Academic literature on the topic 'Fungi isolates'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fungi isolates"
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Vaz, Aline B. M., Rubens C. Mota, Maria Rosa Q. Bomfim, et al. "Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with Orchidaceae in Brazil." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 12 (2009): 1381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-101.
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The purpose of this study was to examine antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, stems, and roots of 54 species of Orchidaceae collected in a Brazilian tropical ecosystem. In total, 382 filamentous fungi and 13 yeast isolates were obtained and cultured to examine the production of crude extracts. Thirty-three percent of the isolates displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one target microorganism. The multivariate statistical analyses conducted indicate that the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of terrestrial orchids in semideciduous forest were more active against Escherichia coli , whereas extracts of endophytic fungi from roots of rupicolous orchids collected in rock fields were more active against Candida krusei and Candida albicans . Among the fungi that were screened in the study, 22 isolates held their antimicrobial activities after replication and were therefore selected for assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which ranged from 62.5 to 250 µg/mL and 7.8 to 250 µg/mL against bacteria and fungi, respectively. One isolate of Alternaria sp. and one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum presented the strongest antibacterial activity. Three Fusarium isolates, Epicoccum nigrum , and Sclerostagonospora opuntiae showed the greatest MIC values against the pathogenic yeasts. This study is the first survey investigating the bioactive potential of endophytic fungi associated with tropical Orchidaceae species present in Brazilian ecosystems.
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Fajarningsih, Nurrahmi Dewi, Muhammad Nursid, and Ekowati Chasanah. "Screening of Antitumor Bioactivity of Fungi Associated with Macro Algae and Sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i2.25.
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This research was aimed to isolate marine derived-fungi which associated with macro algae and sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta and to screen the antitumor (T47D and HeLa) bioactivity of the fungi extracts. Three solid media of MEA (malt extract agar), GPY (glucose peptone yeast) and MFM (minimal fungi medium) were used as isolation medium. Each of the pure fungi isolates was then cultivated in 100 ml of liquid medium for 4 weeks at room temperature (27-28°C) in static conditions. The antitumor activity of the fungi extracts were tested against breast tumor cells (T47D) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) assay method. A number of 21 isolates of fungi were isolated from 4 macro algae and 1 sponge samples. The identification of fungi isolate was conducted using combination of molecular approach (ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 DNA regions) and macro-micro morphological characteristics. Among those 21 marine fungi species isolated, MFGK-21 extract showed the best anti-servical tumor (HeLa) with an IC50 value of 240.1 µg/ml and MFGK-27 extract showed the best anti-breast tumor (T47D) with an IC50 value of 59.6 µg/ml. The MFGK-21 fungi isolate was identified as Penicillium steckii, while the MFGK-27 fungi isolate was identified as Aspergillus sydowii.
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ABDEL-MONAIM, Montaser Fawzy. "Integrated Management of Damping-off, Root and/or Stem Rot Diseases of Chickpea and Efficacy of the Suggested Formula." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 3 (2011): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb336134.
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Eleven fungal isolates were isolated from naturally infected chickpea roots collected from different locations in New Valley Governorate (Egypt). The isolated fungi were purified and identified as Rhizoctonia solani (5 isolates), Fusarium solani (4 isolates) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (2 isolates). The isolated fungi proved their pathogenicity on cv. ‘Giza 3’. Response of chickpea cvs. ‘Giza 1’, ‘Giza 2’, ‘Giza 3’, ‘Giza 4’, ‘Giza 88’, ‘Giza 195’, ‘Giza 531’ to infection by the tested fungi was significantly varied. ‘Giza 1’ was the most resistant one followed by ‘Giza 531’, while the other tested cvs. were highly susceptible. Seven biocontrol agents, namely Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, were tested for their antagonistic action against the tested pathogens. B. subtilis isolate BSM1, B. megaterium isolate TVM5, T. viride isolate TVM2 and T. harzianum isolate THM4 were the most antagonistic ones to the tested fungi in vitro, while the other isolates were moderate or weak antagonists. The most antagonistic isolates as well as the commercial biocide Rhizo-N were applied as seed treatment for controlling damping-off, root and/or stem rot diseases caused by the tested fungi under greenhouse conditions. The obtained data showed that all tested antagonistic isolates were able to cause significant reduction of damping-off, root and/or stem rot diseases in chickpea plants. T. viride (isolate TVM2) and B. megaterium (isolate BMM5) proved to be the most effective isolates for controlling the diseases. Under field condition, the obtained data indicated that all the tested antagonistic isolates significantly reduced damping-off, root and/or stem rot. T. viride (isolate TVM2) and B. megaterium (isolate BMM5) recorded the highest reduction of damping-off, root and/or stem rot in all sowing dates. Sowing of treated seeds with bioagents in first of November gave the highest protection against root diseases in chickpea. The reduction in damping-off, root and/or stem rot severity was significantly reflected on the produced seed yield. In this respect, seeds previously treated with T. viride (TVM2) produced the highest seed yield in all sowing dates followed by seed treated with B. megaterium (TVM5). First of November was the best sowing date to reduce these diseases and to increase seed yield/fed. On the other hand, the antagonistic isolates isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, were most active than the commercial biocide Rhizo-N in reducing chickpea root diseases and increase of seed yield in greenhouse and field conditions.
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Ababutain, Ibtisam Mohammed, Sahar Khamees Aldosary, Amal Abdulaziz Aljuraifani, et al. "Identification and Antibacterial Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia sieberi." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6651020.
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Endophytic fungi serve as a reservoir for important secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Artemisia sieberi. Initially, six endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem of A. sieberi. Endophytic fungi were identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by molecular identification using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the six isolates were subjected to the preliminary screening for their antibacterial activity against nine important pathogenic bacteria using the disk-diffusion method. Crude extracts of the most active isolate were obtained using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using well diffusion method on the selected isolate. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected isolate was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values were in appreciable quantity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 3.125 to 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 to 50 µg/mL, respectively. This result indicated that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the endophytic fungi extract. Moreover, the molecular identification results revealed that all the isolates belong to Ascomycota and represented Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and three species: A. oryzae (three isolates), A. niger (one isolate), and P. chrysogenum (two isolates). All six endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of at least two of the tested bacteria. Among the isolated strains, isolate AS2, which identified as P. chrysogenum, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all nine tested bacteria and was higher than or equal to the positive control against most of the tested bacteria. Future studies are required to isolate and identify these bioactive substances, which can be considered as a potential source for the synthesis of new antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases.
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Hasan Basri, Muhammad, Lalu Zulkifli, and Abdul Syukur. "Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Vitex trifolia L and Antagonism Test against Sclerotium rolfsii and pathogenic bacteria." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 1 (2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2340.
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Plant damage by pathogenic fungi is often found in plants, one of which is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Biological control strategy offers a promising alternative for managing disease in plants because they are environmental friendly compared to pesticides application. One of the biological control offered is by using endophytic fungi isolated from Vitex trivolia L. The aim of the study was to isolate, to identify macroscopic and microscopic endophytic fungi from Vitex trifolia L and to test their antagonism potency against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The isolation obtained 7 endophytic fungi isolates identified based on their genus characteristics, nsmely Periconia sp, Aspergillussp, Dendrophoma sp, Geotrichum sp, Ampulliferina sp, Chalara sp, dan Bispora sp and 2 isolates have not been identified. The Antibacterial test of the fungi isolate on the 4 tested bacteria showed that of all the fungi isolate have low activity. The antagonism test using the direct opposition method with the PIRG formula, showed that the 3 isolates had high percentage of growth inhibition, in which ALJ1, BLJ5, and ALJ3 isolate has 85%, 90%, and 100% respectively. This potency could be used as biological agents on the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.
