Journal articles: 'Fungi isolated'

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Vidal, Araceli, Rodolfo Parada, Leonora Mendoza, and Milena Cotoras. "Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Plants Growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile with Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6030149.

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Botrytis cinerea is an important phytopathogenic fungus affecting the fruit production around the world. This fungus is controlled mainly by using synthetic fungicides, but many resistant isolates have been selected by the indiscriminate use of fungicides. Endophytic fungi or secondary metabolites obtained from them become an alternative method of control for this fungus. The aim of this work was to identify endophytic fungi with antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus B. cinerea isolated from plants from Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. Three endophytic fungi (Ac1, Lc1 and Ec1) with antifungal activity against B. cinerea were isolated from native and endemic plants growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. The isolates Lc1 (isolated from Lithraea caustica) and Ac1 (isolated from Acacia caven) were identified as Alternaria spp. and the isolate Ec1 (isolated from Echinopsis chiloensis) was identified as Aureobasidium spp. The isolated endophytic fungi would inhibit B. cinerea through the secretion of diffusible and volatile compounds affecting the mycelial growth, conidia germination and interestingly, it was also shown that the volatile compounds produced by the three isolated endophytic fungi suppressed the sporulation of B. cinerea.

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Fajarningsih, Nurrahmi Dewi, Muhammad Nursid, and Ekowati Chasanah. "Screening of Antitumor Bioactivity of Fungi Associated with Macro Algae and Sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (June 24, 2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i2.25.

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This research was aimed to isolate marine derived-fungi which associated with macro algae and sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta and to screen the antitumor (T47D and HeLa) bioactivity of the fungi extracts. Three solid media of MEA (malt extract agar), GPY (glucose peptone yeast) and MFM (minimal fungi medium) were used as isolation medium. Each of the pure fungi isolates was then cultivated in 100 ml of liquid medium for 4 weeks at room temperature (27-28°C) in static conditions. The antitumor activity of the fungi extracts were tested against breast tumor cells (T47D) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) assay method. A number of 21 isolates of fungi were isolated from 4 macro algae and 1 sponge samples. The identification of fungi isolate was conducted using combination of molecular approach (ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 DNA regions) and macro-micro morphological characteristics. Among those 21 marine fungi species isolated, MFGK-21 extract showed the best anti-servical tumor (HeLa) with an IC50 value of 240.1 µg/ml and MFGK-27 extract showed the best anti-breast tumor (T47D) with an IC50 value of 59.6 µg/ml. The MFGK-21 fungi isolate was identified as Penicillium steckii, while the MFGK-27 fungi isolate was identified as Aspergillus sydowii.

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Biedukiewicz, Anna. "Yeast-like fungi isolated in students." Acta Mycologica 42, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2007.015.

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The occurrence of yeast-like fungi in the most important infection portals of the respiratory system in 200 randomly chosen students of biology and veterinary medicine was examined. The students come into direct contact with plants and animals that may be colonised by fungi belonging to various systematic groups. Nine species of yeast-like fungi, including 7 species determined in the biologists, were recorded in the subjects. Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans were the most frequently isolated fungi. The greatest number of fungi was isolated from the oral cavity (124 isolates), fewer from the throat (79 isolates), and the smallest number from the nose (8 isolates). Fungi occurred more frequently in autumn and slightly less frequently in spring, and were isolated more frequently from women than from men.

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Suciatmih, Suaciatmih, Yuliar Yuliar, and D. Supriyati. "ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI, DAN SKRINING JAMUR ENDOFIT PENGHASIL AGEN BIOKONTROL DARI TANAMAN DI LAHAN PERTANIAN DAN HUTAN PENUNJANG GUNUNG SALAK." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v12i2.1249.

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Isolation of endophytic fungi was done to find alternative microorganisms as biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, a soil borne pathogen on many agriculturalcrops. The research objectives were 1) to isolate and identify endophytic fungi colonize plants growing on agricultural and Mount Salak supporting forest lands in the Villages of Parakan Salak and Cimalati, Sukabumi; and 2) to screen for their biocontrol agent activity againt R. solani. Diameter of R. solani was measured on day 2 after inoculation, and its percent inhibition of growth by endophytic fungi is calculated using the formula Skidmore & Dickinson (1976). The results indicated that 214 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from 96 plant species that growing in both places. Endophytic fungi isolated including in the group of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Guignardia, Mucor, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Phomopsis, Rhizoctonia, and endophytic fungi that have not been identified. Of the 214 fungal isolates tested, 39 isolates (18.22 %) could inhibit the growth of R. solani from 10.18 % to 58.99 % with a percent inhibition. The highest growth inhibition of R. solani were shown respectively by an unidentified fungus isolatedfrom Hyptis capitata Jack (58.99%), Cladosporium sp. isolated from jeruk bali (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) (55.42%), Pestalotiopsis sp. isolated from pine apple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) (53.85 %), and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson isolated from banyan (Ficus benyamina L.) (51.81%)

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Ababutain, Ibtisam Mohammed, Sahar Khamees Aldosary, Amal Abdulaziz Aljuraifani, Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi, Amira Hassan Alabdalall, Eida Marshid Al-Khaldi, Sumayh A. Aldakeel, Noor B. Almandil, Sayed AbdulAzeez, and J. Francis Borgio. "Identification and Antibacterial Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia sieberi." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6651020.

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Endophytic fungi serve as a reservoir for important secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Artemisia sieberi. Initially, six endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem of A. sieberi. Endophytic fungi were identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by molecular identification using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the six isolates were subjected to the preliminary screening for their antibacterial activity against nine important pathogenic bacteria using the disk-diffusion method. Crude extracts of the most active isolate were obtained using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using well diffusion method on the selected isolate. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected isolate was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values were in appreciable quantity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 3.125 to 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 to 50 µg/mL, respectively. This result indicated that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the endophytic fungi extract. Moreover, the molecular identification results revealed that all the isolates belong to Ascomycota and represented Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and three species: A. oryzae (three isolates), A. niger (one isolate), and P. chrysogenum (two isolates). All six endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of at least two of the tested bacteria. Among the isolated strains, isolate AS2, which identified as P. chrysogenum, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all nine tested bacteria and was higher than or equal to the positive control against most of the tested bacteria. Future studies are required to isolate and identify these bioactive substances, which can be considered as a potential source for the synthesis of new antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases.

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Pakshir, Keyvan, Moosa Rahimi Ghiasi, Kamiar Zomorodian, and Ali Reza Gharavi. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Keratinophilic Fungi from Public Parks Soil in Shiraz, Iran." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/619576.

