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1
Vaz, Aline B. M., Rubens C. Mota, Maria Rosa Q. Bomfim, et al. "Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with Orchidaceae in Brazil." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 12 (2009): 1381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-101.
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The purpose of this study was to examine antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, stems, and roots of 54 species of Orchidaceae collected in a Brazilian tropical ecosystem. In total, 382 filamentous fungi and 13 yeast isolates were obtained and cultured to examine the production of crude extracts. Thirty-three percent of the isolates displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one target microorganism. The multivariate statistical analyses conducted indicate that the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of terrestrial orchids in semideciduous forest were more active against Escherichia coli , whereas extracts of endophytic fungi from roots of rupicolous orchids collected in rock fields were more active against Candida krusei and Candida albicans . Among the fungi that were screened in the study, 22 isolates held their antimicrobial activities after replication and were therefore selected for assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which ranged from 62.5 to 250 µg/mL and 7.8 to 250 µg/mL against bacteria and fungi, respectively. One isolate of Alternaria sp. and one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum presented the strongest antibacterial activity. Three Fusarium isolates, Epicoccum nigrum , and Sclerostagonospora opuntiae showed the greatest MIC values against the pathogenic yeasts. This study is the first survey investigating the bioactive potential of endophytic fungi associated with tropical Orchidaceae species present in Brazilian ecosystems.
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Fajarningsih, Nurrahmi Dewi, Muhammad Nursid, and Ekowati Chasanah. "Screening of Antitumor Bioactivity of Fungi Associated with Macro Algae and Sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i2.25.
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This research was aimed to isolate marine derived-fungi which associated with macro algae and sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta and to screen the antitumor (T47D and HeLa) bioactivity of the fungi extracts. Three solid media of MEA (malt extract agar), GPY (glucose peptone yeast) and MFM (minimal fungi medium) were used as isolation medium. Each of the pure fungi isolates was then cultivated in 100 ml of liquid medium for 4 weeks at room temperature (27-28°C) in static conditions. The antitumor activity of the fungi extracts were tested against breast tumor cells (T47D) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) assay method. A number of 21 isolates of fungi were isolated from 4 macro algae and 1 sponge samples. The identification of fungi isolate was conducted using combination of molecular approach (ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 DNA regions) and macro-micro morphological characteristics. Among those 21 marine fungi species isolated, MFGK-21 extract showed the best anti-servical tumor (HeLa) with an IC50 value of 240.1 µg/ml and MFGK-27 extract showed the best anti-breast tumor (T47D) with an IC50 value of 59.6 µg/ml. The MFGK-21 fungi isolate was identified as Penicillium steckii, while the MFGK-27 fungi isolate was identified as Aspergillus sydowii.
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ABDEL-MONAIM, Montaser Fawzy. "Integrated Management of Damping-off, Root and/or Stem Rot Diseases of Chickpea and Efficacy of the Suggested Formula." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 3 (2011): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb336134.
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Eleven fungal isolates were isolated from naturally infected chickpea roots collected from different locations in New Valley Governorate (Egypt). The isolated fungi were purified and identified as Rhizoctonia solani (5 isolates), Fusarium solani (4 isolates) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (2 isolates). The isolated fungi proved their pathogenicity on cv. ‘Giza 3’. Response of chickpea cvs. ‘Giza 1’, ‘Giza 2’, ‘Giza 3’, ‘Giza 4’, ‘Giza 88’, ‘Giza 195’, ‘Giza 531’ to infection by the tested fungi was significantly varied. ‘Giza 1’ was the most resistant one followed by ‘Giza 531’, while the other tested cvs. were highly susceptible. Seven biocontrol agents, namely Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, were tested for their antagonistic action against the tested pathogens. B. subtilis isolate BSM1, B. megaterium isolate TVM5, T. viride isolate TVM2 and T. harzianum isolate THM4 were the most antagonistic ones to the tested fungi in vitro, while the other isolates were moderate or weak antagonists. The most antagonistic isolates as well as the commercial biocide Rhizo-N were applied as seed treatment for controlling damping-off, root and/or stem rot diseases caused by the tested fungi under greenhouse conditions. The obtained data showed that all tested antagonistic isolates were able to cause significant reduction of damping-off, root and/or stem rot diseases in chickpea plants. T. viride (isolate TVM2) and B. megaterium (isolate BMM5) proved to be the most effective isolates for controlling the diseases. Under field condition, the obtained data indicated that all the tested antagonistic isolates significantly reduced damping-off, root and/or stem rot. T. viride (isolate TVM2) and B. megaterium (isolate BMM5) recorded the highest reduction of damping-off, root and/or stem rot in all sowing dates. Sowing of treated seeds with bioagents in first of November gave the highest protection against root diseases in chickpea. The reduction in damping-off, root and/or stem rot severity was significantly reflected on the produced seed yield. In this respect, seeds previously treated with T. viride (TVM2) produced the highest seed yield in all sowing dates followed by seed treated with B. megaterium (TVM5). First of November was the best sowing date to reduce these diseases and to increase seed yield/fed. On the other hand, the antagonistic isolates isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, were most active than the commercial biocide Rhizo-N in reducing chickpea root diseases and increase of seed yield in greenhouse and field conditions.
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Ababutain, Ibtisam Mohammed, Sahar Khamees Aldosary, Amal Abdulaziz Aljuraifani, et al. "Identification and Antibacterial Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia sieberi." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6651020.
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Endophytic fungi serve as a reservoir for important secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Artemisia sieberi. Initially, six endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem of A. sieberi. Endophytic fungi were identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by molecular identification using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the six isolates were subjected to the preliminary screening for their antibacterial activity against nine important pathogenic bacteria using the disk-diffusion method. Crude extracts of the most active isolate were obtained using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using well diffusion method on the selected isolate. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected isolate was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values were in appreciable quantity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 3.125 to 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 to 50 µg/mL, respectively. This result indicated that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the endophytic fungi extract. Moreover, the molecular identification results revealed that all the isolates belong to Ascomycota and represented Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and three species: A. oryzae (three isolates), A. niger (one isolate), and P. chrysogenum (two isolates). All six endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of at least two of the tested bacteria. Among the isolated strains, isolate AS2, which identified as P. chrysogenum, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all nine tested bacteria and was higher than or equal to the positive control against most of the tested bacteria. Future studies are required to isolate and identify these bioactive substances, which can be considered as a potential source for the synthesis of new antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases.
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Hasan Basri, Muhammad, Lalu Zulkifli, and Abdul Syukur. "Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Vitex trifolia L and Antagonism Test against Sclerotium rolfsii and pathogenic bacteria." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 1 (2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2340.
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Plant damage by pathogenic fungi is often found in plants, one of which is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Biological control strategy offers a promising alternative for managing disease in plants because they are environmental friendly compared to pesticides application. One of the biological control offered is by using endophytic fungi isolated from Vitex trivolia L. The aim of the study was to isolate, to identify macroscopic and microscopic endophytic fungi from Vitex trifolia L and to test their antagonism potency against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The isolation obtained 7 endophytic fungi isolates identified based on their genus characteristics, nsmely Periconia sp, Aspergillussp, Dendrophoma sp, Geotrichum sp, Ampulliferina sp, Chalara sp, dan Bispora sp and 2 isolates have not been identified. The Antibacterial test of the fungi isolate on the 4 tested bacteria showed that of all the fungi isolate have low activity. The antagonism test using the direct opposition method with the PIRG formula, showed that the 3 isolates had high percentage of growth inhibition, in which ALJ1, BLJ5, and ALJ3 isolate has 85%, 90%, and 100% respectively. This potency could be used as biological agents on the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.
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Gofar, Nuni. "Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Decomposing Fungi Isolated from Mangrove Rhizosphere." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.39-45.
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The research was done to obtain the isolates of soil borne fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere which were capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The soil samples were collected from South Sumatra mangrove forest which was contaminated by petroleum. The isolates obtained were selected based on their ability to survive, to grow and to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in medium containing petroleum residue. There were 3 isolates of soil borne hydrocarbonoclastic fungi which were able to degrade petroleum in vitro. The 3 isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigates, A. parasiticus, and Chrysonilia sitophila. C. sitophila was the best isolate to decrease total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from medium containing 5-20% petroleum residue.Keywords: Hydrocarbonoclastic fungi, hydrocarbon compounds, mangrove rhizosphere
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Ali, Alimuddin, and Herlina Rante. "Karakterisasi Mikrobia Rizosfer asal Tanaman Ginseng Jawa (Talinum triangulare) berdasarkan Gen Ribosomal 16S rRNA dan 18S rRNA." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 3, no. 2 (2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.552.