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Gofar, Nuni. "Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Decomposing Fungi Isolated from Mangrove Rhizosphere." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.39-45.
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The research was done to obtain the isolates of soil borne fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere which were capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The soil samples were collected from South Sumatra mangrove forest which was contaminated by petroleum. The isolates obtained were selected based on their ability to survive, to grow and to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in medium containing petroleum residue. There were 3 isolates of soil borne hydrocarbonoclastic fungi which were able to degrade petroleum in vitro. The 3 isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigates, A. parasiticus, and Chrysonilia sitophila. C. sitophila was the best isolate to decrease total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from medium containing 5-20% petroleum residue.Keywords: Hydrocarbonoclastic fungi, hydrocarbon compounds, mangrove rhizosphere
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Ali, Alimuddin, and Herlina Rante. "Karakterisasi Mikrobia Rizosfer asal Tanaman Ginseng Jawa (Talinum triangulare) berdasarkan Gen Ribosomal 16S rRNA dan 18S rRNA." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 3, no. 2 (2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.552.
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The rhizosphere is a biologically active zone of the soil around plant roots that contains soil-borne microbes including bacteria and fungi. The microbes were isolated from rhizosphere soil roots of Java ginseng. The population of microbes was estimated by plate count method. The isolates were identified based on a great variety of morphological, and cultural characteristics. The total of rhizosphere soil microbe population were 20.91(106 cfu.g−1soils) and showed that 12 isolates of bacteria, 15 isolates of actinomycetes, and 10 isolates of fungi which were found in all of soil samples. The molecular analysis of the ribosomal genes showed that the bacterial isolate, actinomycetes and fungi were closely related to of Staphylococcus sp. DGM (JF923460), Streptomyces avidinii (EU593640) and fungi Aspergillus niger (HQ379853), respectively. Key words: rhizosphere, Java ginseng, 16S rRNA gene, 18S rRNA gene
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Hakim, Safinah Surya, Tri Wira Yuwati, and Sari Nurulita. "Isolation of peat swamp forest foliar endophyte fungi as biofertilizer." Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management 5, no. 1 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v5i1.111.
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<p><span>Peatland restoration activity is facing many obstacles, particularly in planting techniques and poor nutrient in peat soil. Naturally, endophytic fungi are abundant and have great potential as biofertilizer. This research investigates the potential endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of peat swamp tree species for biofertilizer. Research activities include: exploration, in vitro test to examine the phosphate solubilization and identification. Result showed that there were 360 leave segments collected from 4 sampling locations. The colonization percentage of 222 isolates ranged from 52.17% - 60.17%. Fifty seven morphospecies were selected from 222 isolates. Twelve isolates demonstrated ability to produce clear zones and ten isolates were selected for identification. It is concluded that twelve isolated demonstrated potential ability to produce clear zone and <em>Penicillum citrinum</em> isolate P3.10 was identified as an isolate that show the highest potential ability as a biofertilizer</span></p>
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Pakadang, Sesilia Rante, Ismat Marsus, and Ihsanawati Ihsanawati. "Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungus Isolates of Mangrove Fruit (Sonneratia alba) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli." JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN 19, no. 1 (2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol19.iss1.416.
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Endophytic fungi live and associate in plant tissues and have a mutualistic relationship. Endophytic fungi produce various compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids which are the same as secondary metabolites from their host plants. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) and to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolates against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The type of research is pre-experimental design, one shoot case study. The methods used are isolation, identification and agar diffusion. The pieces of mangrove fruit were disinfected and then cultured on SDA media to grow endophytic fungi isolates. The isolates were cultured repeatedly until pure isolates were obtained. The test of isolate activity against antibacterial was determined by the agar diffusion method with the test material of 2 isolates of endophytic fungi on Nutrient Agar (NA) media. The results showed that the mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) produced two isolates of endophytic fungi that could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was concluded that the mangrove fruit culture produced 2 isolates, which are isolate 1 Aspergillus niger and isolate 2 Aspergillus flavus. Isolate 1 and isolate 2 had the potential as antibacterial against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Isolate 2 was more effective than isolate 1 in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. It is recommended to test the pharmacological and microbiological activity of the findings of isolates 1 and 2 in vivo.
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Parkinson, Louisamarie E., Roger G. Shivas, and Elizabeth K. Dann. "Pathogenicity of Nectriaceous Fungi on Avocado in Australia." Phytopathology® 107, no. 12 (2017): 1479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-17-0084-r.
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Black root rot is a severe disease of young avocado trees in Australia causing black necrotic roots, tree stunting, and leaf drop prior to tree death. Nectriaceous fungi (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), are commonly isolated from symptomatic roots. This research tested the pathogenicity of 19 isolates from Calonectria, Cylindrocladiella, Dactylonectria, Gliocladiopsis, and Ilyonectria, spp. collected from young avocado trees and other hosts. Glasshouse pathogenicity tests with ‘Reed’ avocado (Persea americana) seedlings confirmed that Calonectria ilicicola is a severe pathogen of avocado, causing stunting, wilting, and seedling death within 5 weeks of inoculation. Isolates of C. ilicicola from peanut, papaya, and custard apple were also shown to be aggressive pathogens of avocado, demonstrating a broad host range. An isolate of a Calonectria sp. from blueberry and avocado isolates of Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, and D. anthuriicola caused significant root rot but not stunting within 5 to 9 weeks of inoculation. An isolate of an Ilyonectria sp. from grapevine closely related to Ilyonectria liriodendri, and avocado isolates of Cylindrocladiella pseudoinfestans, Gliocladiopsis peggii, and an Ilyonectria sp. were not pathogenic to avocado.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fungi isolates"
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Lau, Ching-lai, and 劉清麗. "Identification of pathogenic fungal isolates by ITS sequencing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193540.
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In clinical microbiology laboratories, the conventional method for identification of pathogenic fungi is based on fungal culture and observation of fungal phenotypic characters. However, it is time-consuming, subjective and unreliable due to the long incubation period and variations in fungal colony morphology. Thus, there is a need for a rapid, objective and accurate identification of pathogenic fungal isolates. ITS regions are most commonly used targets for molecular identification of fungal pathogens because of the optimal inter- and intra-species variations and large copies in fungal genome. In this study, twenty-two clinical fungal isolates were identified using the phenotypic method and ITS sequencing. The results showed that there were only thirteen isolates identified to species level by phenotypic method, while others were only differentiated in genus level. Due to the poor differentiation based on the conventional phenotypic approach, misidentification of fungal pathogens occasionally occurred. However, ITS sequencing successfully achieved accurate species-level identification of all fungal isolates. The results were demonstrated in phylogenetic trees with high bootstrap support. In conclusion, ITS sequencing is a rapid and reliable for the identification of pathogenic fungal isolates.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Microbiology<br>Master<br>Master of Medical Sciences
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Clipston, Julie. "An investigation into the production by marine-derived fungi of secondary metabolites with pesticidal activities." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343340.
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McCabe, Bernadette K., of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Business and Technology. "Production of cellulolytic enzymes using immobilised anaerobic fungi." THESIS_FBT_XXX_Mccabe_B.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/83.
