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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fungal-Plant Interactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Persson, Mattias. "Cell death and defence gene responses in plant-fungal interactions /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200851.pdf.

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2

Pivato, Barbara. "Ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizas : interactions plant - fungal genotypes and mycorrhizas - bacteria." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS006.

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La première étape de la thèse a consisté à comparer la diversité et la structure génétique des populations de champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (MA) associées à quatre espèces de médiques annuelles. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’abondance des champignons MA différait, indiquant que la structure génétique de la communauté fongique a été influencée par l’espèce végétale. La deuxième étape de ce travail visait à tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle la longue histoire évolutive entre champignons MA et plantes ne se serait pas faite de façon indépendante des bactéries. La structure génétiqu

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3

Murphy, Phillip James. "Plant-fungal interactions during vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza development : a molecular approach." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm9778.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 153-185. Vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza formation is a complex process which is under the genetic control of both plant and fungus. This project aims to develop a model infection system in Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) suitable for molecular analysis; to identify host plant genes differentially expressed during the early stages of the infection process; and to screen a mutant barley population for phenotypes which form abnormal mycorrhizas.

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4

Artursson, Veronica. "Bacterial-fungal interactions highlighted using microbiomics : potential application for plant growth enhancement /." Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005127.pdf.

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5

Baverstock, Jason. "Interactions between aphids, their insect and fungal natural enemies and the host plant." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14397/.

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Multitrophic and intraguild interactions influence the success of biological control. The interactions between Acyrthosiphon pisum, three natural enemies (Pandora neoaphidis, Coccinella septempunctata and Aphidius ervi) and the host plant, Vicia faba, were assessed. Volatiles released from aphid-damaged plants had a direct effect on P. neoaphidis indicating they may act as synomones. However, volatiles did not increase efficacy of the fungus suggesting it is not a bodyguard species. Transmission was greatest during plant colonisation by aphids and was not affected by plant condition. Infection

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6

Butterworth, Lisa A. "Interactions of the pathogen leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces and de Not. and Brassica napus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267462.

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7

Hennecke, Berthold Rembertus. "Host-pathogen interactions between the fungal pathogen Phloeospora mimosae-pigrae and Mimosa pigra, giant sensitive plant /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17081.pdf.

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8

Florek, Olga Barbara. "Improving natural crop resistance to fungal pathogens : biophysical characterisation of plant defence protein interactions with biomembranes." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77824/.

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The mechanism of action of the wheat defence proteins (puroindolines and purothionins) as antifungal agents was investigated by monitoring their interactions with the lipid systems mimicking the structures of the yeast cell membrane. The membrane models used were: monolayers at the air/liquid interface, flat bilayers at the solid/liquid interface and the folded bilayers in aqueous solutions (lipid vesicles). Each lipid model was interacted with defence proteins as single protein or mixed protein systems. The consequent changes in the structures of lipid membranes were then monitored by means o

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9

Merges, Dominik [Verfasser], Eike Lena [Gutachter] Neuschulz, and Meike [Gutachter] Piepenbring. "Mutualistic and antagonistic effects of plant-animal and plant-fungal interactions on plant recruitment at the tree line / Dominik Merges ; Gutachter: Eike Lena Neuschulz, Meike Piepenbring." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120699844X/34.

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10

Gluck, Thaler Emile. "Computational, Evolutionary and Functional Genetic Characterization of Fungal Gene Clusters Adapted to Degrade Plant Defense Chemicals." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555406081422532.

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11

Kunkel, Brian A. "Plant Fungal Endosymbionts Alter Host-Parasite Relationships Between Generalist Herbivores (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and An Entomopathogenic Nematode." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1047328087.

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12

Gracia, Javier. "Lettuce stunt : effect of Pythium populations and interactions between Pythium tracheiphilum and nematodes." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59387.

