interdisciplinares na formulação de modelos interpretativos sobre a prática do canibalismo como parte integrante, não exclusiva, dos modos de vida das populações pré-históricas. A partir do conceito de Bioarqueologia, foi observada a necessária interdisciplinaridade com estudos da Antropologia e da Biologia para tornar verificável cientificamente os traços da prática da ingestão do corpo humano – ou partes – no contexto arqueológico. Os vestígios dessa prática podem estar dentro do ciclo funerári

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Borda, Kevin, Bernardette Mercieca-Spiteri, Paolo Spadaro, and Carlo Veca. "The Perseverance of Archaeology: New Data from a Rescue Investigation at Triq Fejġel in Rabat and its Contribution to the Punic and Roman Maltese Funerary Context." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2021): 128–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0129.

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Abstract The Maltese funerary context during the Punic and Roman times is documented from discoveries and archaeological reports primarily from the twentieth century. Notwithstanding, documentation standards in the first half of the last century were such as to provide limited archaeological data to properly understand the context, phasing and ritual. The combination of robust policy-driven archaeological monitoring procedures together with a scientific excavation of reported discoveries is essential to provide fresh archaeological data which must necessarily be published within adequate time

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Roedel, Luísa De Assis. "Theoretical Perspectives to Archaeology of Mortuary practices: a brief overview." Habitus 15, no. 2 (2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/hab.v15i2.5339.

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This paper intends to discuss the general alignments of major theoretical approaches when it comes to archaeological studies about cemeteries and funerary practices. I seek to bring examples of executed researches in different mortuary contexts and analyze how contrasting academic orientations allow us to answer distinct questions. Through discussions made mainly in the Brazilian and North American scenario I aim to assemble general boundaries which point to a common way of some theories, although it will not show all the variability of these various approaches.   Perspectivas teór

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Vampelj Suhadolnik, Nataša. "Death in Beijing." Poligrafi 24, no. 93/94 (2019): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2019.191.

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Alma Maximiliane Karlin (1889–1950) was a world traveller, writer, journalist, and collector from Slovenia. She embarked on an eight-year journey around the world in November 1919, in the course of which she published a series of travel sketches in the Cillier Zeitung, a local German-language newspaper. In one of these she reported on funerary rituals and mourning practices in China. After returning to Europe, she was to cover the same topic in her three‑volume travelogue, published between 1929 and 1933. In this paper we analyse these two early accounts of Chinese funerary rituals by Al

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Cooper, Anwen, Duncan Garrow, Catriona Gibson, and Melanie Giles. "Covering the Dead in Later Prehistoric Britain: Elusive Objects and Powerful Technologies of Funerary Performance." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 85 (August 30, 2019): 223–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2019.8.

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This paper examines the containment and covering of people and objects in burials throughout later prehistory in Britain. Recent analyses of grave assemblages with exceptionally well-preserved organic remains have revealed some of the particular roles played by covers in funerary contexts. Beyond these spectacular examples, however, the objects involved in covering and containing have largely been overlooked. Many of the ‘motley crew’ of pots and stones used to wrap, cover, and contain bodies (and objects) were discarded or destroyed by antiquarian investigators in their quest for more immedia

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Castro, Viviane Maria Cavalcanti de. "SÍTIO FURNA DO ESTRAGO, PE: Práticas Funerárias e Marcadores de Identidades Coletivas." CLIO Arqueológica 33, no. 2 (2018): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.20891/clio.v33n2p330-371.

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Este artigo apresenta o estudo dos marcadores de identidades coletivas na materialidade das estruturas funerárias do sítio pré-histórico Furna do Estrago, localizado no Município do Brejo da Madre de Deus, Pernambuco, Brasil. Como resultado, registrou-se: presença de colares e uso de envoltório em fibra vegetal, indicadores de representação material de identidades coletivas - elementos recorrentes na maioria dos indivíduos sepultados - e a existência de elementos indicadores de identidades vinculados à idade dos indivíduos. No sítio Furna do Estrago o contexto funerário apresentou marcadores d

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Ivison, Eric A. "Funerary monuments of the Gattelusi at Mytilene." Annual of the British School at Athens 87 (November 1992): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015240.