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An investigation was made into the isolation and screening of highly cellulolytic anaerobic fungi and their production of cellulolytic enzymes using immobilised rhizomycelia. A total of 46 anaerobic fungi were isolated on cellulosic substrates from ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores. Primary screening of these isolates was performed using dye release from cellulose-azure which qualitatively detected cellulolytic activity. Twelve isolates were chosen on the basis of their maximum solubilisation rates of the labelled cellulose and then subjected to secondary screening which involved the quantification of enzyme activity. The enzyme mixtures were characterised by carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, B-glucosidase, B-xylosidase and cellobiase assays, measured by the production of either reducing sugars, p-nitrophenol or glucose. All strains produced a number of enzymes that allowed them to hydrolyse straw and highest enzyme activity was measured in static cultures grown on 0.5% straw. A monocentric isolate, Piromyces strain KSX1 from a red kangaroo, and a cattle polycentric isolate, Orpinomyces strain 478P1, were selected for study of cellulolytic enzyme production on the basis of high fibre digestion capability and amenability toward encapsulation. The immobilised polycentric strain proved to be operationally superior to strain KSX1 as strain 478P1 did not produce any viable growth in the culture liquor. Studies into single batch cultures of free cells of strains KSX1 and 478P1 revealed that the maximum specific rate of B-glucosidase production occurred concomitantly with maximum specific growth rate suggesting that the immobilised fungus must grow for continuous enzyme production to occur. Although the physiology of cellulase synthesis in strains KSX1 and 478P1 was found to be growth-associated, immobilisation of the fungus offered the advantage of the repeat-batch use of cells with the accumulation of extracellular enzymes after each batch. Thus, operational gains were the key issues in assessing the potential application of immobilised anaerobic fungi in the production of cellulolytic enzymes. The repeat-batch system was operationally more efficient than the free cell batch cultures because immobilisation removed the need of reculturing the cells for every single batch.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Giraldo, López Dixie Alejandra. "Taxonomic study of clinical and environmental isolates of arthroconidial, acremonium-like and ochroconis-like fungi." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292251.
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En aquets tesis es vol enfocar en l'estudi dels géneres fúngics Acremonium, Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis,
Sarocladium, Scytalidium i Verruconis. Alguns d'ells són ocasionalment aïllats de mostres clíbiques, encara què,
l'espectre real de les seves espècies en l'area clínica es poc coneguda, sumant-li la seva difícil identificació i
complexa taxonomia. Es van estudiar un total de 248 aïllats, 131 obtingust de mostres clíniques o de sòls i 117
corresponents a soques tipus o de referència de col.leccions internacionals de cultius. La caracterizació fenotípica
dels aïllats es va realitzar a traves de l'observació de les seves característiques macroscópiques i microscópiques. La
identificació molecular, mitjacant la seqüenciació de les regions ribosomals ITS i LSU. Per obtenir una millor resolució
filogenética entre algunes espècies, es van seqüenciar regions parcials d'altres gens (actina, tubulina, factor de
elongació, RNA polimerasa i quitina sintasa). L'activitat in vitro d'alguns antifúngics va a ser evaluata front a espècies
de Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis i Scytalidium. Apart de les espècies comunment conegudes com a patògens
oportunistes A. kalrae i V. gallopava, altres espècies no conegudas previament a partir de mostres clíniques vàren ser
identificades (Arthropsis hispanica, Sarocladium terricola, Scytalidium cuboideum i Ochroconis cordanae). Incluint les
noves espècies descrites aquí: Acremonium dimorphosporum, A. moniliforme, Arthrographis chlamydospora, A.<br>pseudostrictum i S. subulatum. Adicionalment, quatre géneres nous, Acremoniopsis, Brunneomyces, Cervusimilis i
Collarina i 16 nous taxons, Acremoniopsis suttonii, Acremonium asperulatum, A. citrinum, A: parvum, A: pilosum, A.
variecolor, Brunneomyces brunnescens, B. hominis, B. europaeus, Cervusimilis alba, Collarina aurantiaca, Ochroconis
icarus, Sarocladium gamsii, S. implicatum, S. summerbellii i S. terricola, vàren ser descrits de mostres de diferents
origens. En general, les proves de sensibilitat antifúngica mostrar que la terbinafina va ser la droga més activa davant
les espècies avaluades, excepte per S. cuboideum, on el posaconazol va a mostrar la millor activitat
En esta tesis nos enfocamos en el estudio de los géneros fúngicos Acremonium, Arthrographis, Arthropsis,
Ochroconis, Sarocladium, Scytalidium y Verruconis. Algunos de ellos son ocasionalmente aislados de muestras
clínicas, sin embargo, el espectro real de sus especies en el área clínica es poco conocido, sumado a su difícil
identificación y compleja taxonomía. Se estudiaron un total de 248 aislados, 131 obtenidos de muestras clínicas o de
suelos y 117 correspondientes a cepas tipo o de referencia de colecciones internacionales de cultivos. La
caracterización fenotípica de los aislados se realizó a través de la observación de sus características macroscópicas y
microscópicas, y la identificación molecular, mediante la secuencación de las regiones ribosomales ITS y LSU. Para
obtener una mejor resolución filogenética entre algunas especies, se secuenciaron regiones parciales de otros genes
(actina, tubulina, factor de elongación, RNA polimerasa II y quitina sintasa). La actividad in vitro de varios antifúngicos
fue evaluada frente a especies de Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis y Scytalidium. Aparte de las especies
comunmente reportadas como patógenos oportunistas, Arthrographis kalrae y Verruconis gallopava, otras especies
no reportadas previamente a partir de muestras clínicas fueron identificadas (Arthropsis hispanica, Sarocladium
terricola, Scytalidium cuboideum y Ochroconis cordanae), incluyendo las nuevas especies descritas aquí:<br>Ochroconis olivacea, O. ramosa, Sarocladium bifurcatum, S. hominis, S. pseudostrictum y S. subulatum.
Adicionalmente, cuatro géneros nuevos, Acremoniopsis, Brunneomyces, Cervusimilis y Collarina, y 16 nuevos
taxones, Acremoniopsis suttonii, Acremonium asperulatum, A. citrinum, A. parvum, A. pilosum, A: variecolor,
Brunneomyces brunnescens, B. hominis, B. europaeus, Cervusimilis alba, Collarina aurantiaca, Ochroconis icarus,
Sarocladium gamsii, S. implicatum, S. sumerbellii y S. terricola, fueron descritos de muestras de diversos orígenes. En
general, las pruebas de sensibilidad antifúngica revelaron que la terbinafina fué la droga más activa frente a las
especies evaluadas, excepto para S. cuboideum, donde el posaconazol mostró la mejor actividad.
In this thesis, we have studied the fungal genera Acremonium, Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis, Sarocladium,
Scytalidium and Verruconis. Some of them are occasionally recovered from clinical specimens, but the real spectrum
of their species in the clinical setting is poorly known. Furthermore, the scarce morphological differentiation of their
species make difficult their identification and taxonomy. A total of 248 isolates were studied. 131 obtained from clinical
or soil samples and 117 corresponding to type or reference strains from international culture collections. Phenotypical
characterization was performed by the observation of their macroscopic and microscopic features in artificial media.
