Journal articles: 'Fused-cast refractory'

1

Wang, T.-j. "Modelling of fused cast alumina refractory." British Ceramic Transactions 98, no. 2 (February 1999): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096797899680255.

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Sokolov, V. A., M. D. Gasparyan, and V. V. Kiryukhin. "Production Technology Features of Fused-Cast Baddeleyite-Corundum Refractory." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 60, no. 6 (March 2020): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-020-00403-5.

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Sokolov, V. A., M. D. Gasparyan, M. B. Remizov, and P. V. Kozlov. "Selection of refractory materials for vitrification electric furnaces of radioactive waste." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 11 (December 29, 2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-11-53-56.

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It was shown that fused-cast chrome-containing refractories are the most promising as the lining material of designed glass-making electric furnaces and smallsized melters of the next generation. To provide a long (up to 10 years) life of the furnace, its elements that are subject to intensive wear must be made of refractories of HPL-85 type with a high chromium content. The bakor furnace masonry of other elements can be replaced with fused-cast refractory material type HAC-26M with a low content of chromium oxide.Ill.2. Ref. 11. Tab. 5.

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Galoisy, Laurence, Georges Calas, and Michel Maquet. "Alumina fused cast refractory aging monitored by nickel crystal chemistry." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 11 (November 1991): 2434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2434.

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Aged bricks of AZS and mixed α-β-alumina refractories have been sampled in superstructures of glass making furnaces. α- and β-alumina phases contained in these refractories have been investigated by optical absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electron probe microanalysis. On the side of the brick exposed to the tank atmosphere, β-alumina is the only phase present. The primary corundum grains are transformed into secondary β-alumina under the influence of contaminants from raw materials and oil ashes. The temperature conditions existing in the furnace preclude the formation of β” alumina. The bright blue color of β-alumina originates from the presence of tetrahedral Ni2+ in Al(2) sites, with no evidence for nickel atoms located in the ionic conduction band. By considering the chemical composition of β-alumina, spectroscopic results are consistent with a mutual interaction between divalent and monovalent species during cation diffusion. Indeed, the small divalent cations such as Ni are located in the spinel block and the larger alkali cations play a charge compensation role in the conduction band. As other divalent cations of small ionic radius, nickel hence helps to stabilize β-alumina, which maintains the refractory performance during furnace operation. The spectroscopic evidence of trace amounts of nickel (<100 ppm) in secondary corundum crystals means that this phase formed at the expense of β-alumina inside the high-alumina refractory brick. By considering the diffusion coefficients of Ni2+ in α- and β-alumina, this indicates a fast contamination of the material at an early stage of the furnace history. The formation of a permanent deep layer of primary and secondary corundum has protected the inner part of the refractory brick from further contamination.

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Yeugo Fogaing, Edwige, Marc Huger, and Christian Gault. "Elastic properties and microstructure: study of two fused cast refractory materials." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27, no. 2-3 (January 2007): 1843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.04.149.

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Madi, Kamel, Sylvain Gailliègue, Michel Boussuge, Samuel Forest, Michel Gaubil, Elodie Boller, and Jean-Yves Buffière. "Multiscale creep characterization and modeling of a zirconia-rich fused-cast refractory." Philosophical Magazine 93, no. 20 (July 2013): 2701–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2013.785655.

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Yang, Dao Yuan, Min Xiao Ma, Ruo Yang Liu, Yue Chu, Yi Ming Yin, Luo Yuan Li, and Guan Hui Wan. "Riser Design of Cast System of Fused Zirconia-Alumina-Silica." Key Engineering Materials 633 (November 2014): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.498.

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Fused cast Zirconia-Alumina-Silica material (AZS) is the key refractory to glass furnace. In order to reduce production cost and optimize production process, the influences of riser position and riser size on temperature gradient, solidification time, residual melt modulus, solidification fraction, and cooling rate of cast system were studied by the finite element simulation method according to the brick size of 600 mm × 400 mm × 300 mm. It turned out that it would be more efficient in feeding when riser located at the center of maximum surface of a brick or when the height of riser is 250 mm-270 mm, while the volume ratio of brick to riser is 2.95-2.74, on condition that the size of riser upper surface is 450 mm × 450 mm and the bottom 150 mm×150 mm.

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Wang, Run Feng, Ao Huang, Yan Zhu Huo, Li Jun Mei, Hong Jin Rao, and Bei Shi. "Physical Modeling and Simulation of the Cooling-Down of Fused-Cast Refractories." Materials Science Forum 996 (June 2020): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.996.142.