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Introduction. Keratinophilic fungi are an important group of fungi that live in soil. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify keratinophilic fungi from the soil of different parks in Shiraz.Materials and Methods. A total of 196 soil samples from 43 parks were collected. Isolation of the fungi was performed by hair bait technique. The isolated colonies were identified by morphologic feature of macro- and microconidia and molecular method, using DNA sequence analysis. ITS region of ribosomal DNA was amplified and the PCR products were sequenced.Results. 411 isolates from 22 genera were identified.Fusarium(23.8%),Chrysosporium(13.13%),Acremonium(12.65%),Penicillium(12.39%),Microsporum gypseum(1.94%),Bionectria ochroleuca(1.21%),Bipolaris spicifera(1.21%),Scedosporium apiospermum(0.82%),Phialophora reptans(0.82%),Cephalosporium curtipes(0.49%),Scedosporium dehoogii(0.24%),Ochroconis constricta(0.24%),Nectria mauritiicola(0.49%),Chaetomium(0.49%),Scopulariopsis(0.24%),Malbranchea(0.24%), andTritirachium(0.24%) were the most important isolates. Most of the fungi were isolated from the soils with the PH range of 7 to 8.Conclusion. Our study results showed that many keratinophilic fungi isolated from the parks soil are important for public health and children are an important group at a high risk of being exposed to these fungi.

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Gofar, Nuni. "Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Decomposing Fungi Isolated from Mangrove Rhizosphere." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.39-45.

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The research was done to obtain the isolates of soil borne fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere which were capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The soil samples were collected from South Sumatra mangrove forest which was contaminated by petroleum. The isolates obtained were selected based on their ability to survive, to grow and to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in medium containing petroleum residue. There were 3 isolates of soil borne hydrocarbonoclastic fungi which were able to degrade petroleum in vitro. The 3 isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigates, A. parasiticus, and Chrysonilia sitophila. C. sitophila was the best isolate to decrease total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from medium containing 5-20% petroleum residue.Keywords: Hydrocarbonoclastic fungi, hydrocarbon compounds, mangrove rhizosphere

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Bussaban, Boonsom, Saisamorn Lumyong, Pipob Lumyong, Eric HC McKenzie, and Kevin D. Hyde. "Endophytic fungi from Amomum siamense." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-098.

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Endophytic fungi were isolated from apparently healthy organs of the wild ginger Amomum siamense Criab., including leaves, pseudostems, and rhizomes, collected from two sites in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand. Endophytes were relatively common with an isolate prevalence of 70%83% at the two sites sampled in the wet and dry seasons. The endophyte assemblages from the two sites were diverse and comprised 7 Ascomycetes and 26 mitosporic fungi. Colletotrichum "gloeosporioides" (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz., Glomerella spp., xylariaceous fungi, and Phomopsis spp. were consistently dominant as endophytes on Amomum siamense, but many rare species and mycelia sterilia were also recorded. There was no significant difference between the number of isolates recovered from leaves containing vein tissues and those containing intervein tissues, independent of leaf age. Most taxa showed a preference for either leaf tissue or pseudostems. Two new Ascomycetes species, Gaeumannomyces amomi and Leiosphaerella amomi, were discovered from leaves and rhizomes, respectively, and four species of Pyricularia, including three new species, were isolated from leaves.Key words: Zingiberaceae endophytes, isolate prevalence, tissue specificity, seasonal effects.

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Lima, Milton Luiz da Paz, Maria Cristina Araújo Vaz, Aline Suelen da Silva, Karoliny De Almeida Souza, and Gabriel Isaias Lee Tuñon. "In vitro CONFRONTATION OF Trichoderma spp. ISOLATES WITH PHYTOPATHOGENIC AND NON-PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 3, no. 2 (September 2, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v3i2.810.

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The aim of this study was the confrontation of Trichoderma spp. with pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. The Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger) were transferred to potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). The confrontation was performed using Petri dishes inoculated with mycelial disks in opposite position (9 mm) of Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi. After inoculation the plates remained under 25 ° C regime to 12 hours light for a period of seven days. After this period was evaluated qualitatively according to the scale of Bell et al. (1982), which consists of the suitability scores for the area percentage of the culture medium under expression of antagonism. The isolate of C. gloeosporioides (jatropha) was isolated which had statistically slightly inhibited growth by Trichoderma spp., Unlike the isolated Alternaria sp. (parsley) was isolated micelial fungi suffered the most antagonism. Statistically the Trichoderma isolate derived from pineapple promoted the highest antagonistic activity against isolates of pathogenic fungi tested, being a candidate for use in biocontrol.

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Vaz, Aline B. M., Rubens C. Mota, Maria Rosa Q. Bomfim, Mariana L. A. Vieira, Carlos L. Zani, Carlos A. Rosa, and Luiz H. Rosa. "Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with Orchidaceae in Brazil." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 12 (December 2009): 1381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-101.

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The purpose of this study was to examine antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, stems, and roots of 54 species of Orchidaceae collected in a Brazilian tropical ecosystem. In total, 382 filamentous fungi and 13 yeast isolates were obtained and cultured to examine the production of crude extracts. Thirty-three percent of the isolates displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one target microorganism. The multivariate statistical analyses conducted indicate that the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of terrestrial orchids in semideciduous forest were more active against Escherichia coli , whereas extracts of endophytic fungi from roots of rupicolous orchids collected in rock fields were more active against Candida krusei and Candida albicans . Among the fungi that were screened in the study, 22 isolates held their antimicrobial activities after replication and were therefore selected for assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which ranged from 62.5 to 250 µg/mL and 7.8 to 250 µg/mL against bacteria and fungi, respectively. One isolate of Alternaria sp. and one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum presented the strongest antibacterial activity. Three Fusarium isolates, Epicoccum nigrum , and Sclerostagonospora opuntiae showed the greatest MIC values against the pathogenic yeasts. This study is the first survey investigating the bioactive potential of endophytic fungi associated with tropical Orchidaceae species present in Brazilian ecosystems.

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Manguilimotan, Lebeth C., and Jayzon G. Bitacura. "Biosorption of Cadmium by Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Coastal Water and Sediments." Journal of Toxicology 2018 (October 22, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7170510.