Molecular identification was assessed by sequencing of two ribosomal regions (ITS and partial LSU). To obtain deeper
phylogenetic resolution of some species, fragments of different loci were also used (actin, tubulin, translation
elongation factor, RNA polymerase II and chitin syntase). The in vitro activity of several antifungal drugs was evaluated
against Arthrographis, Arthropsis, Ochroconis and Scytalidium species. Apart from the commonly reported
opportunistic species Arthrographis kalrae and Verruconis gallopava, other species never associated before to clinical
specimens were identified (Arthropsis hispanica, Sarocladium terricola, Scytalidium cuboideum, Ochroconis
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Mativandlela, Sannah Patience Nkam. "Evaluation of isolates and identified phenolics from pelargonium sidiodes against tuberculosis, other bacteria and fungi." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02132006-113925.
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Mativandlela, S. P. N. (Sannah Patience Nkami). "Evaluation of isolates and identified phenolics from Pelargonium Sidoides against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, other bacteria and fungi." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28446.
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Anecdotal evidence of two South African Geranium species (Pelargonium reniforme and Pelargonium sidoides) from the United Kingdom with regard to plants being used against tuberculosis, which lacked scientific evidence’ prompted us to investigate these two plants for their antimicrobial properties. The German herbal remedy (‘Umckaloabo’) is prepared from these two plant species and is currently being sold for bronchitis. Acetone, chloroform and ethanol extracts were investigated against three bacteria (pathogens causing bronchitis), three fungi (fungal species associated with the upper and lower respiratory tract) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is the first report on the extracts’ activity against Moraxella catarrhalis, and three fungi (Asperigilus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium oxysporum). Acetone and ethanol root extracts of P. sidoides and its combination with P. reniforme exhibited activity against bacteria at 5.0 mg/ml concentration. The fungi were significantly inhibited by the acetone and ethanol extracts of P. reniforme and the ethanol extract of P. sidoides at a concentration of 5.0 mg/ml. Antituberculosis activity was observed on acetone, chloroform and ethanol root extract of P. reniforme and chloroform extract of P. sidoides at 5.0 mg/ml concentration. The isolation and purification of compounds were attempted using two different approaches, of which the second approach resulted in isolation of four compounds and two flavonoids. One flavonoid (epigallocatechin) is isolated for the first time from P. sidoides. Laboratory investigations showed no activity of compounds isolated against M. tuberculosis. As Mycobacteria are intracellular pathogens, antimycobacterial activities may be due to either direct or indirect effects. Though the compounds in this study did not show antituberculosis activity, it can be speculated that the anecdotal evidence of TB-patients could be due to their immunostimulant activity.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Plant Physiology))--University of Pretoria, 2005.<br>Plant Science<br>unrestricted
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Júnior, Giovani Marcio Coura. "Análise integrada das variáveis virulência e produção de conídios na seleção de fungos entomopatogênicos para o desenvolvimento de biopesticidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-16082017-135321/.
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Os fungos entomopatogênicos do gênero Metarhizium e Beauveria compreendem um importante grupo de patógenos de artrópodes-praga. A seleção de isolados de fungos promissores é a primeira e uma das mais importantes etapas no desenvolvimento de um biopesticida, pois alguns isolados podem apresentar alta virulência e não necessariamente boa produção em substrato e vice-versa, sendo interessante a combinação desses dois parâmetros para a viabilidade comercial de um produto. A dificuldade de criação ou manutenção de algumas espécies de pragas em laboratório é um limitante para a condução de testes de virulência, tornando-se interessante a utilização de espécies modelo, de fácil criação, nas etapas preliminares de seleção. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou selecionar isolados com alta produção de conídios e virulência, comparando a eficiência de controle de M. anisopliae e B. bassiana às pragas alvo Mahanarva fimbriolata e Bemisia tabaci Biótipo B, respectivamente, com a mortalidade em Tenebrio molitor. Inicialmente, foram selecionados 50 isolados a partir de 100 isolados de cada gênero, baseado em avaliações visuais do crescimento e esporulação em meio de cultivo em placas de Petri. Estes isolados selecionados foram cultivados em arroz parboilizado para quantificação do rendimento produtivo de conídios. Os 25 isolados mais produtivos de cada espécie de fungo foram utilizados nos bioensaios com T. molitor. Posteriormente, os cinco isolados que causaram maior e menor mortalidade de cada gênero, foram utilizados nos bioensaios com as respectivas pragas-alvo. A variação no rendimento de conídios de Beauveria spp., foi de 0,3 a 7,7 x 109 conídios.grama de arroz-1 e de Metarhizium spp. foi de 0,1 a 2,5 x 109 conídios.grama de arroz-1. A mortalidade confirmada de larvas de T. molitor por Beauveria spp., variou de 5,5 a 96,4% e por M. anisopliae variou de 29,1 a 89,1%. Alguns isolados causaram mortalidade elevada tanto no inseto modelo quanto na praga-alvo, porém, não foi verificada uma relação entre a virulência para as duas espécies. Da mesma forma, não foi observada associação entre os parâmetros produção de conídios e virulência. O isolado ESALQ 4958 de B. bassiana se destacou nos dois bioensaios apresentando mortalidades elevadas de ninfas de B. tabaci Biótipo B. Nos bioensaios utilizando ninfas de M. fimbriolata, ESALQ 1641 foi o isolado que apresentou os maiores percentuais de mortalidade nos dois bioensaios. Analisando conjuntamente as variáveis produção de conídios e virulência a T. molitor e a espécie alvo, os isolados ESALQ 540 (B. bassiana) e ESALQ 1116 (M. anisopliae) se destacaram por apresentarem valores elevados para todas as variáveis de interesse. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de uma análise conjunta destas variáveis com um peso diferenciado para cada variável na seleção de isolados para utilização em produtos microbianos para o controle de pragas.<br>The genus Metarhizium spp. and Beauveria spp. are important entomopathogenic fungi used to control arthropod pests. The selection of promising fungal isolates is the first and one of the most important steps on the development of a biopesticide, since some isolates may present high virulence and not necessarily good production in substrate and vice-versa, being the combination of these two parameters important for the commercial viability. Difficulties of rearing or maintaining some species of pests in laboratory are limitations for the conduction of virulence tests, justifying the use of easy to breed model species on the preliminary steps of selection. Therefore, this study aimed to select isolates with high conidia production and virulence, comparing the control efficiency of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana to the target pests, Mahanarva fimbriolata and Bemisia tabaci biotype B, respectively, with mortality in Tenebrio molitor. At first, 50 isolates were selected from 100 isolates of each genus, based on growth and sporulation in culture medium on Petri dishes. These isolates were grown in parboiled rice to quantify the yield of conidia. The 25 most productive isolates of each fungus species were used in the bioassays with T. molitor. After, the five isolates that caused higher and lower mortality of each genus were used in the bioassays with the respective target pests. Beauveria spp. conidia yield ranged from 0.3 to 7.7 x 109 conidia.grams of rice-1 and Metarhizium spp. from 0.1 to 2.5 x 109 conidia.gram of rice-1. The confirmed mortality of T. molitor larvae by Beauveria spp. varied from 5.5 to 96.4% and M. anisopliae varied from 29.1 to 89.1%. Some isolates caused high mortality in both, model insect and the target pest; however, no relationship between the virulence of both species was observed. Similarly, there was no association between the parameters conidia production and virulence. The B. bassiana isolate ESALQ 4958 in both bioassays presented high mortalities of B. tabaci Biotype B. In bioassays using M. fimbriolata nymphs, ESALQ 1641 was the isolate that presented the highest mortalities in both bioassays. Analyzing the variables, conidia production and virulence to T. molitor and the target species, the isolates ESALQ 540 (B. bassiana) and ESALQ 1116 (M. anisopliae) showed high values for all variables of interest. The results reinforce the necessity of a joint analysis of these variables with different weight for each one in the selection of isolates, aiming to use them in microbial products for pest control.
