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Journal articles on the topic 'Fungi – Hong Kong'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Ding, Shunping, Hongli Hu, and Ji-Dong Gu. "Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong." Forests 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101030.

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Wood-decay fungi are one of the major threats to the old and valuable trees in Hong Kong and constitute a main conservation and management challenge because they inhabit dead wood as well as living trees. The diversity, abundance, and distribution of wood-decay fungi associated with standing trees and stumps in four different parks of Hong Kong, including Hong Kong Park, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Garden, Kowloon Park, and Hong Kong Observatory Grounds, were investigated. Around 4430 trees were examined, and 52 fungal samples were obtained from 44 trees. Twenty-eight species were identified from the samples and grouped into twelve families and eight orders. Phellinus noxius, Ganoderma gibbosum, and Auricularia polytricha were the most abundant species and occurred in three of the four parks. Most of the species were detected on old trees, indicating that older trees were more susceptible to wood-decay fungi than younger ones. More wood-decay fungal species were observed on Ficus microcarpa trees than on other tree species. These findings expanded the knowledge of wood-decay fungi in urban environments in Hong Kong and provided useful information for the conservation of old trees and the protection of human life and property from the danger of falling trees.

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2

Guo, Liang-Dong, and Kevin D. Hyde. "Fungi from palms. XLVI. Seynesia livistonae sp. nov. (Xylariaceae) from Hong Kong." Nova Hedwigia 72, no. 3-4 (May 1, 2001): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/72/2001/461.

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3

Lee, Olive H. K., and Kevin D. Hyde. "Phylloplane Fungi in Hong Kong Mangroves: Evaluation of Study Methods." Mycologia 94, no. 4 (July 2002): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761711.

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4

Tsui, CKM, KD Hyde, and IJ Hodgkiss. "Biodiversity of fungi on submerged wood in Hong Kong streams." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 21 (2000): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame021289.

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Lee, Olive H. K., and Kevin D. Hyde. "Phylloplane fungi in Hong Kong mangroves: evaluation of study methods." Mycologia 94, no. 4 (July 2002): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833188.

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6

Hyde, Kevin D. "Where are the missing fungi? Does Hong Kong have any answers?" Mycological Research 105, no. 12 (December 2001): 1514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756201004889.

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7

Goh, T. K., K. M. Tsui, and K. D. Hyde. "Yinmingella mitriformis gen. et sp.nov., a new sporodochial hyphomycete from submerged wood in Hong Kong." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 1693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-176.

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Yinmingella mitriformis gen. et sp.nov. (Hyphomycetes), occurring on wood submerged in Tung Chung River on Lantau Island, Hong Kong, is described and illustrated. It is unique in producing short, true chains of holoblastic, aseptate, smooth, black, mitriform conidia from dark brown, flask-shaped conidiogenous cells on hemispherical, black stromata. Yinmingella is compared with Hemibeltrania, Hemicorynespora, Mammaria, Janetia, Sporidesmium, and Stanjehughesia.Key words: cryo-SEM, dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, freshwater fungi, mitosporic fungi, systematics.

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8

Lee, Olive H. K., Gray A. Williams, and Kevin D. Hyde. "The diets of Littoraria ardouiniana and L. melanostoma in Hong Kong mangroves." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 6 (December 2001): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540100491x.

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Littoraria ardouiniana and Littoraria melanostoma are common snails in Hong Kong, living and feeding on mangrove trees. Gut content and stable isotopic analyses were conducted to investigate the littorinid's diets. Gut content analyses revealed these snails ingested bark, epidermal plant cells, fungi, and microalgae, but that broken plant cells were the most abundant food items in the stomach and faecal contents. The gut contents of the two littorinid species, either from the mangrove trees Kandelia candel or Aegiceras corniculatum, were similar and showed little temporal variation throughout the year. Dual stable isotopic analysis, which investigated the δ13C and δ15N values of the littorinids and their potential food items, indicated that these littorinids might feed on mixed diets composed of parts of the mangrove trees and other items available on the trees such as phylloplane fungi, microalgae and cyanobacteria. These epiphytic mangrove littorinids are generalist grazers which graze on the substratum non-selectively as they are constrained on their host trees, and their diets are, therefore, dependent on food availability on the trees themselves.

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9

Vrijmoed, L. L. P., I. J. Hodgkiss, and L. B. Thrower. "Occurrence of fungi on submerged pine and teak blocks in Hong Kong coastal waters." Hydrobiologia 135, no. 1-2 (April 1986): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006463.

