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Journal articles on the topic 'Fungicide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Tarnowski, T. L. B., A. T. Savelle, and H. Scherm. "Activity of Fungicides Against Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi in Blueberry Flowers Treated at Different Phenological Stages." Plant Disease 92, no. 6 (2008): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0961.

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The activity of fenbuconazole and azoxystrobin applied to blueberry flowers at different phenological stages against subsequent gynoecial infection by the mummy berry fungus Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi was evaluated. In the greenhouse, potted blueberry plants having flower clusters at five distinct stages (from bud scale separation to anthesis) were treated with the two fungicides. One day after anthesis (between 1 and 15 days after fungicide treatment), individual flowers were detached and inoculated with conidia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi in the laboratory. Four days after inoculation, hyphal

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2

O'Brien, RG, LL Vawdrey, and RJ Glass. "Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and its effect on field control." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 3 (1988): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880417.

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Decreased fungicidal control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht: Fr.) Poll.) in commercial cucurbit crops led to an investigation to determine whether fungicide resistant strains were present. In field trials, fungicides such as bupirimate (100 mg a.i. L-I), dimethirimol (250 mg a.i. L-1), fenarimol (36 mg a.i. L-1), penconazole (40 mg a.i. L-l) and triadimefon (125 mg a.i. L-1) were less effective (P=0.01) in controlling the disease than oxythioquinox (100 mg a.i. L-1). This disagreed with earlier trial results and suggested that fungicide resistant strains may have developed

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3

Tompros, Adrianna, Mark Q. Wilber, Andy Fenton, Edward Davis Carter, and Matthew J. Gray. "Efficacy of Plant-Derived Fungicides at Inhibiting Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Growth." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10 (2022): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8101025.

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The emerging fungal amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), is currently spreading across Europe and given its estimated invasion potential, has the capacity to decimate salamander populations worldwide. Fungicides are a promising in situ management strategy for Bsal due to their ability to treat the environment and infected individuals. However, antifungal drugs or pesticides could adversely affect the environment and non-target hosts, thus identifying safe, effective candidate fungicides for in situ treatment is needed. Here, we estimated the inhibitory fungicidal effic

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Aravind, K., M. Santha Lakshmi Prasad, B. Vidya Sagar, D. Saida Naik, and S. N. C. V. L. Pushpavalli. "Investigating the Antagonistic Effects of Novel Combination Fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini under In-vitro Conditions." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 11 (2024): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i113043.

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Aim: The study aimed to assess the efficacy of nine novel fungicide combinations against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini, the causal agent of wilt disease in castor. Methodology: The efficacy of fungicides was evaluated using the poisoned food technique under in-vitro conditions. Radial mycelial growth of the pathogen was measured across various concentrations (100 to 1000 ppm) of the fungicide combinations to determine their impact on mycelial inhibition. Results: Results indicated a substantial reduction in radial mycelial growth with increased fungicide concentration. Among the tested fung

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RANI, RITU, VINEET K. SHARMA, PARDEEP KUMAR, and C. MOHAN. "Impact of simulated rainfall on persistence of fungicides used against late blight (Phytophthora infestans) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 2 (2015): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i2.46532.

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Persistence of mancozeb 75%WP and metalaxyl 8%+mancozeb 64 %WP fungicides was studied on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves with respect to different simulated rain amounts (0, 5, 10 and 15mm) after different number of days (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) after fungicidal spray. Rainfall applied immediately after fungicidal spray removed fungicides from the leaf surface resulting in higher disease severity. As rain amount increased from 5 to 15 mm, disease was also increased in both the test fungicides. In case of metalaxyl 8%+mancozeb 64 %WP @ 0.25 per cent, disease severity was less as compared

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Ngibad, Khoirul, Afidatul Muadifah, Lailatul Jannah Triarini, Laily Rizki Amalia, and Novita Karel Damayanti. "A review of application of natural products as fungicides for chili." Environmental and Toxicology Management 1, no. 2 (2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/etm.v1i2.2022.

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Anthracnose disease in chillies is a serious problem for farmers. So far, synthetic fungicides have been used as solution for the treatment of this disease. However, the side effects of synthetic fungicides to public health and environment raised awareness on alternative fungicides derived from natural resources. This paper aims to review plants that are potential as an alternative to fungicides for chili plantation, fabrication of test solutions, in vitro and in vivo fungicide test. Many plants were investigated as alternatives to plant-based fungicide. The utilization of leaves as samples in

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7

Visvas, Anandrao Chavan, and Govindrao Borkar Suresh. "Strategies for management of fungicide resistance in tomato leaf blight pathogen Alternaria solani in 10 districts of Western Maharashtra in India." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 3 (2020): 180–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266048.