8
Schreuder, Wouter. "Characterization and pathogenicity of South African isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51651.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD(Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to characterize the race and vegetative
compatibility of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) isolates collected in the
major melon producing areas, to report on their geographical distribution, and their
possible relatedness to isolates from other countries.
Seventy two FOM isolates obtained from 30 fields in 17 melon producing regions
were race-typed using the differential cultivars Topmark (susceptible to all races),
Doublon (Fomi), CM 17187 (Fom2) and Perlita (Fom3) and grouped by means of
vegetative compatibility. All isolates belonged to vegetative compatibility group 0134,
indicating a high degree of genetic homogeneity among the South African FOM
population. Fifty four isolates were identified as race 0, eight as race 1, and 10 as race 2.
Race 0 occurred in 15 of the regions whereas race 1 was sporadically recovered. Race 2,
on the other hand, was obtained only from four fields located in one geographical region.
Perlita plants (carrying the gene Fom3) inoculated with local isolates ofrace 0 and race 2
and reference isolates of race 0 became stunted, their leaves turned yellow, and became
thickened and brittle. These results suggested that Fom3 in Perlita confers a tolerant
reaction compared to the resistant reaction of gene FornI in Doublon. The disease
reaction of cultivar Perlita to FOM was therefore reinvestigated. Twenty isolates,
including the four FOM races (0, 1, 2, and 1,2) obtained from different countries, were
used. The differential cultivars were included to verify virulence of the isolates. Perlita
plants inoculated with three isolates of race 2 remained asymptomatic. The remaining
race 2 and 0 isolates, induced severe stunting of Perlita plants, but mean percentage
stunting values did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) and ranged between 25.1 and 50.0.
Leaves of stunted plants were chlorotic, thickened and brittle. Disease reaction of Perlita
was verified at a lower inoculum concentration with two race 2 (pipette method) and two race 0 isolates (root dip method). Results proved that Fom3 does not confer similar
resistance towards race 0 and some race 2 isolates as FornI in Doublon. Cultivars
possessing Fom3, should therefore be considered tolerant to FOM races 0 and 2.
The ability of a nit mutant isolate, generated from FOM race 0 which belongs to
VCG 0134, to change its virulence during infection of melon plants, was investigated
under quarantine. Seedlings of melon cultivars Imperial 45 and Early Sweet (no
resistance genes), Amber (Fom2) and Fiata (FomI, Fom2) were consecutively grown in
two cement troughs in a gauzehouse. Each planting was terminated when plants had
advanced Fusarium wilt or after the fruit were harvested. In the first planting, Imperial
45 seedlings were transplanted and artificially inoculated with the nil mutant isolate. In
the consecutive plantings, seeds were sown in the infested soil to enable natural infection.
For each crop, representative plants showing Fusarium wilt were selected for isolation.
All F. oxysporum isolates recovered were single-spored and their nit mutant and VCG
status verified. Virulence of the labelled isolates was determined using differential
cultivars. In trough A, all plants of the susceptible cultivars Imperial 45 and Early Sweet
crops showed Fusarium wilt. The labelled isolates recovered from the selected plants
were all designated race O. In the first crop (planting No.5) of the resistant cultivar
Amber, 6.7% of the plants developed Fusarium wilt. In the second Amber crop the
disease incidence increased to 56.6%, and to 81.8% in the final crop. Contrary to the
susceptible cultivars, only race 2 isolates were obtained from the symptomatic Amber
plants. Similar data were found with the susceptible cultivar Imperial 45 and the resistant
cultivar Amber in trough B. Planting of Fiata caused a dramatic reduction in Fusarium
wilt incidence in trough B. However, 1.2% of plants were affected by Fusarium wilt in
the first Fiata crop (planting No.6), whereas 4% of the plants were symptomatic in the
final planting. From these symptomatic Fiata plants only race 1,2 isolates were obtained.
These findings, and the fact that the symptomatic plants represented a substantial
proportion of the first Amber (approximately 7-15%) and Fiata (approximately 2%)
crops, provedthat changes in the race structure of this fungal pathogen occurred rapidly
when confronted with a resistant cultivar. The potential of RAPD analysis to differentiate between the isolates displaying
virulence changes was evaluated. Four F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum isolates were included
as an outgroup. A histopathological study was conducted to verify whether these isolates
retain their ability to behave as true vascular pathogens. The three primers used clearly
distinguished the 12 FOM isolates from the four F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum isolates.
However, the primers showed a highly conserved and characteristic banding pattern for
the FOM isolates which represented three physiological races (race 0, race 2, race 1,2),
indicating that RAPD analysis cannot detect race-specific groupings in FOM. Disease
reactions on the three differential cultivars confirmed the virulence of FOM isolates. The
histopathological data furthermore proved that the two FOM races (race 2, race 1,2),
which derived from the race 0 parent isolate, retained their ability to behave as true
vascular pathogens.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: DIE KARAKTERISERING EN PATOGENESITEIT VAN SUID-AFRIKAANSE
ISOLATE VAN FUSARIUMOXYSPORUMF. SP.MELONIS
Die doel van die studie was om Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) isolate
wat in die hoof spanspekproduserende gebiede versamel is, volgens ras en vegetatiewe
verenigbaarheid te karakteriseer, en hul geografiese verspreiding en verwantskap met
isolate van ander lande aan te dui.
Twee en sewentig FOM isolate afkomstig vanaf 30 landerye wat 17
spanspekproduserende areas verteenwoordig, is gebruik. Die differensiële kultivars
Topmark (vatbaar vir alle rasse), Doublon (Forni), CM 17187 (Fom2) en Perlita (Fond)
is gebruik om die rasbepalings te doen asook om die vegetatiewe verenigbare groepe
(VVG) te bepaal. Al die isolate is as VVG 0134 geklassifiseer, wat 'n hoë mate van
genetiese homogenesiteit binne die Suid-Afrikaanse populasie aandui. Vier en vyftig
isolate is as ras 0, agt as ras 1 en 10 as ras 2 geklassifiseer. Ras 0 is vanaf 15 gebiede
afkomstig, terwyl ras 1 sporadies voorgekom het. Ras 2 is vanuit vier landerye binne
dieselfde geografiese gebied verkry. Plante van die kultivar Perlita wat met plaaslike
isolate van ras 0 en 2, asook verwysings-isolate van ras 0 geïnokuleer is, het verdwerg
voorgekom. Die blare van die plante het vergeel, verdik en bros voorgekom. Hierdie
siekte reaksie het aangedui dat Fond in Perlita toleransie bewerkstellig in teenstelling
met die weerstandbiedende reaksie van geen Fomi in Doublon. Die siekte reaksie van
Perlita teenoor FOM is dus verder ondesoek. Hiervoor is 20 isolate wat al vier FOM
rasse insluit (0, 1, 2, en 1,2), en van verskillende wêrelddele afkomstig is, gebruik. Die
virulensie van die isolate is met die differensiële kultivars bevestig. Drie van die ras 2
isolate het geen siektesimptome op Perlita veroorsaak nie. Die ander ras 2 isolate, en al
die ras 0 isolate, het egter die Perlita plante aansienlik verdwerg en die blare vergeel en
verdik. Laasgenoemde groep isolate het 'n gemiddelde verdwergingsindeks van tussen
25.1% en 50.0% veroorsaak. Die siekte reaksie by Perlita is verder bevestig deur plante teen 'n laer inokulumdigtheid van twee ras 2 (pipet metode), en twee ras 0 (wortel-doop
metode) isolate, te inokuleer. Uit die resultate was dit duidelik dat die weerstand wat
Fom3 teenoor ras 0 en sommige ras 2 isolate verskaf, van FornI verskil. Kultivars wat
oor die weerstandsgeen Fom3 beskik moet dus as tolerant beskou word.