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10

Al Asad, Faisal, Ani Kurniawati, Sri Wilarso Budi R, and Didah Nur Faridah. "The Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Black Cumin Rhizosphere (Nigella sativa L.) in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.5.3.126-131.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is a type of fungus that can form a symbiotic mutualism with most plants. Some AMF can only be symbiotic with a certain plant species. This research aims to determine and obtain the genus AMF from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) accessions from America, Turkey, Hong Kong, Slovenia, India, and Kuwait accessions which had been grown in West Java, Indonesia. Three samples from each accession, four replications each, were collected for examination. The results showed that six generas of AMF were found in the rhizosphere of black cumin: Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Dentiscutata, and Entrophospora. The genus Glomus was predominantly found in the Indian accession, i.e. 96.42 spores.Keywords: black cumin, diversity, fungi, exploration, AMF

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11

Kwok Wai Mui, Wai Yee Chan, Ling Tim Wong, and Pui Shan Hui. "Scoping indoor airborne fungi in an excellent indoor air quality office building in Hong Kong." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 31, no. 2 (March 4, 2010): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624409359752.

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12

Wong, Michelle K. M., and Kevin D. Hyde. "Diversity of fungi on six species of Gramineae and one species of Cyperaceae in Hong Kong." Mycological Research 105, no. 12 (December 2001): 1485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756201004695.

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13

Chen, Y., S. G. Cheung, and P. K. S. Shin. "The diet of amphioxus in subtropical Hong Kong as indicated by fatty acid and stable isotopic analyses." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 7 (July 22, 2008): 1487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001951.

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Fatty acid profiles and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope markers were used to identify the diet of amphioxus in subtropical Hong Kong waters, and to evaluate the role of co-occurring Branchiostoma belcheri and B. malayanum in trophic transfer, in coastal ecosystems. The present results showed that while amphioxus is generally regarded as a filter feeder, total particulate matter in the water column might not be the main food supply. The diet of amphioxus could be traced to comprise a wide range of food sources, from microbes and microplankton to microalgae, based on the stable isotope analysis. Results of fatty acid profile analysis also revealed contributions from dinoflagellates, zooplankton, detritus and bacteria, and minor contribution from diatoms and fungi in the diet of amphioxus in Hong Kong waters. The use of fatty acid and stable isotope analyses further proved that amphioxus can, not only capture and partition such a different size-range of food particles during their feeding, but also assimilate most of them into their body tissue. The present findings suggested that amphioxus may play an important role in marine food webs by transferring microbial production to higher trophic levels through utilizing microbes in seawater as food.

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14

Miao, L., and PY Qian. "Antagonistic antimicrobial activity of marine fungi and bacteria isolated from marine biofilm and seawaters of Hong Kong." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 38 (2005): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame038231.

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15

Tiew, Pei Yee, Fanny Wai San Ko, Sze Lei Pang, Sri Anusha Matta, Yang Yie Sio, Mau Ern Poh, Kenny J. X. Lau, et al. "Environmental fungal sensitisation associates with poorer clinical outcomes in COPD." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 2000418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00418-2020.

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IntroductionAllergic sensitisation to fungi such as Aspergillus are associated to poor clinical outcomes in asthma, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis; however, clinical relevance in COPD remains unclear.MethodsPatients with stable COPD (n=446) and nondiseased controls (n=51) were prospectively recruited across three countries (Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong) and screened against a comprehensive allergen panel including house dust mites, pollens, cockroach and fungi. For the first time, using a metagenomics approach, we assessed outdoor and indoor environmental allergen exposure in COPD. We identified key fungi in outdoor air and developed specific-IgE assays against the top culturable fungi, linking sensitisation responses to COPD outcomes. Indoor air and surface allergens were prospectively evaluated by metagenomics in the homes of 11 COPD patients and linked to clinical outcome.ResultsHigh frequencies of sensitisation to a broad range of allergens occur in COPD. Fungal sensitisation associates with frequent exacerbations, and unsupervised clustering reveals a “highly sensitised fungal predominant” subgroup demonstrating significant symptomatology, frequent exacerbations and poor lung function. Outdoor and indoor environments serve as important reservoirs of fungal allergen exposure in COPD and promote a sensitisation response to outdoor air fungi. Indoor (home) environments with high fungal allergens associate with greater COPD symptoms and poorer lung function, illustrating the importance of environmental exposures on clinical outcomes in COPD.ConclusionFungal sensitisation is prevalent in COPD and associates with frequent exacerbations representing a potential treatable trait. Outdoor and indoor (home) environments represent a key source of fungal allergen exposure, amenable to intervention, in “sensitised” COPD.

