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Journal articles on the topic 'Funerary contexts and practices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Cristante, Mariana Alves Pereira. "ARQUEOLOGIA DAS PRÁTICAS MORTUÁRIAS DE GRUPOS TUPINAMBÁ E GUARANI." CLIO Arqueológica 33, no. 2 (2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.20891/clio.v33n2p184-245.

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Este trabalho trata da variabilidade de contextos funerários associados a grupos Tupinambá e Guarani das regiões do Paranapanema, alto Paraná e regiões próximas dos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Fizemos a análise de material cerâmico, contextos funerários, remanescentes humanos, características dos sítios e fontes etnohistóricas, e essas análises combinadas nos trouxeram diversas considerações a serem feitas sobre a interpretação dos contextos, sua variabilidade, as vasilhas funerárias e a relação entre vivos e mortos para esses grupos. ARCHEOLOGY OF THE MORTUAL PRACTICES OF TUPINAMBÁ

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Dussol, Lydie, Michelle Elliott, Grégory Pereira, and Dominique Michelet. "The use of Firewood in Ancient Maya Funerary Rituals: A Case Study from Rio Bec (Campeche, Mexico)." Latin American Antiquity 27, no. 1 (2016): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.27.1.51.

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In this paper, we examine wood charcoal assemblages that were recovered from ash layers in Terminal Classic (A.D. 800–950) burials at the Maya site of Rio Bee to understand the use of fuel wood in funerary rites. Compared to charcoal deposits from domestic and non-funerary contexts, the spectrum of wood taxa used in the burial deposits is unique, which suggests specific fire-related practices. Members of the Sapotaceae family and Cordiasp. dominated all contexts and were clearly primary fuels. In contrast, the use of pine (Pinus sp.), which does not grow locally today, was limited to ritual pr

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Diogo de Souza, Camila. "The walking dead: Identity, variability, and cultural interactions of funerary behaviors between Crete and mainland Greece during the Early Iron Age (11th to 8th BC)." Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 9, no. 1 (2024): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jhaas.2024.09.00295.

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This paper aims to examine funerary contexts of sites in mainland Greece and compare them with sites on the island of Crete in Ancient Mediterranean during the Early Iron Age, in the period of circa the 11th until the 8th centuries BC. From an integrative approach to the analysis and interpretation of material culture from funerary contexts allow us to understand aspects of the space of the dead, aspects of mortuary practices and their role in the configuration of the historical context of the rise and formation of the polis, especially during the 8th century BC. The comparative analyses also

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Charalambidou, Xenia. "IRON AGE MORTUARY PRACTICES AND MATERIAL CULTURE AT THE INLAND CEMETERY OF TSIKALARIO ON NAXOS: DIFFERENTIATION AND CONNECTIVITY." Annual of the British School at Athens 113 (November 2018): 143–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245418000102.

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Naxos, the largest of the Cycladic islands, offers a nuanced insight into Iron Age funerary behaviour in the Cyclades and relations between social groups as reflected in the archaeological record. The focus of this paper is the cemetery of Tsikalario in the hinterland of the island, with emphasis on two burial contexts which exhibit a range of activities related to funerary ceremonies and the consumption of grave-offerings. The grave-tumuli found in the Tsikalario cemetery comprise a mortuary ‘phenomenon’ not found otherwise on Naxos during the Early Iron Age. Such a differentiation in mortuar

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Sanhueza, Lorena. "Gender and Age in Funerary Practices in the Ceramic Periods in Central Chile." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30, no. 3 (2020): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000013.

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The Ceramic Periods in central Chile are a scenario of major changes in mobility and subsistence systems, associated with the incorporation of cultigens as the basis of subsistence. In this paper, we present a study of the funerary contexts of the Ceramic Periods in central Chile in order to assess whether in this scenario, generally considered very significant in the low-scale societies studied here, gender categories were constructed or signified, and how this changed over time. The results of the analysis suggest that gender categorization was not always important in this scenario. Among Ll

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Magni, Paola Annarosa, Abigail Dianne Harvey, and Edda Emanuela Guareschi. "Insects Associated with Ancient Human Remains: How Archaeoentomology can Provide Additional Information in Archaeological Studies." Heritage 6, no. 1 (2023): 435–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6010023.