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The rhizosphere is a biologically active zone of the soil around plant roots that contains soil-borne microbes including bacteria and fungi. The microbes were isolated from rhizosphere soil roots of Java ginseng. The population of microbes was estimated by plate count method. The isolates were identified based on a great variety of morphological, and cultural characteristics. The total of rhizosphere soil microbe population were 20.91(106 cfu.g−1soils) and showed that 12 isolates of bacteria, 15 isolates of actinomycetes, and 10 isolates of fungi which were found in all of soil samples. The molecular analysis of the ribosomal genes showed that the bacterial isolate, actinomycetes and fungi were closely related to of Staphylococcus sp. DGM (JF923460), Streptomyces avidinii (EU593640) and fungi Aspergillus niger (HQ379853), respectively. Key words: rhizosphere, Java ginseng, 16S rRNA gene, 18S rRNA gene
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Hakim, Safinah Surya, Tri Wira Yuwati, and Sari Nurulita. "Isolation of peat swamp forest foliar endophyte fungi as biofertilizer." Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management 5, no. 1 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v5i1.111.
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<p><span>Peatland restoration activity is facing many obstacles, particularly in planting techniques and poor nutrient in peat soil. Naturally, endophytic fungi are abundant and have great potential as biofertilizer. This research investigates the potential endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of peat swamp tree species for biofertilizer. Research activities include: exploration, in vitro test to examine the phosphate solubilization and identification. Result showed that there were 360 leave segments collected from 4 sampling locations. The colonization percentage of 222 isolates ranged from 52.17% - 60.17%. Fifty seven morphospecies were selected from 222 isolates. Twelve isolates demonstrated ability to produce clear zones and ten isolates were selected for identification. It is concluded that twelve isolated demonstrated potential ability to produce clear zone and <em>Penicillum citrinum</em> isolate P3.10 was identified as an isolate that show the highest potential ability as a biofertilizer</span></p>
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Pakadang, Sesilia Rante, Ismat Marsus, and Ihsanawati Ihsanawati. "Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungus Isolates of Mangrove Fruit (Sonneratia alba) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli." JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN 19, no. 1 (2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol19.iss1.416.
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Endophytic fungi live and associate in plant tissues and have a mutualistic relationship. Endophytic fungi produce various compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids which are the same as secondary metabolites from their host plants. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) and to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolates against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The type of research is pre-experimental design, one shoot case study. The methods used are isolation, identification and agar diffusion. The pieces of mangrove fruit were disinfected and then cultured on SDA media to grow endophytic fungi isolates. The isolates were cultured repeatedly until pure isolates were obtained. The test of isolate activity against antibacterial was determined by the agar diffusion method with the test material of 2 isolates of endophytic fungi on Nutrient Agar (NA) media. The results showed that the mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) produced two isolates of endophytic fungi that could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was concluded that the mangrove fruit culture produced 2 isolates, which are isolate 1 Aspergillus niger and isolate 2 Aspergillus flavus. Isolate 1 and isolate 2 had the potential as antibacterial against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Isolate 2 was more effective than isolate 1 in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. It is recommended to test the pharmacological and microbiological activity of the findings of isolates 1 and 2 in vivo.
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Parkinson, Louisamarie E., Roger G. Shivas, and Elizabeth K. Dann. "Pathogenicity of Nectriaceous Fungi on Avocado in Australia." Phytopathology® 107, no. 12 (2017): 1479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-17-0084-r.
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Black root rot is a severe disease of young avocado trees in Australia causing black necrotic roots, tree stunting, and leaf drop prior to tree death. Nectriaceous fungi (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), are commonly isolated from symptomatic roots. This research tested the pathogenicity of 19 isolates from Calonectria, Cylindrocladiella, Dactylonectria, Gliocladiopsis, and Ilyonectria, spp. collected from young avocado trees and other hosts. Glasshouse pathogenicity tests with ‘Reed’ avocado (Persea americana) seedlings confirmed that Calonectria ilicicola is a severe pathogen of avocado, causing stunting, wilting, and seedling death within 5 weeks of inoculation. Isolates of C. ilicicola from peanut, papaya, and custard apple were also shown to be aggressive pathogens of avocado, demonstrating a broad host range. An isolate of a Calonectria sp. from blueberry and avocado isolates of Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, and D. anthuriicola caused significant root rot but not stunting within 5 to 9 weeks of inoculation. An isolate of an Ilyonectria sp. from grapevine closely related to Ilyonectria liriodendri, and avocado isolates of Cylindrocladiella pseudoinfestans, Gliocladiopsis peggii, and an Ilyonectria sp. were not pathogenic to avocado.
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Suciatmih, Suaciatmih, Yuliar Yuliar, and D. Supriyati. "ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI, DAN SKRINING JAMUR ENDOFIT PENGHASIL AGEN BIOKONTROL DARI TANAMAN DI LAHAN PERTANIAN DAN HUTAN PENUNJANG GUNUNG SALAK." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 12, no. 2 (2016): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v12i2.1249.
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Isolation of endophytic fungi was done to find alternative microorganisms as biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, a soil borne pathogen on many agriculturalcrops. The research objectives were 1) to isolate and identify endophytic fungi colonize plants growing on agricultural and Mount Salak supporting forest lands in the Villages of Parakan Salak and Cimalati, Sukabumi; and 2) to screen for their biocontrol agent activity againt R. solani. Diameter of R. solani was measured on day 2 after inoculation, and its percent inhibition of growth by endophytic fungi is calculated using the formula Skidmore & Dickinson (1976). The results indicated that 214 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from 96 plant species that growing in both places. Endophytic fungi isolated including in the group of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Guignardia, Mucor, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Phomopsis, Rhizoctonia, and endophytic fungi that have not been identified. Of the 214 fungal isolates tested, 39 isolates (18.22 %) could inhibit the growth of R. solani from 10.18 % to 58.99 % with a percent inhibition. The highest growth inhibition of R. solani were shown respectively by an unidentified fungus isolatedfrom Hyptis capitata Jack (58.99%), Cladosporium sp. isolated from jeruk bali (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) (55.42%), Pestalotiopsis sp. isolated from pine apple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) (53.85 %), and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson isolated from banyan (Ficus benyamina L.) (51.81%)
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Prasetyo, Angga, Boy Rahardjo Sidharta, Yustina Sri Hartini, and Exsyupransia Mursyanti. "Toxicity of Bioactive Compound from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Utilizing Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay." Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 7, no. 1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/bio.v7i1.6000.
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Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) has been proven to show anticancer activity. Direct use bioactive compound from red ginger has many obstacles such as large amount of red ginger’s rhizome needed, limitation of planting area, and very long time of harvesting. Utilization of endophytic fungi from red ginger’s rhizome could be an alternative to the problems. The aims of this study were to determine bioactive compound produced by endophytic fungi and toxicity activity based on LC50. Endophytic fungi were isolated from red ginger and were identified macroscopically and microscopically. The bioactive compounds were extracted using ethanol 96%. Flavonoid test was done qualitatively, bioactive compounds were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and the toxicity test was done using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). The present research found two endophytic fungi isolated from red ginger rhizome. Isolate 1 was similar to Mucor sp. and isolate 2 was similar to Trichoderma sp. Phytochemical test revealed bioactive compound extracted from the isolates were contained flavonoid. TLC analysis did not detect quercetin from the bioactive compound extracted from the isolates. LC50 values of the bioactive compound from the isolates were 2.300 and 1.747 µg/ml, respectively. The toxicological results suggest that both isolates produce non-toxic compound to Artemia salina.
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Dobranic, J. K., J. A. Johnson, and Q. R. Alikhan. "Isolation of endophytic fungi from eastern larch (Larix lancina) leaves from New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 2 (1995): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-026.
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Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) collected in Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada. Two thousand three hundred and six isolates were obtained from 1600 leaves (6400 leaf segments) from 40 trees. Isolates were obtained from 36.0% of the segments. These were distributed among 73.9% of the leaves. Multiple isolates (two or more) were obtained from 12.8% of the leaves but 26.1% of the leaves had no endophyte isolated whatsoever. The isolate designated RP31 accounted for 84.2% of all isolates and was the lone endophyte isolated from 46.5% of the leaves. Isolates RPB82, RPB65, and coelomycete 3 accounted for 10.2% of all isolates obtained. Of the 10 taxa isolated, RP31, RPB82, RPB65, and coelomycete 3 represented 98.1% of the total number of isolates. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the number of isolations between leaf segments from the petiole to the tip when all isolates were considered together. However, if RP31 was excluded from the analysis, the remaining isolates were isolated significantly (p > 0.05) more frequently from the petiole segment.Key words: endophytic fungi, Larix laricina, leaves, deciduous.