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Development of fungicide resistance in fungal plant pathogen is of great concern for the management of disease and the losses caused by it. The problem of management of fungicidal resistance is aggravated by the development of cross resistance in plant pathogen against the other fungicides applied in the control of the disease. Tomato leaf blight caused by <em>Alternaria solani</em> is an important disease in 10 districts of western Maharashtra in India. To manage this disease, the tomato growers used at least 8 different fungicides, out of which most of these are proved ineffective

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8

Bandara, Ananda Y., Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya, Shawn P. Conley, Tom W. Allen, and Paul D. Esker. "Modeling the relationship between estimated fungicide use and disease-associated yield losses of soybean in the United States II: Seed-applied fungicides vs seedling diseases." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0244424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244424.

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Use of seed-applied fungicides has become commonplace in the United States soybean production systems. Although fungicides have the potential to protect seed/seedlings from critical early stage diseases such as damping-off and root/stem rots, results from previous studies are not consistent in terms of seed-applied fungicide’s ability to mitigate yield losses. In the current study, the relationship between estimated soybean production losses due to seedling diseases and estimated seed-applied fungicide use was investigated using annual data from 28 soybean growing states in the U.S. over the p

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Jayawardana, Malini Anudya, and Wannakuwattewaduge Gerard Dilantha Fernando. "The Mechanisms of Developing Fungicide Resistance in Fusarium graminearum Causing Fusarium Head Blight and Fungicide Resistance Management." Pathogens 13, no. 11 (2024): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13111012.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the economically significant diseases in small grains. FHB causes severe damage to wheat production and grain quality. Several management strategies have been developed to control FHB, and chemical control through fungicides plays a significant role. Although fungicides have effectively controlled F. graminearum in the field, the continuous exposure causes a selection pressure in the pathogen population towards fungicide resistance. Several studies have identified fungicide-resistant F. graminearum isolates and fun

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Singh, Sarvesh. "A Novel Heterocyclic Fungicide (1, 3, 4-THIADIAZOLO [3, 2-a] PYRIMIDIN-5-ONES) Plays a Vital Role to Inhibit Fungus from Archival Cultural Heritage." Comma 2022, no. 1 (2022): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/coma.2022.19.

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This research article deals with the technical study of self-synthesized fungicides which play a vital role inhibiting fungus in archival cultural heritage materials. This article comprises experimental analytical analysis and spectral data of fungicides, evaluation of antifungal activity, percentile inhibition per fungicide, and discussion of result and conclusion. The fungicides were tested either as a solution or suspension in acetone-water (20:80 v/v) mixture. The plates were incubated at 20°C (± 1°C) for 96 hours. A commercial fungicide, Dithane M-45, was also tested under similar conditi

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Gent, David H., Mary Block, and Briana J. Claassen. "High Levels of Insensitivity to Phosphonate Fungicides in Pseudoperonospora humuli." Plant Disease 104, no. 5 (2020): 1400–1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-19-2067-re.

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Phosphonate (phosphite; HPO3−2) is fungicidal against oomycetes and certain other organisms. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee has deemed phosphonate to be at low risk of resistance development, and reduced sensitivity to phosphonate has been reported only occasionally in plant pathogens. Reduced sensitivity to the fungicide fosetyl-Al was documented in the hop downy mildew pathogen, Pseudoperonospora humuli, in the early 2000s, but disease caused by insensitive isolates could still be managed commercially if the fungicide rate was doubled from 2.24 to 4.48 kg/ha. In this research, we

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12

Gur, Lior, Keren Levy, Amotz Farber, Omer Frenkel, and Moshe Reuveni. "Delayed Development of Resistance to QoI Fungicide in Venturia inaequalis in Israeli Apple Orchards and Improved Apple Scab Management Using Fungicide Mixtures." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (2021): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020396.

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Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) fungicides group were introduced for commercial use against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in Israel in 1997. Unlike other regions in the world, in which resistance of V. inaequalis to QoI fungicides was observed within 3–5 years of use, in Israel it only occurred after 14 years of use. Field trials conducted between 2007 and 2017 showed a significant reduction in susceptibility to QoIs in northern Israel only since 2011. The delay in the development of resistance is related to limited fungicidal sprays resulting from unfavorable conditions for the pathogen.

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13

Ali, Md Emran, Owen Hudson, Will H. Hemphill, Timothy B. Brenneman, and Jonathan E. Oliver. "First Report of Resistance to Pyraclostrobin, Boscalid, and Thiophanate-methyl in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Blueberry in Georgia." Plant Health Progress 20, no. 4 (2019): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-08-19-0058-br.