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Archaeoentomology is the study of insects and other arthropods recovered from an archaeological site; they can be found in association with ancient human and animal remains, food, artefacts or they can be related to the environment and its changes throughout the time. Within archaeoentomology, the branch of “funerary archeoentomology” considers insects and other arthropods especially in association with human remains in funerary and burial contexts. The presence and the location of certain insect species closely associated with or nearby the remains, can be valuable in gathering information ab

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Wilkin, Neil C. A. "Grave-goods, contexts and interpretation: towards regional narratives of Early Bronze Age Scotland." Scottish Archaeological Journal 33, no. 1-2 (2011): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2011.0022.

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This paper proposes that a contextual approach is required to make the most of the rich and diverse evidence for Early Bronze Age funerary practices in Scotland. It reviews the spatial patterning of the principal funerary traditions and identifies significant regional differences in their popularity by region. The chronological relationship between Beaker and Food Vessel burials is then reviewed in the light of new radiocarbon dates. Both distributional and chronological factors then contribute to a refined, regional and contextual approach to Beaker typology. The paper concludes by bringing t

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Moura, Ilca Pacheco da Costa, Viviane Maria Cavalcanti de Castro, and Sérgio Francisco Serafim Monteiro da Silva. "PRÁTICAS FUNERÁRIAS NO SÍTIO DO PILAR, BAIRRO DO RECIFE – PE." CLIO – Arqueológica 37, no. 1 (2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2448-2331.2022.254546.

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Este artigo trata do estudo do contexto arqueológico das práticas funerárias dispensadas aos 30 indivíduos escavados durante as pesquisas do Sítio do Pilar, bairro do Recife, Pernambuco. Este estudo originou-se do questionamento sobre quais seriam as características do ciclo funerário a partir de uma amostra de sepultamentos escavados no Pilar. Partindo de dados publicados em pesquisas anteriores, como a datação relativa (período colonial), indivíduos masculinos, adolescentes e adultos e uma organização dos corpos similar a outros cemitérios militares, a hipótese é de que o cemitério pertenceu

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Sun, Wen. "Sectarian and Secular: Lay Perspectives in Stūpa Burials at Mount Zhongnan During the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–906)." Religions 16, no. 1 (2025): 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16010053.

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The canonical limitations on stūpa burial for ordinary monks and prohibitions on non-Buddhist stūpas underwent significant changes in medieval China. A key question emerges when considering how the use of stūpas expanded beyond honoring the Buddha and saints to include lay individuals. People’s interpretation of stūpas—whether they were clergy or lay followers—varied based on their distinct social contexts, living circumstances, and religious beliefs. This article examines lay participation in the stūpa forest at Mount Zhongnan in Chang’an during the seventh and eighth centuries, drawing prima

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Standen, Vivien G., Bernardo Arriaza, Calogero M. Santoro, and Mariela Santos. "La Práctica Funeraria En El Sitio Maestranza Chinchorro Y El Poblamiento Costero Durante El Arcaico Medio En El Extremo Norte De Chile." Latin American Antiquity 25, no. 3 (2014): 300–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.25.3.300.

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We discuss Chinchorro mortuary practices during the Middle Archaic (7000-5000 B.P.) as demonstrated by 12 funerary contexts excavated at the site of Maestranza Chinchorro, northern Chile. First we describe each of the funerary contexts. Then we discuss the variability of mortuary practices, the configuration of multiple burials, the mortuary treatment of human fetuses, lifestyle, and paleopathology. We conclude that mortuary practices are heterogeneous and that not all subjects received elaborate treatment. Mortuary ritual focused on the seven infants in the group, which included two fetuses o

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Babić, Staša, and Zorica Kuzmanović. "Atenica: u potrazi za izgubljenim spalištem." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 11, no. 3 (2016): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v11i3.1.

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Symbolic and cult practices of a community undoubtedly play an important role in the formation of funerary contexts. On the other hand, in the absence of written records on these practices, archaeologists are inclined to base their interpretations upon generalized and simplified ideas on “primitive cults”, such as “solar cult”. In this line of inference, technical aspects of the record are neglected in order to obtain the preconceived symbolic “messages”. Among the princely graves of the Central Balkans, the mounds in Atenica near Čačak have long represented the only example of this type of fu

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Chicoine, David. "Death and Religion in the Southern Moche Periphery: Funerary Practices at Huambacho, Nepeña Valley, Peru." Latin American Antiquity 22, no. 4 (2011): 525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.525.