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Ojeda-Robertos, Nadia Florencia, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, Agustín Olmedo-Juárez, et al. "In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi isolated from water buffalo feces and from soil in the Mexican southeastern." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 2 (2019): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019011.
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Abstract Nematophagous fungi from the feces of water buffalo and soil from southeastern Mexico were isolated, and their in vitro predatory activity against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) (HcL3) was assessed. The fungi were isolated by sprinkling soil or feces on water agar plates. Six series of 10 Petri dishes containing a 7-day-old culture of each fungus and a series without fungi as the control were prepared. Five hundred HcL3 were added to each plate. The plates were incubated at room temperature. The average of recovered HcL3 was considered to estimate the larval reduction rate. Four nematophagous fungi isolates corresponding to Arthrobotrys oligospora, var microspora (strains 4-276, 269 and 50-80) and one identified as A. oligospora,var. oligospora (isolates 48-80) were obtained from water buffalo feces. From the soil, five isolates were isolated; three corresponded to A. musiformis (Bajío, Yumca and Macuspana isolates), and two isolates were identified as A. oligospora (Comalcalco and Jalapa de Méndez isolates). The predatory activity of isolates from water buffalo feces ranged between 85.9 and 100%. Meanwhile, the fungi from the soil ranged between 55.5 and 100% (p≤0.05). The nematophagous fungi obtained could have important implications in the control of parasites of importance in the livestock industry.
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Masrukhin, Masrukhin, Ade Lia Putri, Tri Ratna Sulistiyani, et al. "Antifungal Activity of Bacterial Isolates from Straw Mushroom Cultivation Medium against Phytopathogenic Fungi." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (2021): 59235. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.59235.
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Several bacteria were isolated from straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) cultivation medium. There are three potential isolates previously characterized and has growth inhibition effect against V. volvacea. This screening result lead to the further study about the inhibition activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this research is to investigate the antifungal activity of three bacterial isolates against three phytopathogenic fungi and identification of the bacteria. The method used in this study are antifungal assay using co-culture method and disk difussion assay using the filtrate of each bacteria. The profile of antifungal compound was identified using ethyl acetate extract followed by evaporation and gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis. Identification of each isolates was performed using 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. Three phytopathogenic fungi i.e Cercospora lactucae (InaCC F168), Colletotrichum gloeosporides (InaCC F304) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (F817) were co-cultured with bacterial isolates C2.2, C3.8, and D3.3. The C3.8 isolate has highest average inhibition activity either using isolate and filtrate. The result relatively consistent against three phytopathogenic fungi. The metabolite profile of C3.8 isolate showed the Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as the main compound with 97% similarity. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has potential effect as antibacterial and antifungal compound. According to EzBioCloud and GeneBank databases, the C2.2 isolate identified as Bacillus tequilensis, C3.8 as Bacillus siamensis and D3.3 as Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis. This study also shows the potential of Bacillus siamensis C3.8 as biocontrol against phytopathogenic fungi.
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Biedukiewicz, Anna. "Yeast-like fungi isolated in students." Acta Mycologica 42, no. 1 (2013): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2007.015.
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The occurrence of yeast-like fungi in the most important infection portals of the respiratory system in 200 randomly chosen students of biology and veterinary medicine was examined. The students come into direct contact with plants and animals that may be colonised by fungi belonging to various systematic groups. Nine species of yeast-like fungi, including 7 species determined in the biologists, were recorded in the subjects. <em>Candida tropicalis</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> were the most frequently isolated fungi. The greatest number of fungi was isolated from the oral cavity (124 isolates), fewer from the throat (79 isolates), and the smallest number from the nose (8 isolates). Fungi occurred more frequently in autumn and slightly less frequently in spring, and were isolated more frequently from women than from men.
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Hasibuan, Ida R., Nyoman Semadi Antara, and I. M. Mahaputra Wijaya. "Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Pelapuk Putih Pendegradasi Lignin dari Limbah Cair Pulp dan Kayu Lapuk Eukaliptus (Eucalyptus sp)." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 9, no. 1 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2021.v09.i01.p12.
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Lignin is an organic polymer compound that is difficult to degrade in the environment because of its very complex structure consisting of an aromatic ring group and three carbons in the side chain. This exploratory study aims to determine whether white rot fungi isolated from wastewater from eucalypt pulp and weathered wood are lignolytic and the ability of the isolates to degrade tannins as an approach in the lignin degradation process. The experimental design is divided into two stages, namely: 1) Isolation of fungi that have the ability to degrade tannins quantitatively and qualitatively as well as characterization of fungi morphologically (macroscopic and microscopic). 2) Testing the ability of superior white rot fungus isolates in degrading tannins at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of tannins. The brown zone formed in white rot fungal isolates was measured the zone diameter and intensity of the brown color. The results of this study indicate that of the 29 isolates obtained, there were five superior isolates capable of degrading tannins, namely isolates LD06, LD07, BE01.3, BE01.4 and BE02.2. BE01.3 was isolated at 2% tannin concentration, the second largest diameter of the brown zone after LD06 isolate and the highest brown color intensity level three with a slightly dark brown color intensity, namely slightly blackish brown.
 Keywords: Isolation, characterization, white rot fungi, tannins, lignin degradation
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Pakshir, Keyvan, Moosa Rahimi Ghiasi, Kamiar Zomorodian, and Ali Reza Gharavi. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Keratinophilic Fungi from Public Parks Soil in Shiraz, Iran." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/619576.
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Introduction. Keratinophilic fungi are an important group of fungi that live in soil. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify keratinophilic fungi from the soil of different parks in Shiraz.Materials and Methods. A total of 196 soil samples from 43 parks were collected. Isolation of the fungi was performed by hair bait technique. The isolated colonies were identified by morphologic feature of macro- and microconidia and molecular method, using DNA sequence analysis. ITS region of ribosomal DNA was amplified and the PCR products were sequenced.Results. 411 isolates from 22 genera were identified.Fusarium(23.8%),Chrysosporium(13.13%),Acremonium(12.65%),Penicillium(12.39%),Microsporum gypseum(1.94%),Bionectria ochroleuca(1.21%),Bipolaris spicifera(1.21%),Scedosporium apiospermum(0.82%),Phialophora reptans(0.82%),Cephalosporium curtipes(0.49%),Scedosporium dehoogii(0.24%),Ochroconis constricta(0.24%),Nectria mauritiicola(0.49%),Chaetomium(0.49%),Scopulariopsis(0.24%),Malbranchea(0.24%), andTritirachium(0.24%) were the most important isolates. Most of the fungi were isolated from the soils with the PH range of 7 to 8.Conclusion. Our study results showed that many keratinophilic fungi isolated from the parks soil are important for public health and children are an important group at a high risk of being exposed to these fungi.
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Lima, Milton Luiz da Paz, Maria Cristina Araújo Vaz, Aline Suelen da Silva, Karoliny De Almeida Souza, and Gabriel Isaias Lee Tuñon. "In vitro CONFRONTATION OF Trichoderma spp. ISOLATES WITH PHYTOPATHOGENIC AND NON-PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 3, no. 2 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v3i2.810.
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The aim of this study was the confrontation of Trichoderma spp. with pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. The Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger) were transferred to potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). The confrontation was performed using Petri dishes inoculated with mycelial disks in opposite position (9 mm) of Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi. After inoculation the plates remained under 25 ° C regime to 12 hours light for a period of seven days. After this period was evaluated qualitatively according to the scale of Bell et al. (1982), which consists of the suitability scores for the area percentage of the culture medium under expression of antagonism. The isolate of C. gloeosporioides (jatropha) was isolated which had statistically slightly inhibited growth by Trichoderma spp., Unlike the isolated Alternaria sp. (parsley) was isolated micelial fungi suffered the most antagonism. Statistically the Trichoderma isolate derived from pineapple promoted the highest antagonistic activity against isolates of pathogenic fungi tested, being a candidate for use in biocontrol.
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Vidal, Araceli, Rodolfo Parada, Leonora Mendoza, and Milena Cotoras. "Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Plants Growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile with Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3 (2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6030149.