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This research has focused on the determination of natural populations in the fields, the effect of different inoculum densities on lettuce growth and a study of the association of this fungus with two nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb and Meliodogyne hapla Chitwood). Under conditions of artificial infestation of soil the results were satisfactory, but in trials with naturally infested soil the fungus could not be detected. The effect of different inoculum densities was measured at different stages of growth, and only in those plants inoculated 2 weeks after seeding were differences signif

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13

Andrade, Linares Diana Rocío. "Characterization of tomato root-endophytic fungi and analysis of their effects on plant development, on fruit yield and quality and on interaction with the pathogen Verticillium dahliae." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5137/.

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Non-mycorrhizal fungal endophytes are able to colonize internally roots without causing visible disease symptoms establishing neutral or mutualistic associations with plants. These fungi known as non-clavicipitaceous endophytes have a broad host range of monocot and eudicot plants and are highly diverse. Some of them promote plant growth and confer increased abiotic-stress tolerance and disease resistance. According to such possible effects on host plants, it was aimed to isolate and to characterize native fungal root endophytes from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and to analyze their

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14

Linders, Rico. "On interactions between a wild host plant, a fungal pathogen and an insect herbivore = Over interacties tussen een wilde waardplant, een pathogene schimmel en een herbivoor insekt : (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/18973471X.pdf.

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15

Schmidt, Carsten [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Vidal, Teja [Akademischer Betreuer] Tscharntke, and Petr [Akademischer Betreuer] Karlovsky. "Diversity and distribution patterns of foliar fungal endophytes in Theobroma cacao in Central Sulawesi and interactions between endophytes and host plant / Carsten Schmidt. Gutachter: Stefan Vidal ; Teja Tscharntke ; Petr Karlovsky. Betreuer: Stefan Vidal." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043766421/34.

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16

Cusant, Loïc. "La boîte à outils génétique des champignons mycorhiziens pour les échanges de carbone avec leurs plantes hôtes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5281/.

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La symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules (MA) est une interaction mutualiste entre la plupart des plantes terrestres et des champignons appartenant à l'embranchement des Gloméromycètes. Dans cette interaction, le champignon agit en extension du système racinaire et permet à la plante d'accéder à des minéraux inaccessibles par le seul système racinaire. Les minéraux récupérés dans le sol, particulièrement le phosphore, sont ensuite échangés dans les racines des plantes hôtes contre des molécules carbonées nécessaires à la croissance de ces champignons. Les champignons MA sont en effet dépendants

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17

Gay, Elise. "Dissection transcriptomique de la biologie de Leptosphaeria maculans lors de ses interactions avec son hôte (le colza) et avec un membre du complexe d'espèces, Leptosphaeria biglobosa Large-scale transcriptomics to dissect two years of the life of a fungal phytopathogen interacting with its host plant." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB015.

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Leptosphaeria maculans est un champignon pathogène responsable de la nécrose du collet chez le colza. Son cycle de vie est long et complexe car composé d’une succession d’étapes de colonisation asymptomatiques puis nécrotiques des différents tissus de l’hôte, depuis la colonisation hémibiotrophe des feuilles à l’automne à la nécrose du collet au printemps. Après ces phases infectieuses dans des tissus végétaux vivants, L. maculans vit en tant que saprophyte dans les résidus de culture. Jusqu’ici, l’étude des déterminants moléculaires de la pathogénie chez L. maculans s’est concentrée sur l’ana

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18

Hart, Rodney S. (Rodney Sebastian). "Physical interactions of filamentous fungal spores and unicellular fungi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17371.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is known that many hyphomycetous fungi are dispersed by wind, water and insects. However, very little is known about how these fungi may differ from each other regarding their ability to be disseminated by different environmental vectors. Consequently, to obtain an indication of the primary means of spore dispersal employed by representatives of the genera Acremonium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, isolated from soil and indoor environments, we monitored spore liberation of cultures representing these genera in an airf

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19

Murray, Donna. "Interactions of Pseudomonas fluorescens and soil-borne oomycete plant pathogens in a biological control system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259856.

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20

Chamoun, Rony. "Molecular and metabolic investigation into the fungal-fungal interaction between the soilborne plant pathogen «Rhizoctania solani» and the mycoparasite «Stachybotrys elegans»." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119556.