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AbstractThis article explores religion, death, and mortuary practices in the Southern Moche (A.D. 1-800) periphery as viewed through the excavation of grave contexts at the site of Huambacho, Nepeña Valley, Peru. Moche influence reached Nepeña as is visible in the construction of religious buildings at the site of Pañamarca and the presence of Moche style ceramics at several sites. In 2003 and 2004, scientific excavations at Huambacho, an Early Horizon center mainly built and occupied during the first millennium B.C., yielded a series of intrusive graves containing Gallinazo, Virú, and Moche s

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Pantoja Perez, Tess, and Josie Méndez-Negrete. "Burial Practices Expose Identity Formation: Muerte y figura hasta la sepultura." Association of Mexican American Educators Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24974/amae.13.1.447.

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An examination of identity formation and its performative qualities or ways in which one enacts identity emerged as a result of a study of racially segregated cemeteries in a rural South Texas town, a practice that continues to dictate how burials are carried out, according to race. Fieldwork, archives, and pláticas, made visible the historical origins of funerary practices for the primary author—whose family lives in Nixon, Texas. Along with documenting funerary practices, this study explores the ways in which Pantoja Perez’s ancestors creatively camouflaged ethnicity to disidentify with thei

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Reiter, Samantha S., Niels Algreen Møller, Bjarne Henning Nielsen, et al. "Into the fire: Investigating the introduction of cremation to Nordic Bronze Age Denmark: A comparative study between different regions applying strontium isotope analyses and archaeological methods." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0249476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249476.

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Changes in funerary practices are key to the understanding of social transformations of past societies. Over the course of the Nordic Bronze Age, funerary practices changed from inhumation to cremation. The aim of this study is to shed light on this fundamental change through a cross-examination of archaeometric provenance data and archaeological discussions of the context and layouts of early cremation graves. To this end, we conducted 19 new provenance analyses of strontium isotopes from Early Nordic Bronze age contexts in Thisted County and Zealand and Late Bronze Age contexts from Thisted

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Mușat, Nicoleta. "Tradition. Some Observations." Analele Universității de Vest. Seria Științe Filologice, no. 59 (January 2022): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.35923/autfil.59.14.

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Starting from a classic text regarding tradition, considered a product of modern societies that contribute to its invention and use in various contexts, the present paper connects results from field research conducted in two places in Banat. By using ethnographic description, it analyses how tradition manifests today, either in its patrimonialised dimension, through the Swabian practices from Deta, or in its living dimension, in the form of funerary rites from Denta.

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Millaire, Jean-François. "The Manipulation of Human Remains in Moche Society: Delayed Burials, Grave Reopening, and Secondary Offerings of Human Bones on the Peruvian North Coast." Latin American Antiquity 15, no. 4 (2004): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141584.

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Abstract A careful reexamination of funerary contexts suggests that Moche (ca. A.D. 100–800) graves were not simply spaces for the disposal of decaying corpses, but contexts periodically revisited by certain members of Moche society. The dynamic nature of funerary practices is documented through an examination of delayed burials. It is argued that these were the product of two distinct ritual processes, one of which involved the storage of corpses to be used as retainers in subsequent rituals. The practice of grave reopening is also explored, leading to the identification of different types of

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Claeys, Johan, Katrien Van de Vijver, Elena Marinova, Sam Cleymans, Patrick Degryse, and Jeroen Poblome. "Magical practices? A non-normative Roman imperial cremation at Sagalassos." Antiquity 97, no. 391 (2023): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2022.171.

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Many thousands of burials have been excavated from across the Roman world, documenting a variety of funerary practices and rites. Individual burials, however, sometimes stand out for their atypical characteristics. The authors report the discovery of a cremation burial from ancient Sagalassos that differs from contemporaneous funerary deposits. In this specific context, the cremated human remains were not retrieved but buried in situ, surrounded by a scattering of intentionally bent nails, and carefully sealed beneath a raft of tiles and a layer of lime. For each of these practices, textual an

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Sala, Nohemi, Edgar Téllez, Andion Arteaga-Brieba, et al. "Iberian Neandertal fossils: Exploring funerary practices in a paleoclimatic context." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 66 (October 2025): 105316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105316.

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Borda, Kevin, Bernardette Mercieca-Spiteri, Paolo Spadaro, and Carlo Veca. "The Perseverance of Archaeology: New Data from a Rescue Investigation at Triq Fejġel in Rabat and its Contribution to the Punic and Roman Maltese Funerary Context." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2021): 128–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0129.