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16

Vrijmoed, L. L. P., I. J. Hodgkiss, and L. B. Thrower. "Effects of surface fouling organisms on the occurrence of fungi on submerged pine blocks in Hong Kong coastal waters." Hydrobiologia 135, no. 1-2 (April 1986): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006464.

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17

Sadaba, R. B., L. L. P. Vrijmoed, E. B. G. Jones, and I. J. Hodgkiss. "Observations on vertical distribution of fungi associated with standing senescent Acanthus ilicifolius stems at Mai Po Mangrove, Hong Kong." Hydrobiologia 295, no. 1-3 (January 1995): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00029118.

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18

Au, D. W. T., I. J. Hodgkiss, and L. L. P. Vrijmoed. "Fungi and cellulolytic activity associated with decomposition of Bauhinia purpurea leaf litter in a polluted and unpolluted Hong Kong waterway." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-131.

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A survey of fungal succession on decomposing Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves in the unpolluted Tai Po Kau Forest Stream (TPKFS) and the animal waste polluted Lam Tsuen River (LTR) was carried out during the winter of 1988 and the summer of 1989. In situ cellulolytic activity of the TPKFS leaf litter was also investigated. Most of the 28 aquatic hyphomycete species found were cosmopolitan or frequently reported in temperate regions. Clavariopsis aquatica De Wildeman, Lunulospora cymbiformis Miura, and Flagellospora penicillioides Ingold were the dominant species at both sites. Among the 49 geofungi species recorded, lymaphilic species were commonly observed in the polluted LTR (e.g., Geotrichum candidum Link ex Leman, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, and Mucor racemosus Fres.) and lymaxenes in the TPKFS (e.g., Humicola spp., Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium roseum Bain.). Species richness of aquatic hyphomycetes was higher in the TPKFS (27 species) than in the polluted LTR (14 species), whereas for the associated geofungi, it was higher in the LTR (35 species) than in the TPKFS (28 species). Conidial production was also higher in the TPKFS. Aquatic hyphomycetes and geofungi showed a complementary sequence of dominance in winter and summer, respectively, in the clean TPKFS. Higher cellulolytic activity occurred in the winter than the summer leaf litter. Key words: aquatic hyphomycetes, geofungi, leaf litter, pollution, cellulolytic activity.

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19

Coker, Olabisi Oluwabukola, Geicho Nakatsu, Rudin Zhenwei Dai, William Ka Kei Wu, Sunny Hei Wong, Siew Chien Ng, Francis Ka Leung Chan, Joseph Jao Yiu Sung, and Jun Yu. "Enteric fungal microbiota dysbiosis and ecological alterations in colorectal cancer." Gut 68, no. 4 (November 24, 2018): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317178.

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ObjectivesBacteriome and virome alterations are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the gut fungal microbiota in CRC remains largely unexplored. We aimed to characterise enteric mycobiome in CRC.DesignFaecal shotgun metagenomic sequences of 184 patients with CRC, 197 patients with adenoma and 204 control subjects from Hong Kong were analysed (discovery cohort: 73 patients with CRC and 92 control subjects; validation cohort: 111 patients with CRC, 197 patients with adenoma and 112 controls from Hong Kong). CRC-associated fungal markers and ecological changes were also validated in additional independent cohorts of 90 patients with CRC, 42 patients with adenoma and 66 control subjects of published repository sequences from Germany and France. Assignment of taxonomies was performed by exact k-mer alignment against an integrated microbial reference genome database.ResultsPrincipal component analysis revealed separate clusters for CRC and control (p<0.0001), with distinct mycobiomes in early-stage and late-stage CRC (p=0.0048). Basidiomycota:Ascomycota ratio was higher in CRC (p=0.0042), with increase in Malasseziomycetes (p<0.0001) and decrease in Saccharomycetes (p<0.0001) and Pneumocystidomycetes (p=0.0017). Abundances of 14 fungal biomarkers distinguished CRC from controls with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.93 and validated AUCs of 0.82 and 0.74 in independent Chinese cohort V1 and European cohort V2, respectively. Further ecological analysis revealed higher numbers of co-occurring fungal intrakingdom and co-exclusive bacterial–fungal correlations in CRC (p<0.0001). Moreover, co-occurrence interactions between fungi and bacteria, mostly contributed by fungal Ascomycota and bacterial Proteobacteria in control, were reverted to co-exclusive interplay in CRC (p=0.00045).ConclusionsThis study revealed CRC-associated mycobiome dysbiosis characterised by altered fungal composition and ecology, signifying that the gut mycobiome might play a role in CRC.