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Botrytis cinerea is an important phytopathogenic fungus affecting the fruit production around the world. This fungus is controlled mainly by using synthetic fungicides, but many resistant isolates have been selected by the indiscriminate use of fungicides. Endophytic fungi or secondary metabolites obtained from them become an alternative method of control for this fungus. The aim of this work was to identify endophytic fungi with antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus B. cinerea isolated from plants from Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. Three endophytic fungi (Ac1, Lc1 and Ec1) with antifungal activity against B. cinerea were isolated from native and endemic plants growing in Central Andean Precordillera of Chile. The isolates Lc1 (isolated from Lithraea caustica) and Ac1 (isolated from Acacia caven) were identified as Alternaria spp. and the isolate Ec1 (isolated from Echinopsis chiloensis) was identified as Aureobasidium spp. The isolated endophytic fungi would inhibit B. cinerea through the secretion of diffusible and volatile compounds affecting the mycelial growth, conidia germination and interestingly, it was also shown that the volatile compounds produced by the three isolated endophytic fungi suppressed the sporulation of B. cinerea.
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Wubah, D. A., M. S. Fuller, and D. E. Akin. "Isolation of monocentric and polycentric fungi from the rumen and feces of cows in Georgia." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 6 (1991): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-158.
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Three monocentric and two polycentric obligately anaerobic zoosporic fungi were isolated from the rumen, freshly voided feces, and dry and moist feces. Rumen isolates were morphologically similar to fecal isolates from the same animal. The monocentric isolates were Piromyces communis, Neocallimastix frontalis, and Caecomyces communis. The polycentric isolates were Orpinomyces bovis and Orpinomyces sp. type PC3. Piromyces communis and N. frontalis were obtained from feces stored for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Orpinomyces bovis and Orpinomyces sp. type PC3 were isolated from dry feces, but not moist feces, stored for 3 and 6 months, respectively. Caecomyces communis was isolated only from feces stored for 6 weeks. All the isolates, except C. communis, formed melanized sporangia in pure culture. Structures that were morphologically similar to the melanized sporangia of rumen fungi were observed in fecal smears.The fecal isolates grew under conditions similar to the rumen, but not under aerobic conditions. Key words: rumen fungi, Chytridiomycetes, fecal fungi.
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Manguilimotan, Lebeth C., and Jayzon G. Bitacura. "Biosorption of Cadmium by Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Coastal Water and Sediments." Journal of Toxicology 2018 (October 22, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7170510.
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The use of microorganisms in decontaminating the environment encumbered with heavy metal pollutants through biosorption is considered as a good option for bioremediation. This study was conducted to isolate Cadmium (Cd) tolerant fungi from coastal waters and sediments, compare their biosorption capabilities, and identify the isolates with the highest Cd uptake. Water and sediment samples were collected near the effluent sites of industrial belt in Ibo, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu, Philippines. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates containing Cd (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) were used to isolate Cd tolerant fungi from the samples. The distinct colonies that grew on the highest Cd concentration (100 ppm) were then isolated into pure cultures. The pure cultures of Cd tolerant fungi served as a source of inocula for in vitro biosorption assay using Cd dissolved in potato dextrose broth (PDB) as the substrate. Cd tolerant fungal isolates with the highest Cd uptake were finally identified up to the lowest possible taxon based on their colonial and microscopic characteristics. Most filamentous fungal colonies have grown most at the lower Cd concentrations and least at the higher concentrations. From the characteristics of the fungal growth on the plate with the highest Cd concentration, eight distinct colonies from both sediment and water samples were isolated into pure cultures. Among the eight fungal isolates, only three had significant Cd biosorption efficiency, these were fungal isolate 3 (13.87 %), fungal isolate 6 (11.46 %), and fungal isolate 4 (10.71 %). Two of them (fungal isolates 3 and 4) belong to genus Aspergillus while the other (fungal isolate 6) is a species of Penicillium. The results of this study showed that Cd tolerant fungi with biosorption capacity could be isolated from coastal water and sediments in the vicinity of areas suspected of heavy metal contamination.
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Sastrahidayat, Ika Rochdjatun, Chintya Ivana Situmorang, and Anton Muhibuddin. "Fungi in Rice Straw, Cane Straw, Maize Straw and Their Potential as Decomposer." SAINTEKBU 10, no. 1 (2018): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/saintekbu.v10i1.161.
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Organic material decomposition is the reorganizing process of the organic material by microbes in the controlled circumstances. The microbes which were used in general such as fungi, bacteria or yeast. Aerobic yeasts is one of the microbes needs oxygen to work. Yeast was obtained by the exploration of the rice straw, maize straw and cane straw in Dau, Malang, East of Java. By the result of the microscopic exploration and observation through the microscope, it was obtained 9 yeast isolates and 3 fungi isolates. 2 yeast isolates and 1 fungi isolate from the rice straw, 2 yeast isolates and 1 fungi isolate from the maize straw, and 5 yeast isolates and 1 fungi isolate from the cane straw. The identification results were obtained Candida parapsilosis, Bellera oryzae, Kluyveromyces thermotolerant, Candida tropicalis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Pichia membranfaciens, Cryptococcus wieringae. The highest potential yeast as an organic fertilizer decomposer is Cryptococcus wieringae and the lowest is Bullera oryzae.
 Keywords : Candida, Pichia, Cryptococcus, Bullera, Kluyveromyces, DebaryomycesWickerhamomyces, Fusarium and Trichoderma 
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Molecular Identification of Rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. and Their Antagonistic Impact Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 1 (2016): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.1.53-65.
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The main aim of this study was to molecular identification and determine the antagonistic impact of rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. against some phytopathogenic fungi, including (Magnaporthe grisea) pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phasolina. Four Trichoderma isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soils of the different host plants in different locations of Egyptian governorates. The morphological characterization of isolated Trichoderma as well as using of (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) ribosomal gene sequence acquisition and data analyses. By comparing the results of DNA sequences of ITS region, the fungi represented one isolate were positively identified as T. asperellum (1 isolate T1) and one as T. longibrachiatum (1 isolate T2) and two as Trichoderma harzianum (2 isolates T3 and T4). The results showed similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence of the two isolates, T1 (T. asperellum) and T2 (T. longibrachiatum) of (99%, 99%), respectively. The similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence with isolates of T3, T4 (T. harzianum) of (99%). On the other side, the results of molecular identification of phytopathogenic fungi represented high similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence and were identified as P.oryzae, R. solani and M. phasolina (99, 96 and 99%) respectively. Variations and genetic relationships among 4 Trichoderma isolates were investigated by using the Rapid Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles using ten random primers. All Trichoderma isolates were assessed for their antagonistic impact on phytopathogens P. oryzae, R. solani and M. phasolina. Though T. harzianum isolates were more affects than T. longibrachiatum and T. asperellum isolates, the percent inhibitory effect among T. harzianum isolates were vary much (44.8 to 91.6%). The inhibitory effect of T. asperellum isolates ranged from 42.2 to (86.0%), while T. longibrachiatum exhibiting affect ranged between (47.5%) to (83.8%).
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Johnson, J. A., and N. J. Whitney. "Cytotoxicity and insecticidal activity of endophytic fungi from black spruce (Picea mariana) needles." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 1 (1994): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-004.
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Hyphae and hyphal extracts from fungi isolated from inside healthy black spruce needles were assayed for their effect on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) cell cultures and larvae. Isolates were from needles of four age-classes (current –3 years old) collected throughout a 4-month sampling period. Hyphal extracts from 21 of the 100 isolates tested were toxic to spruce budworm cell cultures and isolates from older needles (2 and 3 years old) negatively affected cells more frequently (p < 0.05) than isolates from younger needles (current and 1 year old). Hyphae from five isolates and hyphal extracts from seven increased mortality (p < 0.05) when fed to second instar larvae in a laboratory bioassay. Development was delayed and larval dry mass reduced when budworm were fed hyphae from Cryptocline abietina Petrak (isolate number 69). Larval dry mass was reduced when budworm were fed the extract from Aureobasidium pullulons (de Bary) Am. (isolate 87) but increased when fed Cryptocline abietina (isolates 40 and 80), a coelomycete (isolate 12), and Hormonema dematioides (isolates 28, 63, and 96).Key words: endophytic fungi, budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, Picea mariana, toxicity.
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Jović, Jelena, Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov, and Ljiljana Mojović. "Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with autochthonous fungi from Serbia." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 25, no. 2 (2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea25-31108.