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Abstract The Maltese funerary context during the Punic and Roman times is documented from discoveries and archaeological reports primarily from the twentieth century. Notwithstanding, documentation standards in the first half of the last century were such as to provide limited archaeological data to properly understand the context, phasing and ritual. The combination of robust policy-driven archaeological monitoring procedures together with a scientific excavation of reported discoveries is essential to provide fresh archaeological data which must necessarily be published within adequate time

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Vampelj Suhadolnik, Nataša. "Death in Beijing." Poligrafi 24, no. 93/94 (2019): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2019.191.

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Alma Maximiliane Karlin (1889–1950) was a world traveller, writer, journalist, and collector from Slovenia. She embarked on an eight-year journey around the world in November 1919, in the course of which she published a series of travel sketches in the Cillier Zeitung, a local German-language newspaper. In one of these she reported on funerary rituals and mourning practices in China. After returning to Europe, she was to cover the same topic in her three‑volume travelogue, published between 1929 and 1933. In this paper we analyse these two early accounts of Chinese funerary rituals by Al

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Roedel, Luísa De Assis. "Theoretical Perspectives to Archaeology of Mortuary practices: a brief overview." Habitus 15, no. 2 (2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/hab.v15i2.5339.

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This paper intends to discuss the general alignments of major theoretical approaches when it comes to archaeological studies about cemeteries and funerary practices. I seek to bring examples of executed researches in different mortuary contexts and analyze how contrasting academic orientations allow us to answer distinct questions. Through discussions made mainly in the Brazilian and North American scenario I aim to assemble general boundaries which point to a common way of some theories, although it will not show all the variability of these various approaches.   Perspectivas teór

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Thompson, Jess E., Sofia Panella, Thomas J. Booth, et al. "Histotaphonomic analysis of bone bioerosion reveals a regional framework of diverse deathways in the Neolithic of Southeast Italy." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0304058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304058.

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The wide diversity of Neolithic funerary practices is increasingly recognised. In Southeast Italy, recent studies have drawn attention to the co-existence of multiple ways of treating the dead within single sites and across the region. In this study, we address how such diverse deathways form a regional framework of ritual practice through histotaphonomic analysis of bone bioerosion. Samples were obtained from articulated, semi-articulated and disarticulated remains from four sites in Apulia which each presented different modes of treatment and disposal of the dead. Bone thin sections were ana

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Mayo Torné, Julia, Carlos Mayo Torné, Mercedes Guinea Bueno, Miguel Ángel Hervás Herrera, and Jesus Herrerín López. "Approach to the Study of the Phenomenon of Multiple Burials at El Caño, Panama." Latin American Antiquity 31, no. 1 (2020): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.99.

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In this article we present a study that seeks to explain the nature of, and the mortuary practices behind, the burials containing multiple individuals at the site of El Caño, Panama (part of the “Gran Coclé” archaeological tradition, ca. AD 700–1000). We set out to test our first impression of these burials as products of sumptuous funerals held upon the death of the rulers that included, among other practices, human sacrifice. With this in mind, our research aims to elucidate the status relationships between individuals, the circumstances of their deaths, and the religious and symbolic signif

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Cooper, Anwen, Duncan Garrow, Catriona Gibson, and Melanie Giles. "Covering the Dead in Later Prehistoric Britain: Elusive Objects and Powerful Technologies of Funerary Performance." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 85 (August 30, 2019): 223–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2019.8.

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This paper examines the containment and covering of people and objects in burials throughout later prehistory in Britain. Recent analyses of grave assemblages with exceptionally well-preserved organic remains have revealed some of the particular roles played by covers in funerary contexts. Beyond these spectacular examples, however, the objects involved in covering and containing have largely been overlooked. Many of the ‘motley crew’ of pots and stones used to wrap, cover, and contain bodies (and objects) were discarded or destroyed by antiquarian investigators in their quest for more immedia

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Castro, Viviane Maria Cavalcanti de. "SÍTIO FURNA DO ESTRAGO, PE: Práticas Funerárias e Marcadores de Identidades Coletivas." CLIO Arqueológica 33, no. 2 (2018): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.20891/clio.v33n2p330-371.