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20

Vrijmoed, L. L. P., K. D. Hyde, and E. B. G. Jones. "Observations on mangrove fungi from Macau and Hong Kong, with the description of two new ascomycetes: Diaporthe salsuginosa and Aniptodera haispora." Mycological Research 98, no. 6 (June 1994): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80420-6.

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21

David, J. C. "Pseudocercosporella bakeri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 144 (July 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401440.

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Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercosporella bakeri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Ipomoea. HOSTS: Ipomoea aquatica (Convolvulaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Sudan. ASIA: China (Hong Kong), Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah), Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.

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22

Leung, H. Y. M. "Pseudospiropes arecacensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 132 (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401320.

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Abstract A description is provided for Pseudospiropes arecacensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Licuala ramsayi, Livistona chinensis (Arecaceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Hong Kong. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.

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23

Minter, D. W. "Vladracula annuliformis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 95 (August 1, 1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400950.

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Abstract A description is provided for Vladracula annuliformis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acer cinnamomifolium, A. lanceolatum, A. oblongum. DISEASE: Leaf spotting of Acer spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: China (Minhow Hsien), Hong Kong, India (Uttar Pradesh). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.

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Kirk, P. M. "Stigmina sapii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 140 (August 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401399.

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Abstract A description is provided for Stigmina sapii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing dark brown, often angular, leaf spots; the leaves may turn yellow and fall prematurely. HOSTS: Sapium sebiferum (syn. Stillingia sebifera). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Hong Kong, 'Indo China'.

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25

Minter, D. W. "Arthrinium luzulae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 216 (August 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20183347365.

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Abstract A description is provided for Arthrinium luzulae, which occurs on dead leaves and stems of monocotyledonous herbaceous plants. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (California)), Asia (China (Hong Kong), Russia (Krasnoyarski Krai)), Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Switzerland)).

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Leung, H. Y. M. "Pseudocercospora ixorae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 132 (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401314.

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Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora ixorae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ixora bandhuka, Ixora chinensis, Ixora stricta, Ixora spp. (Rubiaceae). DISEASE: Zonate leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hawaii, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Taiwan, USA (Florida). TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.

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Leung, H. Y. M. "Pseudocercospora neriella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 132 (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401316.

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Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora neriella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Nerium indicum, Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Cyprus, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Israel, Russia, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tunisia, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.

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Brayford, D. "Cylindrocarpon effusum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 93 (August 1, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400924.

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Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocarpon effusum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Herb. IMI records on Ananas, Callitris, Camellia, Cocos, Dracaena and Grevillea, the nematode Radopholus similis, fruit bat guano and soil. DISEASE: Root rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius; Asia: Hong Kong, India, Vietnam; Australasia: Australia; North America: Honduras, West Indies. TRANSMISSION: Water-borne conidia.

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Sivanesan, A. "Mycosphaerella rosicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 99 (August 1, 1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400990.

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Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella rosicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Rosa spp. DISEASE: Cercospora spot of rose. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe. Asia: Burma, Cyprus, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan. West Indies: Trinidad. Australasia: Australia. Europe. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by windborne ascospores and conidia, water splash and contact with naturally infected plants.

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Kirk, P. M. "Phaeoisariopsis glochidii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 85 (July 1, 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400846.

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Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoisariopsis glochidii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species of Glochidion including G. coriaceum, G. ferdinandi, G. Ianceolarium, G. multiloculare, G. philippinense, G. velutinum. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Hong Kong, India (Uttar Pradesh), Sri Lanka), Australasia & Oceania (Australia (Qd), Papua New Guinea). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air borne conidia. Survival mechanisms unknown.

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Cannon, P. F. "Rehmiodothis osbeckiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 114 (August 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401138.

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Abstract A description is provided for Rehmiodothis osbeckiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Melastoma candidum, M. decemfidum, M. fuscum, M. malabathricum, M. polyanthum, M. sanguineum, Osbeckia octandra, O. virgata. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Java), Philippines, Sri Lanka. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne dispersal of ascospores. Little is known of the pathology of this fungus.

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Sivanesan, A. "Elsinoe batatas. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 113 (July 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401124.

