Journal articles: 'Fungal colonies'

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Novakovic, Milana, Maja Karaman, Dragan Radnovic, Predrag Radisic, and Branko Sikoparija. "Monitoring of fungal spores in the indoor air of preschool institution facilities in Novi Sad." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 124 (2013): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1324297n.

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Fungal spores can cause a range of health problems in humans such as respiratory diseases and mycotoxicoses. Since children are the most vulnerable, the presence of fungal spores in the facilities of preschool and school institutions should be investigated readily. In order to estimate air contamination by fungal spores, air sampling was conducted in eight facilities of the preschool institution in Novi Sad during February and March, 2007. Sedimentation plate method was used for the detection of viable fungal spores, mostly being members of subdv. Deuteromycota (Fungi imperfecti). In 32 samples a total of 148 colonies were developed, among which five genera were identified: Penicillium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Acremonium while non-sporulating fungal colonies were labeled as sterile mycelia. Most frequently recorded genera were Penicillium with 46 colonies and Cladosporium with 44 colonies. The genera Aspergillus and Alternaria were represented with 3 colonies each and Acremonium with only 1 colony. The greatest number of colonies emerged in the samples from the day care facilities ?Vendi? (58 colonies) and ?Panda? (49 colonies). Most diverse samples were obtained from the day care center ?Zvoncica?, with presence of all identified genera. These results showed notable presence of fungal spores in the indoor air of Preschool institution facilities and indicated the need for further, more complete seasonal research. Obtained information is considered useful for the evaluation of potential mycofactors that endanger health of children.

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Shamsi, Shamim, Najmun Naher, Md Tajul Islam Chowdhury, and AKM Wahiduzzaman. "Seasonal variation of Aeromycoflora in vegetable market of karwan bazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 38, no. 1 (August 27, 2014): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i1.20211.

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Aeromycoflora in relation to occurrence and prevalence, their seasonal variation and distribution of fungal spores in air was studied from October, 2010 to September, 2011. During the study a total of 31 fungal species belonging to 18 genera of fungi were isolated and identified. Total fungal colony count was 2308. The highest occurrence and prevalence of fungi was contributed by Aspergillus niger 1075 colonies, Penicillium spp. 582 colonies, Aspergillus fumigatus 167, A. flavus 112 colonies, Rhizopus sp. 121 colonies, Candida spp. 39 colonies, Chladosporium spp. 36 colonies, Syncephalestrum sp. 25 colonies, and Fusarium spp. 14 colonies. Lowest colony countwas recorded one, in Aspergillus ustus, Drechslera sp., Nigrospora sp. and Ulocladium sp. Maximum fungal pollutants were found 339 in July, 2010 at temperature 27.12°C and moisture 84.2% during the wet and rainy days and declined in January, 2011 when temperature and moisture label decreased to 20.26°C and 59.5%, respectively. Highest colony density was recorded in July, 2011, it was moderate in February and March, 2011. Lowest colony density was recorded in January and May, 2011 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i1.20211 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 1, 49-59, 2014

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Manguilimotan, Lebeth C., and Jayzon G. Bitacura. "Biosorption of Cadmium by Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Coastal Water and Sediments." Journal of Toxicology 2018 (October 22, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7170510.

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The use of microorganisms in decontaminating the environment encumbered with heavy metal pollutants through biosorption is considered as a good option for bioremediation. This study was conducted to isolate Cadmium (Cd) tolerant fungi from coastal waters and sediments, compare their biosorption capabilities, and identify the isolates with the highest Cd uptake. Water and sediment samples were collected near the effluent sites of industrial belt in Ibo, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu, Philippines. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates containing Cd (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) were used to isolate Cd tolerant fungi from the samples. The distinct colonies that grew on the highest Cd concentration (100 ppm) were then isolated into pure cultures. The pure cultures of Cd tolerant fungi served as a source of inocula for in vitro biosorption assay using Cd dissolved in potato dextrose broth (PDB) as the substrate. Cd tolerant fungal isolates with the highest Cd uptake were finally identified up to the lowest possible taxon based on their colonial and microscopic characteristics. Most filamentous fungal colonies have grown most at the lower Cd concentrations and least at the higher concentrations. From the characteristics of the fungal growth on the plate with the highest Cd concentration, eight distinct colonies from both sediment and water samples were isolated into pure cultures. Among the eight fungal isolates, only three had significant Cd biosorption efficiency, these were fungal isolate 3 (13.87 %), fungal isolate 6 (11.46 %), and fungal isolate 4 (10.71 %). Two of them (fungal isolates 3 and 4) belong to genus Aspergillus while the other (fungal isolate 6) is a species of Penicillium. The results of this study showed that Cd tolerant fungi with biosorption capacity could be isolated from coastal water and sediments in the vicinity of areas suspected of heavy metal contamination.

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Guryanov, Dmitry Valeryevich, Viktor Dmitrievich Khmyrov, and Yuliya Viktorovna Guryanova. "Aeration bioreactor-electric decontamination of droppings." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i4pp75-78.

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The article deals with decontamination during the processing of manure into organic fertilizer by an electric field of direct current. As a result of decontamination of the litter in this way, there is a significant destruction of fungal colonies. Microscopic analysis of the quantitative composition of fungal colonies was performed. The analysis showed that the fungal colonies of Mucor and Bacillus are reduced by 43 and 20 percent, respectively. It was revealed that the method of electric disinfection and processing of manure into organic fertilizer is low-cost, effective and environmentally safe.

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Falconer, Ruth E., James L. Bown, Eilidh McAdam, Paco Perez-Reche, Adam T. Sampson, Jan van den Bulcke, and Nia A. White. "Modelling fungal colonies and communities: challenges and opportunities." IMA Fungus 1, no. 2 (November 18, 2010): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2010.01.02.07.

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Ivarsson, Magnus, Stefan Bengtson, Henrik Skogby, Veneta Belivanova, and Federica Marone. "Fungal colonies in open fractures of subseafloor basalt." Geo-Marine Letters 33, no. 4 (February 3, 2013): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-013-0321-7.

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Augustyniuk−Kram, Anna, Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska, Małgorzata Korczak−Abshire, Maria Olech, and Maria Lityńska−Zając. "An analysis of fungal propagules transported to the Henryk Arctowski Antarctic Station." Polish Polar Research 34, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2013-0015.

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AbstractDuring three austral summer seasons, dust and soil from clothes, boots and equipment of members of scientific expeditions and tourists visiting the Polish Antarctic Station Henryk Arctowski were collected and analysed for the presence of fungal propagules. Of a total of 60 samples, 554 colonies of fungi belonging to 19 genera were identified. Colonies of the genus Cladosporium, Penicillium and non−sporulating fungus (Mycelia sterilia) dominated in the examined samples. The microbiological assessment of air for the presence of fungi was also conducted at two points in the station building and two others outside the station. A total of 175 fungal colonies belonging to six genera were isolated. Colonies of the genus Penicillium were the commonest in the air samples. The potential epidemiological consequences for indigenous species as a result of unintentional transport of fungal propagules to the Antarctic biome are discussed in the light of rapid climate change in some parts of the Antarctic and adaptation of fungi to extreme conditions.