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Este artigo apresenta o estudo dos marcadores de identidades coletivas na materialidade das estruturas funerárias do sítio pré-histórico Furna do Estrago, localizado no Município do Brejo da Madre de Deus, Pernambuco, Brasil. Como resultado, registrou-se: presença de colares e uso de envoltório em fibra vegetal, indicadores de representação material de identidades coletivas - elementos recorrentes na maioria dos indivíduos sepultados - e a existência de elementos indicadores de identidades vinculados à idade dos indivíduos. No sítio Furna do Estrago o contexto funerário apresentou marcadores d

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Laffranchi, Zita, Marco Milella, Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez, et al. "As above, so below: Deposition, modification, and reutilization of human remains at Marmoles cave (Cueva de los Marmoles: Southern Spain, 4000–1000 cal. BCE)." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0291152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291152.

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The deposition and manipulation of human remains in natural caves are well known for the Neolithic of Southern Iberia. The cultural meaning of these practices is however still largely unclear. Cueva de los Marmoles (CM, Priego-Córdoba) is one of the most important cave contexts from Southern Spain, which returned a large number of commingled skeletal remains suggesting its funerary use from the Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age. Here we discuss CM from a chronological and cultural perspective based on new radiocarbon, anthropological, and taphonomic analyses. These include the estimation of the

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Lopez-Costas, Olalla. "Taphonomy and burial context of the Roman/post-Roman funerary areas (2nd to 6th centuries AD) of A Lanzada, NW Spain." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 12 (July 21, 2015): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i12.111.

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Although in the post-Roman transition (Late Antiquity) intense socioeconomic, cultural and environmental changes took place in NW Iberia, their impact in the life of local communities is barely known. The funerary rites and burial are processes deeply rooted in societies, hence their modifications may reveal helpful aspects to understand the aforementioned transition. To reach this objective and improve our knowledge on the local lifestyle, I analyzed and compared the taphonomy, or post-mortem alterations, of burials from A Lanzada necropolis. This is one of the few sites in NW Spain where two

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Tuccia, Fabiola, Consuelo Rodriguez, Giorgia Giordani, Maria Eulàlia Subirà, Vittorio Mazzarello, and Stefano Vanin. "Evaluation of a Subsequent Deposition of Human Bodies in a Funerary Site in Sardinia (Italy) Using Entomological Evidence." Heritage 8, no. 2 (2025): 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8020068.

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Environmental elements, such as insects, plants, algae and microbes, may provide important information when reconstructing and interpreting past events. In archaeological contexts, the study of the insects associated with dead bodies can contribute to describe funerary practices. Funerary archaeoentomology is increasingly being utilized; however, there is a lack of application in ancient contexts, thousands of years old. During archaeological excavations carried out at the Filigosa archaeological site (Sardinia, Italy), a prehistoric grave cut named Domus de Janas was found. This type of grave

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Ivison, Eric A. "Funerary monuments of the Gattelusi at Mytilene." Annual of the British School at Athens 87 (November 1992): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015240.

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Five fragments from the tombs of the Gattelusi dynasty of Lesbos are presented, which were originally published by F.W. Hasluck in BSA 15 (1908–9). The monuments are published in detail for the first time, and are placed in the context of contemporary Byzantine and Genoese funerary monuments at Constantinople and in the Aegean. The identification of a church, recently excavated within the Kastro, with the Gattelusi burial church is also discussed, with remarks touching upon the mortuary practices of Latin rulers in the Levant. A final section attempts to attribute the tombs to members of the d

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Alexandridou, Alexandra. "The “Dipylon” vases and their graves: the end of exclusivity in Early Iron age Athens." Revista M. Estudos sobre a morte, os mortos e o morrer 7, no. 14 (2022): 342–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2525-3050.2022.v7i14.342-361.

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Choosing the “Dipylon vases" as a point of departure, the present article explores the funerary practices in Athens and Attica during the middle of the eighth century and the Late Geometric I period closely associated with the date during the ninth and the second half of the eighth centuries. Rather than the funerary iconography of these vases, the context is set at the heart of the discussion. The interest is placed on the burials marked in this special way and, more importantly, on the identity of their occupants who deserved this special type of memorization, accomplished through these clay

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Larentis, Omar, Nelly Cattaneo, Paolo Lampugnani, et al. "An Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Late Islamic Cemeteries Within the Cathedral (15th–18th Century CE) and the Ruins of Adulis (Mid-19th–Early 20th Century CE), Massawa, Eritrea: Funerary Architecture, Funerary Rituals, Burial Rites, and Bioarcheological Data Identifying Late Islamic Graves in Central Eastern Eritrea." Heritage 8, no. 1 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8010001.