'n Ondersoek is geloods na die vermoë van 'n nil mutant isolaat, genereer vanaf
die wilde ras 0 isolaat van FOM (VVG 0134), om onder kwarantyn sy virulensie
gedurende infeksie van spanspekplante te verander. Saailinge van die spanspekkultivars
Early Sweet (geen weerstandsgene), Amber (Fom2) en Fiata (FornI, Fom2) is
opeenvolgens in twee sement trêe in 'n gaashuis verbou. Die afsonderlike aanplantings is
beëindig sodra gevorderde Fusarium-verwelksimptome verkry is, of nadat vrugte ge-oes
is. Vir die eerste aanplanting is oorgeplante Imperial 45 saailinge kunsmatig met die nil
mutant isolaat geïnokuleer. Tydens die opeenvolgende aanplantings is saad direk in die
besmette grond gesaai ten einde natuurlike infeksie te verkry. Met elke aanplanting is
isolasies gedoen vanaf verteenwoordigende plante wat Fusarium-verwelksimptome
getoon het. Alle F. oxysporum isolate wat verkry is, is ge-enkelspoor en hul nit mutant
status en VVG is bevestig. Virulensie van die gemerkte isolate is bepaal deur inokulasie
van die differensiële kultivars. Alle plante van die vatbare Imperial 45 en Early Sweet
kultivars wat in trog A geplant is, het Fusarium-verwelksimptome getoon. Die gemerkte
isolate wat vanaf die verteenwoordigende plante verkry is, is almal as ras 0 geklassifiseer.
Tydens die eerste aanplanting van die weerstandbiedende kultivar, Amber (aanplanting
No.5), het 6.7% van die plante Fusarium-verwe1ksimptome ontwikkel. Tydens die
tweede en derde aanplanting van Amber het die frekwensie van siektevoorkoms verhoog
na 56.6% en 81.8 %, onderskeidelik. In teenstelling met die vatbare kultivars, is slegs ras
2 vanuit die Amber plante met siektesimptome verkry. Soortgelyke resultate is met
Imperial 45 en Amber in trog B verkry. Aanplanting van kultivar Fiata het egter 'n
dramatiese verlaging in die voorkoms van Fusarium-verwelk bewerkstellig. Tydens die
eerste Fiata aanplanting (aanplanting No.6) het 1.2% plante Fusarium-verwelksimptome
ontwikkel, en 4% tydens die laaste aanplanting. Vanaf hierdie plante is slegs ras 1,2
isolate verkry. Hierdie bevindings, en die feit dat 'n aansienlike hoeveelheid van die
Amber (ongeveer 7-15%) en Fiata plante (ongeveer 2%) siektesimptome getoon het, bewys dat FOM vinnig van virulensie verander wanneer die patogeen 'n
weerstanbiedende kultivar infekteer.
Die vermoë van RAPD analise om tussen isolate wat in virulensie verander het, te
onderskei, is ondersoek. Vier isolate van F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum is as 'n buite-groep
ingesluit. Om te bevestig dat die isolate wat van ras verander het wel egte vaskulêre
patogene is, is 'n histopatologiese ondersoek gedoen. Die drie inleiers wat gebruik is, het
die 12 FOM isolate duidelik van die vier F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum isolate onderskei.
Die 12 FOM isolate wat drie fiosologiese rasse (ras 0, ras 2, ras 1,2) verteenwoordig het,
is egter saam gegroepeer, wat aandui dat hierdie metode nie tussen rasse van FOM kan
onderskei nie. Inokulasiestudies met die differensiële kultivars het die virulensie van die
isolate bevestig. Die histopatologiese ondersoek het verder bewys dat beide FOM rasse
(ras 2, ras 1,2) wat vanaf die wilde tipe ras ° isolaat ontstaan het, hul vermoë behou het
om as egte vaskulêre patogene op te tree.
9
Entz, Susan Carol, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Molecular methods and isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisolpliae for environmentally sustainable control of grasshoppers in Canada." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/249.
Full textAbstract:
Metarhizium anisoplia var. acridum, a gyphomycetous fungus registered worldwide for grasshopper and locust control, is currently under consideration as a worldwide for grasshopper and locust control, is currently under consideration as a potential alternative to chemical insecticides for grasshopper control in Canada. Research in this thesis has contributed data required for the registration of biological control agents in Canada. A diagnostic PCR assay was developed for the specific detection of M. anisopliae var. acridum DNA. The assay was highly sensitive and effective for the detection of fungal DNA in infected grasshoppers. A survey of southern Alberta soils conducted in the spring of 2004 revealed the presence of Metarhizium spp. at low natural incidennce. Two indigenous isolates demonstrated pathogenicity when bioassayed against laboratory-reared and field collected grasshoppers. One of the isolates demonstrated virulence comparable to a commercial isolate. An analysis of historical weather data revealed that summer weather in the Prairie provinces should not preclude the efficacy of M. anisopliae var. acridum under local conditions.<br>xv, 127 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.
10
Oliveira, Geovana Gomez de. "Trichoderma spp. no crescimento vegetal e no biocontrole de sclerotinia slcerotiorum e de patógenos em sementes de cártamo(Carthamus tinctorius)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5145.