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Samuels, A. L., A. D. M. Glass, D. L. Ehret, and J. G. Menzies. "Distribution of silicon in cucumber leaves during infection by powdery mildew fungus (Sphaerotheca fuliginea)." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-020.

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The distribution of silicon in the leaf epidermis of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in hydroponic nutrient solutions supplemented with soluble silicates was examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Silicon was found primarily in cells surrounding the bases of the trichome hairs. During infection by Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.:Fr.) Poll., areas of host cell wall adjacent to the germinating hyphae showed altered surface morphology and high concentrations of silicon. Measurements of total hyphal length per colony showed the fungal colonies grown on silicate-treated plants were significantly smaller than fungal colonies grown on control plants. In the early stages of infection, the presence of high silicon surrounding colonies was correlated with lower fungal growth. Key words: silicon, x-ray analysis, hydroponics, Cucumis sativus, Sphaerotheca fuliginea.

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Nielsen, Charlotte, Anurag A. Agrawal, and Ann E. Hajek. "Ants defend aphids against lethal disease." Biology Letters 6, no. 2 (November 18, 2009): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0743.

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Social insects defend their own colonies and some species also protect their mutualist partners. In mutualisms with aphids, ants typically feed on honeydew produced by aphids and, in turn guard and shelter aphid colonies from insect natural enemies. Here we report that Formica podzolica ants tending milkweed aphids, Aphis asclepiadis , protect aphid colonies from lethal fungal infections caused by an obligate aphid pathogen, Pandora neoaphidis . In field experiments, bodies of fungal-killed aphids were quickly removed from ant-tended aphid colonies. Ant workers were also able to detect infective conidia on the cuticle of living aphids and responded by either removing or grooming these aphids. Our results extend the long-standing view of ants as mutualists and protectors of aphids by demonstrating focused sanitizing and quarantining behaviour that may lead to reduced disease transmission in aphid colonies.

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Horner, W. Elliott, Anthony G. Worthan, and Philip R. Morey. "Air- and Dustborne Mycoflora in Houses Free of Water Damage and Fungal Growth." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 11 (November 2004): 6394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.11.6394-6400.2004.

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ABSTRACT Typically, studies on indoor fungal growth in buildings focus on structures with known or suspected water damage, moisture, and/or indoor fungal growth problems. Reference information on types of culturable fungi and total fungal levels are generally not available for buildings without these problems. This study assessed 50 detached single-family homes in metropolitan Atlanta, Ga., to establish a baseline of “normal and typical” types and concentrations of airborne and dustborne fungi in urban homes which were predetermined not to have noteworthy moisture problems or indoor fungal growth. Each home was visually examined, and samples of indoor and outdoor air and of indoor settled dust were taken in winter and summer. The results showed that rankings by prevalence and abundance of the types of airborne and dustborne fungi did not differ from winter to summer, nor did these rankings differ when air samples taken indoors were compared with those taken outdoors. Water indicator fungi were essentially absent from both air and dust samples. The air and dust data sets were also examined specifically for the proportions of colonies from ecological groupings such as leaf surface fungi and soil fungi. In the analysis of dust for culturable fungal colonies, leaf surface fungi constituted a considerable portion (>20%) of the total colonies in at least 85% of the samples. Thus, replicate dust samples with less than 20% of colonies from leaf surface fungi are unlikely to be from buildings free of moisture or mold growth problems.

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Yarden, Oded, Tracy D. Ainsworth, George Roff, William Leggat, Maoz Fine, and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg. "Increased Prevalence of Ubiquitous Ascomycetes in an Acropoid Coral (Acropora formosa) Exhibiting Symptoms of Brown Band Syndrome and Skeletal Eroding Band Disease." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 8 (February 16, 2007): 2755–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02738-06.

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ABSTRACT The prevalence of coral-associated fungi was four times higher in diseased Acropora formosa colonies than in healthy colonies. Since taxonomically related fungal species were isolated from diseased and healthy colonies, we suggest that their association with coral may be constitutive but that their abundance is dependent on coral health.

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Cwalina-Ambroziak, Bożena, and Tomasz P. Kurowski. "Shaping of the fungal communities isolated from yellow lupin seeds (Lupinus luteus L.) throughout storage time." Acta Agrobotanica 58, no. 2 (2012): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2005.066.

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The object of the experiment were seeds of two traditional cultivars of yellow lupin (Juno and Amulet) cultivated in 1999 in two crop-rotation with 20% and 33% yellow lupine contribution. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the fungal community colonizing the seeds were determined in the laboratory conditions after 0.5-, 1.5- and 2.5-year of storage time. In total 1077 fungal colonies were isolated from the lupin seeds. Fungi representing the species of Penicillium - 29.3%, Alternaria alternata - 26.7% and Rhizopus nigricans - 12.7% were isolated most widely. Among the fungi pathogenic to lupin, the species of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (16.3% isolates) was dominant. The crop rotation with 20% lupin reduced the number of fungal colonies colonizing the seeds including the pathogens from the species of C. gloeosporioides. Seed disinfection decreased the total number of fungal colonies isolated from both cultivars. Higher number of C. gloeosporioides isolates was found in the combination with disinfected seeds. More fungal colonies were obtained from seeds of cv. Amulet than from those of cv. Juno. The storage duration had an effect on the population and the composition of species of fungi isolated from seeds of yellow lupine. With longer storage population of Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus spp. increased, whereas the population of C. gloeosporioides decreased.

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Buchner, Julia, Mark Irle, Christophe Belloncle, Franck Michaud, and Nicola Macchioni. "Fungal and bacterial colonies growing on weathered wood surfaces." Wood Material Science & Engineering 14, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1443975.

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Li, Xian, Tengfei Zhang, and Shugang Wang. "Aerosolization of Aspergillus niger spores from colonies on different positions of a circular tube." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102030.

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Subject to the blowing air, fungal spores can be aerosolized from the colonies growing on cooling coils. The blowing air may accelerate and decelerate when passing a coil. The caused spore detachment may be different, when the fungal colonies grow on different positions of the coil. This study investigated the aerosolization of Aspergillus niger spores from a colony on a circular tube in a wind tunnel. The colony was first cultured in the carved groove along the longitudinal tube, and then the spores were aerosolized by a gradual increase of the blowing air speed. The grown colony on four different positions of the coil surface were blown for aerosolization. In addition, the airflow surrounding the circular tube was numerically solved to estimate the drag force for aerosolization of the spores. The results revealed that the collected airborne spores when the colonies were located tangentially to the upcoming airflow were six to eight times of those when the colonies were located parallel with the upcoming airflow for both the 4-day-old and 10-day-old colonies. The local air speeds in different positions of the tube were highly different from the inlet air speed of the wind tunnel. Such difference should be accounted for when estimating the drag force to aerosolize the fungal spores on the coils.