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Systematic studies on Late Islamic cemeteries that integrate architectural, ritual, and biological aspects remain relatively rare, particularly in Islamic countries or regions with an active Muslim presence. Typically, available research focuses more on epigraphic and artistic features. Since 2018, excavations at the Cathedral and surveys in the ruins of the city of Adulis (Massawa, Eritrea) have uncovered 326 Muslim graves: six dating to the 15th and 18th centuries CE and 320 attributed to the mid-19th to the early 20th century CE. These discoveries have enabled, for the first time in Eritrea

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Branca, Natalie M. "From the Ashes of the Bronze Age." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 37, no. 1 (2024): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jma.31713.

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This paper surveys the published evidence for thermally altered human remains on Cyprus from mortuary contexts dating to the Iron Age (Cypro-Geometric and Cypro-Archaic periods), while outlining new theoretical perspectives and scientific approaches resulting from the development of analytical methods that have expanded the potential for specialists to study such remains on the island through the lens of funerary taphonomy. Most of our current knowledge of ancient fire-related bodily transformations such as cremation comes from regions where thermally altered human remains are frequently found

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Santucci, Anna, and J. P. Uhlenbrock. "Cyrene Papers: The Final Report. Richard Norton's Exploration of the Northern Necropolis of Cyrene (24 October 1910 – 4 May 1911): From Archives to Archaeological Contexts." Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 9–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026371890000964x.

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AbstractThe rock-cut tombs of Cyrene's Northern Necropolis have survived to the present day in a pitifully ruinous state because of the looting that has taken place since antiquity and because of their frequent re-use as dwellings or stables. An important archive of typewritten reports, photographs, sketches, and correspondence pertaining to this necropolis is preserved principally in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and documents the first officially-sanctioned archaeological excavation at Cyrene. This was conducted by an American archaeological mission lead by Richard Norton from October 19

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Chase, Diane Z., and Arlen F. Chase. "Maya Multiples: Individuals, Entries, and Tombs in Structure A34 of Caracol, Belize." Latin American Antiquity 7, no. 1 (1996): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3537015.

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It is commonly assumed in both the public and professional perceptions of Maya archaeology that tombs serve as time capsules, each representing a single event, and that burials of single individuals were the normal interment type, at least during the Late Classic period (A.D. 550-800). The investigation of Caracol Structure A34 provides excellent examples of tomb re-entry as well as of multiple-individual interment in sealed contexts, both of which contradict current assumptions. Analyses of the excavations also embody a true conjunctive approach by utilizing stratigraphy, osteology, artifacts

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Mustață, Mariana. "Social Identities in Roman Children’s Burials. Roman Cemetery at Apulum-Dealul Furcilor." Ephemeris Napocensis 30 (February 10, 2021): 39–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2020.30.39.

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The children’s graves from the cemetery at Apulum-Dealul Furcilor are a category of archaeological contexts that is worth studying because too little is known about the funerary treatments of the children from Roman Dacia. These graves contain the material remains of a number of practices that could indicate the perceived social identities of the child and the mourners. These coded identities can be deciphered by using statistical analyses, the process of understanding the archaeological assemblages being eased in this way. However, a proper interpretation of these contexts requires the incorp

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Massa, Michele. "Early Bronze Age burial customs on the central Anatolian plateau: a view from Demircihöyük-Sarıket." Anatolian Studies 64 (2014): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154614000064.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the analysis of the cemetery of Demircihöyük-Sarıket, for which exists one of the largest Early Bronze Age funerary datasets published to date in Anatolia. The size and quality of the sample allow the dataset to be approached quantitatively, to determine both normative and anomalous funerary practices, and to detect distinct patterns of burial treatment for different segments of the population represented in the cemetery. Despite the small size of the community (ca 100–130 people), the results suggest a rather complex picture, in which the choice of specific buria

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Heffron, Yağmur. "Paraphernalia of Funerary Display at Kaneš." Altorientalische Forschungen 47, no. 1 (2020): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2020-0006.

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AbstractThe Hittite royal funerary ritual šalliš waštaiš prescribes gold pieces to be placed on the eyes and mouth of the deceased. This is consistent with the manner in which thin sheets of hammered gold are reported to have been found on the faces of occupants of in-house graves in the Lower Town of Kültepe, ancient Kaneš. Mouth-pieces of unmistakable similarity have also turned up in great numbers in Late Bronze Age graves on Cyprus, most notably at Enkomi. Beyond comparison with the šalliš waštaiš text, gold eye- and mouth-pieces from Kaneš have received little attention. This contribution

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Carver, Genevieve. "Pits and Place-making: Neolithic Habitation and Deposition Practices in East Yorkshirec. 4000–2500 BC." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 78 (2012): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027134.