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The accurate description of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient is of great significance for the accurate measurement of the temperature field in the process of casting cooling. In this paper, the solidification process of metallic tin in refractory mould was studied by physical simulation experiment, and the on-site temperature measurement of the mold structure was carried out. According to the temperature record, the numerical simulation method is used to realize the fitting of the calculated temperature and the measured temperature. The reversible method was used to calculate the interfacial heat transfer coefficient between the casting and the mould, and then the evolution of the internal temperature field of the casting during the cooling process was determined. The results show that the melt has a large shrinkage during the cooling process, and the interface heat transfer coefficient can reach 300 W·m-2·K-1, which provides a mathematical model for the annealing process of fused-cast refractories.

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Yuan, Fei, Dao Yuan Yang, Ting Wang, and Zhan Li. "Effects of Graphite Mold on Cooling Process of Fused AZS 33# Refractory." Key Engineering Materials 544 (March 2013): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.110.

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This study analyzed effects of different thickness(TH) and thermal conductivity of graphite mold on temperature, liquid phase percentage and conductive heat flux, the cooling process of fused cast AZS 33# refractory could be simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results show that: when the graphite mold thickness increased, surface center temperature and liquid phase area of casting decreased gradually, but conductive heat flux increased gradually, the cooling rate of casting increased, which were helpful to form fine crystals near the casting surface. When using conventional graphite mold, the optimum thickness was less than 40mm, while using the high thermal conductivity graphite mold, the optimum thickness was 50mm. So the rapid and homogeneous cooling process of casting could reduce the possibility of material crack and obtain fine crystals structure of material; comparing with conventional graphite mold, high thermal conductivity graphite mold was more beneficial to achieve uniform and fast cooling process to improve the performance and passing rate of products.

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Wisniewski, Wolfgang, Christian Thieme, and Christian Rüssel. "The detailed microstructure of an alumina-zirconia-silica (AZS) fused cast refractory material from the cast skin into the bulk analyzed using EBSD." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 39, no. 6 (June 2019): 2186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.01.051.

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11

Singh, Rupinder, and Manjinder Singh. "Surface roughness improvement of cast components in vacuum moulding by intermediate barrel finishing of fused deposition modelling patterns." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915595576.

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In this work, investigations have been made for surface roughness (Ra) improvement of vacuum moulding (VM) components by introducing barrel finishing (BF) on fused deposition modelling patterns at preliminary stage (i.e. before being used as master patterns). The Ra improvement will help to avoid/reduce post machining/finishing operations for green manufacturing. The VM master patterns were prepared using P-430 grade acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material on commercial fused deposition modelling setup. Further, Ra of VM master pattern prepared was improved by using BF process (as intermediate process). The controllable parameters of BF and VM process (namely, media weight, cycle time, vacuum pressure and grain size of refractory sand) were studied at three levels by using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to explore their affects on Ra of the final cast components. The results of study suggest that media weight of BF and sand grain size of VM process contribute significantly for improving Ra.

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Laquai, René, Fanny Gouraud, Bernd Randolf Müller, Marc Huger, Thierry Chotard, Guy Antou, and Giovanni Bruno. "Evolution of Thermal Microcracking in Refractory ZrO2-SiO2 after Application of External Loads at High Temperatures." Materials 12, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071017.

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Zirconia-based cast refractories are widely used for glass furnace applications. Since they have to withstand harsh chemical as well as thermo-mechanical environments, internal stresses and microcracking are often present in such materials under operating conditions (sometimes in excess of 1700 °C). We studied the evolution of thermal (CTE) and mechanical (Young’s modulus) properties as a function of temperature in a fused-cast refractory containing 94 wt.% of monoclinic ZrO2 and 6 wt.% of a silicate glassy phase. With the aid of X-ray refraction techniques (yielding the internal specific surface in materials), we also monitored the evolution of microcracking as a function of thermal cycles (crossing the martensitic phase transformation around 1000 °C) under externally applied stress. We found that external compressive stress leads to a strong decrease of the internal surface per unit volume, but a tensile load has a similar (though not so strong) effect. In agreement with existing literature on -eucryptite microcracked ceramics, we could explain these phenomena by microcrack closure in the load direction in the compression case, and by microcrack propagation (rather than microcrack nucleation) under tensile conditions.

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13

Patapy, C., A. Proust, D. Marlot, M. Huger, and T. Chotard. "Characterization by acoustic emission pattern recognition of microstructure evolution in a fused-cast refractory during high temperature cycling." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30, no. 15 (November 2010): 3093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.07.021.