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Lifshitz, Nofar, Lena Hazanov, Maoz Fine, and Oded Yarden. "Seasonal Variations in the Culturable Mycobiome of Acropora loripes along a Depth Gradient." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081139.

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Coral associated fungi are widespread, highly diverse and are part and parcel of the coral holobiont. To study how environmental conditions prevailing near the coral-host may affect fungal diversity, the culturable (isolated on potato dextrose agar) mycobiome associated with Acropora loripes colonies was seasonally sampled along a depth gradient in the Gulf of Aqaba. Fragments were sampled from both apparently healthy coral colonies as well as those exhibiting observable lesions. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 197 fungal sequences, Ascomycota were the most prevalent (91.9%). The abundance of fungi increased with increasing water depth, where corals sampled at 25 m yielded up to 70% more fungal colony forming units (CFUs) than those isolated at 6 m. Fungal diversity at 25 m was also markedly higher, with over 2-fold more fungal families represented. Diversity was also higher in lesioned coral samples, when compared to apparently healthy colonies. In winter, concurrent with water column mixing and increased levels of available nutrients, at the shallow depths, Saccharomytacea and Sporidiobolacea were more prevalent, while in spring and fall Trichocomacea (overall, the most prevalent family isolated throughout this study) were the most abundant taxa isolated at these depths as well as at deeper sampling sites. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the culturable coral mycobiome and its sensitivity to environmental conditions and coral health.

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Raudabaugh, Daniel B., Nelda A. Rivera, Gretchen C. Anchor, Elizabeth Bach, Andrew N. Miller, and Nohra E. Mateus-Pinilla. "Preliminary Study of Cave Sample Storage Conditions on Fungal Community Diversity." Diversity 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050188.

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We investigated the effect of varying storage time and storage temperature on fungal species’ isolation as part of a case study of Illinois cave sediment samples. A deeper understanding of cave fungal communities may influence eco-epidemiology studies of emerging or re-emerging cave fungal pathogens. Using culture-dependent techniques, we isolated geophilic fungi from homogeneous cave sediment samples from three Illinois caves. Each sample was stored under five different temperatures ranging from −80 °C to 22 °C. Cave sediment was periodically removed at five different time periods from 48 h to 1 year, serially diluted with distilled water, lawn plated onto two different media, and monitored for fungal colonies. We isolated colonies and confirmed identity through nrDNA sequence similarity. Our results suggest that storage time was more important than storage temperature for the isolation of a wide diversity of geophilic fungal taxa. Importantly, our results show that varying storage conditions will alter both the kind of taxa and abundance of those taxa, suggesting that comparative studies of fungal diversity across studies should employ similar storage conditions. Lastly, future investigations should utilize multiple genetic markers because the fungal barcode region lacked species-level resolution for many isolates within common Illinois geophilic fungal genera.

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Uddin, Md Nazim, Gulshan Ara Latifa, Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder, Shamim Shamsi, and Abdullah Al Nayeem. "Analysis of ambient airborne mycoflora around Curzon hall campus, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Stamford Journal of Microbiology 9, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v9i1.45656.

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The indoor and outdoor air is an important source of aeroallergens and pathogens. Monthly samplings were recorded during September to November 2018 to investigate the airborne mycoflora concentration in Curzon hall campus, University of Dhaka. The fungal colonies developed in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media were isolated from four different locations in the morning, noon and evening in monthly intervals. A total number of counted fungal colonies were 2,681 in which 924, 928 and 829 colonies were found in the morning, noon and evening time, respectively. Among the identified fungi, Aspergillus spp. was one of the most predominant genera in all the stations over the study period followed by Penicillium spp. Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp. and Trichoderma. The identified fungi belonged to eight genera under the class Ascomycetes, Zygomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Among the fungal isolates, Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus spp. were previously reported as pathogenic to plants and/or humans and strongly allergenic to human being. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 32-35

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Ivarsson, M. "Subseafloor basalts as fungal habitats." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 2 (February 29, 2012): 2277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-2277-2012.

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Abstract. The oceanic crust is believed to host the largest potential habitat for microbial life on Earth, yet, next to nothing is known about this deep, concealed biosphere. Here fossilised fungal colonies in subseafloor basalts are reported from three different seamounts in the Pacific Ocean. The fungal colonies consist of various characteristic structures interpreted as fungal hyphae, fruit bodies and spores. The fungal hyphae are well preserved with morphological characteristics such as hyphal walls, septa, thallic conidiogenesis, and hyphal tips with hyphal vesicles within. The fruit bodies consist of large (~50–200 μm in diameter) body-like structures with a defined outer membrane and an interior filled with calcite. The fruit bodies have at some stage been emptied of their contents of spores and filled by carbonate forming fluids. A few fruit bodies not filled by calcite and with spores still within support this interpretation. Spore-like structures (ranging from a few μm:s to ∼20 μm in diameter) are also observed outside of the fruit bodies and in some cases concentrated to openings in the membrane of the fruit bodies. The hyphae, fruit bodies and spores are all closely associated with a crust lining the vein walls that probably represent a mineralized biofilm. The results support a fungal presence in deep subseafloor basalts and indicate that such habitats were vital between ∼81 and 48 Ma, and probably still is. It is suggested that near future ocean drilling programs prioritize sampling of live species to better understand this concealed biosphere.

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Ivarsson, M. "Subseafloor basalts as fungal habitats." Biogeosciences 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2012): 3625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3625-2012.

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Abstract. The oceanic crust is believed to host the largest potential habitat for microbial life on Earth, yet, still we lack substantial information about the abundance, diversity, and consequence of its biosphere. The last two decades have involved major research accomplishments within this field and a change in view of the ocean crust and its potential to harbour life. Here fossilised fungal colonies in subseafloor basalts are reported from three different seamounts in the Pacific Ocean. The fungal colonies consist of various characteristic structures interpreted as fungal hyphae, fruit bodies and spores. The fungal hyphae are well preserved with morphological characteristics such as hyphal walls, septa, thallic conidiogenesis, and hyphal tips with hyphal vesicles within. The fruit bodies consist of large (∼50–200 µm in diameter) body-like structures with a defined outer membrane and an interior filled with calcite. The fruit bodies have at some stage been emptied of their contents of spores and filled by carbonate-forming fluids. A few fruit bodies not filled by calcite and with spores still within support this interpretation. Spore-like structures (ranging from a few µm to ∼20 µm in diameter) are also observed outside of the fruit bodies and in some cases concentrated to openings in the membrane of the fruit bodies. The hyphae, fruit bodies and spores are all closely associated with a crust lining the vein walls that probably represent a mineralized biofilm. The results support a fungal presence in deep subseafloor basalts and indicate that such habitats were vital between ∼81 and 48 Ma.

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Javaid, Arshad, Freeha Anjum, Rashid Mahmood, and Naureen Akhtar. "Relationship between soil chemical characteristics and soil-borne fungi in tomato tunnels of Punjab, Pakistan." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i3.47719.