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This article presents the findings of a study which sought to explore the nature of Neolithic habitation practices in east Yorkshire, primarily using evidence from pits. The morphology of pits and material deposited into them were examined in order to discern the kinds of activities taking place close by, and the possible motivation behind pits being dug. The temporality, spatial organisation, and landscape distribution of pits was considered in conjunction with information from domestic features, artefact spreads, and monumental and funerary features in order to create a coherent image of the

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Honzl, Jiří. "‘Deo Magno Mercurio Adoravit…’ – The Latin Language and Its Use in Sacred Spaces and Contexts in Roman Egypt." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 42, no. 2 (2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/anpm.2021.006.

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The use of Latin in the multilingual society of Roman Egypt was never more than marginal. Yet, as a language of the ruling power, the Roman Empire, Latin enjoyed to some extent a privileged status. It was generally more widely applied in the army, as well as on some official occasions, and in the field of law. Less expectably, various Latin inscriptions on stone had religious contents or were found in sacred spaces and contexts. Such texts included honorary and votive inscriptions, visitors’ graffiti, and funerary inscriptions. All three groups are surveyed and evaluated focusing especially on

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Sánchez-Quinto, Federico, Helena Malmström, Magdalena Fraser, et al. "Megalithic tombs in western and northern Neolithic Europe were linked to a kindred society." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 19 (2019): 9469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818037116.

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Paleogenomic and archaeological studies show that Neolithic lifeways spread from the Fertile Crescent into Europe around 9000 BCE, reaching northwestern Europe by 4000 BCE. Starting around 4500 BCE, a new phenomenon of constructing megalithic monuments, particularly for funerary practices, emerged along the Atlantic façade. While it has been suggested that the emergence of megaliths was associated with the territories of farming communities, the origin and social structure of the groups that erected them has remained largely unknown. We generated genome sequence data from human remains, corres

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Lebedev, Maksim. "Non-Standard Old Kingdom Burials in the Context of Egyptian Ideas about the Afterlife." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp2221931.

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The paper deals with the problem of identifying and analyzing non-standard (alternative, deviant, extraordinary, atypical) Egyptian burials of the Old Kingdom (27th—22nd centuries BCE). On the territory of the Nile Valley, non-standard features are usually recorded in orientation of the body of the deceased or its position, manipulations with the body (skeleton) parts, incompleteness of the body (skeleton), and other features that are not consistent with the common burial rite. The problems associated with the study of ancient Egyptian non-normative burial practices are considered in connectio

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Almeida, Nelson J., and António Valera. "Faunal Remains Associated with Human Cremations: The Chalcolithic Pits 16 and 40 from the Perdigões Ditched Enclosures (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal)." Open Archaeology 8, no. 1 (2022): 765–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0246.

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Abstract Different funerary behaviors are recorded in the Iberian Peninsula during Late Prehistory. Cremation is not the most common practice and the association between human cremains and fauna is even scarcer. We present two Chalcolithic pits (pits 16 and 40) from the Perdigões ditched enclosures, Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal. Humans were accompanied by animals and other votive materials such as arrowheads, ivory anthropomorphic figurines, and marble idols. Differences between the two contexts are discussed regarding the selection of faunal anatomical parts, the abundance of species, and

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Cleary, Kerri. "Broken Bones and Broken Stones: Exploring Fragmentation in Middle and Late Bronze Age Settlement Contexts in Ireland." European Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 3 (2017): 336–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.61.

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This article examines the evidence for fragmentation practices on Middle–Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–700bc) settlement sites in Ireland by looking at two kinds of material: human remains, both burnt and non-burnt, and quern stones. It highlights evidence for the manipulation of non-burnt skulls through ‘de-facing’ and the potential retention of cranial and other fragments for ‘burial’ in settlements. It also explores the more difficult task of determining whether incomplete skeletal representation in cremated remains can be interpreted as deliberate fragmentation, and how the context of depositio

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Moje, Jan, and Marius Gerhardt. "Die bilingue Opfertafel der Tasuchion aus dem Fayum (Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum ÄM 11631)." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 151, no. 1 (2024): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2022-0006.

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Summary Publication of an early Roman offering table for the woman Tasouchion. The table probably came from the Fayum and was inscribed with a rare bilingual Hieroglyphic-Greek inscription. The Hieroglyphic text contains a ritual, while the Greek text offers a Greek version of the well-known and wide-spread Latin epitaph sit tibi terra levis. Both texts are analyzed in the context of ancient funerary practices.