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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes anthracnose fruit rot and leaf spot on blueberries. For controlling anthracnose, blueberry growers mostly rely on pre- and postharvest fungicide applications in addition to orchard sanitation. Single-site fungicides including quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), such as pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin as well as fungicides containing the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) boscalid are used frequently to control anthracnose rots and other diseases on blueberry; however, development of fungicide resistance is a real risk because a limited number of fungi

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14

Raper, Tyson B., Dan D. Fromme, Darrin M. Dodds, et al. "Evaluation of Early Season Foliar Fungicide Applications to Support Non-Fungicidal ‘Plant Health’ Benefits." Journal of Cotton Science 23, no. 1 (2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/adtj9206.

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The recent labeling of a new fungicide and rumors of non-fungicidal ‘plant health’ benefits achieved through early-season foliar applications of certain fungicides have led to inquiries concerning the practice. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of an early-season fungicide application on early-season growth or end-of-season lint yields, turnout, and/or fiber quality when disease symptoms are not present. During the 2014-2016 growing seasons, a total of ten trials were established in Alexandria, LA; Starkville, MS; Fort Cobb, OK; Jackson, TN; and Snook, TX. Fungicide tr

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15

N. Srinivasan and M. Gunasekaran. "FIELD CONTROL OF LEAF ROT DISEASE OF COCONUT WITH FUNGICIDES." CORD 12, no. 02 (1996): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v12i02.303.

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Leaf rot is a disease of fungal complex super imposed on root (wilt) affected coconut palms in India. A field fungicidal control trial on the disease involving contact (indofil M‑45, Fytolan) and systemic (Calixin) fungicides was conducted Fungicidal treatments, spraying of Indofil M‑45 and pouring of Calixin into axil of spindle, were found beneficial as the disease intensity reduced in newly emerged leaves. However, the extent of disease amelioration by fungicides was marginal to moderate level only. Importance of broad spectrum fungicide(s) and measures of disease protection are outlined.

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Wyenandt, Christian A., and Nancy L. Maxwell. "Determining “Practical” Fungicide Resistance Development and Drift in the Control of Cucurbit Powdery Mildew in Pumpkin." Plant Health Progress 11, no. 1 (2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-1122-02-rs.

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In 2006 and 2007, nine fungicides were evaluated to determine if “practical” fungicide resistance could be identified and if fungicide resistance drift occurred in cucurbit powdery mildew of pumpkin. The fungicides and/or tank mixes whose active ingredient(s) were evaluated included: sulfur (FRAC code M1), chlorothalonil (M5), myclobutanil (3), pyraclostrobin (11), azoxystrobin (11), quinoxyfen (13), chlorothalonil + myclobutanil (M5 + 3), famoxadone + cymoxanil (11 + 27), pyraclostrobin + boscalid (11 + 7), and water only (control). Based on visual ratings of upper and lower leaf surfaces, a

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van den Bosch, Frank, Neil Paveley, Femke van den Berg, Peter Hobbelen, and Richard Oliver. "Mixtures as a Fungicide Resistance Management Tactic." Phytopathology® 104, no. 12 (2014): 1264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-14-0121-rvw.

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We have reviewed the experimental and modeling evidence on the use of mixtures of fungicides of differing modes of action as a resistance management tactic. The evidence supports the following conclusions. 1. Adding a mixing partner to a fungicide that is at-risk of resistance (without lowering the dose of the at-risk fungicide) reduces the rate of selection for fungicide resistance. This holds for the use of mixing partner fungicides that have either multi-site or single-site modes of action. The resulting predicted increase in the effective life of the at-risk fungicide can be large enough t

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Reimann, Sven, and Holger B. Deising. "Inhibition of Efflux Transporter-Mediated Fungicide Resistance in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis by a Derivative of 4′-Hydroxyflavone and Enhancement of Fungicide Activity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 6 (2005): 3269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.6.3269-3275.2005.

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ABSTRACT Populations of the causal agent of wheat tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, that are collected from fields frequently treated with reduced fungicide concentrations have reduced sensitivity to strobilurin fungicides and azole fungicides (C14-demethylase inhibitors). Energy-dependent efflux transporter activity can be induced under field conditions and after in vitro application of sublethal amounts of fungicides. Efflux transporters can mediate cross-resistance to a number of fungicides that belong to different chemical classes and have different modes of action. Resistant isolate

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Mueen Uddin, Taimoor Khan, Faheem Ahmed, et al. "Optimizing Fungicide Sprays to Tackle Powdery Mildew (Uncinula necator) At The Right Time For healthy grapes production." BioSight 4, no. 4 (2023): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/bios.v4i4.154.