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The use of microorganisms in decontaminating the environment encumbered with heavy metal pollutants through biosorption is considered as a good option for bioremediation. This study was conducted to isolate Cadmium (Cd) tolerant fungi from coastal waters and sediments, compare their biosorption capabilities, and identify the isolates with the highest Cd uptake. Water and sediment samples were collected near the effluent sites of industrial belt in Ibo, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu, Philippines. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates containing Cd (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) were used to isolate Cd tolerant fungi from the samples. The distinct colonies that grew on the highest Cd concentration (100 ppm) were then isolated into pure cultures. The pure cultures of Cd tolerant fungi served as a source of inocula for in vitro biosorption assay using Cd dissolved in potato dextrose broth (PDB) as the substrate. Cd tolerant fungal isolates with the highest Cd uptake were finally identified up to the lowest possible taxon based on their colonial and microscopic characteristics. Most filamentous fungal colonies have grown most at the lower Cd concentrations and least at the higher concentrations. From the characteristics of the fungal growth on the plate with the highest Cd concentration, eight distinct colonies from both sediment and water samples were isolated into pure cultures. Among the eight fungal isolates, only three had significant Cd biosorption efficiency, these were fungal isolate 3 (13.87 %), fungal isolate 6 (11.46 %), and fungal isolate 4 (10.71 %). Two of them (fungal isolates 3 and 4) belong to genus Aspergillus while the other (fungal isolate 6) is a species of Penicillium. The results of this study showed that Cd tolerant fungi with biosorption capacity could be isolated from coastal water and sediments in the vicinity of areas suspected of heavy metal contamination.

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Kačániová, Miroslava, Janka Sudzinová, Miriam Kádasi-Horáková, Magdaléna Valšíková, and Stanislav Kráčmar. "The determination of microscopic fungi from Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruits, leaves, crust and pollen." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 4 (2010): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058040073.

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The plant-microbial interactive relations with respect to determination of the mycoflora of theCastanea sativaMill. nuts, crust, leaves and pollen and their effect on the host organism in four Slovak regions were studied. In the experiments were isolated 7 genera and 10 species of microscopic fungi from the nut, crust and leaves. It was found, that isolates from theCastanea sativaMill. pollen were represented by 8 genera and 11 species of microscopic fungi.Alternaria,Cladosporium,MucorandRhizopusappeared to be the most frequently occurring genera of nuts, leaves and crust.Acremonium,Alternaria,Cladosporium,Fusarium,PenicilliumandTrichodermaare the most frequently fungi of pollen. On the base of further taxonomic determination from the generaAspergilluswere isolated and identified representatives of speciesA. flavus,A. fumigatus,A. ochraceus,A. terreusandA. versicolor. From the generaFusariumwas isolatedF. oxysporumand fromPenicilliumgenera were isolatedP. crustosumandP. glabrum. It is necessary to underline that the isolated generaAspergillus,FusariumandPenicilliumare considered as the most important producers of mycotoxins.

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ABDEL-MONAIM, Montaser Fawzy. "Integrated Management of Damping-off, Root and/or Stem Rot Diseases of Chickpea and Efficacy of the Suggested Formula." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 3 (August 25, 2011): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb336134.

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Eleven fungal isolates were isolated from naturally infected chickpea roots collected from different locations in New Valley Governorate (Egypt). The isolated fungi were purified and identified as Rhizoctonia solani (5 isolates), Fusarium solani (4 isolates) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (2 isolates). The isolated fungi proved their pathogenicity on cv. ‘Giza 3’. Response of chickpea cvs. ‘Giza 1’, ‘Giza 2’, ‘Giza 3’, ‘Giza 4’, ‘Giza 88’, ‘Giza 195’, ‘Giza 531’ to infection by the tested fungi was significantly varied. ‘Giza 1’ was the most resistant one followed by ‘Giza 531’, while the other tested cvs. were highly susceptible. Seven biocontrol agents, namely Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, were tested for their antagonistic action against the tested pathogens. B. subtilis isolate BSM1, B. megaterium isolate TVM5, T. viride isolate TVM2 and T. harzianum isolate THM4 were the most antagonistic ones to the tested fungi in vitro, while the other isolates were moderate or weak antagonists. The most antagonistic isolates as well as the commercial biocide Rhizo-N were applied as seed treatment for controlling damping-off, root and/or stem rot diseases caused by the tested fungi under greenhouse conditions. The obtained data showed that all tested antagonistic isolates were able to cause significant reduction of damping-off, root and/or stem rot diseases in chickpea plants. T. viride (isolate TVM2) and B. megaterium (isolate BMM5) proved to be the most effective isolates for controlling the diseases. Under field condition, the obtained data indicated that all the tested antagonistic isolates significantly reduced damping-off, root and/or stem rot. T. viride (isolate TVM2) and B. megaterium (isolate BMM5) recorded the highest reduction of damping-off, root and/or stem rot in all sowing dates. Sowing of treated seeds with bioagents in first of November gave the highest protection against root diseases in chickpea. The reduction in damping-off, root and/or stem rot severity was significantly reflected on the produced seed yield. In this respect, seeds previously treated with T. viride (TVM2) produced the highest seed yield in all sowing dates followed by seed treated with B. megaterium (TVM5). First of November was the best sowing date to reduce these diseases and to increase seed yield/fed. On the other hand, the antagonistic isolates isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, were most active than the commercial biocide Rhizo-N in reducing chickpea root diseases and increase of seed yield in greenhouse and field conditions.

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BOURTZI-HATZOPOULOU (Ε. ΜΠΟΥΡΤΖΗ-ΧΑΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ), E., A. ZDRAGAS (Α. ΖΔΡΑΓΚΑΣ), E. PETRIDOU (Ε. ΠΕΤΡΙΔΟΥ), and G. FILIOUSIS (Γ. ΦΙΛΙΟΥΣΗΣ). "Yeasts as a causative agent of bovine mastitis in Greece." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 54, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15257.

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The aim of this study was to isolate fungi from mastitic milk of dairy cows and to identify fungal microorganisms involved in bovine mastitis. A total of 608 milk samples from clinical mastitis quarters from 580 animals in Northern Greece were collected, during the years 1997-2001. Antibacterial treatment was administrated to 50% of the sampled animals. Forty two (42) fungi were isolated and identified using mycological media and methods. From the 42 fungi isolates, 38 were yeasts and 4 moulds. The yeasts isolated were classified into the genera Candida, Geotrichum, Rhodotorula. From the thirty four (34) Candida species, 14 were identified as G tropicalis and 6 as G krusei. Furthermore, 4 isolates were classified as G pseudotropicalis, 4 as G albicans, 3 as G parapsilosis and 3 as G rugosa. Geotrichum candidum and Rhodotorula spp. were represented with 2 isolates. The isolated moulds were classified into the genus Aspergillus. Fungi were isolated in pure culture from 38 milk samples and in mixed culturewith bacteria from 4. In 510 samples only bacteria were cultured, while in 56 samples no growth of microorganism was observed. The results of the present study indicate that a level of 6.9% of mycotic mastitis is significant and yeasts are apparently implicated in mammary gland pathology causing economic loss.