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Soil pH, ECe, N, K, P and organic matter in 12 soil samples collected from different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tunnels were in the range of 7.7 - 8.3, 0.40 - 2.45 dS/cm, 0.02 - 0.10%, 40 - 282 ppm, 12 - 123 ppm and 0.42 - 2.02%, respectively. A total of 20 fungal species belonging to ten genera, namely Aspergilus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Drechslera, Emericella, Fusarium, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium and Sclerotium were isolated from the soil samples using direct and dilution plate techniques. Total number of fungal colonies ranged from 450 - 2700/g soil in different soil samples. Among these, number of colonies of saprophytic and pathogenic fungi were 432 - 2070 and 10 - 954/g soil sample, respectively. Number of pathogenic colonies was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter and N. The soil organic matter and nitrogen favoured population of pathogenic fungi in tomato tunnels.

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Robson, G. D., S. D. Bell, P. J. Kuhn, and A. P. J. Trinci. "Glucose and Penicillin Concentrations in Agar Medium Below Fungal Colonies." Microbiology 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-133-2-361.

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Majeed, Hayder Abdulrahman, and Quthama Jasim Seger. "Isolation and Identification of Two Fungal Colonies Exhibiting Antagonistic Growth." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 13, no. 4 (2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00307.4.

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Mayer, Veronika E., Maximilian Nepel, Rumsais Blatrix, Felix B. Oberhauser, Konrad Fiedler, Jürg Schönenberger, and Hermann Voglmayr. "Transmission of fungal partners to incipient Cecropia-tree ant colonies." PLOS ONE 13, no. 2 (February 21, 2018): e0192207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192207.

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Falconer, Ruth E., James L. Bown, Nia A. White, and John W. Crawford. "Biomass recycling: a key to efficient foraging by fungal colonies." Oikos 116, no. 9 (September 2007): 1558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15885.x.

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Khandaker, Md Maniruzzaman, Md Raju Ahmed, Md Matiur Rahim, Md Tariqul Hassan, and Maksuda Begum. "Determination of Mycoflora and Mycotoxins in Raw and Roasted Peanuts in Bangladesh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 04 (October 31, 2019): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i04.5.

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Mycoflora and mycotoxin contamination are major challenges in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production, trading and health concern to humans and animals. A total of 24 peanut samples out of which 12 were raw and 12 were roasted; were collected from different places in Bangladesh. These samples were examined for detection of mycoflora and mycotoxin. The mycoflora associated with the peanuts belonged to 11 fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Alternaria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Rhizopus and Trichoderma and frequencies of occurrence ranged from 0.33% to 71.95%. Aspergillus (71.95%) was the most dominant while the least was Trichoderma (0.33%). The fungal genus Aspergillus was found to be the most occurred (5501 colonies) and Pestalotia was the least occurred (25 colonies) pathogen in all samples. The highest number of fungal colonies (393) were formed in raw peanut collected from Sadarpur, Faridpur, however, the lowest number of fungal colonies (232) were formed in raw peanut collected from Potuakhali. Aspergillus was available in all the 24 samples. Penicllium was present in 12 raw peanut samples; on the other hand, Rhizopus was present in 12 samples of roasted peanuts. Aflatoxins were detected from 5 raw samples and 3 roasted samples and detection level of total aflatoxin ranged from 1.72 to 8.52 μg kg-1. The highest level of aflatoxin (8.52 μg kg-1) was detected in raw peanuts from Sibchor, Madaripur. Maximum amount of total aflatoxin among the roasted peanut was 6.71 μg kg-1 collected from Chorvodrasan, Faridpur district of Bangladesh. Finding of this study would help us in planning strategies for awareness and management of aflatoxin.

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PURWANTI, SRI, GEMINI ALAM, JASMAL A. SYAMSU, LAILY AGUSTIN, YUSRI SAPSUHA, and LISNAWATY LISNAWATY. "THE EFFECT OF TURMERIC AND GARLIC PHYTOBIOTIC ADDITION WITH DIFFERENT DURATION STORAGE ON THE FUNGAL COLONY IN FEED." JURNAL PETERNAKAN 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jupet.v13i2.2421.

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Turmeric and garlic phytobiotic contain bioactive substances, each of which has a function as an antifungal. The study aims to determined to test the ability turmeric and garlic phytobiotic pressed fungal colonies in the feed with different storage time. The data were analyzed by a factorial experimental design with 5 treatments 4 replications and 2 repetitions. The first factor types phytobiotic and the second factor was storage duration. R0 = basal ration (without phytobiotic), R1 = basal ration + 0.3% synthetic antifungal, R2 = basal ration + 2.5% turmeric, R3 = basal ration + 5% garlic, R4 = (basal ration + 2.5% turmeric+ 5% garlic. W0, W1, W2 and W3 respectively with storage time 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Samples were taken from each experimental unit homogeneously. The results showed the average fungal colonies of garlic phytobiotic treatment (26.06±44.76 CFUx103/g) in 2-week storage time (25.20±22.52 CFUx103/g) lower than the provision of synthetic preservatives (57.75±52.03 CFUx103/g) and the control treatment (74.87±70.69 CFUx103/g). Fungal colonies increases rapidly with increasing length of time of storage. The conclusion of this study was that the additon of turmeric and garlic phytobiotic capable as an antifungal in feed.

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Forgan, Angus H., Wolfgang Knogge, and Peter A. Anderson. "Asexual Genetic Exchange in the Barley Pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis." Phytopathology® 97, no. 5 (May 2007): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-5-0650.

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The causal agent of barley scald, Rhynchosporium secalis, is a haploid anamorphic ascomycete with no known sexual stage. Nevertheless, a high degree of genetic variation has been observed in fungal populations on commercial barley cultivars and parasexuality has been suggested to contribute to this variation. In order to test whether asexual genetic exchange can occur, isolates of R. secalis were transformed to hygromycin B resistance or phleomycin resistance. Mixtures of transformants were co-inoculated either on agar or in planta and screened for the occurrence of dual-antibiotic-resistant colonies. No dual-antibiotic-resistant colonies resulted from mixing transformants of different fungal isolates. In contrast, with transformants originating from the same fungal isolate, asexual exchange of markers was demonstrated on agar plates and in planta. This is the first definitive evidence of asexual genetic exchange in R. secalis.

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Brodziak, Łukasz. "Biotic interactions of Lentinus edodeds (Berk.) Sing. with fungi which occur the most frequently in its cultures." Acta Mycologica 16, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1980.012.

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The interaction of the examined fungi was measured as the degree of encirclement of fungal colonies in two-organism cultures, the width of the inhibition yone and the evaluation single species cultures. Three species strongly limited the growth of Lentinus edodes colonies. In the other cases this fungus dominated due to intensive growth of the mycelium.

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Op De Beeck, Michiel, Carl Troein, Syahril Siregar, Luigi Gentile, Giuseppe Abbondanza, Carsten Peterson, Per Persson, and Anders Tunlid. "Regulation of fungal decomposition at single-cell level." ISME Journal 14, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 896–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0583-9.