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Introduction: Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Uncinula necator, is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines, resulting in decreased fruit set and yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various fungicides and spray timings in managing U. necator in grape vineyards. Methods: A field trial was conducted in Pishin, Balochistan in 2020, employing a randomized complete block design with two factors: four fungicides (control, protective fungicide-Bordeaux mixture, curative fungicide-Elite 45 wp, systemic fungicide-Quintec) and four spray timings (dormant spray, bud

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Yellareddygari, S. K. R., Julie S. Pasche, Raymond J. Taylor, and Neil C. Gudmestad. "Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Foliar Fungicides Applied for Potato Early Blight Management." Plant Disease 100, no. 1 (2016): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-15-0530-re.

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Foliar fungicides continue to be the primary means of early blight management on potato in the United States. Both premium-priced, single-site mode-of-action “specialty” fungicides and standard protectant multisite fungicides are applied, either alone or incorporated into fungicide rotation programs to combat early blight. Individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted to compare overall fungicide efficacy against early blight on potato, quantify tuber yields, and identify the most efficacious timing for fungicide applications. In this study, the specialty fungicide-based applications

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Yellareddygari, S. K. R., Raymond J. Taylor, Julie S. Pasche, and Neil C. Gudmestad. "Quantifying Control Efficacy of Fungicides Commonly Applied for Potato Early Blight Management." Plant Disease 103, no. 11 (2019): 2821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0670-re.

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Early blight is an economically important foliar disease of potato in the United States. Because of the lack of resistant potato cultivars, fungicides are applied extensively to obtain adequate control. To manage early blight, standard protectant fungicides and single-site mode-of-action “specialty” fungicides are applied either alone or incorporated into a fungicide rotation program. Control efficacy at two crop growth stages (tuber initiation/early bulking and late bulking/tuber maturation) and the overall tuber yield response to standard and specialty fungicides were assessed using network

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Jarmołkowicz, Joanna K., and Jacek Olszewski. "Gas exchange parameters in leaves and ears of winter wheat Tricitum aestivum L. and its productivity under fungicide control conditions." Acta Agrobotanica 63, no. 2 (2012): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2010.041.

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A research experiment was conducted in which rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were measured in leaves and ears of two winter wheat varieties grown under fungicide control conditions and without fungicide control. A LI-COR 6400 portable gas exchange system was used in the investigations. In most cases the fungicide Juwel was shown to have no effect on the gas exchange processes, whereas the other of the fungicidal agents applied - Swing - significantly decreased the gas exchange rates measured. Measurements of gas exchange parameters in ears showed that the intensity of gas exchange wa

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LaMondia, J. A. "Management of Euonymus Anthracnose and Fungicide Resistance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by Alternating or Mixing Fungicides." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19, no. 1 (2001): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-19.1.51.

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Abstract Fungicidal management of anthracnose leaf spot of euonymus (Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald 'n Gold’ or ‘Emerald Gaiety’), caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was examined. Fungicide resistance was present in the pathogen population. Weekly applications to foliage for 12 weeks to the same plants in 1997 and 1998 of: thiophanate-methyl alone; or thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, ethylenebis-dithiocarbamate and copper applied sequentially; or mixtures of thiophanate-methyl plus chlorothalonil alternated weekly with thiophanate-methyl plus ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate were applied. Ap

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Warneke, Brent, Lindsey D. Thiessen, and Walter F. Mahaffee. "Effect of Fungicide Mobility and Application Timing on the Management of Grape Powdery Mildew." Plant Disease 104, no. 4 (2020): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-19-1285-re.

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Grape powdery mildew (GPM) fungicide programs consist of 5 to 15 applications, depending on region or market, in an attempt to achieve the high fruit quality standards demanded by the market. Understanding how fungicides redistribute and targeting redistributing fungicide to critical crop phenological stages could improve fungicide protection of grape clusters. This study evaluated fungicide redistribution in grapevines from major fungicide groups labeled for GPM control. Translaminar and xylem redistribution was examined by placing fungicide-impregnated filter disks on the adaxial or abaxial

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Rachman, Fai, Ellen Rosyelina Sasmita, and Suyadi Wongsowijoyo. "Pengaruh Pencucian Benih dengan Penambahan Fungisida terhadap Tingkat Serangan Penyakit Bulai, Pertumbuhan, dan Hasil Jagung Hibrida Varietas P27." Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi 21, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v21i1.28348.