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Hakim, Safinah Surya, Tri Wira Yuwati, and Sari Nurulita. "Isolation of peat swamp forest foliar endophyte fungi as biofertilizer." Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management 5, no. 1 (January 17, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v5i1.111.

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Peatland restoration activity is facing many obstacles, particularly in planting techniques and poor nutrient in peat soil. Naturally, endophytic fungi are abundant and have great potential as biofertilizer. This research investigates the potential endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of peat swamp tree species for biofertilizer. Research activities include: exploration, in vitro test to examine the phosphate solubilization and identification. Result showed that there were 360 leave segments collected from 4 sampling locations. The colonization percentage of 222 isolates ranged from 52.17% - 60.17%. Fifty seven morphospecies were selected from 222 isolates. Twelve isolates demonstrated ability to produce clear zones and ten isolates were selected for identification. It is concluded that twelve isolated demonstrated potential ability to produce clear zone and Penicillum citrinum isolate P3.10 was identified as an isolate that show the highest potential ability as a biofertilizer

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Jović, Jelena, Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov, and Ljiljana Mojović. "Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with autochthonous fungi from Serbia." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 25, no. 2 (2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea25-31108.

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This research examined the potential use of isolated Serbian autochthonous fungi in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Among 12 isolated fungi, the isolates identified as Trametes hirsuta F13 and Stereum gausapatum F28 stood out as ligninolytic enzyme producers and were selected for potential use in the pretreatment of a waste lignocellulosic biomass. An isolate identified as Myrmaecium fulvopruinatum F14 showed high hydrolytic activity, but negligible ligninolytic activity, and it was selected as a potential producer of important industrial hydrolytic enzymes. Further, the breakdown of lignocellulosic waste, beechwood sawdust, by T. hirsuta F13 and S. gausapatum F28 was examined. Both isolates efficiently degraded biomass, but T. hirsuta F13 exhibited greater selectivity (selectivity coefficient of 1.7) than S. gausapatum F28 (1.1). The isolate F13 was considered a better candidate for the pretreatment, and it was selected for further analysis which involved the use of molasses stillage as a supplement to improve the pretreatment.

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Zanudin, Nur Afeeqah Binti Mohamed, Nor'Aishah Hasan, and Patahayah Binti Mansor. "Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Garcinia atroviridis against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.27.3.209.

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The extensive use of synthetic fungicides in controlling plant disease generates detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. In response to this problem, an alternative method was developed, known as biological control using antagonistic microorganisms. Since investigation on fungal endophytes of Garcinia atroviridis is still unclear, it was chosen for the study. The aim of the present work was to evaluate biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes, a phytopathogen that caused anthracnose disease. A total of 92 endophytic fungi were isolated from different tissue parts of Garcinia atroviridis including leaves, petioles, branches, and fruits. Results demonstrated that, most of endophytic fungal isolates showed some inhibitory action over the growth of C. gloeosporiodes during dual culture growth. Endophyte isolate F14 showed the highest antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes with 67.38% percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG). However, 7 out of 92 isolates showed no inhibitory effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. In conclusion, endophytic fungi isolated from G. atroviridis indicate the potential as biocontrol agents. It is hoped that the finding of isolated endophytic fungi in this study with antagonistic activity against anthracnose pathogen may be used in biocontrol programmes of plant disease in the region.

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Dobranic, J. K., J. A. Johnson, and Q. R. Alikhan. "Isolation of endophytic fungi from eastern larch (Larix lancina) leaves from New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-026.

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Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) collected in Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada. Two thousand three hundred and six isolates were obtained from 1600 leaves (6400 leaf segments) from 40 trees. Isolates were obtained from 36.0% of the segments. These were distributed among 73.9% of the leaves. Multiple isolates (two or more) were obtained from 12.8% of the leaves but 26.1% of the leaves had no endophyte isolated whatsoever. The isolate designated RP31 accounted for 84.2% of all isolates and was the lone endophyte isolated from 46.5% of the leaves. Isolates RPB82, RPB65, and coelomycete 3 accounted for 10.2% of all isolates obtained. Of the 10 taxa isolated, RP31, RPB82, RPB65, and coelomycete 3 represented 98.1% of the total number of isolates. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the number of isolations between leaf segments from the petiole to the tip when all isolates were considered together. However, if RP31 was excluded from the analysis, the remaining isolates were isolated significantly (p > 0.05) more frequently from the petiole segment.Key words: endophytic fungi, Larix laricina, leaves, deciduous.

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Ogle, HJ, AM Stirling, and PJ Dart. "Pathogenicity of fungi associated with seedling disease of cotton." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930923.

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Fungi associated with cotton seedling disease were isolated directly from a vertisol at Narrabri, New South Wales, in which cotton had failed to establish, and from cotton seedlings grown in the same soil and seedlings grown in 7 Queensland cotton-growing soils (also Vertisols). Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium vexans, I unidentified pythiaceous fungi, and a number of miscellaneous unidentified fungi were isolated from soil or soilborne plant debris. Pythium ultimum, R. solani, Fusarium spp., and unidentified pythiaceous fungi were isolated from lesions on seedling hypocotyls. The pathogenicity of the fungi was investigated using cotton seedlings grown in steamed potting mix; 93% of seedlings survived in the absence of fungal inoculum. Of the fungi isolated from the Narrabri soil, P. ultimum and R. solani were most pathogenic, reducing seedling survival at 14 days after inoculation to 33%. Isolates of P. vexans and Fusarium spp. reduced seedling survival to 64% and 73-87%, respectively. Isolates of R. solani or P. ultirnum from the Queensland soils completely prevented seedling emergence in most cases, while isolates of Fusarium spp. were not pathogenic. Isolates of both R. solani and P. ultimum varied significantly in pathogenicity.

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Sulyanti, Eri. "The Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Biocontrol Agent Against Stem Rot Diseases Caused Sclerotium rolfsii of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)." JERAMI Indonesian Journal of Crop Science 2, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jijcs.2.2.65-71.2020.

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This study was conducted to assess the biocontrol efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM Fungi) against stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in peanut. The AM Fungi can be associated with almost all types of plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) as a potential biofungisida against Sclerotium rolfsii and can characterize the mechanism of the FMA in controlling S.rolfsii (salicylic acid) on peanut plants. The AM Fungi inoculant (40 spores g-1 in concentration) was introduced to peanut seedling (25 g plant-1 ) at planting time where as Sclerotium rolfsii inoculated 30 days after planting time. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design (CRD), which is 7 treatment sand repeated 10 times in the greenhouse experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STAT program 8 and the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The AM Fungi treatments showed significantly redused the percentage of disease severity in infected peanut plants around 34.28% - 57.15% and longer incubation period, respectively. They increased root colonization (20,00 - 46.67%) with a middle to high category. The AM Fungi C isolate (isolated from Solok county), and the A isolate (isolated from Payakumbuh city) were the best as a biocontrol against S rolfsii (57.15%), followed by isolate D (isolated from Padang Pariaman county) 54,30 %. They also increased Salicylic acid content 1,4 times (70.72 ppm) compared to control (49,59 ppm). It can be concluded that the application of AM Fungi as a biocontrol agent played an important role in plant resistance and exhibit greater potential to protect peanut plants against S. rolfsii.