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Five fragments from the tombs of the Gattelusi dynasty of Lesbos are presented, which were originally published by F.W. Hasluck in BSA 15 (1908–9). The monuments are published in detail for the first time, and are placed in the context of contemporary Byzantine and Genoese funerary monuments at Constantinople and in the Aegean. The identification of a church, recently excavated within the Kastro, with the Gattelusi burial church is also discussed, with remarks touching upon the mortuary practices of Latin rulers in the Levant. A final section attempts to attribute the tombs to members of the d

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Lopez-Costas, Olalla. "Taphonomy and burial context of the Roman/post-Roman funerary areas (2nd to 6th centuries AD) of A Lanzada, NW Spain." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 12 (July 21, 2015): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i12.111.

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Although in the post-Roman transition (Late Antiquity) intense socioeconomic, cultural and environmental changes took place in NW Iberia, their impact in the life of local communities is barely known. The funerary rites and burial are processes deeply rooted in societies, hence their modifications may reveal helpful aspects to understand the aforementioned transition. To reach this objective and improve our knowledge on the local lifestyle, I analyzed and compared the taphonomy, or post-mortem alterations, of burials from A Lanzada necropolis. This is one of the few sites in NW Spain where two

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Heffron, Yağmur. "Paraphernalia of Funerary Display at Kaneš." Altorientalische Forschungen 47, no. 1 (2020): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2020-0006.

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AbstractThe Hittite royal funerary ritual šalliš waštaiš prescribes gold pieces to be placed on the eyes and mouth of the deceased. This is consistent with the manner in which thin sheets of hammered gold are reported to have been found on the faces of occupants of in-house graves in the Lower Town of Kültepe, ancient Kaneš. Mouth-pieces of unmistakable similarity have also turned up in great numbers in Late Bronze Age graves on Cyprus, most notably at Enkomi. Beyond comparison with the šalliš waštaiš text, gold eye- and mouth-pieces from Kaneš have received little attention. This contribution

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Mustață, Mariana. "Social Identities in Roman Children’s Burials. Roman Cemetery at Apulum-Dealul Furcilor." Ephemeris Napocensis 30 (February 10, 2021): 39–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2020.30.39.

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The children’s graves from the cemetery at Apulum-Dealul Furcilor are a category of archaeological contexts that is worth studying because too little is known about the funerary treatments of the children from Roman Dacia. These graves contain the material remains of a number of practices that could indicate the perceived social identities of the child and the mourners. These coded identities can be deciphered by using statistical analyses, the process of understanding the archaeological assemblages being eased in this way. However, a proper interpretation of these contexts requires the incorp

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Chase, Diane Z., and Arlen F. Chase. "Maya Multiples: Individuals, Entries, and Tombs in Structure A34 of Caracol, Belize." Latin American Antiquity 7, no. 1 (1996): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3537015.

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It is commonly assumed in both the public and professional perceptions of Maya archaeology that tombs serve as time capsules, each representing a single event, and that burials of single individuals were the normal interment type, at least during the Late Classic period (A.D. 550-800). The investigation of Caracol Structure A34 provides excellent examples of tomb re-entry as well as of multiple-individual interment in sealed contexts, both of which contradict current assumptions. Analyses of the excavations also embody a true conjunctive approach by utilizing stratigraphy, osteology, artifacts

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Santucci, Anna, and J. P. Uhlenbrock. "Cyrene Papers: The Final Report. Richard Norton's Exploration of the Northern Necropolis of Cyrene (24 October 1910 – 4 May 1911): From Archives to Archaeological Contexts." Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 9–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026371890000964x.

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AbstractThe rock-cut tombs of Cyrene's Northern Necropolis have survived to the present day in a pitifully ruinous state because of the looting that has taken place since antiquity and because of their frequent re-use as dwellings or stables. An important archive of typewritten reports, photographs, sketches, and correspondence pertaining to this necropolis is preserved principally in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and documents the first officially-sanctioned archaeological excavation at Cyrene. This was conducted by an American archaeological mission lead by Richard Norton from October 19

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Massa, Michele. "Early Bronze Age burial customs on the central Anatolian plateau: a view from Demircihöyük-Sarıket." Anatolian Studies 64 (2014): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154614000064.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the analysis of the cemetery of Demircihöyük-Sarıket, for which exists one of the largest Early Bronze Age funerary datasets published to date in Anatolia. The size and quality of the sample allow the dataset to be approached quantitatively, to determine both normative and anomalous funerary practices, and to detect distinct patterns of burial treatment for different segments of the population represented in the cemetery. Despite the small size of the community (ca 100–130 people), the results suggest a rather complex picture, in which the choice of specific buria

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Carver, Genevieve. "Pits and Place-making: Neolithic Habitation and Deposition Practices in East Yorkshirec. 4000–2500 BC." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 78 (2012): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027134.