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Corn is an important food crop in the world. Downy mildew as a corn main disease causes a decrease of crop yields. Downy mildew can be prevented by seed treatment. The study aims to determine the effect of washing and adding fungicides on seeds to downy mildew attack, growth, and hybrid corn yields. The research conducted in Wedomartani Experimental Field, Ngemplak, Sleman with experiment in June – October 2018. Field experiment with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was set up, using single factor, which is seeds of P27 variety washed and added fungicides. There are 10 treatments: contr

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Maslennikova, Sofia, Alexander Sarychev, and Oksana Reznikova. "Formation of productivity of spring barley depending on the use of fungicides in the conditions of black soils of the Volgograd region." E3S Web of Conferences 463 (2023): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346301040.

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The article discusses the results of studies on the study of zoned varieties of spring barley in the zone of black soils and their reaction to the use of fungicides when treating seeds. It was found that in years with different climatic characteristics, there are differences in varieties in the duration of phenological phases. The longest growing season was observed for the Novonikolaevsky variety, and the shortest for the Prairie variety. The best results on germination and safety of plants were obtained on the variant with the Novonikolaevsky variety, while on all varieties it was noted that

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Sonah, Humira, Rupesh K. Deshmukh, and Anil S. Kotasthane. "Fungicidal Interference during Infection Related Developmental Stages in Magnaporthe grisea." International Journal of Phytopathology 1, no. 1 (2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.001.01.0015.

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Rice blast, a serious epidemic disease that limits grain yield worldwide is caused by fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. The present investigation was carried out to identify the probable avenues of interference by different fungicides during the critical stages of infection related morphogenesis of M. grisea. Effect of six fungicides at different stages of infection related morphogenesis showed variable results like interference in conidial germination, distortion of surface structure of the spores, interference in the germ tube elongation, interference in the transfer of the cell contents f

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Berdugo, Carlos Andres, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Ulrike Steiner, Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne, and Erich-Christian Oerke. "Sensors and imaging techniques for the assessment of the delay of wheat senescence induced by fungicides." Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 7 (2013): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12351.

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Near-range and remote sensing techniques are excellent alternatives to destructive methods for measuring beneficial effects of fungicides on plant physiology. Different noninvasive sensors and imaging techniques have been used and compared to measure the effects of three fungicidal compounds (bixafen, fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) physiology under disease-free conditions in the greenhouse. Depending on the fungicidal treatment, changes in green leaf area and yield parameters were observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves was useful for measuring differen

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Kanetis, Loukas, Helga Förster, and James E. Adaskaveg. "Comparative Efficacy of the New Postharvest Fungicides Azoxystrobin, Fludioxonil, and Pyrimethanil for Managing Citrus Green Mold." Plant Disease 91, no. 11 (2007): 1502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-11-1502.

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Three new fungicides (i.e., azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil) are currently being introduced for postharvest management of citrus green mold in the United States. The effectiveness of each fungicide was evaluated when applied alone (at 1,000 to 1,200 mg/liter) or in mixtures (at 500 mg/liter each component) to lemon fruit that were wound-inoculated with imazalil/thiabendazole (TBZ)-sensitive or -resistant isolates of Penicillium digitatum. In laboratory studies when aqueous fungicide solutions were applied 9 to 21 h after inoculation, pyrimethanil showed the highest level of green m

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Nuwamanya, Andrew M., Steven Runo, and Maina Mwangi. "Farmers’ perceptions on tomato early blight, fungicide use factors and awareness of fungicide resistance: Insights from a field survey in Kenya." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (2023): e0269035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269035.

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Early blight (EB) caused by Alternaria solani is one of the most devastating tomato diseases in Kenya and is most often managed by application of synthetic fungicides. However, there have been reports from farmers about the declining efficacy of some fungicides. These reports suggest that A. solani populations in Kenya could be developing resistance to some of the commonly used fungicides. In this study, we surveyed 175 tomato fields, sampled in 3 major tomato producing counties in Kenya, to determine the status of EB, management practices, and fungicide use factors that could contribute to de

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Błaszkowski, Janusz. "Bffects of foliar fungicides on the mycoflora of glumes of Triticum aestivum." Acta Mycologica 30, no. 1 (2014): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1995.004.

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In the years 1983-1984. the effect of three foliar fungicides, i.e.. Bayleton 25 WP. Dithane M-45 and Funaben K on the mycoflora associated with glumus of spring <i>Tritieum aestivum</i> cv. Kolibri cultivated in the field was investigated. During each vegetative period, glumes were collected in the milky ripe of seeds. Fungi species associated with glumes were determined based of colonies isolated from glumes incubated in Petri dishes with potato glucose agar. The fungicide which reduced the most the overall number of fungal isolates was Bayleton 25 WP. The number of species was m

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Van de Wouw, A. P., J. L. Scanlan, S. J. Marcroft, et al. "Fungicide sensitivity and resistance in the blackleg fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, across canola growing regions in Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 12 (2021): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp21369.