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Ejdys, Elżbieta. "Fungi isolated in school buildings." Acta Mycologica 42, no. 2 (December 23, 2013): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2007.028.

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The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of fungi occurring on wall surfaces and in the air in school buildings. Fungi isolated from the air using the sedimentation method and from the walls using the surface swab technique constituted the study material. Types of finish materials on wall surfaces were identified and used in the analysis. Samples were collected in selected areas in two schools: classrooms, corridors, men's toilets and women's toilets, cloakrooms, sports changing rooms and shower. Examinations were conducted in May 2005 after the heating season was over. Fungi were incubated on Czapek-Dox medium at three parallel temperatures: 25, 37 and 40°C, for at least three weeks. A total of 379 isolates of fungi belonging to 32 genera of moulds, yeasts and yeast-like fungi were obtained from 321 samples in the school environment. The following genera were isolated most frequently: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. Of the 72 determined species, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum occurred most frequently in the school buildings. Wall surfaces were characterised by an increased prevalence of mycobiota in comparison with the air in the buildings, with a slightly greater species diversity. A certain species specificity for rough and smooth wall surfaces was demonstrated. Fungi of the genera Cladosporium and Emericella with large spores adhered better to smooth surfaces while those of the genus Aspergillus with smaller conidia adhered better to rough surfaces. The application of three incubation temperatures helped provide a fuller picture of the mycobiota in the school environment.

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Tosi, Solveig, Begoña Casado, Renato Gerdol, and Giuseppe Caretta. "Fungi isolated from Antarctic mosses." Polar Biology 25, no. 4 (April 2002): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-001-0337-8.

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Del Frate, Giuseppe, and Giuseppe Caretta. "Fungi isolated from Antarctic material." Polar Biology 11, no. 1 (December 1990): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00236515.

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Hasan Basri, Muhammad, Lalu Zulkifli, and Abdul Syukur. "Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Vitex trifolia L and Antagonism Test against Sclerotium rolfsii and pathogenic bacteria." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2340.

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Plant damage by pathogenic fungi is often found in plants, one of which is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Biological control strategy offers a promising alternative for managing disease in plants because they are environmental friendly compared to pesticides application. One of the biological control offered is by using endophytic fungi isolated from Vitex trivolia L. The aim of the study was to isolate, to identify macroscopic and microscopic endophytic fungi from Vitex trifolia L and to test their antagonism potency against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The isolation obtained 7 endophytic fungi isolates identified based on their genus characteristics, nsmely Periconia sp, Aspergillussp, Dendrophoma sp, Geotrichum sp, Ampulliferina sp, Chalara sp, dan Bispora sp and 2 isolates have not been identified. The Antibacterial test of the fungi isolate on the 4 tested bacteria showed that of all the fungi isolate have low activity. The antagonism test using the direct opposition method with the PIRG formula, showed that the 3 isolates had high percentage of growth inhibition, in which ALJ1, BLJ5, and ALJ3 isolate has 85%, 90%, and 100% respectively. This potency could be used as biological agents on the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.

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Pięta, Danuta, and Irena Kiecana. "Mycoflora of Viola wittrockiana Games seeds." Acta Agrobotanica 44, no. 1-2 (2013): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1991.003.

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Thirty seed speciments of Viola wittrockiana harvested in the years 1985-1987 were investigated. As a result of mycological analysis, 1808 fungi isolates belonging to 19 species were obtained. Most frequently isolated species was Alternaria alternata whose isolates made 26 % of isolations of all the fungi. Among the fungi isolated particularly from undisinfected seeds the species from the Penicillium kind were dominant. Pathogenic fungi like Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium culmorum were also isolated from the investigated seeds.

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Prasetyo, Angga, Boy Rahardjo Sidharta, Yustina Sri Hartini, and Exsyupransia Mursyanti. "Toxicity of Bioactive Compound from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Utilizing Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay." Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/bio.v7i1.6000.

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Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) has been proven to show anticancer activity. Direct use bioactive compound from red ginger has many obstacles such as large amount of red ginger’s rhizome needed, limitation of planting area, and very long time of harvesting. Utilization of endophytic fungi from red ginger’s rhizome could be an alternative to the problems. The aims of this study were to determine bioactive compound produced by endophytic fungi and toxicity activity based on LC50. Endophytic fungi were isolated from red ginger and were identified macroscopically and microscopically. The bioactive compounds were extracted using ethanol 96%. Flavonoid test was done qualitatively, bioactive compounds were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and the toxicity test was done using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). The present research found two endophytic fungi isolated from red ginger rhizome. Isolate 1 was similar to Mucor sp. and isolate 2 was similar to Trichoderma sp. Phytochemical test revealed bioactive compound extracted from the isolates were contained flavonoid. TLC analysis did not detect quercetin from the bioactive compound extracted from the isolates. LC50 values of the bioactive compound from the isolates were 2.300 and 1.747 µg/ml, respectively. The toxicological results suggest that both isolates produce non-toxic compound to Artemia salina.

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Ariyo, Adeniran Lateef, Makun Hussaini Anthony, and Muhammad Hadiza Lami. "Survey of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Concentrated Poultry Feed in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of Food Research 2, no. 2 (March 27, 2013): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n2p128.

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In Nigeria, concentrated poultry feed is a vital component of animal production and health but there was no reliable mycogram in Niger state, Nigeria. As a result this study determined the incidence of mycotoxigenic fungi in both commercial and privately milled concentrated poultry feeds. A total of 100 poultry feed samples consisting of 52 privately milled poultry feed and 48 commercial feed samples were collected. Mycoflora in the feed was determined. Nine fungi genera were isolated. The most frequently isolated fungi genera in both privately milled and commercial feed was Aspergillus spp which was about 40% of mould isolate. Penicillium spp is 20% in private feed and 13% in commercial feed. A total of 874 fungi were isolated consisting of 458 fungi species in privately milled feed and 416 fungi species found in commercial feed. Mycotoxigenic fungi genera, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria were isolated. Aspergillus flavus is the commonest isolated fungi species.

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Kurandawad, Jayshree M., and H. C. Lakshman H. C. Lakshman. "Diversity of the Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Oxalis Corniculata Linn." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2014/141.