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Mycoparasitism, the direct attack of one fungus on another, is a complex process that involves sequential events, including recognition, attack and subsequent penetration and killing of the host. The cellular interaction between Stachybotrys elegans a mycoparasite of the soilborne plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani begins with molecular and chemical interactions that lead to expression of several genes or components of signaling pathways, and secretion of many metabolite biomarkers. Transcriptional changes of several mycoparasitism-induced genes (oxidoreductase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, c

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21

Meakem, Victoria. "Induced defenses in apple fruits: linking fruit chemistry, quality, and plant-insect-microbe interactions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99100.

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Plants synthesize a diverse array of phytochemicals in response to interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and commensal microbes. These phytochemicals may simultaneously enhance crop defense and quality, representing a potential pest management strategy. However, plant chemical responses to different types and levels of biotic interactions remain unclear, particularly in fruit tissues, and the feasibility of inducing these defenses through elicitor application in field environments also requires further examination. Thus, apples were used to 1) examine the impact of distinct communities of b

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22

Ortega-Beltran, Alejandro. "Ecology, Distribution, Toxigenicity and Diversity of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungal Communities in Maize Fields of Mexico and Interactions of these Fungi with Native Maize Landraces." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265833.

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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins most frequently associated with the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus flavus. These potent toxins pose serious health threats and their concentrations in foods are widely regulated. Maize, a critical staple of billions, is frequently contaminated with aflatoxins. Development of commercial maize hybrids with superior resistance to aflatoxin contamination has been sought for over 30 years without success. Analyses of native maize land races (MLRs) from Mexico revealed several accessions with significant resistance to both aflatoxin contamination and fungal re

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23

ALOI, Francesco. "Molecular methods for the diagnosis and characterization of phytopathogenic fungi of quarantine concern or causing emerging plant diseases." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/516008.

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In the context of molecular techniques applied to Plant Pathology, this Ph.D. thesis has pursued the following major objectives: i) to develop new diagnostic protocols for fungal pathogens; ii) to study the metabolic and physiological effects determined by new and emerging fungal pathogens; iii) to contribute to develop management strategies of diseases caused by quarantine and/or emerging fungi on plant species typical of the Mediterranean region. To fulfill these objectives, the following specific studies have been developed: • “Fusarium circinatum an emergent and quarantine pathogen of pi

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24

Stübner, Matthias Robert [Verfasser], Rudi F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Vogel, and Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Hückelhoven. "Hydrophobins and Fungispumins : surface active fungal proteins with a role in foam stability of carbonated beverages and fungus-plant interaction / Matthias Stübner. Gutachter: Ralph Hückelhoven. Betreuer: Rudi F. Vogel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101958825X/34.

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25

Martins, Mayra Kassawara. "Variabilidade genética de isolados de Fusarium spp. e estudo da interação com a planta hospedeira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-06062005-153027/.

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O Fusarium spp. é um fungo cosmopolita, compreendendo uma grande quantidade de espécies que são conhecidas por causar doenças em culturas de importância agronômica. Embora, isolados não patogênicos de Fusarium spp. tenham sido descritos, pouco se conhece sobre a variabilidade genética deste grupo, ainda que estejam presentes em inúmeros locais. Assim sendo, este trabalho teve como objetivos ampliar estes conhecimentos, avaliando a variabilidade genética e forma de interação de isolados patogênicos e não patogênicos de Fusarium spp. obtidos de diferentes hospedeiros. Desta forma, 83 isolados d

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26

Ben, M'henni Yosra. "Gestion de la maladie de dépérissement du pommier : criblage in vitro et in planta des activités protectrices d’une collection de microorganismes contre les Pythiacées et caractérisation chimique du principal actif produit par l’isolat A. westerdijkiae A7 Biocontrol and growth promotion potential of combined application of Trichoderma simmonsii and Aspergillus westerdijkiae in Apple root stock dieback." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS127.