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AbstractFilamentous fungi play a key role as decomposers in Earth’s nutrient cycles. In soils, substrates are heterogeneously distributed in microenvironments. Hence, individual hyphae of a mycelium may experience very different environmental conditions simultaneously. In the current work, we investigated how fungi cope with local environmental variations at single-cell level. We developed a method based on infrared spectroscopy that allows the direct, in-situ chemical imaging of the decomposition activity of individual hyphal tips. Colonies of the ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Paxillus involutus were grown on liquid media, while parts of colonies were allowed to colonize lignin patches. Oxidative decomposition of lignin by individual hyphae growing under different conditions was followed for a period of seven days. We identified two sub-populations of hyphal tips: one with low decomposition activity and one with much higher activity. Active cells secreted more extracellular polymeric substances and oxidized lignin more strongly. The ratio of active to inactive hyphae strongly depended on the environmental conditions in lignin patches, but was further mediated by the decomposition activity of entire mycelia. Phenotypic heterogeneity occurring between genetically identical hyphal tips may be an important strategy for filamentous fungi to cope with heterogeneous and constantly changing soil environments.

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Cosgrove, Lee, Paula L. McGeechan, Geoff D. Robson, and Pauline S. Handley. "Fungal Communities Associated with Degradation of Polyester Polyurethane in Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 18 (July 27, 2007): 5817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01083-07.

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ABSTRACT Soil fungal communities involved in the biodegradation of polyester polyurethane (PU) were investigated. PU coupons were buried in two sandy loam soils with different levels of organic carbon: one was acidic (pH 5.5), and the other was more neutral (pH 6.7). After 5 months of burial, the fungal communities on the surface of the PU were compared with the native soil communities using culture-based and molecular techniques. Putative PU-degrading fungi were common in both soils, as <45% of the fungal colonies cleared the colloidal PU dispersion Impranil on solid medium. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that fungal communities on the PU were less diverse than in the soil, and only a few species in the PU communities were detectable in the soil, indicating that only a small subset of the soil fungal communities colonized the PU. Soil type influenced the composition of the PU fungal communities. Geomyces pannorum and a Phoma sp. were the dominant species recovered by culturing from the PU buried in the acidic and neutral soils, respectively. Both fungi degraded Impranil and represented >80% of cultivable colonies from each plastic. However, PU was highly susceptible to degradation in both soils, losing up to 95% of its tensile strength. Therefore, different fungi are associated with PU degradation in different soils but the physical process is independent of soil type.

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Yang, Lv, Chen Guang Liu, Bai Lin Fu, and Jia Wei. "Identification, Analysis of Fungal Microorganisms on Filter of Central Air Conditioning System." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.565.

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As air conditioning system long-time running, microorganism like bacterium and fungus propagates easily in high humidity environment such as filter equipment. After the microorganism entering indoor environment through air conditioning system, the air quality would be affected seriously. Air conditioning system which is regarded as potential microbial pollution source is becoming more attention. The study was about isolation and identification of fungal microorganisms on the filter surface of the central air conditioning system in a gymnasium, and then researching on the colonies and mycelium grown and reproduce regular of fungal microorganisms in different thermal environment using thermal methods, aim to lay groundwork of propagation and diffusion mechanism study of fungal microorganisms in air conditioning system and effective air microbial contamination solve by thermal methods. By physiology biochemistry experiment and molecular biological identification, it was shown that the dominant fungi were Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp., colonies were 600 cfu/cm2 and 140 cfu/cm2 respectively.

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Leclerc, Jean-Baptiste, Jennifer Pinto Silva, and Claire Detrain. "Impact of soil contamination on the growth and shape of ant nests." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 7 (July 2018): 180267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180267.

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As entomopathogens are detrimental to the development or even survival of insect societies, ant colonies should avoid digging into a substrate that is contaminated by fungal spores. Here, we test the hypotheses that Myrmica rubra ant workers (i) detect and avoid fungus-infected substrates and (ii) excavate nest patterns that minimize their exposure to entomopathogenic spores. Small groups of M. rubra workers were allowed to dig their nest in a two-dimensional sand plate of which one half of the substrate contained fungal spores of Metarhizium brunneum , while the other half was spore-free. We found that the overall digging dynamics of M. rubra nests was not altered by the presence of fungus spores. By contrast, the shape of the excavated areas markedly differed: control nests showed rather isotropic patterns, whereas nests that were partially dug into a fungus-contaminated substrate markedly deviated from a circular shape. This demonstrates that the sanitary risks associated with a digging substrate are key factors in nest morphogenesis. We also found that M. rubra colonies were able to discriminate between the two substrates (fungus-infected or not). Furthermore, some colonies unexpectedly showed a high consistency in excavating mainly the infected substrate. This seemingly suboptimal preference for a contaminated soil suggests that non-lethal doses of fungal spores could help ant colonies to trigger ‘immune priming’. The presence of fungi may also indicate favourable ecological conditions, such as humid and humus-rich soil, that ants use as a cue for selecting suitable nesting sites.

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Hasanah, Nurul, Nurhayana Sennang, and Benny Rusli. "ASPERGILLUS GLAUCUS GROUP DAN PENICILLIUM SP DI RUANG OPERASI BEDAH SARAF." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 21, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v21i2.1100.

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Nosocomial infections occur widely in the world, most of them were in the poor and developing countries, because those infectiondiseases were still the mayor cause of high morbidity and mortality. All microorganisms including fungi may cause nosocomial infection.The fungal as opportunistic pathogens can threat immunocompromised patients such as neurosurgical patients and HIV/AIDS patients.The aim of this study was to identify the fungal species found in the neurosurgery and HIV/AIDS rooms at Dr. Wahidin SudirohusodoHospital Makassar. This study was a cross sectional study. The sample was the air in neurosurgery operating theater and HIV/AIDSward collected using Micro biology Air Sampler 100. The identification of fungal species using lacto phenol cotton blue stain were done inBalai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Makassar in the period of June up to July 2010. The amount of fungal colonies in the neurosurgeryroom was 36 CFU/m3 and the identified fungi were Aspergillus’s glaucus group and Penicillum sp. The amount range of fungal coloniesin HIV/AIDS ward were 102–158 CFU/m3 and the identified fungi were: Aspergillus’s Niger, Aspergillus’s glaucus group and Penicilliumsp. Based on this study it can be concluded that only Aspergillus’s glaucus and Penicillium sp were found in the neurosurgery operatingtheater and HIV/AIDS ward, while Aspergillus’s Niger was only found in the HIV/AIDS ward.

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Chusaeni, Amana F., Gunawan Wibisono, and Tira H. Skripsa. "Pengaruh Paparan Gas Ozon terhadap Jumlah Koloni Jamur Candida albicans." e-GiGi 9, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/eg.9.2.2021.32332.