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Fungicide use has become a fundamental part of many crop protection systems around the world, including to control blackleg disease on canola (Brassica napus L.). In Australia, most canola growers routinely apply at least one fungicide, and potentially multiple fungicides with different modes of action, in a single growing season. There is evidence for the emergence of fungicide resistance in Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg disease, to the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) class of fungicides in Australia. However, it is not known whether resistance exists towards other chemic

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Huang, Xiaoqing, Xina Wang, Fanfang Kong, Theo van der Lee, Zhongyue Wang, and Hao Zhang. "Detection and Characterization of Carboxylic Acid Amide-Resistant Plasmopara viticola in China Using a TaqMan-MGB Real-Time PCR." Plant Disease 104, no. 9 (2020): 2338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-20-0291-re.

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Grape production is increasing globally and so are problems with downy mildew, one of the main constraints in grape production. Downy mildew on grape is caused by Plasmopara viticola, an obligate biotrophic pathogen belonging to the oomycetes. Control of the disease is usually performed by fungicide applications, of which carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides represent one of the most widely used groups of fungicides. Our previous research showed that the extensive application of CAA fungicides can result in fungicide resistance and in China, CAA-resistant isolates of P. viticola were collect

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Cosseboom, Scott D., Kelly L. Ivors, Guido Schnabel, Patricia K. Bryson, and Gerald J. Holmes. "Within-Season Shift in Fungicide Resistance Profiles of Botrytis cinerea in California Strawberry Fields." Plant Disease 103, no. 1 (2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-18-0406-re.

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Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to seven fungicide chemical classes was determined for 888 isolates collected in 2016 from 47 California strawberry fields. Isolates were collected early season (minimum fungicide exposure) and late season (maximum fungicide exposure) from the same planting block in each field. Resistance was determined using a mycelial growth assay, and variable frequencies of resistance were observed to each fungicide at both sampling times (early season %, late season %): boscalid (12, 35), cyprodinil (12, 46), fenhexamid (53, 91), fludioxonil (1, 4), fluopyram (2, 7), iprodi

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Wyenandt, Christian A., Nancy Maxwell, and Daniel L. Ward. "Fungicide Programs Affect ‘Practical’ Resistance Development in Cucurbit Powdery Mildew of Pumpkin." HortScience 43, no. 6 (2008): 1838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1838.

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The effects of two pumpkin cultivars and five fungicide programs on cucurbit powdery mildew development and yield were evaluated in southern New Jersey from 2005 to 2007. Each year, five separate fungicide programs were applied to powdery mildew-tolerant cv. Magic Lantern or powdery mildew-susceptible cv. Howden pumpkin. The five fungicide programs applied season-long (10 applications per program) included: 1) protectant fungicides only: manzate + sulfur [Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) codes M3 + M2] alternated weekly with maneb + copper hydroxide (FRAC codes M3 + M1); 2) standar

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36

Twizeyimana, M., and G. L. Hartman. "Sensitivity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Isolates to Fungicides and Reduction of Fungal Infection Based on Fungicide and Timing of Application." Plant Disease 101, no. 1 (2017): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-16-0552-re.

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Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a damaging foliar fungal disease in many soybean-growing areas of the world. Strategies to manage SBR include the use of foliar fungicides. Fungicide types, the rate of product application, and the number and timing of applications are critical components for successful rust management. The objectives of this study were to determine i) the sensitivity of P. pachyrhizi isolates collected in the U.S. to a range of fungicides and ii) the reduction of fungal infection based on fungicide type and timing of applications on soybean. There were d

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Manning, Paul, Krilen Ramanaidu, and G. Christopher Cutler. "Honey bee survival is affected by interactions between field-relevant rates of fungicides and insecticides used in apple and blueberry production." FACETS 2, no. 2 (2017): 910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0025.

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Certain compounds of low toxicity can increase the susceptibility of an organism to toxic substances; this is known as potentiation. Demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicides can potentiate insecticides by impairing the production of detoxification enzymes. As both DMI fungicides and insecticides can be used near or during crop bloom, the combination may be hazardous if exposed to pollinators. Using pesticides used in blueberry or apple production, we conducted laboratory bioassays to test how combinations of field-relevant concentrations of DMI fungicides and insecticides affected honey bee (

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Hobbelen, P. H. F., N. D. Paveley, and F. van den Bosch. "Delaying Selection for Fungicide Insensitivity by Mixing Fungicides at a Low and High Risk of Resistance Development: A Modeling Analysis." Phytopathology® 101, no. 10 (2011): 1224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-10-0290.