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Christin, Lucie, Franck Ducreux, Carole Fossurier, et al. "Crémations et monument funéraire campaniformes à Genlis « le Nicolot » (Côte-d’Or, France)." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 118, no. 4 (2021): 643–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2021.15248.

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The building of the high-speed rail track linking the Rhine to the Rhone led to the discovery of two Bell Beaker burials in an Iron Age cemetery located in the plain to the east of Dijon. The Tilles plain is an alluvial environment, shaped by the valleys of the Tille and the Ouche and populated since Late Prehistory, particularly during the Bell Beaker and Early Bronze periods, which have yielded settlements located on the rivers. These burials are the first funerary features discovered in the area. The two Bell Beaker cremation burials excavated at Genlis “ le Nicolot” are remarkable, as stil

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Coccato, Alessia, Germana Barone, Paolo Mazzoleni, and Jonathan Prag. "Initial investigations of rubricated inscriptions from Roman Sicily: Comparing the material evidence with ancient writers’ ideals." Technè 57 (2024): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/12cw2.

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Although the polychromy of ancient statuary has become a regular topic in archaeological discussions, in part thanks to archaeometrical analyses, little attention has been given to such aspects in the field of epigraphy. The aim of this paper is to identify analytically the red pigments employed in inscriptions from southeastern Sicily in the Roman period (1st-6th c. CE), and to investigate the relationship between actual material practice and ancient terminology. Minimally invasive identification of cinnabar (mercuric sulphide) on some funerary and honorific inscriptions aligns with Pliny’s s

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Aluai Sampaio, Hugo, and Ana M. S. Bettencourt. "Between the valley and the hill top. Discoursing on the spatial importance of Pego’s Bronze Age necropolis, Braga (Northwest of Portugal)." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 10 (July 21, 2014): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i10.82.

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This work reports the data which has been recovered from the excavation of Sector II of Pego. Among other kinds of evidence, that area encompasses traces of funerary practices dating back to the Bronze Age.Based upon the local’s choice, the structures’ architectonic features, their interrelations, materials associated and strati-graphy and in the carbon dating results available we have proposed different uses and occupation phases.Although certain materials reflect human presence during later periods, the frequency of that area denounce three occu-pation moments datable from between the Middle

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De Spiegeleer, Christoph. "Secularization and the Modern History of Funerary Culture in Europe : Conflict and Market Competition Around Death, Burial and Cremation." Trajecta. Religion, Culture and Society in the Low Countries 28, no. 2 (2019): 169–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tra2019.2.002.desp.

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Abstract This article connects the history of attitudes toward death and funerary practices in 19th- and 20th-century Europe to the ongoing discussion on secularization. It emphasizes how recent scholarship on the history of death ‐ following broader trends within religious studies ‐ has abandoned the standard modernization-narrative of secularization, and moved to view the issue through the prism of conflict and market competition. Depending on the historical context and the Church-State relationship, a conflict and/or market competition perspective can deepen our understanding of the secular

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Mazel-Nguyen, Claire. "Transformations et pouvoirs de l'effigie pendant la Contre-Réforme : le portrait funéraire au XVIIe siècle (Rome, Paris)." Studiolo 4, no. 1 (2006): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/studi.2006.1162.

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The transformations and the power of the effigy during the Counter-Reformation : funerary portraiture in the seventeenth century (Rome, Paris) The 1620s to 1640s in Rome, and 1650s in Paris, were the setting of a profound change in sculpted portraiture, which attempted representations "così al vivo". The funerary context of many of these portraits leads one to consider this artistic development in relation with the profound change in pastoral practices surrounding death and salvation during the Counter-Reformation. Where portraiture had once depicted the deceased in anticipation as time stood

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Pastor, Sonia Carbonell. "Techniques for the Documentation, Registration and Analyses of Rock-Cut Tombs." Studies in Digital Heritage 4, no. 1 (2020): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v4i1.30463.

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The Archeology of Death, a line emerged within the processualist theoretical position, meant great advances in issues related to the study of the funeral ancient practices, mainly through anthropological studies. However, we do not always have deposits or primary contexts, usually we find the graves looted, pillaged or modified since ancient times. In this sense, this work intends to constitute a methodological example of approach to the knowledge of the funerary sphere of a society through the application of new technologies for those cases in which we do not have any type of information refe

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