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Abstract: Candida albicans is one of the pathogenic fungal species which causes oral infections. One of the methods to minimize the risk of fungal infection is by application of asepsis procedure through gargling with antiseptics. Ozone has high oxidative properties, therefore, it is considered as an antiseptic agent. Plasma Study Center of Diponegoro University has developed an ozone generator machine which opens up an opportunity to identify ozone properties as an antiseptic in controlling the number of fungal colonies, especially Candida albicans. This study was aimed to identify the effects of ozone exposure on the number of fungal colonies of Candida albicans. This was a laboratory experimental study with one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 32 samples of Candida albicans suspensions were divided into two groups (16 each). Group 1 was not treated with ozonation, while group 2 were ozonated. Then, the two groups were cultured in SDA media using the spread plate method and were incubated for 48 hours. The data were obtained by calculating the number of fungal colonies growing in SDA media. The Wilcoxon test obtained a p-value <0.05, meaning that there were differences in the colony number of Candida albicans before and after ozonation. In conclusion, ozone exposure has a significant effect on the number of fungal colonies of Candida albicans. Further studies are needed adding variables or parameters. Keywords: ozone; fungal colony; Candida albicans Abstrak: Candida albicans merupakan salah satu spesies jamur patogen yang menyebabkan infeksi oral. Salah satu metode untuk meminimalkan risiko infeksi jamur ialah melalui penerapan prosedur asepsis dengan berkumur menggunakan antiseptik. Ozon memiliki kemampuan oksidasi tinggi sehingga dipertimbangkan untuk menjadi bahan antiseptik. Pusat Penelitian Plasma Universitas Diponegoro telah mengembangkan mesin generator ozon yang membuka peluang untuk mengetahui kemampuan ozon sebagai antiseptik dalam mengendalikan jumlah koloni jamur terutama Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh paparan gas ozon terhadap jumlah koloni jamur (Candida albicans). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Sebanyak 32 sampel suspensi jamur Candida albicans dibagi menjadi dua kelompok (masing-masing 16 sampel). Kelompok 1 tidak dilakukan ozonasi dan kelompok 2 dilakukan ozonasi kemudian kedua kelompok dikultur dalam media SDA dengan metode spread plate dan diinkubasi 48 jam. Data diperoleh dengan menghitung jumlah koloni jamur yang tumbuh pada media SDA. Hasil uji statistik Wilcoxon mendapatkan nilai p<0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan jumlah koloni jamur (Candida albicans) sebelum dan setelah pemberian gas ozon. Simpuolan penelitian ini ialah paparan gas ozon berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap jumlah koloni jamur (Candida albicans). Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan penambahan variabel atau parameter.Kata kunci: gas ozon; koloni jamur; Candida albicans

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Thirumala, S., Pradeep Nathu M., and H. B. Aravinda. "A study of air borne fungal distribution and species diversity in Hill Fort Region of Channagiri, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2013): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i2.8203.

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Air borne fungi of Hill fort region of Channagiri is studied with help of Petriplate exposure method using Pottato dextrose agar media, petriplate exposure time is 15min. Sampling is taken in the month of January 2013 total 74 fungal colonies represented 07 fungal types were observed during the present investigation period. Environmental condition plays an importance role in the distribution of the fungal spores. Out of 07 fungal species most numbers of fungi are anamorphic groups. The fungal species were Aspergillus, Pencillium, Curvilaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium Rhizopus, Alternaria species were identified. Aspergillus species (47.2%) showing maximum contribution is observed where as Rhizopus shows minimum contribution.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i2.8203 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(2): 60-62

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Rangsuwan, Sansern, Chainarong Rattanakreetakul, and Ratiya Pongpisutta. "Competency of Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oil Fumigation against Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Isolates." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 3 (July 10, 2021): 1325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.23.

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Aspergillus flavus is a frequent contaminant of maize grain. We isolated this fungus, determined the colony morphology and species (by internal transcribed spacer sequencing) and measured the aflatoxin content. The selected A. flavus fungi were placed into two groups, toxigenic and atoxigenic; both appeared similar morphologically, except that the atoxigenic group lacked sclerotia. An essential oil fumigation test with clove and cinnamon oils as antifungal products was performed on fungal conidial discs and fungal colonies in Petri plates. Cinnamon oil at 2.5 to 5.0 μL/plate markedly inhibited the mycelial growth from conidial discs of both strains, whereas clove oil showed less activity. The oils had different effects on fungal mycelia. The higher clove fumigation doses of 10.0 to 20.0 μL/plate controlled fungal growth, while cinnamon oil caused less inhibition. Compared with atoxigenic groups, toxigenic A. flavus responded stably. Within abnormal A. flavus hyphae, the essential oils degenerated the hyphal morphology, resulting in exfoliated flakes and shrinkage, which were related to fungal membrane injury and collapse of vacuoles and phialide. The treatments, especially those with cinnamon oil, increased the electroconductivity, which suggested a weak mycelium membrane structure. Moreover, the treatments with essential oils reduced the ergosterol content in mycelia and the aflatoxin accumulation in the culture broth. The fumigations with clove and cinnamon oils inhibited the development of both conidia and colonies of A. flavus in dose-dependent manners.

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Lee, Li-Wei, Ching-Hsun Chiou, and John E. Linz. "Function of Native OmtA In Vivo and Expression and Distribution of This Protein in Colonies of Aspergillus parasiticus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 11 (November 2002): 5718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.11.5718-5727.2002.

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ABSTRACT The activities of two enzymes, a 168-kDa protein and a 40-kDa protein, OmtA, purified from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus parasiticus were reported to convert the aflatoxin pathway intermediate sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin in vitro. Our initial goal was to determine if OmtA is necessary and sufficient to catalyze this reaction in vivo and if this reaction is necessary for aflatoxin synthesis. We generated A. parasiticus omtA-null mutant LW1432 and a maltose binding protein-OmtA fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Enzyme activity analysis of OmtA fusion protein in vitro confirmed the reported catalytic function of OmtA. Feeding studies conducted with LW1432 demonstrated a critical role for OmtA, and the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme in aflatoxin synthesis in vivo. Because of a close regulatory link between aflatoxin synthesis and asexual sporulation (conidiation), we hypothesized a spatial and temporal association between OmtA expression and conidiospore development. We developed a novel time-dependent colony fractionation protocol to analyze the accumulation and distribution of OmtA in fungal colonies grown on a solid medium that supports both toxin synthesis and conidiation. OmtA-specific polyclonal antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography using an LW1432 protein extract. OmtA was not detected in 24-h-old colonies but was detected in 48-h-old colonies using Western blot analysis; the protein accumulated in all fractions of a 72-h-old colony, including cells (0 to 24 h) in which little conidiophore development was observed. OmtA in older fractions of the colony (24 to 72 h) was partly degraded. Fluorescence-based immunohistochemical analysis conducted on thin sections of paraffin-embedded fungal cells from time-fractionated fungal colonies demonstrated that OmtA is evenly distributed among different cell types and is not concentrated in conidiophores. These data suggest that OmtA is present in newly formed fungal tissue and then is proteolytically cleaved as cells in that section of the colony age.