Full textAbstract:
The cultivation of flowers is, in Brazil, very recent and little known species have a high ornamental potential, Cartamus is such a species and there are cultivars for the production of oil and as well as for ornamental pourposes. Being a recent crop in Brazil, little is known about its associated diseases, specially those that affect the seeds and the soil borne, such as white mold that causes great losses to several crops. Six experiments were conducted with the objectives of testing the reaction of the crop to isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the biocontrol of S. sclerotiorum and of pathogens associated to the seeds, and the effect of the biocontrollers on cartamus plant growth. Isolates of the pathogen from chrisantemum, lettuce, soybean, and carrots, as well as isolates of Trichoderma sp. (ETSR 20 e TC 1.15)
and comercial products of Trichoderma spp. (Agrotrich and Trichodel®) were used. In the reaction test, the cartamus crop was more severely attacked by the isolate obtained from lettuce, which when incorporated to commercial substrate did not promote the development of the disease in plant, but reduced plant growth. Trichodel® was the product that promoted the highest growth of plants when incorporated to the substrate, even in the absence of the pathogen. The product more efficient in controlling seed pathogens was Agrotrich. In the growth of seedlings, the isolates ETSR20 and TC1.15 were the best, when applied to the seeds and the latter promoted the best emergency of seeds in commercial substrate. Therefore, the Trichoderma based products can be used in the control of seed pathogens and growth promotion of cartamus plants as seed or substrate treatment. There are differences in disease severity on cartamus among isolates of S. sclerotiorum from different crops and its presence reduces the crop s growth, even in the absence of visible symptoms<br>A floricultura, no Brasil, é relativamente recente, existindo espécies pouco conhecidas com alto potencial ornamental. O cártamo é uma delas e possui cultivares tanto para a produção de óleo quanto para ornamentação. Por ser uma
cultura recente no Brasil, pouco se conhece sobre as doenças associadas a ela, especialmente as que afetam as sementes e as veiculadas pelo solo, como o mofo branco, que causa grandes prejuízos a diversas culturas. Seis experimentos foram
conduzidos com o objetivo de testar a reação da cultura a isolados de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, o biocontrole de patógenos associados às sementes e de Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum e o efeito dos biocontroladores no crescimento de plantas de cártamo. Foram utilizados isolados de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum das culturas do crisântemo, alface, soja e cenoura, e isolados de Trichoderma spp. (ETSR 20 e TC 1.15) e formulados comerciais à base de Trichoderma spp. (Agrotrich e Trichodel®). No teste de reação, a cultura do cártamo foi mais severamente atacada pelo isolado
proveniente da alface, o qual, quando incorporado ao substrato comercial, não promoveu o desenvolvimento da doença nas plantas, porém prejudicou seu crescimento. Trichodel® foi o produto que maior crescimento proporcionou às plantas quando incorporado ao substrato, mesmo sem a presença do patógeno. O produto mais eficiente no controle dos patógenos das sementes foi o formulado comercial
Agrotrich. No crescimento de plântulas, os isolados ETSR 20 e TC 1.15 se sobressaíram quando aplicados às sementes e este obteve melhor resultado na emergência de plântulas em substrato. Assim, os produtos a base de Trichoderma são viáveis para controle de patógenos de sementes e crescimento de plantas tanto no tratamento de sementes como do substrato. Existem diferenças na severidade da
doença em cártamo entre isolados de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum oriundos de diferentes culturas e sua presença reduz o crescimento da cultura, mesmo na ausência de sintomas visíveis
Books on the topic "Fungi isolates"
1
Lawrence, Michelle Irene. A study of anaerobic fungi isolated from ruminants and monogastric herbivores. University of Manchester, 1993.
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2
Ianson, David C. Variation in plant response to inoculation with different isolates of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. 1990.
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3
Restrepo, Angela, Angel A. Gónzalez, and Beatriz L. Gómez. Endemic dimorphic fungi. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Endemic dimorphic infections are acquired by inhalation of fungal spores which undergo a thermal transition to a yeast-like phase in the host. The causative organisms are geographically restricted and are isolated from the environment; likewise, the infections are associated with people living in, or visiting, these endemic regions. The clinical presentations range from asymptomatic to chronic, and disseminated, depending on the host immune status and other risk factors. The infections and their causative agents are: histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum), paracoccidioidomycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis/lutzii), blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis/gilchristii), coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis/posadasii), talaromycosis (previously penicilliosis; Talaromyces [Penicillium] marneffei), and emmonsiosis (Emmonsia species). Diagnosis relies on microscopy and culture, histology, and immunological detection. Owing to their infectious nature, all of these organisms must be handled using biosafety level-3 containment. Treatment is based around azole administration, usually itraconazole, with amphotericin B for the more severe forms or for the most at risk patients.
4
Falconi, Cesar E. Epiphytic yeasts isolated from apple leaves to control of gray and blue mold fruit rots of apple. 1996.
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5
Pengembangan potensi isolat fungi Glomalean dari areal bekas penambangan emas sebagai agen fitoremediasi: Laporan penelitian hibah bersaing tahun anggaran 2007. Universitas Tanjungpura, 2007.
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6
Kosmidis, Chris, David W. Denning, and Eavan G. Muldoon. Fungal disease in cystic fibrosis and chronic respiratory disorders. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0037.
Full textAbstract:
A range of fungal disease syndromes affect patients with chronic respiratory diseases and cystic fibrosis (CF). Invasive aspergillosis is increasingly recognized in seriously ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially after high-dose steroids. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis affects patients with pre-existing cavities or bullae, such as those with previous tuberculosis or atypical mycobacterial disease, bullous emphysema, sarcoidosis, pneumothorax, or treated lung cancer. In addition, fungi have become one of the most important trigger agents for asthma, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis may complicate up to 3.5% of cases of asthma and up to 15% of cases of CF, starting in childhood. CF patients are commonly colonized with fungal organisms, although the impact of such colonization on outcome is not clear. Aspergillus is the most common mould isolated from CF patients. Distinguishing between colonization and infection remains challenging. Candida is thought to be of no clinical significance; however, it has been associated with decline in lung function.
Book chapters on the topic "Fungi isolates"
1
Yli-Mattila, Tapani, and Tatiana Gagkaeva. "Molecular Chemotyping of Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. cerealis Isolates From Finland and Russia." In Molecular Identification of Fungi. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05042-8_8.
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Tóth, Beáta, Ákos Mesterházy, Paul Nicholson, József Téren, and János Varga. "Mycotoxin production and molecular variability of European and American isolates of Fusarium culmorum." In Molecular Diversity and PCR-detection of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Ochratoxigenic Fungi. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2285-2_13.
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Láday, M., Á. Juhász, G. Mulè, A. Moretti, Á. Szécsi, and A. Logrieco. "Mitochondrial DNA diversity and lineage determination of European isolates of Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae)." In Molecular Diversity and PCR-detection of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Ochratoxigenic Fungi. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2285-2_9.
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Davet, Pierre, Binod Lal, Brigitte Lung-Escarmant, and Jean-Philippe Gallet. "A Method to Screen Trichoderma Isolates Against Soil Sclerotial Fungi and Armillaria Root Rot." In Biological Control of Plant Diseases. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_59.
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Luo, Zhu-Hua, Ka-Lai Pang, Yi-Rui Wu, Ji-Dong Gu, Raymond K. K. Chow, and L. L. P. Vrijmoed. "Degradation of Phthalate Esters by Fusarium sp. DMT-5-3 and Trichosporon sp. DMI-5-1 Isolated from Mangrove Sediments." In Biology of Marine Fungi. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5_15.
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Gibrat, R., H. Barbier-Brygoo, J. Guern, and C. Grignon. "Transtonoplast Potential Difference and Surface Potential of Isolated Vacuoles." In Biochemistry and Function of Vacuolar Adenosine-Triphosphatase in Fungi and Plants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70320-1_8.
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Buchalo, Asya S., Solomon P. Wasser, Hans P. Molitoris, et al. "Species Diversity and Biology of Fungi Isolated from the Dead Sea." In Evolutionary Theory and Processes: Modern Perspectives. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4830-6_17.
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Korneykova, M. V., A. A. Chaporgina, and V. V. Redkina. "Oil Destructive Activity of Fungi Isolated from the Soils of the Kola Peninsula." In Springer Geography. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89602-1_16.
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AlBany, Yousif A., Anwer N. Mamdoh, and Mohammad I. Al-Berfkani. "Hydrocarbon Degradation of Oil Pipeline Blockage by Thermophilic Fungi Isolated from Tawke Field." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18641-8_11.
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Rona, J. P., and D. Cornel. "An Electrogenic Proton Pump on the Tonoplast of Acer Pseudoplatanus L. Free Cells and Isolated Vacuoles." In Biochemistry and Function of Vacuolar Adenosine-Triphosphatase in Fungi and Plants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70320-1_17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fungi isolates"
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Щербакова, Татьяна, Штефан Кручан, Борис Пынзару та Леонид Волощук. "Антагонизм новых изолятов грибов рода Trichoderma по отношению к патогену Alternaria Sp., выделенному из ореха грецкого". У International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.39.