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This study used mathematical modeling to predict whether mixtures of a high-resistance-risk and a low-risk fungicide delay selection for resistance against the high-risk fungicide. We used the winter wheat and Mycosphaerella graminicola host–pathogen system as an example, with a quinone outside inhibitor fungicide as the high-risk and chlorothalonil as the low-risk fungicide. The usefulness of the mixing strategy was measured as the “effective life”: the number of seasons that the disease-induced reduction of the integral of canopy green area index during the yield forming period could be kept

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Peever, Tobin L., and Michael G. Milgroom. "Fungicide Resistance—Lessons for Herbicide Resistance Management?" Weed Technology 9, no. 4 (1995): 840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00024313.

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Resistance to agricultural fungicides has increaséd dramatically in the past twenty years, following the introduction of systemic fungicides. Disease control failures associated with fungicide resistance have occurred with many classes of fungicides and in many genera of plant-pathogenic fungi. In some cases, resistance evolved extremely rapidly making the chemicals ineffective for disease control only a few years after they were introduced.The rapid development of resistance to systemic fungicides has led to efforts to develop strategies to avoid or delay the evolution of fungicide resistance

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Chechi, Amanda, Walter Boller, Carlos Alberto Forcelini, Rafael Roehrig, and Elias Zuchelli. "Leaf area, spray volumes and applicable quantities of fungicide during the protection period for control of Asian soybean rust." Summa Phytopathologica 44, no. 4 (2018): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/174517.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to check the influence of leaf area index, spray volumes and applicable quantities of fungicide during the protection period, and for control of Asian soybean rust. All tests were conducted in the field and in the laboratory between 2014 and 2016. The quantity of fungicide and the spray volume were varied in the application of fungicides on soybean plants with different leaf area index. Rainfall simulation tests were also carried out at different times after application of fungicide. The spray volume and application rate of fungicide should be adequately

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Chapman, Kimberly S., George W. Sundin, and Janna L. Beckerman. "Identification of Resistance to Multiple Fungicides in Field Populations of Venturia inaequalis." Plant Disease 95, no. 8 (2011): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-10-0899.

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Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab, is controlled primarily by fungicides. Long-term, extensive fungicide use has led to the development of resistance to multiple fungicides. To assess fungicide resistance, isolates of V. inaequalis were collected from Indiana and Michigan orchards. Single-spore derived isolates were evaluated by mycelium growth assays with previously determined discriminatory doses on media containing dodine, kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, or thiophanate-methyl. Of 195 isolates tested, 5.2, 0.7, 57.0, and 92.6% of isolates were found to be resistant to dodine

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Yan, Xiaojing, Shuning Chen, Wei Sun, et al. "Primary Mode of Action of the Novel Sulfonamide Fungicide against Botrytis cinerea and Field Control Effect on Tomato Gray Mold." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031526.

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Botrytis cinerea is considered an important plant pathogen and is responsible for significant crop yield losses. With the frequent application of commercial fungicides, B. cinerea has developed resistance to many frequently used fungicides. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new kinds of fungicides with high activity and new modes of action to solve the increasingly serious problem of resistance. During our screening of fungicide candidates, one novel sulfonamide compound, N-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-chlorphenyl)-2-oxocyclohexyl sulfonamide (L13), has been found to exhibit good fungicidal activi

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Palladino Almada, María Cintia. "Ramularia leaf spot management alternatives in barley optimizing the use of fungicides for its control: Doctoral thesis abstract." Agrociencia Uruguay 28, Suppl theses (2024): e1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.28.1475.

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Ramularia collo-cygni (Rcc) is the causal agent of Ramularia leaf spot (RLS). The main management tool is the use of foliar fungicides, the impact of which on cereal safety is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to optimise the management of ramulariosis in barley and to minimise fungicide residues in grain. The specific objectives were: (i) to validate a method for the detection and quantification of Rcc in seeds and seedlings by real-time PCR (qPCR), (ii) to determine the importance of seeds as a source of in-crop Rcc inoculum in production systems in Uruguay, (iii) to develop a m

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Singh, Aparna, Satyveer Singh Meena, and Vikash k. "Purchasing Behaviour of Farmers for Bio-fungicide in Meerut District of Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Extension Education 59, no. 3 (2023): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59329.

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In this study, an attempt was made to examine the variables affecting farmers’ satisfaction with bio fungicide use, the variables affecting their buying behaviour for the product and constraints faced by the farmers in usage of bio-fungicides. A total of 100 farmers were selected on the basis of snowball sampling. RBQ mean was calculated to find out the most influencing factors for purchasing of bio fungicide by the farmers. Garrett’s standard procedure was adopted to determine the significance of a number of different factors as expressed by respondents in the use of bio-fungicides. It was fo

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Kundargi, Chandana Y., I. Johnson, M. Karthikeyan, R. Anandham, and M. Jayakanthan. "Assessing the Baseline Sensitivity of Predominant Soil-Borne Pathogens against Carbendazim." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 20 (2023): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i203813.