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This research examined the potential use of isolated Serbian autochthonous fungi in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Among 12 isolated fungi, the isolates identified as Trametes hirsuta F13 and Stereum gausapatum F28 stood out as ligninolytic enzyme producers and were selected for potential use in the pretreatment of a waste lignocellulosic biomass. An isolate identified as Myrmaecium fulvopruinatum F14 showed high hydrolytic activity, but negligible ligninolytic activity, and it was selected as a potential producer of important industrial hydrolytic enzymes. Further, the breakdown of lignocellulosic waste, beechwood sawdust, by T. hirsuta F13 and S. gausapatum F28 was examined. Both isolates efficiently degraded biomass, but T. hirsuta F13 exhibited greater selectivity (selectivity coefficient of 1.7) than S. gausapatum F28 (1.1). The isolate F13 was considered a better candidate for the pretreatment, and it was selected for further analysis which involved the use of molasses stillage as a supplement to improve the pretreatment.
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Ogle, HJ, AM Stirling, and PJ Dart. "Pathogenicity of fungi associated with seedling disease of cotton." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930923.
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Fungi associated with cotton seedling disease were isolated directly from a vertisol at Narrabri, New South Wales, in which cotton had failed to establish, and from cotton seedlings grown in the same soil and seedlings grown in 7 Queensland cotton-growing soils (also Vertisols). Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium vexans, I unidentified pythiaceous fungi, and a number of miscellaneous unidentified fungi were isolated from soil or soilborne plant debris. Pythium ultimum, R. solani, Fusarium spp., and unidentified pythiaceous fungi were isolated from lesions on seedling hypocotyls. The pathogenicity of the fungi was investigated using cotton seedlings grown in steamed potting mix; 93% of seedlings survived in the absence of fungal inoculum. Of the fungi isolated from the Narrabri soil, P. ultimum and R. solani were most pathogenic, reducing seedling survival at 14 days after inoculation to 33%. Isolates of P. vexans and Fusarium spp. reduced seedling survival to 64% and 73-87%, respectively. Isolates of R. solani or P. ultirnum from the Queensland soils completely prevented seedling emergence in most cases, while isolates of Fusarium spp. were not pathogenic. Isolates of both R. solani and P. ultimum varied significantly in pathogenicity.
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BOURTZI-HATZOPOULOU (Ε. ΜΠΟΥΡΤΖΗ-ΧΑΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ), E., A. ZDRAGAS (Α. ΖΔΡΑΓΚΑΣ), E. PETRIDOU (Ε. ΠΕΤΡΙΔΟΥ), and G. FILIOUSIS (Γ. ΦΙΛΙΟΥΣΗΣ). "Yeasts as a causative agent of bovine mastitis in Greece." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 54, no. 2 (2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15257.
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The aim of this study was to isolate fungi from mastitic milk of dairy cows and to identify fungal microorganisms involved in bovine mastitis. A total of 608 milk samples from clinical mastitis quarters from 580 animals in Northern Greece were collected, during the years 1997-2001. Antibacterial treatment was administrated to 50% of the sampled animals. Forty two (42) fungi were isolated and identified using mycological media and methods. From the 42 fungi isolates, 38 were yeasts and 4 moulds. The yeasts isolated were classified into the genera Candida, Geotrichum, Rhodotorula. From the thirty four (34) Candida species, 14 were identified as G tropicalis and 6 as G krusei. Furthermore, 4 isolates were classified as G pseudotropicalis, 4 as G albicans, 3 as G parapsilosis and 3 as G rugosa. Geotrichum candidum and Rhodotorula spp. were represented with 2 isolates. The isolated moulds were classified into the genus Aspergillus. Fungi were isolated in pure culture from 38 milk samples and in mixed culturewith bacteria from 4. In 510 samples only bacteria were cultured, while in 56 samples no growth of microorganism was observed. The results of the present study indicate that a level of 6.9% of mycotic mastitis is significant and yeasts are apparently implicated in mammary gland pathology causing economic loss.
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Cwalina-Ambrozik, Bożena, and Barbara Majchrzak. "Fungi occurring on seeds of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.)." Acta Agrobotanica 53, no. 2 (2013): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2000.011.
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Laboratory experiment were caried out to isolate fungi from the seeds of goat rue cultivated with and without fertilization. Additionally, kind of medium (PDA and mineral medium) and mean of preparation seeds, were factors differentiated number of fungi. Species such as <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (51,6%) and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> (20,4% of total colony) were isolated from seeds most frequently. From combination without fertilization 7,2% more isolates were obtained. Mineral medium and superficial disinfection of seeds had reducing influence on number of isolates.
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Michalczyk, Alicja, Anna Cieniecka-Rosłonkiewicz, and Małgorzata Cholewińska. "Plant endophytic fungi as a source of paclitaxel." Herba Polonica 60, no. 4 (2015): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hepo-2015-0002.
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SummaryEndophytic fungi were isolated from different parts of the plants Corylus avellana (Corylaceae) and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) and then identified to the genus level based on the morphology of the fungal culture and the characteristics of the spores. The fungicidal and antitumor activity of isolates and extracts obtained from them was determined. We found that a few isolates from Corylus avellana and Ocimum basilicum produced metabolites that inhibited the growth of Oomycetes fungi to a highly significant extent. In the potato disc bioassay only an extract from the isolate C-9 showed an inhibitory action in tumor development. Paclitaxel presence in extract from the isolate C-9 was confirmed using the thin layer chromatography method (TLC) and UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis. The above results indicated that the tested samples revealed an antitumor activity. The detection of paclitaxel in the isolate C-9 suggests that the antitumor activity resulted probably from the presence of this taxane in the tested material.
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Abneuf, Mohammed A., Abiramy Krishnan, Marcelo Gonzalez Aravena, et al. "Antimicrobial activity of microfungi from maritime Antarctic soil." Czech Polar Reports 6, no. 2 (2016): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2016-2-13.
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The search for cold-adapted and cold-active fungi in extreme environments provides the potential for discovering new species and novel bioactive compounds. In this study, soil samples were collected from Deception Island, Wilhelmina Bay (north-west Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Land) and Yankee Bay (Greenwich Island), maritime Antarctica, for the isolation of soil fungi and determination of their antimicrobial activity. The soil-plate method, agar block, disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution assays were applied to characterize the thermal classes and antimicrobial activity of the isolated fungi. A total of 27 isolates of fungi were obtained from 14 soil samples, including 13 Ascomycota, 4 Zygomycota and 10 anamorphic fungi. Cold-active (psychrotolerant) fungi predominated over cold-adapted (psychrophilic) fungi. In the antimicrobial assay, 16 isolates showed substantial inhibitory activity against test bacterial pathogens. Ethyl acetate extracts of 10 competent isolates showed significant inhibition of bacterial pathogens. Antifungal activity was observed in the disc diffusion assay, but not in the agar block assay. Minimum inhibitory, bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were determined using the broth micro-dilution method, with an average in the range of 0.78-25 mg ml-1 on the test microorganisms. Isolate WHB-sp. 7 showed the best broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, with the potential for biotechnological studies in antibiotic development.
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Yunilas, Yunilas, Lili Warly, Yetti Marlida, and Irsan Ryanto. "Isolasi Dan Karakteristik Fungi Lignoselulolitik Dari Limbah Sawit Sebagai Agen Pendegradasi Pakan Berserat." Rona Teknik Pertanian 12, no. 2 (2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v12i2.10112.