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Abstract A description is provided for Elsinoe batatas. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Ipomoea batatas. DISEASE: Leaf and stem scab of sweet potato. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, Brunei, Caroline Islands, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Guadalcanal ?, Guam, Hong Kong, Japan. Malaysa (including Sabah and Sarawak), New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea. Taiwan, Tonga, Vanuata. TRANSMISSION: By waterborne spores and through cuttings.

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David, J. C. "Nimbya gomphrenae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 108 (August 1, 1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401080.

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Abstract A description is provided for Nimbya gomphrenae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gomphrena globosa, Alternanthera denticulata, Ptilotus sp. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Gomphrena. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Burma, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Java), Japan, Malaysia (Malaya, Sabah), Nepal, Sri Lanka. Australasia & Oceania: Australia. Central & South America: Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.

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Sivanesan, A. "Pseudocercospora artocarpi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 113 (August 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401128.

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Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora artocarpi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Artocarpus spp. (A. chaplasha, A. communis, A. heterophyllus, A. incisa, A. indica, A. integrifolia, A. lakoocha). DISEASE: Leaf spot. Large brown spots which later fall out producing a shot-hole effect (34, 400). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hong Kong, India, Papua New Guinea, Philippines. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne dispersal of conidia.

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35

Williams, M. A. J. "Pseudocercospora atromarginalis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 94 (July 1, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400940.

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Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora atromarginalis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Solanum nigrum; also S. aethiopicum and S. nodiflorum. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia; Asia: Burma, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; Australasia and Oceania: Fiji, New Zealand; North America: Barbados, Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne or rain-splash dispersed conidia.

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36

Leung, H. Y. M. "Cercospora mikaniicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 132 (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401311.

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Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora mikaniicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mikania cordata, Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot and stem canker. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cuba, Colombia, Fiji, Guadalcanal, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, Niue, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, USA (Florida), Vanuatu. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are presumably air-dispersed but there are no detailed studies.

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37

Sivanesan, A. "Cochliobolus ravenelii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 89 (August 1, 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400884.

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Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus ravenelii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sporobolus sp. DISEASE: False smut associated with the anamorph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Azores, Brazil, Burma, Costa Rica, Columbia, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds and air-borne conidia.

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38

Minter, D. W. "Sympodiella acicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 171 (July 1, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20073083190.

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Abstract A description is provided for Sympodiella acicola, which are found on dead decaying conifer leaves, twigs and cones of conifers, occasionally on other substrata, effuse, dark blackish brown, hairy. Information is included on geographical distribution (Hong Kong, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, UK, Sweden and Ukraine), hosts (Bauhinia purpurea, Eucalyptus coccifera, E. gunnii, Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, Pinus sp. and Quercus sp.), other associated organisms (Belemnospora pinicola, Desmazierella acicola, Parasympodiella clarkii, Polyscytalum verrucosum and Slimacomyces monosporus), diagnostic features, biology and conservation status.

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39

Leung, H. Y. M. "Pseudocercospora punicae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 132 (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401317.

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Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora punicae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Punica granatum (pomegranate) (Punicaceae). DISEASE: Leaf spot, shot-hole. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Brazil, China, Cuba, Dominica, Egypt, Ethiopia, Hawaii, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Republic of Maldives, Singapore, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, USA (Florida), Venezuela, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersal of conidia.

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40

Leung, H. Y. M. "Pseudocercospora jasminicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 132 (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401315.

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Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora jasminicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Jasminum grandiflorum, J. humile, J. pubescens, J. malabaricum, J. mesnyi, J. multiforum, J. odoratissimum, J. officinale, J. rigidum, J. sambac, J. subtriplinerve (Oleaceae). DISEASE: Leaf blight, leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Guatemala, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Philippines, Salvador, Taiwan, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersal of conidia.

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41

David, J. C. "Cladosporium musae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 96 (July 1, 1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400958.

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Abstract A description is provided for Cladosporium musae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Musa × paradisiaca, Musa × paradisiaca var. sapientum, Ensete gillesii (= M. schweinfurthii). Presumably other Musa spp. and cvs are potential hosts. DISEASE: Leaf speckle of banana. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Asia: Bangladesh, Hong Kong, Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra), Sabah. Australasia & Oceania: Solomon Islands, Western Samoa. North America: Cuba, Honduras, Jamaica. TRANSMISSION: By airborne dispersal of conidia.