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Le dépérissement du pommier est une maladie tellurique causée par plusieurs espèces Pythiacée. Il est responsable de graves dommages et de pertes d'arbres dans de nombreux vergers en Tunisie. Comme la lutte chimique contre cette maladie pose des problèmes éco toxicologiques et les moyens prophylactiques ont des efficacités limitées, d’autres moyens de lutte sont activement recherchés. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’identifier un nouvel agent de lutte biologique contre les oomycètes responsables de cette maladie à partir d’une collection d’isolats fongiques et bactériens Tunisiens comme alte

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27

"TROPICAL PLANTS AND FUNGAL SYMBIONTS: LEAF FUNCTIONAL TRAITS AS DRIVERS OF PLANT-FUNGAL INTERACTIONS." Tulane University, 2019.

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28

Murphy, Phillip James. "Plant-fungal interactions during vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza development : a molecular approach / Phillip James Murphy." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18631.

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Bibliography: leaves 153-185.<br>[ix], 200, [29] leaves, [6] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm.<br>Vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza formation is a complex process which is under the genetic control of both plant and fungus. This project aims to develop a model infection system in Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) suitable for molecular analysis; to identify host plant genes differentially expressed during the early stages of the infection process; and to screen a mutant barley population for phenotypes which form abnormal mycorrhizas.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept.

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29

Klepzig, Kier Dean. "Interactions of stress, plant chemical defenses and subcortical insect-fungal complexes in red pine decline." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31615245.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-242).

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30

Chimwamurombe, P. M. (Percy Maruwa). "Molecular plant-pathogen interactions with special reference to Eucalyptus Grandis polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins and fungal polygalacturonases." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29894.

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Phytopathogenic fungi parasitise plants for survival. Knowledge of the interactions between plants and these fungi is of importance in designing control strategies. In this thesis the interactions of Eucalyptus polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) and fungal polygalacturonases (PGs) were characterised. About thirty years of research on the interaction between PGIPs and PGs was reviewed in Chapter 1. The gene sequences of the mature PGIP peptides from selected Eucalyptus species were determined in Chapter 2. The PGIP genes have very high similarities among themselves, signifying conser

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31

Bongard, Cynthia Lee. "Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungal Colonizers of Plant Roots: A Comparison between the Aggressive Invasives Vincetoxicum rossicum, Alliaria petiolata, and Local Native Plant Species." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35779.

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Soil fungi play an important role in regulating plant communities as well as above and below ground ecosystem-level processes; conversely, plant communities may also affect the structure and functionality of these root-associating fungi. Alteration of these fungal communities due to non-native plant invasion has the potential to disrupt biogeochemical cycling, soil structure, and plant growth. Both beneficial symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as well as the total fungal community are potentially altered by aggressive invasive plant species in such a way as to disrupt exist

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32

Jaber, Lara. "The effects of the root endophytic fungus Acremonium strictum on plant-herbivore interactions." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B05D-9.

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Schmidt, Carsten. "Diversity and distribution patterns of foliar fungal endophytes in Theobroma cacao in Central Sulawesi and interactions between endophytes and host plant." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-EF36-7.

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34

Linders, Enrico Gerardus Albertus. "On interactions between a wild host plant, a fungal pathogen and an insect herbivore = Over interacties tussen een wilde waardplant, een pathogene schimmel en een herbivoor insekt /." 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/18973471X.pdf.

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35

Deshmukh, Sachin D. [Verfasser]. "Molecular and cytological investigations of the fungal endophyte Piriformospora indica and its interactions with the crop plant barley / vorgelegt von Sachin D. Deshmukh." 2007. http://d-nb.info/986499994/34.

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36

Manjarrez-Martinez, Ma De Jesus. "Characterization of the life cycle and cellular interactions of AM fungi with the reduced mycorrhizal colonization (rmc) mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/40127.

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The broad aim of the work described in this thesis was to use the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) defective rmc tomato to explore the development and function of different types of fungus-plant interfaces (phenotypes) and to characterize the cellular modifications preceding colonization of rmc by a range of different AM fungi. Three main patterns of colonization with rmc have been described: 1) Pen- phenotype in which the AM fungus is restricted to the root surface with several attempts to penetrate the epidermal cells without success; 2) Coiphenotype where AM fungi penetrate the epidermis but can

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Manjarrez, Martinez Ma De Jesus. "Characterization of the life cycle and cellular interactions of AM fungi with the reduced mycorrhizal colonization (rmc) mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/40127.