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The research is aimed at studying the antagonistic relationships of five isolates of the genus Trichoderma fungi in relation to the Alternaria sp. fungus. The pathogen was isolated from diseased walnut leaves. In the work was used the method of double cultures on agar media. As a result, 160 the inhibition rate of Alternaria pathogen by Trichoderma fungi was determined. For isolate №3 the rate was 90%, for isolate №2 - 85%, isolate №4 inhibited the pathogen by 75%, isolate №1 - by 65%. Isolate №5 and strains T.virens and T. lignorum suppressed the growth of Alternaria by 40-50%.
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Alasmar, Reem Moath, and Samir Jaoua. "Investigation and Biological Control of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Dairy Cattle Feeds." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0065.
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Mycotoxins, the secondary fungal metabolites are important contaminants of food and feed. Among the other contaminants, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and OTA are frequently detected in the animal feed product. In the present study, the mixed dairy cow feed products were collected from the supermarkets in Qatar and analyzed for the presence of AFB1 and OTA. Yeast strains were isolated and tested for their biological control activities against aflatoxigenic and ochratoxin fungi. We demonstrated that local 15 yeasts isolates have important antifungal potential activities through the synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are able to act against the mycotoxigenic fungi and their synthesis of the mycotoxins. Two Yeast strains (4&2) isolated from fermented food, have shown a great antifungal inhibition growth in-vitro as well as spores inhibition and mycotoxins synthesis.
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Abdurashytov, S. F., E. V. Puzanova, K. S. Gritsevich, A. A. Zubochenko, and V. K. Zakharova. "Study of the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the saline soils of Crimea." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.25.
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It is known that arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are able to mitigate the effect of various negative environmental factors on plants. Therefore, the aim of our research was to determine the most active AM fungi populations in saline soils of the Crimean Peninsula to select stress-resistant isolates. The spores were isolated by wet sieving. Mycorrhization was visualized by staining with black ink and studied quantitatively under a stereomicroscope. In 2019, 15 soil-plant samples from 4 locations of the salinity soils were sampled: Lake Achi (AB) and the nearby agrocenosis (PAB), Koyashskoye (KO), Kirkoyashskoye (PKP) and agrocenosis near it (KP), Chokrak (CH). The highest content of chlorine anions (119.5 mg) and bicarbonate anions (610.0 mg) was noted in the area near Lake Kirkoyashskoye. The smallest salinity was observed at arable land KP (8.5 and 229.0 mg). Plowing led to a decrease in the number of AM fungi spores in the studied sections of PAB by 80.3% and KP by 47.6% compared with the AB and PKP. The frequency of occurrence and the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization in plant roots on the shores of Lakes Achi and Kirkoyashskoye were 70.0-72.3% and 28.0-43.9%, while the same for the plowing areas around them were lower by 28.5-54.1% and 18.0-32.2%, respectively. In our study, there was no strict correlation between the number of spores and the estimated environmental conditions. Soil-plant samples and the spores isolated from them were used as inoculums for obtaining new AM fungal isolates with a stress resistance property.
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Prokopovich, A. K., O. N. Yaroslavtseva, and V. Y. Kryukov. "MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BEAUVERIA AND METARHIZIUM OF THE UPPER OBRIA AND THEIR STATIONARY ASSOCIATION." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-74.
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Molecular phylogeny of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium, Beauveria (199 Isolates) from different biocenoses of two climatic zones of the Novosibirsk Region (Western Siberia) was conducted using translation elongation factor gene (EF1a) sequence. Three species of Metarhizium and two species of Beauveria were identified: M. robertsii (54 isolates) M. brunneum (35 isolates) and M. pemphigum (2 isolates) B. bassiana (19 isolates) and B. pseudobassiana (9 isolates). Analisys of spatial distribution showed that M. robertsii preferred more xerophile habitats compared to M. brunneum. Moreover, genetic groups with different habitat association were revealed within M. robertsii. There are no differences in habitat association were registered for Beauveria species.
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VASILIAUSKIENĖ, Dovilė, Giedrius BALČIŪNAS, and Jaunius URBONAVIČIUS. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI GROWING ON FIBRE HEMP SHIVE BASED THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2018.007.
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Green thermal insulation materials are ecological materials with hemp, linen, jute, wood waste, maize starch, and other types of waste added to polymer-based composites. Such kind of materials are susceptible to the microbial action which can lead to changes of physico-chemical properties of materials, their destruction and also health problems in humans. Here, we isolated and identified several fungal strains that grow on fibre hemp shive based materials. Three isolates were identified as belonging to Trichoderma (Hypocrea) genus. Our further experiments will be concentrated on the monitoring of growth of newly isolated fungi on and/or inside the materials of interest, isolation and characterisation of the hydrolytic enzymes as well as following the mode of material destruction caused by the fungal growth.
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Fifendy, Mades, Periadnadi, Gustina Indriati, Syovia Osnita, and Lara Annisa. "Isolation and Activity of Amylase Enzyme in Isolates of Fungi From Black Rice Lemang (Oryza sativa Siarang)." In International Conference on Biology, Sciences and Education (ICoBioSE 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.200807.011.
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Salimova, D. R., and A. O. Berestetskiy. "Secondary metabolite profiles and biological activity of extracts from various isolates fungi Alternaria sonchi depending on the composition of the liquid nutrient medium." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.214.
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Phytopathogenic fungus A. sonchi is able to produce metabolites with insecticidal properties. The composition of the culture media affected the metabolite profiles of the extracts. The results of the assessment of biological activity allowed to divide the working isolates with phytotoxic and insecticidal activity.
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Iordache, Ovidiu, Ioana Corina Moga, Elena Cornelia Mitran, et al. "BOD & COD reduction from textile wastewater using bio-augmented HDPE carriers." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.12.
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Textile wastewater effluents are considered one of the most polluting sources, among all industrial sectors, in terms of both effluent volume and composition, with high BOD and COD values. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms in decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) represents the measurement of the oxygen required to oxidize soluble and particulate organic matter in water. The main goal of the present study was the investigation in reduction of both BOD and COD concentrations, in a textile wastewater source, using bio-augmented MBBR specific HDPE carriers (composition: 5% talc, 7% cellulose and 88% High-Density-Polyethylene). The HDPE carriers were bio-augmented in an experimental laboratory installation with five fungi microbial strains (either as a mix or individual strain): 3 own microbial isolates (from decaying wood source) and 2 collection strains, namely Cerioporus squamosus (Basidiomycota phylum) and Fusarium oxysporum (Ascomycota phylum). Results showed a reduction rate of COD value of 53.45%, of HDPE carriers bio-augmented in the experimental laboratory installation (mix inoculation), and BOD reduction rates between 28% (carriers bio-augmented with isolate #2) and 61% (carriers bio-augmented with Cerioporus squamosus strain).
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Sharma, Vinay, Rachana Jain, and Jyoti Saxena. "Phosphate solubilization by fungi isolated from alkaline soils." In MICROBES IN APPLIED RESEARCH - Current Advances and Challenges. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814405041_0033.
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Mashukova, Olga, Olga Mashukova, Yuriy Tokarev, Yuriy Tokarev, Nadejda Kopytina, and Nadejda Kopytina. "LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431676d384.
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We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.