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42

"Balansia oryzae-sativae. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500797.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Balansia oryzae-sativae Hashioka Fungi: Ascomycota: Hypocreales Hosts: Rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Hong Kong, Yunnan, India, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, AFRICA, Sierra Leone, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Louisiana, OCEANIA, New Caledonia, Vanuatu.

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43

Minter, D. W. "Naemacyclus steatopygioides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 148 (July 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401478.

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Abstract A description is provided for Naemacyclus steatopygioides. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Naemacyclus steatopygioides is known to fruit on old hanging needles on trash, and on litter needles. There is no other information about its ecology, but it is not thought to be pathogenic. HOSTS: Pinus caribaea, P. massoniana, P. maximinoi, P. oocarpa, P. tecumumanii (needles). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Honduras. ASIA: China (Hong Kong). TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.

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44

Rodríguez Hernández, M. "Paraceratocladium silvestre. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 149 (August 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401488.

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Abstract A description is provided for Paraceratocladium silvestre. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although conidiomata are numerous on stems of associated plants (e.g. Gramineae), the fungus does not produce symptoms of any disease. HOSTS: Buchenavia capitata, Bucida palustris (Combretaceae), Quercus oleoides var. sagraeana (Fagaceae), Gramineae gen. indet., Calophyllum antillanum (Guttiferae), Nectandra sp. (Lauraceae), Myrica cerifica (Myricaceae), Pandanus sp. (Pandanaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil [new record]. ASIA: China (Hong Kong). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

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45

Enríquez, D. I. "Haiyanga salina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 181 (July 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20093355600.

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Abstract A description is provided for Haiyanga salina. Information on the host plants (Avicennia marina, Bambusoidea sp., Canavalia rosea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cocos nucifera, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pinus sp., Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba), geographical distribution (Liberia; South Africa; Mexico; Florida, North Carolina and Hawaii, USA; Belize; Colombia; Brunei; Hong Kong, China; Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, India; Malaysia; Thailand; American Virgin Islands; Bahamas; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Martinique; Puerto Rico; Trinidad and Tobago; Mauritius; Seychelles; Kuwait; Chile; Fiji; and French Polynesia), and dispersal and transmission of the pathogen is presented.

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46

Minter, D. W. "Anthostomella clypeoides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 199 (August 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20143299514.

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Abstract A description is provided for Anthostomella clypeoides. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Ghana), Asia (China, Hong Kong, Iran, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand), Caribbean (Cuba), Europe (France, Italy, Russia, Krasnodarskyi krai, Switzerland, UK), North America (USA, Louisiana), Pacific Ocean (USA, Hawaii)) and habitats. The fungus is known to occur as an endobiont of the Ericaceae, but the time of substratum colonization and nutritional relations with associated plants (including Rubus sp.) have not been established.

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47

"Periconiella sapientumicola. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 2) (August 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500594.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Periconiella sapientumicola Siboe Fungi: Mitosporic fungi Hosts: Banana (Musa spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Honduras, Jamaica, OCEANIA, French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu.

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48

"Atelocauda digitata. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500774.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Atelocauda digitata (G. Winter) Cummins & Y. Hirats. Fungi: Teliomycetes: Uredinales Hosts: Acacia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Java, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Hawaii, OCEANIA, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu.

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49

Sivanesan, A. "Mycosphaerella aleuritis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 99 (July 1, 1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056400983.

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Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella aleuritis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Aleurites fordii, A. mollucana, A. montana. DISEASE: Angular leaf spot of tung. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Central African Republic, Malagasy Republic, Malawi, Zaire (probably also Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Gabon). Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan. Central America & Caribbean: Cuba, Trinidad. North America: USA. South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay? (CMI Distribution Map 278, ed. 3, 1975). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores and conidia, which are mainly dispersed by rain-splash and wind (45, 1989f).

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50

Crous, P. W. "Cylindrocladiella parva. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 116 (August 1, 1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401160.

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Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladiella parva. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Annona cherimola, Camellia japonica, Eucalyptus spp. (66, 2526), Macadamia integrifolia, Pelargonium sp., Persea americana, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pinus contorta, P. radiata, Psidium guajava, Rheum rhaponticum, Rosa sp., Spondias mangifera, Telopea speciosisima, Vitis vinifera, Xanthosoma sagittifolium. DISEASE: Seedling blight, damping off, root rots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Great Britain, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Java, Malawi, Mauritius, New Zealand, South Africa, U.S.A. (Florida, Hawaii, Massachusetts), West Indies. TRANSMISSION: Probably wind and spash dispersed.

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