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The broad aim of the work described in this thesis was to use the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) defective rmc tomato to explore the development and function of different types of fungus-plant interfaces (phenotypes) and to characterize the cellular modifications preceding colonization of rmc by a range of different AM fungi. Three main patterns of colonization with rmc have been described: 1) Pen- phenotype in which the AM fungus is restricted to the root surface with several attempts to penetrate the epidermal cells without success; 2) Coiphenotype where AM fungi penetrate the epidermis but ca

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38

Park, Yong Soon. "Diverse functions of the two segmentally duplicated 9-lipoxygenases ZmLOX4 and ZmLOX5 of maize." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9410.

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Plant lipoxygenases (LOX) are non-heme iron containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in the synthesis of a large number of functionally diverse oxylipins. Although the physiological functions of jasmonate-producing 13-LOXs in dicots have been reported and highlighted in host defenses to pathogens and insects, the functions of 9-LOXs and 9-LOX derived oxylipins remain obscure for both monocots and dicots. The objective of this study was to elucidate the biochemical, molecular and physiological roles of a segmentaly duplicated pair of 9

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Aragón, Rodríguez Sandra Milena. "How entomopathogenic endophytic fungi modulate plant-insect interactions." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E6B-1.

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40

Yang, Bo. "Characterization of the Brassica napus-fungal pathogen interaction." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/410.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2009.<br>Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on June 29, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Plant Science, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

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41

Opalski, Krystina [Verfasser]. "Cell polarity in plant defense and fungal pathogenesis in the interaction of barley with powdery mildew fungi / submitted by Krystina Opalski." 2005. http://d-nb.info/977307247/34.

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Atnaseo, Chuthamat. "Transgenic Plant and Fungal Expression to Assay in vitro and in planta Activity of Sus scrofa beta-Defensin 1 and Nicotiana tabacum Defensin 1." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3193.

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To explore the use of defensins for transgenic plant disease resistance, expression by agroinfiltration of plants, stable transformation of plants and stable transformation of yeast were tested for porcine β-defensin 1 (pbd-1) and Nicotiana tabacum defensin 1 (Ntdef1). Attempts to screen constructs by agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that agroinfiltration alone induced localized resistance against Colletotrichum destructivum. A comparison of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains showed that the induced resistance required the transfer of type IV effectors into plant cells

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(11186766), Geoffrey M. Williams. "Thousand Cankers Disease of Eastern Black Walnut: Ecological Interactions in the Holobiont of a Bark Beetle-Fungal Disease." Thesis, 2021.

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<p>Eastern black walnut (<i>Juglans nigra</i> L.) ranks among the most highly valued timber species in the central hardwood forest and across the world. This valuable tree fills a critical role in native ecosystems as a mast bearing pioneer on mesic sites. Along with other <i>Juglans</i> spp. (Juglandaceae), <i>J. nigra</i> is threatened by thousand cankers disease (TCD), an insect-vectored disease first described in 2009. TCD is caused by the bark beetle <i>Pityophthorus juglandis</i> Blackman (Corthylini) and the phytopathogenic fungus <i>Geosmithia morbida</i> Kol. Free. Ut. & Tiss. (Bionec

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44

Shittu, Hakeem Olalekan. "PLANT-ENDOPHYTE INTERPLAY PROTECTS TOMATO AGAINST A VIRULENT VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/2271.

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When tomato Craigella is infected with Verticillium dahliae Dvd-E6 (Dvd-E6), a tolerant state is induced with substantial pathogen load, but few symptoms. Unexpectedly, these plants are more robust and taller with Dvd-E6 behaving as an endophyte. Some endophytes can protect plants from virulent pathogens. This research was undertaken to improve understanding of the cellular and molecular nature of Verticillium tolerance in tomato, especially whether infection by Dvd-E6 can protect Craigella from virulent V. dahliae, race 1 (Vd1). To permit mixed infection experiments a restriction fragment len

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