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This article presents the findings of a study which sought to explore the nature of Neolithic habitation practices in east Yorkshire, primarily using evidence from pits. The morphology of pits and material deposited into them were examined in order to discern the kinds of activities taking place close by, and the possible motivation behind pits being dug. The temporality, spatial organisation, and landscape distribution of pits was considered in conjunction with information from domestic features, artefact spreads, and monumental and funerary features in order to create a coherent image of the

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Manning, Sturt W., and Sarah J. Monks. "Late Cypriot tombs at Maroni Tsaroukkas, Cyprus." Annual of the British School at Athens 93 (November 1998): 298–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400003476.

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On the centenary of British Museum investigations at the site of Maroni Tsaroukkas in southern Cyprus, we present the findings of the re-excavation of funerary deposits at this Late Bronze Age site. We discuss the historical background to the discovery of tombs and artefacts at the site by the British Museum in an attempt to understand and tie in more recent discoveries. The results of excavation over the past five years are assessed in terms of the evolution of funerary practice at the site, and in the valley as a whole, and the role of locally produced and foreign objects within such context

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Boero, Dina. "The Cultural Biography of a Pilgrimage Token: From Hagiographical to Archaeological Evidence." Archiv für Religionsgeschichte 21-22, no. 1 (2020): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0008.

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AbstractAcross the eastern Mediterranean, the personnel of late antique pilgrimage sites distributed terracotta tokens stamped with depictions of saints, scenes from the life of Christ, and related imagery. Using primarily hagiographical sources, scholars associate tokens with healing practices, the veneration of icons, and the worship of relics. Certainly, hagiographies offer valuable representations of ritual processes, but they also make claims on the proper distribution, meaning, and use of tokens amidst a diversity of intercessory activities. How, in practice, was a token produced and dis

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Sánchez-Quinto, Federico, Helena Malmström, Magdalena Fraser, et al. "Megalithic tombs in western and northern Neolithic Europe were linked to a kindred society." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 19 (2019): 9469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818037116.

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Paleogenomic and archaeological studies show that Neolithic lifeways spread from the Fertile Crescent into Europe around 9000 BCE, reaching northwestern Europe by 4000 BCE. Starting around 4500 BCE, a new phenomenon of constructing megalithic monuments, particularly for funerary practices, emerged along the Atlantic façade. While it has been suggested that the emergence of megaliths was associated with the territories of farming communities, the origin and social structure of the groups that erected them has remained largely unknown. We generated genome sequence data from human remains, corres

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Cleary, Kerri. "Broken Bones and Broken Stones: Exploring Fragmentation in Middle and Late Bronze Age Settlement Contexts in Ireland." European Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 3 (2017): 336–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.61.

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This article examines the evidence for fragmentation practices on Middle–Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–700bc) settlement sites in Ireland by looking at two kinds of material: human remains, both burnt and non-burnt, and quern stones. It highlights evidence for the manipulation of non-burnt skulls through ‘de-facing’ and the potential retention of cranial and other fragments for ‘burial’ in settlements. It also explores the more difficult task of determining whether incomplete skeletal representation in cremated remains can be interpreted as deliberate fragmentation, and how the context of depositio

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Cooper, Anwen, Duncan Garrow, and Catriona Gibson. "Spectrums of depositional practice in later prehistoric Britain and beyond. Grave goods, hoards and deposits ‘in between’." Archaeological Dialogues 27, no. 2 (2020): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203820000197.