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Wig, J. D., Kartar Singh, Y. K. Chawla, and K. Vaiphei. "Cholangitis Due to Candidiasis of the Extra-Hepatic Biliary Tract." HPB Surgery 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/75730.

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A case of isolated candidal fungal balls in the common bile duct causing obstructive jaundice and cholangitis is described. There were no predisposing factors. The fungal balls were removed from the common bile duct and a transduodenal sphincteroplasty was performed. Microscopic analysis yielded colonies of candida. Postoperative period was uneventful. At follow-up no evidence of candida infection was evident. He is now 3 years post-surgery and is well.

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Lima, Swiany Silveira, Ana Karina Rodrigues Abadio, Elza Fernandes Araújo, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, Aloísio Sartorato, and Marisa Vieira de Queiroz. "Mycovirus inPseudocercospora griseola, the causal agent of angular leaf spot in common bean." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 56, no. 5 (May 2010): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w10-022.

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Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & Braun is a widespread fungal phytopathogen that is responsible for angular leaf spot in the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A number of fungal phytopathogens have been shown to harbour mycoviruses, and this possibility was investigated in populations of Pseudocercospora griseola. The total nucleic acid extracts of 61 fungal isolates were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Small fragments (800–4800 bp) could be identified in 42 of the samples. The presence of dsRNA in isolate Ig838 was confirmed by treatment of total nucleic acid with DNase, RNase A, and nuclease S1. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of viral-like particles 40 nm in diameter in the mycelia of 2 fungal isolates, namely 29-3 and Ig838. The transmission of dsRNA by means of conidia was 100% for isolate 29-3, but there was loss of 1–6 fragments of dsRNA in monosporic colonies of isolate Ig848. Cycloheximide treatment failed to inhibit the mycovirus in isolate 29-3, but proved efficient in the elimination of the 2.2, 2.0, 1.8, 1.2 and 1.0 kb fragments in 2 colonies of isolate Ig848. The occurrence of a mycovirus in Pseudocercospora griseola was demonstrated for the first time in the present study.

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Miętkiewicz, Ryszard, and Anna Sapiecha. "Influence of pesticides used potatoes control on the growth of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from potatoes fields." Acta Agrobotanica 48, no. 2 (2013): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1995.017.

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The growth of Metarhizium anisopliae, M.flavoviridae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was estimated on Sabouraud's medium to which insecticides and herbicides were added in three doses: A - 10 times higher from recommended field dose, B - as recommended field dose, C - 10 timer lower than recommended. Fungicides were used in B and C doses as well as in dose D - 100 times lower than recomended one. The fungi were obtained from soil under potatoes using Galleria mellonella as bait insect. Chlorothalonil and copper oxychloride were chosen from fungicides, linuron, MCPA, fluazifop-P-butyl and dikwat - from herbicides and deltamethrin, teflubenzuron and fozalon from insecticides. The growth of both species of Metarhizium was stronger inhibited than of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus by fungicides however colonies of Metarhizium always overpassed 50% controls colonies apart from M. flavoviridae on medium with copper oxychloride at concentration B. Herbicide linuron was more toxic to fungi than fungicides. M. anisopliae and M. fluvoviridae did not grow on medium containing dose A and dose B this herbicide but the colonies of P. fumosoroseus at dose B did not overpass 20% of controlled ones. MCPA and fluazifop-P-butyl inhibited fungal colonies in approximated way. On the medium with these herbicides in concentration A fungal colonies were strongly inhibited and the growth of fungi on medium with MCPA at this concentration appeared not before 5 days after inoculation. Dikwat in dose A strongly inhibited the growth of M. anisopliae but in remaining combinations growth of fungal colonies was similar to controlled ones. Fozalon, among insecticides, inhibited the growth of inwestigated fungi strongest. On the medium containing this insecticide in dose A all fungi did not grow, and in dose B colonies of both species of Metarhizium did not overpass 40% of controlled ones. Deltamethrin in dose A and B inhibited the growth of M. anisopliae and M. flavoviridae, but teflubenzuron did not inhibit growth of entomopathogenic fungi at all concentrations.

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K.S.K.S. Fernando, N.A. Tennakoon, and S. Widanapathirana. "Microbiological properties of root zone of coconut grown in different soil series in Sri Lanka." CORD 20, no. 01 (December 1, 2004): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v20i01.378.

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In Sri Lanka, coconut is cultivated under diverse soil conditions of varying fertility status available in different agro-climatic zones. Although chemical and physical characteristics in some of these soils are known, their biological properties are yet to be studied. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the microbiological parameters in root zone of coconut grown in different soil series. For this study, 20 different soil series in coconut growing area were analyzed for number of total bacterial and fungal colonies, identification of bacteria and fungi, biomass C and N; CO2 evolution and nitrogen mineralization. The microbiological parameters varied with the soil series. The bacterial population densities were significantly (p=0.001) high in Ambakelle, Kalpitiya, Rathupasa and Madampe soil series while the fungal colonies were significantly (p=0.001) high in Thambarawa, Pallama, Wilatawa and Ambakelle soil series.

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LUND, A. "Yeasts and Moulds in the Bovine Rumen." Microbiology 81, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-81-2-453.

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Summary: Only small numbers of fungi were found in the rumen fluid of cattle cultured on agar plates at 39°C, the counts being up to 3500 yeast colonies/ml, with a similar number of mould colonies. However, considerably larger numbers of yeast colonies appeared on plates incubated at 25°C. Nine species of yeasts were isolated belonging to Candida (including corresponding species of Pichia), Trichosporon, Torulopsis, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomycopsis, and Hansenula. The predominating species were Candida krusei, Trichosporon cutaneum and Trichosporon capitatum. The most common moulds were members of the Mucoraceae, of which Absidia corymbifera, A. ramosa, and Mucor pusillus were identified. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated frequently. The fungal content of rumen fluid seemed to be dependent on the diet of the animal, and no particular fungal flora could be associated with the rumen per se. The predominating Candida krusei, and also the rarely-isolated species Torulopsis pintolopesii and Kluyveromyces bulgaricus, could reproduce under anaerobic conditions in vitro, but another commonly occurring yeast, Trichosporon capitatum, was unable to grow under the same conditions. The majority of yeast cells were obviously destroyed during passage through the alimentary tract, whereas large quantities of moulds could be excreted in a viable state.

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Wang, Zhenjie, Ke Sun, Lihui Du, Jian Yuan, Kang Tu, and Leiqing Pan. "Identification and Classification of Fungal Colonies in Moldy Paddy Based on Computer Vision." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 5 (2018): 1497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12797.