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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakteristik fungi lignoselulolitik dari limbah sawit sebagai pendegradasi serat (senyawa polisakarida). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi melalui isolasi, karakteristik, uji degradasi lignoselulosa dan identifikasi. Isolasi menggunakan medium selektif yang dimodifikasi mengandung carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), xylan, lignin dan manan. Dari hasil isolasi diperoleh 16 isolat fungi lignoselulolitik dan 4 diantaranya memiliki kemampuan tinggi dalam mendegradasi lignoselulosa yaitu isolate fungi YLF2, YLF3, YLF4 dan YLF8. Isolat fungi yang diperoleh memiliki karakteristik yang bervariasi meliputi bentuk, permukaan, tepi dan warna koloni. Hasil uji degradasi (hidrolitik) menunjukkan bahwa isolat fungi YLF8 menghasilkan indeks hidrolitik lebih tinggi dibanding fungi lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa isolat fungi YLF8 termasuk pada strain Trichoderma sp berpotensi sebagai isolat pendegradasi serat dan dapat digunakan sebagai bioktivator dalam fermentasi pakan berserat.Isolation And Characteristic Of Lignocellulolitic Fungi Of Palm Waste As a Fiber Feed Degrading AgentAbstract. This study aims to isolate and characterize lignocellulolytic fungi from palm wastes as fiber degradation (polysaccharide compounds). This research uses exploration method through isolation, characteristic, lignocellulosic degradation test and identification. Isolation using modified selective medium contains carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), xylan, lignin and manan. From isolation result obtained 16 isolates of lignocellulolytic fungi and 4 of them have high ability in degrading lignocellulose that is fungi YLF2, YLF3, YLF4 and YLF8. The obtained fungi isolates have varying characteristics including shape, surface, edges and colony color. The result of degradation test (hydrolytic) showed that YLF8 fungi isolates yielded higher hydrolytic index than other fungi. Based on the results it can be concluded that the isolates of YLF8 fungi belong to the Trichoderma sp strain potentially as fiber degrading isolates and can be used as bioctivators in fibrous fermentation feed.
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Simarmata, Rumella, Sylvia Lekatompessy, and Harmastini Sukiman. "ISOLASI MIKROBA ENDOFITIK DARI TANAMAN OBAT SAMBUNG NYAWA Gynura procumbens) DAN ANALISIS POTENSINYA SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 13, no. 1 (2007): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.13.1.200714.
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Sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) has many beneficial effects to human health, such as decreasing blood pressure, maintaining blood sugar level (hypoglycaemic), decreasing cholesterol, a remedy for kidney trouble, antibacterial and lessen the inflamation (antiinflamation). This research was undertaken to discover the potency of endophytic microbes from sambung nyawa as antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this research was to screen the endophytic bacteria and the endophytic fungi having antimicrobial activity, which were isolated from stems, leaves, roots and fruits of medical plants, sambung nyawa. The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the growth inhibition of pathogenic microbes i.e Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis. A total of 38 isolates of bacteria and 15 isolates of fungi were obtained from sambung nyawa. Analysis demonstrated that, 45 percent isolates of bacteria and 20 percent isolates of fungi exhibited inhibitory activity. Antimicrobial activity was found in 21 percent of the isolates that inhibited the growth of C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and B. subtilis, whereas 24 percent of isolates had activity only against B. subtilis. Isolate of endophytic bacteria USN 1.1 and USN 2.3 showed the most significant of inhibition zone. The Inhibition zone of the isolate USN 1.1 to C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp, and B. subtilis were 2.318 cm2, 0.969 cm2, 0.796 cm2, and 0.381 cm2, respectively. The Inhibition zone of the isolate USN 2.3 to C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and B. subtilis were 3.01 cm2, 0.519 cm2, 0.588 cm2 and 0.83 cm2, respectively. These results indicated that endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi could be a promising source for antimicrobial agents.
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Akhsan, Ni'matuljannah. "Exploration and Characterization of Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium sp. Local In Several Districts In East Kalimantan." Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 10, no. 1 (2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v10i1.1152.
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Entomopathogenic fungi are microorganisms that can be used as bioinsecticides. The effectiveness of fungi is influenced by the surrounding environment so that it is necessary to explore specific local entomopathogenic fungi. Larva of Tenebrio molitor Linn was used as the insect bait, to isolate the fungi. The Soil for trapping entomopathogenic fungi was taken by purposive sampling from the field of staple food, horticulture, and estate crops in six districts of the East Kalimantan. The observation showed that ten isolates of Metarhizium sp. were very high pathogenicity, five isolates were moderates, and three isolates were very low. The characteristics of Metarhizium sp. isolates grown in GYA medium were
 0.25 cm per day of colony growth, initially white colonies, 3-7 days started green from the edges, 14 days the entire colony was dark green. Hyaline hyphae, insulated, rigid conidiophoreser, cylindrical and single-celled conidia. The T. molitor larvae attacked by Metarhizium sp. were stiff in three days after application (daa), grew white hyphae in 6 daa, and grew dark green colony in 9 daa.
 Keywords: Entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium, East Kalimantan isolate.
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Siska Nuryanti, Rusli, and Risma Astuti. "Potensi Fungi Endofit Biji Pinang Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Salmonella thypi." Green Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/gmj.v1i1.23.
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Endophyte fungi are microbe that living inside the plant tissue without harming the host plant. Endophyte fungi can produce secondary metabolite which can be used as antioxidant, anticancer and antimicobes compound. The aims of this study are to isolate and identify endophyte fungi from seed of Areca catechu L which is potential as an antibacterial producer. Antibacterial activity testing method used in this study is thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography method. In this work we had isolated five endophyte fungi from Areca catechu L. seed and investigated its antibacterial properties. Isolates IFBP_1 has the greatest antibacterial activity againts Escherichia coli dan Salmonella thypi. Areca catechu L seed endophyte fungi can inhibit Escherichia coli bacteria with Rf values 0.45, 0.65 and 0.92, and Salmonella thypi bacteria with Rf values 0.61 and 0.85. Identification of the chemical components Areca catechu L seed endophyte fungi that inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella thypi are alkaloid, tannin, and polyphenol compounds. This result suggest that endophyte fungi isolates from seed of Areca catechu L. can be further explored as new sources of antibacterial compounds
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Wibowo, Risky Hadi, Sipriyadi Sipriyadi, Nisa Rachmania Mubarik, and Iman Rusmana. "Soil Chitinolytic Bacteria from Jambi Province to Produce Antifungal of Plant Pathogens." Mangifera Edu 5, no. 1 (2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v5i1.95.
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Chitinolytic bacteria are bacteria that have chitinolytic activity, which is able to hydrolysis the composition of chitin which composes many fungal cell walls. Chitinolytic bacteria are currently more widely used because of their ability as a biological control agent to the pathogenic fungi especially in horticultural and plantation crops. This research was conducted with the aim of obtaining isolates of chitinolytic bacteria that were able to inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi in Vitro on chitin agar media. Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Rhizoctonia solanii are used in the inhibition test of chitinolytic bacteria. Bacteria were isolated and screened from the soil of Bukit Dua Belas National Park and Oil Palm Plantations in Jambi using 0.3% chitin agar media. The results showed that two of 10 bacterial isolates were able to produce inhibition zones to the growth of hyphae of pathogenic fungi on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. TB04-13 isolate was able to produce the largest inhibition in F. oxysporum and R. solanii about 42% and 42.05% respectively, while TB04-15 isolate produced the biggest inhibition in S. Rolfsii ranged to 25.50%. Based on the chitinolytic index (CI) values, isolates TB04-13 and TB04-15 produced CI values of 1.60 and 0.63, respectively. The morphological characteristics and Gram staining of both TB04-13 and TB04-15 chitinolytic isolates are included in rod-shaped and Gram-positive bacteria. Both of these isolates can be used as antifungal-producing candidates for plant pathogenic fungi in Indonesia.
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Duddu, Midhun Kumar, and Girijasankar Guntuku. "ISOLATION, SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM KAPULUPPADA PLASTIC WASTE DUMPING YARD, VISAKHAPATNAM." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 11 (2016): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i11.10110.
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Objective: To isolate, screen and characterize antibiotic producing actinomycetes from Kapuluppada plastic waste dumping yard, Visakhapatnam.Methods: A total of 12 soil samples were collected, serially diluted and spread on starch casein agar supplemented with Rifampicin and Cycloheximide for inhibition of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Cross-streak method was used to check the antagonistic activity of isolated actinomycetes against bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts from submerged state fermentation were used for the production of antimicrobial compounds. Agar well diffusion method was used for antimicrobial activity of crude extracts against test organisms. The isolates were characterized by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods.Results: A total of 110 actinomycete isolates were isolated from plastic waste dumping yard. All isolates had shown antimicrobial activity against one or more tested bacteria/fungi. The crude extract of the isolates PD66 (12.2 mm), PD85 (11.5 mm) were most active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, PD4 (14.1 mm), PD66 (15.6 mm) were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas the extracts of PD10 (19.2 mm), PD47 (19.8 mm), PD106 (19.1 mm) were active against Candida albicans, PD10 (14.6 mm), PD82 (15.7 mm) active against Saccharomyces cereviciae. The isolates had shown varying morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics.Conclusion: The actinomycetes isolated from Kapuluppada plastic waste dumping yard were found to be most promising microorganisms for the production of antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics.