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AbstractThis paper critically evaluates how archaeologists define ‘grave goods’ in relation to the full spectrum of depositional contexts available to people in the past, including hoards, rivers and other ‘special’ deposits. Developing the argument that variations in artefact deposition over time and space can only be understood if different ‘types’ of find location are considered together holistically, we contend that it is also vital to look at the points where traditionally defined contexts of deposition become blurred into one another. In this paper, we investigate one particular such cat

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De Spiegeleer, Christoph. "Secularization and the Modern History of Funerary Culture in Europe : Conflict and Market Competition Around Death, Burial and Cremation." Trajecta. Religion, Culture and Society in the Low Countries 28, no. 2 (2019): 169–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tra2019.2.002.desp.

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Abstract This article connects the history of attitudes toward death and funerary practices in 19th- and 20th-century Europe to the ongoing discussion on secularization. It emphasizes how recent scholarship on the history of death ‐ following broader trends within religious studies ‐ has abandoned the standard modernization-narrative of secularization, and moved to view the issue through the prism of conflict and market competition. Depending on the historical context and the Church-State relationship, a conflict and/or market competition perspective can deepen our understanding of the secular

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Aluai Sampaio, Hugo, and Ana M. S. Bettencourt. "Between the valley and the hill top. Discoursing on the spatial importance of Pego’s Bronze Age necropolis, Braga (Northwest of Portugal)." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 10 (July 21, 2014): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i10.82.

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This work reports the data which has been recovered from the excavation of Sector II of Pego. Among other kinds of evidence, that area encompasses traces of funerary practices dating back to the Bronze Age.Based upon the local’s choice, the structures’ architectonic features, their interrelations, materials associated and strati-graphy and in the carbon dating results available we have proposed different uses and occupation phases.Although certain materials reflect human presence during later periods, the frequency of that area denounce three occu-pation moments datable from between the Middle

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Pastor, Sonia Carbonell. "Techniques for the Documentation, Registration and Analyses of Rock-Cut Tombs." Studies in Digital Heritage 4, no. 1 (2020): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v4i1.30463.

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The Archeology of Death, a line emerged within the processualist theoretical position, meant great advances in issues related to the study of the funeral ancient practices, mainly through anthropological studies. However, we do not always have deposits or primary contexts, usually we find the graves looted, pillaged or modified since ancient times. In this sense, this work intends to constitute a methodological example of approach to the knowledge of the funerary sphere of a society through the application of new technologies for those cases in which we do not have any type of information refe

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Silva, A. M., I. Leandro, D. Pereira, C. Costa, and A. C. Valera. "Collective secondary cremation in a pit grave: A unique funerary context in Portuguese Chalcolithic burial practices." HOMO 66, no. 1 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2014.10.003.

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Pettitt, Paul. "Hominin evolutionary thanatology from the mortuary to funerary realm: the palaeoanthropological bridge between chemistry and culture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1754 (2018): 20180212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0212.

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Palaeoanthropology, or more precisely Palaeolithic archaeology, offers the possibility of bridging the gap between mortuary activities that can be observed in the wider animal community and which relate to chemistry and emotion; to the often-elaborate systems of rationalization and symbolic contextualisation that are characteristic of recently observable societies. I draw on ethological studies to provide a core set of mortuary behaviours one might expect hominoids to inherit, and on anthropological observations to explore funerary activity represented in the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, in

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Danielsson, Ing-Marie Back. "More Theory for Mortuary Research of the Viking World." European Journal of Archaeology 19, no. 3 (2016): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14619571.2016.1187976.

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This themed journal issue provides many examples of ways forward in the study of death and memory in the Viking world. While all contributions demonstrate that there are exciting new ways to study remains from funerary contexts that focus on different forms of citation involving material culture and monuments, this article will very briefly discuss dimensions that have not been addressed here. Specifically, it showcases how the mortuary citations approach can also use post-humanist theory for further development and exploration of mortuary practices in the Viking world. Although short, this ar

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Noerwidi, Sofwan. "REKONSTRUKSI ASPEK BIOLOGIS DAN KONTEKS BUDAYA RANGKA MANUSIA HOLOSEN, SONG KEPLEK 5." Berkala Arkeologi 32, no. 2 (2012): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v32i2.53.