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Fungicide resistance is reducing the effectiveness of fungicides in controlling plant diseases, leading to increase crop losses and the need for alternative control strategies. Addressing this issue requires careful fungicide use and the development of new management approaches. The main objective of present study was to determine the baseline sensitivity and development of fungicide resistance in predominant soil-borne pathogens against carbendazim at various concentrations. It was observed that the EC50 of Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina was 9.970 and 16.294 µg ml-1, respectiv

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46

Thomas, A., D. B. Langston, and K. L. Stevenson. "Baseline Sensitivity and Cross-Resistance to Succinate-Dehydrogenase-Inhibiting and Demethylation-Inhibiting Fungicides in Didymella bryoniae." Plant Disease 96, no. 7 (2012): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-11-0744-re.

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Didymella bryoniae, which causes gummy stem blight (GSB) of watermelon, has a history of developing resistance to fungicides, most recently the succinate-dehydrogenase-inhibiting (SDHI) fungicide boscalid. To facilitate fungicide resistance monitoring, baseline sensitivity distributions were established for demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides tebuconazole and difenoconazole and the SDHI fungicide penthiopyrad, and reestablished for the SDHI fungicide boscalid. In all, 71 isolates with no known prior exposure to SDHIs or DMIs were used to determine the effective concentration at which myc

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Kleber, Alexandra, Christiane Gruber-Dorninger, Alexander Platzer, Clarisse Payet, and Barbara Novak. "Effect of Fungicide Treatment on Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence in French Wheat during a 4-Year Period." Toxins 15, no. 7 (2023): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070443.

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Wheat represents one of the most widely consumed cereals worldwide. Cultivated in winter and spring, it is vulnerable to an array of different pathogens, including fungi, which are managed largely through the in-field application of fungicides. During this study, a 4-year field investigation (2018–2021) was performed in France, aiming to assess the efficacy of fungicide treatment to reduce mycotoxin contamination in common and durum wheat. Several different commercially available fungicides were applied via sprayers. Concentrations of mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in wheat were determined

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Wyenandt, Christian A., Wesley L. Kline, and Daniel L. Ward. "Effect of Fungicide Program on the Development of Downy Mildew in Three Cucurbit Crops in New Jersey." Plant Health Progress 18, no. 3 (2017): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-04-17-0026-phm.

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From 2014 to 2016, five fungicide programs of varying fungicide efficacy were evaluated for the control of cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) on three different cucurbit crops at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center (RAREC) in Bridgeton, NJ. The five fungicide programs were: (i) no fungicide input; (ii) low-input (chlorothalonil only); (iii) medium-input (protectant + 2 downy mildew-specific fungicides [Tanos, Curzate]); (iv) high-input (protectant + 2 downy mildew-specific fungicides [Ranman, Presidio]); or (v) high-input (protectant + 3 downy mildew-specific

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Fraaije, Bart A., Sarah L. Atkins, Ricardo F. Santos, Steven J. Hanley, Jonathan S. West, and John A. Lucas. "Epidemiological Studies of Pan-Azole Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Populations Sampled during Tulip Cultivation Show Clonal Expansion with Acquisition of Multi-Fungicide Resistance as Potential Driver." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (2021): 2379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112379.

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Pan-azole resistant isolates are found in clinical and environmental Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) populations. Azole resistance can evolve in both settings, with Af directly targeted by antifungals in patients and, in the environment, Af unintendedly exposed to fungicides used for material preservation and plant disease control. Resistance to non-azole fungicides, including methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBCs), quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), has recently been reported. These fungicide groups are not used in medicine but can play an important r

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Tjosvold, S. A., S. T. Koike, and D. L. Chambers. "Evaluation of Fungicides for the Control of Phytophthora ramorum Infecting Rhododendron, Camellia, Pieris, and Viburnum." Plant Health Progress 9, no. 1 (2008): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2008-0208-01-rs.

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Fungicides were evaluated for pre- and post-infection control of ramorum blight, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, on Rhododendron cvs. Cunningham's White and Irish Lace, Camellia japonica, Pieris japonica, and Viburnum tinus. Cyazofamid, dimethomorph, mefenoxam, pyraclostrobin, and fenamidone applied as foliar sprays consistently provided preventative control as indicated by reduced lesion size compared to water controls. These fungicides provided preventative activity for at least 28 days in the tested species except in Rhododendron where fungicides were active for at least 14 days following a

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