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Murdiyah, Siti. "Endophytic Fungi of Various Medicinal Plants Collected From Evergreen Forest Baluran National Park and Its Potential as Laboratory Manual for Mycology Course." Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia 3, no. 1 (2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v3i1.3977.
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Endophytic fungi found on a variety of medicinal plants may express particular benefit. These fungi provide an alternative to overcome the progressive microbial resistance and as an effort to combat infectious diseases that became one of the leading causes of mortality. The main objective of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi from leaf samples of five medicinal plants species collected from evergreen forests Baluran National Park and its use as laboratory manual for Micology. Research findings showed there were 3 isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from 2 medicinal plants namely Kesambi (Schleicera oleosa) and Ketapang (Terminalia catappa). All three isolates formed sporangiophores as asexual reproductive structures, while the structure of sexual still undiscovered therefore its classification has not been determined. The validity tests also showed that the lab manual is feasible for use with the percentage achievement 85.37% and 88.56%.
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Bussaban, Boonsom, Saisamorn Lumyong, Pipob Lumyong, Eric HC McKenzie, and Kevin D. Hyde. "Endophytic fungi from Amomum siamense." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 10 (2001): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-098.
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Endophytic fungi were isolated from apparently healthy organs of the wild ginger Amomum siamense Criab., including leaves, pseudostems, and rhizomes, collected from two sites in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand. Endophytes were relatively common with an isolate prevalence of 70%83% at the two sites sampled in the wet and dry seasons. The endophyte assemblages from the two sites were diverse and comprised 7 Ascomycetes and 26 mitosporic fungi. Colletotrichum "gloeosporioides" (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz., Glomerella spp., xylariaceous fungi, and Phomopsis spp. were consistently dominant as endophytes on Amomum siamense, but many rare species and mycelia sterilia were also recorded. There was no significant difference between the number of isolates recovered from leaves containing vein tissues and those containing intervein tissues, independent of leaf age. Most taxa showed a preference for either leaf tissue or pseudostems. Two new Ascomycetes species, Gaeumannomyces amomi and Leiosphaerella amomi, were discovered from leaves and rhizomes, respectively, and four species of Pyricularia, including three new species, were isolated from leaves.Key words: Zingiberaceae endophytes, isolate prevalence, tissue specificity, seasonal effects.
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Hossain, MD, M. Imran, KA Bhuiyan, ME Habib, and M. Ikrum. "Prevalence of Seed Borne Fungi Associated with Chickpea Seeds and Biological and Chemical Control of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt Disease." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 2 (2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i2.39012.
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A total of 20 chickpea seed samples were collected from BARI, Gazipurand different locations of Savar, Dhaka district. Blotter method was used for detection of the associated fungi of chickpea seeds. Altogether 14 fungi comprising 12 genera namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Botryti cinerea, Curvularia lunata, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phasaelina, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Stemphylium sarciniforme were isolated from chickpea seed samples. Among the fungi isolated fungi, F. oxysporumwas most prevalent with an average incidence of 18.95% and found in all the seed samples. The germination of seed samples varied from 55-90 % on blotter. The pathogenic fungi and other storage fungi like Aspergillus caused lower the germination of the seeds.A pathogenicity test was conducted with 20 isolates of F. oxysporum against their origin of chickpea seed samples in pot culture. The pathogenecity ranged from weak to highly pathogenic. The isolates FO 19, FO 17, FO 11 and FO 18 were highly virulent. The isolates FO 9, FO10 and FO 15 were virulent and rest of the isolates were moderately virulent. The isolates FO 2 and FO 3 were weak pathogen.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 45-54 2017
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Hartono, Hartono, Arif Wibowo, and Achmadi Priyatmojo. "Isolation, Identification and the Abilities of Fungi Associated with Agarwood from Bangka Belitung Island to Induce Agarwood Compounds." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 1 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.31623.
Full textAbstract:
Agarwood is one of the non-timber forest products that have high economic value. Agarwood is widely used to make incense, perfume and other products. Sapwood on agarwood is a group of secondary metabolites of agarwood plants that form a lump and have a certain color and aroma. The fragrant aroma of sapwood on agarwood is formed due to pathogenic infection of the agarwood tree. Until now, most studies of fungi forming sapwood are only oriented to virulent pathogenic fungi in nature and have never been reported to form hypovirulent agarwood. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of fungi originating from sapwood on agarwood especially those that are hypovirulent in inducing sesquiterpene compounds. This study included exploration, isolation, identification, and induction of fungi associated with sapwood on agarwood from four districts in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Hypovirulence test in cucumber sprouts and sesquiterpene induction test on agarwood plantlets was conducted in the laboratory. Based on the isolation results, 48 fungal isolates associated with sapwood on agarwood were found: fungi of genus Fusarium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Peniophora, and six isolates were unidentified. Based on the hypovirulence test on cucumber sprouts, 46 isolates of the fungus 46 isolates were virulent and 2 isolates were hypovirulent (isolates 4A and 17A). The induction of sesquiterpene compounds on the agarwood plant was employed using 5 sample isolates consisting of 4 virulent isolates (2A, 7A, 18A, and 25A) and 1 hypovirulent isolate (Isolate 4A). The results showed that hypovirulent isolates were able to produce sesquiterpenes even in small amounts compared with virulent isolates. Isolates produced many sesquiterpene compounds were isolates 18A (Fusarium sp.). Sesquiterpene compounds formed were pinene, terpineol, patchouli alcohol, trimethyl-naphthalene, beta-caryophyllene, camphor, eugenol, trimethyl- benzene, phenanthrene, citronella, eucalyptol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. In this study also found fungi associated with sapwood on agarwood which had never been reported by previous researchers, Peniophora sp. (isolate 25A).
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Souchie, Edson L., Rosario Azcón, Jose M. Barea, Eliane M. R. Silva, and Orivaldo J. Saggin-Júnior. "Enhancement of clover growth by inoculation of P-solubilizing fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 82, no. 3 (2010): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652010000300023.
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This study evaluated the synergism between several P-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( Trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of Araxá apatite. Clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. The substrate was fertilized with 3 g L-1 of Araxá apatite. A completely randomized design, in 8×2 factorial scheme (eight P-solubilizing fungi treatments with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)and four replicates were used. The P-solubilizing fungi treatments consisted of five Brazilian P-solubilizing fungi isolates (PSF 7, 9, 20, 21 and 22), two Spanish isolates ( Aspergillus niger and the yeast Yarowia lipolytica) and control (non-inoculated treatment). The greatest clover growth rate was recorded when Aspergillus niger and PSF 21 were co-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Aspergillus niger, PSF 7 and PSF 21 were the most effective isolates on increasing clover growth in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Greater mycorrhizal colonization resulted in greater clover growth rate in most PSF treatments. PSF 7 was the best isolate to improve the establishment of mycorrhizal and rhizobia symbiosis.
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Mariana, Mariana, Kurnia Utami Dewi, Samharinto Samharinto, and Ismed Setya Budi. "Potential of Fungi Isolate as a Biological Control of White Root Disease (Rigidoporus sp.) on Rubber Plant." TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL 6, no. 1 (2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/twj.v6i1.82.
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Rigidoporus Sp. is a white root fungus which is the main diseases problems on rubber plants in the wet and dry lands of South Kalimantan. An economically and ecologically beneficial control solution for this problem soil contagion was by using antagonistic fungi. This research was aimed to study the potential of rhizosphere and endophytic fungi in swampland, to control white root fungus on rubber plants. The research used exploratory method. Rhizospheric fungi were explored from swamp rubber plant roots at Pulau Damar village Hulu Sungai Utara District; endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and jelutung swamps (Dyera lowii) which is rubber-like plants. The isolates found then were screened based on the percentage of inhibition using the dual culture method between pathogens and test isolates, also observed the interaction mechanism and viability test. The research in the laboratory was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with one factor i.e. the type of antagonistic fungi. Five isolates which had the highest inhibitory power were isolates I13K4R, I7K3R, I1K2R, I6K2R, and I1E with successive inhibitions 95.00%, 83.00%, 76.50%, 62.50% and 53.00%. Thus, isolates have included potential antagonistic agents because they had the ability in space competition more than 50% and proven to be able to paralyze Rigidoporus. The viability test results showed that the isolate that had germination capability of more than 60% were respectively I13K4R 88.05%, I7K3R 87.33%, I1K2R 86.93%, I6K2R 72.85%, and I1E 74.78%.