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The Song Keplek 5 (SK5) specimen was found in 1998 at the Song Keplek site, located in the Gunung Sewu (Southern Mountains) karst region, East Java. SK5 is a burial dated within direct sample with an AMS date from its fragments bones of c. 3053 ± 65 calBP (AA96775). This paper will discuss the archaeological and biological context of SK 5. Biological information includes estimation of age, sex determination, height, and any indicators of systemic pathology. Discussion of archaeological context will include cultural practices during this individual’s life, and subsequent funerary practices post

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Loni, Augusto, Antonio Fornaciari, Angelo Canale, Valentina Giuffra, Stefano Vanin, and Giovanni Benelli. "Insights on Funeral Practices and Insects Associated With the Tombs of King Ferrante II d’Aragona and Other Renaissance Nobles." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 6 (2019): 1582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz102.

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Abstract The impressive Sacristy of the Basilica of San Domenico Maggiore contains 38 wooden sarcophagi with the bodies of 10 Aragonese princes and other Neapolitan nobles, who died in the 15th and 16th centuries. To improve the knowledge about the entomofauna associated with bodies in archaeological contexts, herein we provide insights on the funerary practices and the insect community associated to Ferrante II King of Naples and other Italian Renaissance mummies of the Aragonese dynasty buried in the Basilica of St. Domenico Maggiore. We identified 842 insect specimens: 88% were Diptera (Mus

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Valera, António Carlos, and Lucy Shaw Evangelista. "Anthropomorphic Figurines at Perdigões Enclosure: Naturalism, Body Proportion and Canonical Posture as Forms of Ideological Language." European Journal of Archaeology 17, no. 2 (2014): 286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957114y.0000000057.

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This paper focusses on a set of anthropomorphic figurines. It suggests that realistic human proportion and canonical body posture were pursued in the carving of these objects as a means of expressing ideology, in a context of diversified forms of manipulation of bodies in funerary practices. It is argued that, against a background of predominantly schematic art, the more realistic and canonical anthropomorphic representation of the human body was used to communicate a set of ideological statements in a more controlled and immediate way, in a period of ontological and cosmological transition.

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Lemmers, Simone A. M., David Gonçalves, Eugénia Cunha, Ana R. Vassalo, and Jo Appleby. "Burned Fleshed or Dry? The Potential of Bioerosion to Determine the Pre-Burning Condition of Human Remains." Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 27, no. 4 (2020): 972–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-020-09446-x.

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Abstract The practice of cremation is often interpreted as an alternative to inhumation, taking place shortly after an individual’s death. However, cremation could be a final stage in complex mortuary practices, with previous steps that are obscured due to the heating process. This project reports on experimental scoping research on a set of experimentally heated femoral fragments from modern and archaeological collections of the University of Coimbra. Sixteen recent femur samples from eight individuals, as well as five femur samples from an archaeological skeleton from the medieval-modern cem

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Buck, Trudi, Elizabeth M. Greene, Alexander Meyer, Victoria Barlow, and Eleanor Graham. "The Body in the Ditch: Alternative Funerary Practices on the Northern Frontier of the Roman Empire?" Britannia 50 (May 6, 2019): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x1900014x.

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ABSTRACTDisarticulated human remains were recovered from a first-century fort ditch at Vindolanda on the north-west frontier of the Roman Empire. Ancient DNA analysis revealed the skeleton to be that of a male individual and forensic taphonomic analysis suggested a primary deposition of the body in a waterlogged environment with no obvious evidence of formal burial. Occurrences of disarticulated human remains outside a cemetery context are often overlooked in Roman bioarchaeology. This discovery adds to the growing body of literature regarding alternative funerary practice in the Empire, highl

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De Beauclair, Roland. "Funerary rites in a Neolithic nomad community in Southeastern Arabia: the case of al-Buhais 18." Documenta Praehistorica 35 (December 31, 2008): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.35.10.

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Al-Buhais 18 is a Neolithic site in the United Arab Emirates. It consists of a graveyard with more than 420 individuals, an ancient spring, and a campsite. It is interpreted as a central place for a group of mobile herders in the 5th millennium BC. More than 24 000 ornamental objects have been found, many of them in a secure funerary context, making it possible to reconstruct ornamental ensembles, and shedding light on specific rules concerning the way jewellery was worn by different sub-groups of the population. Based on these observations, some hypotheses are developed on the intentions and

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HICKMAN, DAVID. "RELIGIOUS BELIEF AND PIOUS PRACTICE AMONG LONDON'S ELIZABETHAN ELITE." Historical Journal 42, no. 4 (1999): 941–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99008742.