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Abstract. In this study, computer vision was used for the identification and classification of fungi on moldy paddy. To develop a rapid and efficient method for the classification of common fungal species found in stored paddy, computer vision was used to acquire images of individual colonies of growing fungi for three consecutive days. After image processing, the color, shape, and texture features were acquired and used in a subsequent discriminant analysis. Both linear (i.e., linear discriminant analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis) and nonlinear (i.e., random forest and support vector machine [SVM]) pattern recognition models were employed for the classification of fungal colonies, and the results were compared. The results indicate that when using all of the features for three consecutive days, the performance of the nonlinear tools was superior to that of the linear tools, especially in the case of the SVM models, which achieved an accuracy of 100% on the calibration sets and an accuracy of 93.2% to 97.6% on the prediction sets. After sequential selection of projection algorithm, ten common features were selected for building the classification models. The results showed that the SVM model achieved an overall accuracy of 95.6%, 98.3%, and 99.0% on the prediction sets on days 2, 3, and 4, respectively. This work demonstrated that computer vision with several features is suitable for the identification and classification of fungi on moldy paddy based on the form of the individual colonies at an early growth stage during paddy storage. Keywords: Classification, Computer vision, Fungal colony, Feature selection, SVM.

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Angarita-Jaimes, N. C., M. G. Roca M., C. E. Towers, N. D. Read, and D. P. Towers. "Algorithms for the automated analysis of cellular dynamics within living fungal colonies." Cytometry Part A 75A, no. 9 (September 2009): 768–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.20750.

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Muthulakshmi, M., B. Anita, and S. Subramanian. "Influence of egg parasitic fungus, Engyodontium aranearum against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.575.

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The indigenous egg parasitic fungal isolates, Engyodontium aranearum was evaluated for its nematicidal potential against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The study revealed 53.75 per cent egg parasitization by the fungal isolate. Fungal colonies grew over the eggs and fungal hyphae penetrated the egg shells resulting in rupturing of egg shell layers, enzymatic digestion and empty eggs. The fungal culture filtrate was found to inhibit egg hatching by 83.42 per cent and caused upto 91.36 per cent juvenile mortality. This isolate also reduced the attraction of infective juveniles towards tomato root by 79.29 per cent. It seems to be a first report on the antinemic property of the fungus E. aranearum against root knot nematode, M. incognita and its effect was found comparable with Paecilomyces lilacinus which is known as an efficient nematode egg parasitic fungus.

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Huang, Zhi Hong, and Yun Gang Wang. "Observation on the Occurrence of Fungal Pathogens of Aphids and the Spreading of the Pathogens with the Dispersal of the Infected Alates in Southern Part of Yunnan, China." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2778.

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It was the first time the survey of entomopathogenic fungi infecting aphids was conducted in this subtropical - tropical region, a great species diversity of fungal pathogens including 9 entomophthorales and 1 hyphomycete entomopathogens were observed. Over 4000 alates of three species aphids were trapped from air, 19.22% of them were infected by fungal pathogens and survived less than 3 days although only 5 of 741 B. brassicae were infected , P. neoaphidis was predominant, and most of the infection occurrence in monsoon season over 75% RH. Infected alates from air have proved highly capable of independently initiating progeny colonies in which the fungal infection could be transmitted.

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47

Sipiczki, Matthias. "Metschnikowia Strains Isolated from Botrytized Grapes Antagonize Fungal and Bacterial Growth by Iron Depletion." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 10 (August 21, 2006): 6716–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01275-06.

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ABSTRACT Noble-rotted grapes are colonized by complex microbial populations. I isolated pigment-producing Metschnikowia strains from noble-rotted grapes that had antagonistic activity against filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. A red-maroon pigment was formed from a diffusible colorless precursor released by the cells into the medium. The conversion of the precursor required iron and could occur both in the cells (red colonies) and in the medium (red halos around colonies). The intensity of pigmentation was correlated with the intensity of the antimicrobial activity. Mutants that did not form pigment also lacked antifungal activity. Within the pigmented halos, conidia of the sensitive fungi did not germinate, and their hyphae did not grow and frequently lysed at the tips. Supplementation of the medium with iron reduced the size of the halos and the inhibition zones, while it increased the pigment accumulation by the colonies. The iron-binding agent tropolone had a similar effect, so I hypothesize that pigmented Metschnikowia isolates inhibit the growth of the sensitive microorganisms by pigment formation, which depletes the free iron in the medium. As the pigment is a large nondiffusible complex produced in the presence of both low and high concentrations of ferric ions, the proposed mechanism is different from the mechanisms operating in microbes that release siderophores into the environment for iron acquisition.

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Tri Astuti, Syahro Ali Akbar, Delsi Afrini, M. Nasir Rofiq, and Irna Humaira. "The identification of fungi colonies total on the rumen content of cow and buffalo with addition of leaves and oil palm frond." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0444.

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This research aimed to determine the fungi colonies total on the rumen content of cattle and buffaloes with the addition of leaves and oil palm fronds incubated for 7 days. Each of the contents of the rumen was added with molasses, soybean soaking water as an energy source for microorganisms, as well as the addition of oil palm fronds and palm leaves to expect the type of fungus that is expected to grow. Calculation of the total colonies fungi in the rumen contents was carried out using total plate count with the dilution method. Complete Random Design by Factorial used to analyze the statistic data. Factor A was the type of rumen content (A1 = rumen of cattle, A2 = buffalo rumen), factor B was the addition of palm fronds (B1 = only rumen contents, B2 = palm oil fronds, B3 = palm leaves, and B4 = palm oil fronds and palm leaves). The results showed that the total number of fungal colonies was significantly higher in the rumen contents of cattle with an average of 509.17 104 CFU / ml. The highest total number of fungal colonies was found in rumen contents with the addition of palm oil fronds, with an average colony number of 655.83 x104 CFU / ml, while the lowest was found in buffalo rumen contents with the addition of palm fronds and palm leaves (106.67x104 CFU / ml). The addition of oil palm fronds and palm leaves to the rumen contents did not have a different effect (p> 0.05).

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Cwalina-Ambroziak, B. "Effect of cropping system on a fungal community colonizing seeds of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.)." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10517-pps.

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The fungal population colonizing the seeds of fodder galega cultivated in pure stand was greater than that cultivated in mixed stand. No significant differences were observed in the species composition of the obtained fungal colonies. In all analyzed combinations, Alternaria alternata was predominantly isolated from the seeds. Other saprophytic fungi were represented by the following species: Epicoccum purpurascens, Cladosporium cladosporioides as well as fungi representing genera Mucorales: Mucor hiemalis and Rhizopus nigricans. Among the pathogens, Botrytis cinerea was most often isolated. The mineral and SNA medium as well as the process of superficial disinfecting of seeds reduced the number of isolated fungi.

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Badran, R. A., and Aida M. El-Zawahry. "Mycoflora of some medicine plants growing in the Egyptian eastern desert." Acta Mycologica 29, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1994.023.

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In total 40 species of fungi belonging to 16 genera were isolated from 2 media: glucose and cellulose-Czapek's. The collective fungal spectrum varied from one plant to another where the highest total count (1903 colonies/g) was obtained from Artemisia cina leaves on glucose-Czapck's and the lowest count (308 colonies) was recorded from Solenostemma argel root on glucose-Czapek's as well. The total number of fungi species varied with the variation of the tested plant.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fungal colonies'

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