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Marcinkowska, Joanna. "Fungi of the genus Fusarium as pathogens of soybean seedlings." Acta Agrobotanica 38, no. 2 (2013): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1985.011.
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Twenty isolates of fungi of the genus <i>Fusarium</i> collected in the period 1980-1982 from various organs of diseased soybean plants were investigated. Eight of them proved pathogenic to soybean seedlings. The species <i>F. culmorum</i> was most numerously represented among the isolated (4 of 8) pathogens. Isolates of <i>F. sambucinum</i> were also pathogenic (2 of 4) and those of <i>F. soloni</i> (1 of 3), too. The only isolate of <i>F. avenaceum</i> also caused seedling blight. Two isolates of <i>F. oxysporum</i> and two of <i>F. arthrosporioides</i> were not pathogenic. Numerous isolates affected seed gernination and one greatly inhibited growth of the infected seedlings. Pathogenicity was tested in the laboratory in Petri plates on isolate cultures and on filter paper imbibed with fungal inoculum and, in the greenhouse on a peat and perlite substrate. The degree of infection and the character of the disease symptoms depended on the experimental conditions. The results of experiments in plates and in the greenhouse supplemented one another.
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Pięta, Danuta, and Irena Kiecana. "Mycoflora of Viola wittrockiana Games seeds." Acta Agrobotanica 44, no. 1-2 (2013): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1991.003.
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Thirty seed speciments of <i>Viola wittrockiana</i> harvested in the years 1985-1987 were investigated. As a result of mycological analysis, 1808 fungi isolates belonging to 19 species were obtained. Most frequently isolated species was <i>Alternaria alternata</i> whose isolates made 26 % of isolations of all the fungi. Among the fungi isolated particularly from undisinfected seeds the species from the <i>Penicillium</i> kind were dominant. Pathogenic fungi like <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> were also isolated from the investigated seeds.
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Pimentel, Ida Chapaval, Chirlei Glienke-Blanco, Juarez Gabardo, Rodrigo Makowiecky Stuart, and João Lúcio Azevedo. "Identification and colonization of endophytic fungi from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) under different environmental conditions." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 5 (2006): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000600003.
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A total of 297 endophytic fungi were isolated from 1728 leaf and stem fragments collected about twenty and forty days after germination from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) plants grown in the field and a greenhouse. The fungi belonged to eight groups, six dematiaceous genera (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Drechslera and Scopulariopsis) and the non-dematiaceous genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Paecilomyces and Penicillium along with some Mycelia sterilia.. There were qualitative and quantitative differences in the type and number of isolates obtained from greenhouse and field-grown plants, with more isolates being obtained from the latter. No difference was found in the number of fungi isolated from leaves and stems irrespective of where the plants was grown. For was field-grown plants, the number of isolates decreased as the plants aged and more fungi were found in tissues near the soil, while for greenhouse-grown plants the number of isolates increased as the plants aged but in this case no more fungi were isolated from those tissues nearer the soil. These results could have biotechnological relevance for the biological control of pests or plant growth promotion.
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Shah, M. M., M. M. Rahman, M. R. Akter, and R. A. Romey. "DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROBES CAUSING STUNTED GROWTH IN COMMERCIAL BROILERS." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 10, no. 1-2 (2013): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15643.
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The study was conducted to isolate and characterize the microbes causing stunted growth in commercial broilers from Vai-Vai Poultry Farm (Kornai, Katapara, Dinajpur), Israfil Poultry Farm (Basherhat, Dinajpur), Guljar Poultry Farm (North Sibrampur, Dinajpur) and Maa Poultry Farm (Nayanpur, Dinajpur), during the period from January 2011 to July 2011. A total of 158 samples comprising dead birds, sick birds, litter, droppings, poultry feed and drinking water were collected among them 56 (n= 56) positive samples were isolated for this study from commercial broilers and subjected to primary isolation by propagating in nutrient broth followed by culture on selective media Brilliant Green Agar, Salmonella-Shigella Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Sabourauds Dextrose Agar media. Gram's staining techniques were performed. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied and reaction in TSI agar slant was also observed. Among the 56 positive isolates 9 isolates were found positive for Fungi, 37 isolates were found positive for E. coli and 26 isolates were found to be positive for Salmonella spp. that are the casual factors for stunted growth in commercial broilers. Among them 16 isolates were found mixed infection with Salmonella spp. and E. coli also included in both prevalence. The prevalence of Fungi, E. coli and Salmonella spp. were recorded as 16.07%, 66.07% and 46.42% respectively. Among the microbes isolated Escherichia coli was determined as predominant bacteria (66.07%) causing stunted growth in commercial broilers than Salmonella spp. (46.42%) and Fungi (16.07%). Litter and dropping samples were the highest sources of contamination than tracheal swabs. Fungal samples were isolated from feed, litter and drinking water samples and the prevalence of Fungi were recorded as lowest (16.07%) than other microbes causing stunted growth than Escherichia coli (66.07%) and Salmonella spp. (46.42%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15643
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Lu, Yin, Chuan Chen, Hong Chen, Jianfen Zhang, and Weiqin Chen. "Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi fromActinidia macrospermaand Investigation of Their Bioactivities." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/382742.
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Endophytic fungi from the Chinese medicinal plantActinidia macrospermawere isolated and identified for the first time. This was the first study to evaluate their cytotoxic and antitumour activities against brine shrimp and five types of tumour cells, respectively. In total, 17 fungal isolates were obtained. Five different taxa were represented by 11 isolates, and six isolates were grouped into the species of AscomyceteIncertae sediswith limited morphological and molecular data. Cytotoxic activity has been found in most isolates except AM05, AM06, and AM10. The isolates AM07 (4.86 μg/mL), AM11 (7.71 μg/mL), and AM17 (14.88 μg/mL) exhibited significant toxicity against brine shrimp. The results of the MTT assay to assess antitumour activity revealed that 82.4% of isolate fermentation broths displayed growth inhibition (50% inhibitory concentration IC50< 100 μg/mL). Moreover, AM07, AM11, and AM17 showed strong antitumour activity in all the cell lines examined. These results suggest that endophytic fungi inA. macrospermaare valuable for the isolation and identification of novel cytotoxic and antitumour bioactive agents.
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Ejdys, Elżbieta, Maria Dynowska, Anna Biedunkiewicz, and Ewa Sucharzewska. "Diversity of yeast-like fungi and their selected properties in bioaerosol premises utility." Acta Mycologica 49, no. 1 (2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2014.002.
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A total of 69 isolates of yeasts were recorded in the indoor air of the school buildings: 43 in heated rooms and 26 in unheated rooms. Perfect stages prevailed. Fungi isolated in our study belonged to 39 species. These were mostly monospecific isolates although five two-species isolates were noted. Differences in the properties of physiological characters of fungi isolated in both study seasons were observed. As indoor and outdoor air does not mix during the heating season, a specific substrate for prototrophic, non-fermenting yeastlike fungi forms. Acid production allows fungi to dissolve inorganic compounds in building structures and to release needed microcomponents. Abilities to produce carotenoid pigments are clearly promoted in yeast-like fungi living indoor. This may be related to the accumulation of compounds that are indirect stages in the cycle of biosynthesis of carotenoids or a surplus of oxidizing compounds.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Isolation and identification of the Myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus from the Farms and study the inhibitory effect of cells and filtrates against pathogenic fungi." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 1 (2018): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.9.1.36-44.
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The study was performed to isolate and identify the Myxococcus fulvus from the one hundred samples of soils of farms. Special growth conditions had been used to support the growth of M.fulvus local isolates and suppressed the growth of other microorganisms like (Drying , High Temperature , High concentration of antibiotics and specific growth media ) M.fulvus isolates had been subjected to the morphological, cultural , biochemical examination for identification , as well as , study the inhibitory activites of cells and filtrates of localized isolates against some pathogenic fungi include (Trichophyton mentagrophytes , Microsporum gypseum , Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxyporum ) by using three methods :- Cup assay , well diffusion and mixed culture , Results obtaind could be summarized as follows :- 1. (20) out of (100) soil samples , M.fulvus isolated as fruiting bodies depending on baiting technique by bacterial bait. 2. The media casiton – yeast extract agar was suitable for obtaind the best growth of vegetative swarms as pure culture . 3. (8) local isolates were showed inhibitory effect against all of the tested pathogenic fungi . 4. The concentrated filtrates of (3) local isolates were showed highly inhibitory effect than their unconcentrated filtrates against all of the tested pathogenic fungi .