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Since the late 1960s, the English Reformation has often been represented as a process of change forced upon an unwilling people by an educated social elite. The religious system of the elite, by this view, is seen as inimical to a broad range of popular practices and beliefs, with puritan ideology giving extreme expression to socially repressive tendencies. Although recent scholarship has sought to modify this view, the relationship of popular and elite culture in London is still often perceived as confrontational. The present article seeks to examine patterns of religious behaviour among the

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Rhodes, Jill A., Joseph B. Mountjoy, and Fabio G. Cupul-Magaña. "UNDERSTANDING THE WRAPPED BUNDLE BURIALS OF WEST MEXICO: A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF MIDDLE FORMATIVE MORTUARY PRACTICES." Ancient Mesoamerica 27, no. 2 (2016): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536116000262.

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AbstractThis article reports on the discovery of an unusual type of secondary burial found at two Middle Formative sites in the Mascota valley of Jalisco, West Mexico. We examine these burials within a Middle and Late Formative period context as well as a broader temporal context of funerary customs and mortuary programs involving secondary-type burials. Tightly wrapped, elaborately processed bundled burials were recovered at the cemeteries of El Embocadero II and Los Tanques. We report on the human remains from both sites and examine burial context and biological identity to seek explanations

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Sharratt, Nicola. "Tiwanaku's Legacy: A Chronological Reassessment of the Terminal Middle Horizon in the Moquegua Valley, Peru." Latin American Antiquity 30, no. 03 (2019): 529–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.39.

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As in other examples of state collapse, political disintegration of the Tiwanaku state circa AD 1000 was accompanied by considerable cultural continuity. In the Moquegua Valley, Peru, the location of the largest Tiwanaku communities outside the altiplano, settlements and practices associated with this postcollapse cultural continuity are termed Tumilaca. Previous research indicated that Tumilaca was short-lived, with all vestiges of Tiwanaku gone from Moquegua's archaeological record by the thirteenth century when the valley was subsequently characterized by Estuquiña-style materials. This art

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Barfoed, Signe. "The use of miniature pottery in Archaic–Hellenistic Greek sanctuaries. Considerations on terminology and ritual practice." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 11 (November 2018): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-11-06.

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Miniature pottery is a widely encountered group of archaeological material that has been found in domestic, funerary, and predominantly in ritual contexts. Despite the ubiquitous presence of these small vessels, this group is generally understudied and interpretations of its meaning are lacking. Scholarship in the past perceived miniature pottery as cheap, non-functional and unimportant and therefore this pottery was often neglected or sometimes not even published. Interpretations have been sparse and by default it is believed that miniatures were the cheapest dedications the worshipper could

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Attema, P. A. J., G. J. Burgers, M. Kleibrink, and D. G. Yntema. "Case studies in indigenous developments in early Italian centralization and urbanization: a Dutch perspective." European Journal of Archaeology 1, no. 3 (1998): 326–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.1998.1.3.326.

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The authors discuss results of long-term Dutch field projects in three regions in Italy and review case studies taken from these study areas in the light of indigenous developments in early Italian centralization and urbanization. By looking at regional developments in the domains of economy, religious and funerary practice as well as that of social relationships, they arrive at the conclusion that material culture was actively used in indigenous contexts. There is a consequent need for re-definition of centralization and urbanization, which in the Italian context are often seen as non-indigen

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Waring, Luke. "What the Single Bamboo Slip Found in Mawangdui Tomb M2 Tells Us about Text and Ritual in Early China." T’oung Pao 106, no. 1-2 (2020): 56–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10612p03.

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Abstract A single bamboo slip was found at Mawangdui tomb M2 inside the passageway leading to the pit where Li Cang (d. ca. 186 BCE), the Marquis of Dai and Prime Minister of Changsha, was buried. Though almost entirely unnoticed in previous scholarship, the M2 slip has much to tell us about the overlapping textual, ritual, administrative, and funerary practices of early Western Han China. I offer a description of the slip, translations of its contents, a consideration of how it was used at the tomb site, and an analysis of what its archaeological context tells us about the use of talismans in

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