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Zainal ariffin, Zaidah. "Aspergillus sydowii Strain SCAU066 and Aspergillus versicolor Isolate BAB-6580: Potential Source of Xylanolytic, Cellulolytic and Amylolytic Enzymes." Science Letters 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v14i2.9539.

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Fungi is known to produce a wide range of biologically active metabolites and enzymes. Enzymes produced by fungi are utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries because of their rich enzymatic profile. Filamentous fungi are particularly interesting due to their high production of extracellular enzymes which has a large industrial potential. The aim of this study is to isolate potential soil fungi species that are able to produce functional enzymes for industries. Five Aspergillus species were successfully isolated from antibiotic overexposed soil (GPS coordinate of N3.093219 E101.40269) by standard microbiological method. The isolated fungi were identified via morphological observations and molecular tools; polymerase chain reactions, ITS 1 (5’- TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G3’) forward primer and ITS 4 (5’-TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3’) reverse primer. The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus sydowii strain SCAU066, Aspergillus tamarii isolate TN-7, Aspergillus candidus strain KUFA 0062, Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580, and Aspergillus protuberus strain KAS 6024. Supernatant obtained via submerged fermentation of the isolated fungi in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and extracted via centrifugation was loaded onto specific media to screen for the production of xylanolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes. The present findings indicate that Aspergillus sydowii strain SCAU066 and Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580 have great potential as an alternative source of xylanolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes.

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Ibrahim, Darah, Chong Chai Lee, and Lim Sheh-Hong. "Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Swietenia macrophylla Leaves." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 2 (February 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900229.

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The endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Swietenia macrophylla of different ages were examined for antimicrobial activity. The agar plug diffusion assay was used for primary screening, followed by the disc diffusion method. A total of 461 filamentous endophytic fungi were isolated and cultured to examine their antimicrobial properties. In the primary screen, 315 isolates (68.3%) exhibited activity against at least one of the test pathogenic microorganisms. The percentage of isolates exhibiting antimicrobial activity increased with leaf age. Endophytic fungal assemblages, as well as those isolates exhibiting antimicrobial properties appeared to increase with leaf age. The main antimicrobial compounds were produced extracellularly by the endophytic fungi. The results suggest that healthy leaves at older stages of growth can be a potential source for the isolation of endophytic fungi with antimicrobial properties.

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Bååth, Erland. "A critical examination of the soil washing technique with special reference to the effect of the size of the soil particles." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-215.

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The fungal species composition found by using the soil washing technique was affected by the number of species that were isolated from each particle. The particular species that were present were also of importance. Usually, slow-growing fungi were less often isolated if many other species or if heavily sporulating isolates were present. Faster growing species were also affected. Thus, Mortierella pulchella was seldom isolated from a soil particle with another Mortierella species. The use of small particles, where more than one isolate was seldom found, favoured the isolation of slow-growing fungi. The use of small particles with the soil washing technique thus appeared to give a more realistic picture of the fungal community.

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Ojeda-Robertos, Nadia Florencia, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, Agustín Olmedo-Juárez, Carlos Luna-Palomera, Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres, Maria Eugenia López-Arellano, and Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives. "In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi isolated from water buffalo feces and from soil in the Mexican southeastern." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 2 (April 2019): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019011.

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Abstract Nematophagous fungi from the feces of water buffalo and soil from southeastern Mexico were isolated, and their in vitro predatory activity against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) (HcL3) was assessed. The fungi were isolated by sprinkling soil or feces on water agar plates. Six series of 10 Petri dishes containing a 7-day-old culture of each fungus and a series without fungi as the control were prepared. Five hundred HcL3 were added to each plate. The plates were incubated at room temperature. The average of recovered HcL3 was considered to estimate the larval reduction rate. Four nematophagous fungi isolates corresponding to Arthrobotrys oligospora, var microspora (strains 4-276, 269 and 50-80) and one identified as A. oligospora,var. oligospora (isolates 48-80) were obtained from water buffalo feces. From the soil, five isolates were isolated; three corresponded to A. musiformis (Bajío, Yumca and Macuspana isolates), and two isolates were identified as A. oligospora (Comalcalco and Jalapa de Méndez isolates). The predatory activity of isolates from water buffalo feces ranged between 85.9 and 100%. Meanwhile, the fungi from the soil ranged between 55.5 and 100% (p≤0.05). The nematophagous fungi obtained could have important implications in the control of parasites of importance in the livestock industry.

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Wubah, D. A., M. S. Fuller, and D. E. Akin. "Isolation of monocentric and polycentric fungi from the rumen and feces of cows in Georgia." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-158.

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Three monocentric and two polycentric obligately anaerobic zoosporic fungi were isolated from the rumen, freshly voided feces, and dry and moist feces. Rumen isolates were morphologically similar to fecal isolates from the same animal. The monocentric isolates were Piromyces communis, Neocallimastix frontalis, and Caecomyces communis. The polycentric isolates were Orpinomyces bovis and Orpinomyces sp. type PC3. Piromyces communis and N. frontalis were obtained from feces stored for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Orpinomyces bovis and Orpinomyces sp. type PC3 were isolated from dry feces, but not moist feces, stored for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Caecomyces communis was isolated only from feces stored for 6 weeks. All the isolates, except C. communis, formed melanized sporangia in pure culture. Structures that were morphologically similar to the melanized sporangia of rumen fungi were observed in fecal smears.The fecal isolates grew under conditions similar to the rumen, but not under aerobic conditions. Key words: rumen fungi, Chytridiomycetes, fecal fungi.

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Vu, Tam, Richard Sikora, and Rüdiger Hauschild. "Fusarium oxysporum endophytes induced systemic resistance against Radopholus similis on banana." Nematology 8, no. 6 (2006): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854106779799259.

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AbstractFour mutualistic endophytic fungal isolates were investigated for their ability to induce systemic resistance in banana toward the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis in glasshouse experiments. Two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and one of F. cf. diversisporum isolated from the cortical tissue of banana, and another isolate of F. oxysporum isolated from tomato, were compared. When the root systems of seedling banana plants were pre-inoculated with the four endophytic fungi, R. similis root penetration was reduced by 29-39% and 22-41% 5 and 15 days after nematode inoculation, respectively. Induction of systemic resistance to R. similis in banana roots by the same endophytic fungi was tested in a split-root system. Depending on the isolate, the penetration rates decreased between 30-38.5% and 26.7-45% after 5 and 15 days in the untreated half of the split-root system of plants treated with the endophytic strains when compared to those treated without the fungi. This is the first time that systemic resistance induced by a fungal endophyte has been demonstrated in banana.

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Ali, Alimuddin, and Herlina Rante. "Karakterisasi Mikrobia Rizosfer asal Tanaman Ginseng Jawa (Talinum triangulare) berdasarkan Gen Ribosomal 16S rRNA dan 18S rRNA." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 3, no. 2 (October 20, 2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.552.

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The rhizosphere is a biologically active zone of the soil around plant roots that contains soil-borne microbes including bacteria and fungi. The microbes were isolated from rhizosphere soil roots of Java ginseng. The population of microbes was estimated by plate count method. The isolates were identified based on a great variety of morphological, and cultural characteristics. The total of rhizosphere soil microbe population were 20.91(106 cfu.g−1soils) and showed that 12 isolates of bacteria, 15 isolates of actinomycetes, and 10 isolates of fungi which were found in all of soil samples. The molecular analysis of the ribosomal genes showed that the bacterial isolate, actinomycetes and fungi were closely related to of Staphylococcus sp. DGM (JF923460), Streptomyces avidinii (EU593640) and fungi Aspergillus niger (HQ379853), respectively. Key words: rhizosphere, Java ginseng, 16S rRNA gene, 18S rRNA gene

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Okorski, Adam, and Barbara Majchrzak. "Fungi isolated from soil before the seeding and after harvest of pea (Pisum sativum L.) after application of bio-control product EM 1 TM." Acta Agrobotanica 60, no. 1 (2012): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2007.014.

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A field experiment was performed during the years 2003- -2005. An influence of EM (Effective Microorganisms) on the composition and number of fungi isolated from soil was found in the experiment. A total of 18111 fungal cultures were isolated from the roots of pea at flowering stage. The highest amount and the lowest diversity of fungi were obtained from rhizosphere of pea treated with pesticides (3257 colonies). The greatest diversity of fungi was found in the case of rhizosphere and rhizoplane, where EM was used in soil with the supplement of pesticides. The greatest amount and diversity of fungi were found from the plant roots of the control object. During the flowering stage, the fungi most frequently isolated from soil belonged to the genus Penicillium (40.78% of all isolates) and Fusarium (33.37% of all isolates).

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Szczeponek, A., and S. Mazur. "investigation of fungi infesting the caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) in the south region of Poland." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10486-pps.

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Studies on the incidence the caraway seeds for pathogen infestation and test the pathogenicity of isolated fungi to caraway seedlings were carried out. A total of 383 fungi were isolated from seeds with evident symptoms of disease and without symptoms of disease. In this case a complex of different pathogens was isolated, among which Alternaria, Fusarium and Epicoccum were predominant. Pathogenicity assay on caraway seedlings was performed using isolates originating from caraway seeds. All tested fungi showed a very high aggressiveness in pathogenicity test.

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Ribera, Javier, Mark Schubert, Siegfried Fink, Marco Cartabia, and Francis W. M. R. Schwarze. "Premature failure of utility poles in Switzerland and Germany related to wood decay basidiomycetes." Holzforschung 71, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2016-0134.

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Abstract In contact with soil, copper (Cu) formulations as preservatives are expected to inhibit wood decay by fungi and other soil-borne microorganisms. However, Cu-resistant brown-rot (BR) fungi lead to premature failures of utility poles at some sites. In this study, the service lives of 111 utility poles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) (73 from Switzerland and 38 from Germany) impregnated with Cu-based wood preservatives were investigated. Three segments of each utility pole were analyzed. The severity of decay was dependent on the preservative formulation. BR fungi and in particular Antrodia species were predominantly isolated from utility poles that were not treated with a co-biocide, e.g. boron (B). Cu-sensitivity of several isolated BR fungi was confirmed in studies on Cu-amended medium and in Cu-treated wood. Isolates of Fibroporia vaillantii and Serpula himantioides showed a higher Cu-tolerance than the highly Cu-tolerant Empa isolate Rhodonia placenta (Empa 45) or Antrodia serialis.

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Michalczyk, Alicja, Anna Cieniecka-Rosłonkiewicz, and Małgorzata Cholewińska. "Plant endophytic fungi as a source of paclitaxel." Herba Polonica 60, no. 4 (March 1, 2015): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hepo-2015-0002.

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SummaryEndophytic fungi were isolated from different parts of the plants Corylus avellana (Corylaceae) and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) and then identified to the genus level based on the morphology of the fungal culture and the characteristics of the spores. The fungicidal and antitumor activity of isolates and extracts obtained from them was determined. We found that a few isolates from Corylus avellana and Ocimum basilicum produced metabolites that inhibited the growth of Oomycetes fungi to a highly significant extent. In the potato disc bioassay only an extract from the isolate C-9 showed an inhibitory action in tumor development. Paclitaxel presence in extract from the isolate C-9 was confirmed using the thin layer chromatography method (TLC) and UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis. The above results indicated that the tested samples revealed an antitumor activity. The detection of paclitaxel in the isolate C-9 suggests that the antitumor activity resulted probably from the presence of this taxane in the tested material.

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Cwalina-Ambrozik, Bożena, and Barbara Majchrzak. "Fungi occurring on seeds of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.)." Acta Agrobotanica 53, no. 2 (2013): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2000.011.

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Laboratory experiment were caried out to isolate fungi from the seeds of goat rue cultivated with and without fertilization. Additionally, kind of medium (PDA and mineral medium) and mean of preparation seeds, were factors differentiated number of fungi. Species such as Alternaria alternata (51,6%) and Botrytis cinerea (20,4% of total colony) were isolated from seeds most frequently. From combination without fertilization 7,2% more isolates were obtained. Mineral medium and superficial disinfection of seeds had reducing influence on number of isolates.

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Parkinson, Louisamarie E., Roger G. Shivas, and Elizabeth K. Dann. "Pathogenicity of Nectriaceous Fungi on Avocado in Australia." Phytopathology® 107, no. 12 (December 2017): 1479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-17-0084-r.

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Black root rot is a severe disease of young avocado trees in Australia causing black necrotic roots, tree stunting, and leaf drop prior to tree death. Nectriaceous fungi (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), are commonly isolated from symptomatic roots. This research tested the pathogenicity of 19 isolates from Calonectria, Cylindrocladiella, Dactylonectria, Gliocladiopsis, and Ilyonectria, spp. collected from young avocado trees and other hosts. Glasshouse pathogenicity tests with ‘Reed’ avocado (Persea americana) seedlings confirmed that Calonectria ilicicola is a severe pathogen of avocado, causing stunting, wilting, and seedling death within 5 weeks of inoculation. Isolates of C. ilicicola from peanut, papaya, and custard apple were also shown to be aggressive pathogens of avocado, demonstrating a broad host range. An isolate of a Calonectria sp. from blueberry and avocado isolates of Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, and D. anthuriicola caused significant root rot but not stunting within 5 to 9 weeks of inoculation. An isolate of an Ilyonectria sp. from grapevine closely related to Ilyonectria liriodendri, and avocado isolates of Cylindrocladiella pseudoinfestans, Gliocladiopsis peggii, and an Ilyonectria sp. were not pathogenic to avocado.

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Pimentel, Ida Chapaval, Chirlei Glienke-Blanco, Juarez Gabardo, Rodrigo Makowiecky Stuart, and João Lúcio Azevedo. "Identification and colonization of endophytic fungi from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) under different environmental conditions." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 5 (September 2006): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000600003.

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A total of 297 endophytic fungi were isolated from 1728 leaf and stem fragments collected about twenty and forty days after germination from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) plants grown in the field and a greenhouse. The fungi belonged to eight groups, six dematiaceous genera (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Drechslera and Scopulariopsis) and the non-dematiaceous genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Paecilomyces and Penicillium along with some Mycelia sterilia.. There were qualitative and quantitative differences in the type and number of isolates obtained from greenhouse and field-grown plants, with more isolates being obtained from the latter. No difference was found in the number of fungi isolated from leaves and stems irrespective of where the plants was grown. For was field-grown plants, the number of isolates decreased as the plants aged and more fungi were found in tissues near the soil, while for greenhouse-grown plants the number of isolates increased as the plants aged but in this case no more fungi were isolated from those tissues nearer the soil. These results could have biotechnological relevance for the biological control of pests or plant growth promotion.

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Hasibuan, Ida R., Nyoman Semadi Antara, and I. M. Mahaputra Wijaya. "Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Pelapuk Putih Pendegradasi Lignin dari Limbah Cair Pulp dan Kayu Lapuk Eukaliptus (Eucalyptus sp)." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2021.v09.i01.p12.

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Lignin is an organic polymer compound that is difficult to degrade in the environment because of its very complex structure consisting of an aromatic ring group and three carbons in the side chain. This exploratory study aims to determine whether white rot fungi isolated from wastewater from eucalypt pulp and weathered wood are lignolytic and the ability of the isolates to degrade tannins as an approach in the lignin degradation process. The experimental design is divided into two stages, namely: 1) Isolation of fungi that have the ability to degrade tannins quantitatively and qualitatively as well as characterization of fungi morphologically (macroscopic and microscopic). 2) Testing the ability of superior white rot fungus isolates in degrading tannins at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of tannins. The brown zone formed in white rot fungal isolates was measured the zone diameter and intensity of the brown color. The results of this study indicate that of the 29 isolates obtained, there were five superior isolates capable of degrading tannins, namely isolates LD06, LD07, BE01.3, BE01.4 and BE02.2. BE01.3 was isolated at 2% tannin concentration, the second largest diameter of the brown zone after LD06 isolate and the highest brown color intensity level three with a slightly dark brown color intensity, namely slightly blackish brown. Keywords: Isolation, characterization, white rot fungi, tannins, lignin degradation

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Duddu, Midhun Kumar, and Girijasankar Guntuku. "ISOLATION, SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM KAPULUPPADA PLASTIC WASTE DUMPING YARD, VISAKHAPATNAM." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2016): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i11.10110.

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Objective: To isolate, screen and characterize antibiotic producing actinomycetes from Kapuluppada plastic waste dumping yard, Visakhapatnam.Methods: A total of 12 soil samples were collected, serially diluted and spread on starch casein agar supplemented with Rifampicin and Cycloheximide for inhibition of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Cross-streak method was used to check the antagonistic activity of isolated actinomycetes against bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts from submerged state fermentation were used for the production of antimicrobial compounds. Agar well diffusion method was used for antimicrobial activity of crude extracts against test organisms. The isolates were characterized by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods.Results: A total of 110 actinomycete isolates were isolated from plastic waste dumping yard. All isolates had shown antimicrobial activity against one or more tested bacteria/fungi. The crude extract of the isolates PD66 (12.2 mm), PD85 (11.5 mm) were most active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, PD4 (14.1 mm), PD66 (15.6 mm) were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas the extracts of PD10 (19.2 mm), PD47 (19.8 mm), PD106 (19.1 mm) were active against Candida albicans, PD10 (14.6 mm), PD82 (15.7 mm) active against Saccharomyces cereviciae. The isolates had shown varying morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics.Conclusion: The actinomycetes isolated from Kapuluppada plastic waste dumping yard were found to be most promising microorganisms for the production of antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics.

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I, Vinibha Rajakumari, Kalyanaraman Rajagopal, Sriraman V, Vanitha V, and Mohanasundaram S. "Various chemical groups produced by endophytic fungi isolated from the Calotropis procera- A pharmaceutically important xerophytic plant." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v9i1.1188.

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In the present study leaf tissue of host plant Calotropis procera was screened for the presence of endophytic fungi. The crude extract of the isolated endophytic fungi was tested for various chemical groups like alkaloids, flavonoids, diterpenoids and phenols. Our study showed the presence of 25 endophytic fungi isolated from the leaf tissue which constituted15 Hyphomycetes, 3 Ascomycetes, 3 Coelomycetes and 4 sterile forms. The qualitative analysis in all the 25 isolates showed the presence of alkaloid, phenol in 23 fungi, flavonoid in 19 and diterpenoids in 18 fungi. Fifteen endophytic fungi produced all chemical groups tested in the crude extract. Bipolaris sp a hyphomycete produced only one compound in culture. Among the four groups endophytic fungi Coelomycetes group able to produce all chemical groups tested. Keywords: Endophytic fungi; Alkaloid; Flavonoid; Diterpenoids

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Mircea, Cornelia, Antonia Poiata, Cristina Tuchilus, Luminita Agoroaei, Elena Butnaru, and Ursula Stanescu. "Aflatoxigenic fungi isolated from medicinal herbs." Toxicology Letters 180 (October 2008): S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.340.

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Sterner, Olov, and Heidrun Anke. "Toxic terpenoids isolated from higher fungi." Czech Mycology 48, no. 1 (May 16, 1995): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33585/cmy.48106.

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Vijayalakshmi, S., S. Deepa, A. Panneerselvam, and K. Kanimozhi. "Antimicrobial compounds isolated from endophytic fungi." Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation 7, no. 2 (September 15, 2013): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.007.002.001.

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Tan, T. K., H. H. Yeoh, and K. E. Tian. "Cellulolytic fungi isolated from wood shavings." Mycopathologia 90, no. 2 (May 1985): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00436857.

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Mercantini, R., R. Marsella, and M. C. Cervellati. "Keratinophilic fungi isolated from antarctic soil." Mycopathologia 106, no. 1 (April 1989): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00436926.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fungi isolated'

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