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14

Hidayatin, Insani, Sri Redjeki Indiani, and Rr Dwiyanti Feriana Ratwita. "COPING MANUFACTURED TECHNIQUE OF SPINELL SLIP CAST ALL CERAMIC BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS AND CAD/CAM." Journal of Vocational Health Studies 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jvhs.v3.i1.2019.32-36.

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Background: Ceramic restorations is divided into two kindsnamelyPorcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) and all-ceramic restorations. In ceram spinell is one of the materials needed for manufacturing anterior coping of all ceramic which has better aesthetic than in other in ceram. Methods which have been done are Conventional Slip Cast by application of spinell paste on refractory die manually and CAD/CAM computer-based technique. The difference of mentioned previously methods is few step-in slips cast methods can be performed only by one step CAD/CAM methods. Objective: To discover the differences between Conventional Slip Cast methods and CAD/ CAM methods. Review: Application of CAD/CAM methods has few advantages compared to conventional methods. Since few step-in conventional methods can be performed only one step in CAD/CAM methods. Conclusion: In order to shorten the time in manufacturing spinell all-ceramic, the dental technician may use CAD/CAM methods. Few advantages of CAD/CAM methods compare to slip cast methods are not necessary to do die to block out, die duplication, wetting agent spraying, vitasonic and ultrasonic usage, giving border by ink pen for determining application border, preparing spinell paste for coping application. Those steps all can be performed only by scanning, design, and milling by CAD/CAM methods. Besides that, coping result produced by CAD/ CAM methods has good accuracy due to spinell block utilization which has better homogenous composition.

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15

Koshelnik, O., and S. Hoisan. "ADVANCED TYPES OF CHECKERWORK OF REGENERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR GLASS FURNACES." Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.01.

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One of the ways to increase glass furnaces energy efficiency is to apply heat exchangers for flue gases thermal potential utilization. Flue gases losses is up to 25-40 % of the total amount of heat supplied in the furnace. These losses are influences by such factors as fuel type, furnace and burners design and manufactured product type. Regenerative heat exchangers with various types of heat storage packing is more efficient for high-power furnaces. Such types of regenerator checkerwork as Cowper checkerwork, two types of Siemens checkerwork, Lichte checkerwork and combined checkerwork have already been sufficiently researched, successfully applied and widely used for glass furnaces of various designs. All of its are made of standard refractory bricks. Basket checkerwork and cruciform checkerwork that are made of fused-cast molded refractory materials have been widely used recently as well. Further improvement of regenerative heat exchangers thermal efficiency only by replacing the checkerwork does not seem possible unless their size being increased. But this enlarging is not always realizable during the modernization of existing furnaces. From this point of view heat storage elements with a phase transition, where metal salts and their mixtures are used as a fusible agent look promising for glass furnaces. These elements can accumulate additional amount of heat due to phase transition, which allows to increase significantly heat exchanger thermal rating without its size and operating conditions changing. However, it is necessary to carry out additional studies of this type of checkerwork dealing with analysis of complex unsteady heat exchange processes in regenerators and selection of appropriate materials that satisfy the operating conditions of regenerative heat exchangers so that the checkerwork can be widely used for glass furnaces.

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Sahoo, D. K., M. S. V. R. Kishor, D. P. Sahoo, S. Sarkar, and A. Behera. "Nanoscale Analysis on Spark Plasma Sintered Fly-Ash Bricks and their Comparative Study with SiN-Zr Refractory Bricks." Micro and Nanosystems 12, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876402912666200313124418.

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Background: Industries such as thermal power plants use coal as a source of energy and release the combustion products into the environment. The generation of these wastes is inevitable and thus needed to be reused. In India, coals with high ash content usually between 25 to 45% are used. The refractory bricks that were used earlier in steel industries were mainly based on silica, magnesia, chrome, graphite. In modern days, several other materials were introduced for the manufacturing of refractory bricks such as mullite, chrome-magnesite, zircon, fused cast, and corundum. The materials selection for refractory brick manufacturing depends on various factors such as the type of furnace and working conditions. Objectives: The current work aims to focus on the fly-ash subjected to spark plasma sintering process with a maximum temperature of 1500 °C and pressure 60 MPa for 15 minutes and to characterize to observe the properties with respect to their microstructure. Methods: Fly-ash collected from Rourkela Steel Plant was sintered using spark plasma sintering machine at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The powder placed in a die was subjected to a heating rate of 600-630 K/min, up to a maximum temperature of 1500˚C. The process took 15 minutes to complete. During the process, the pressure applied was ranging between 50 to 60 Mpa. 5-10 Volts DC supply was given to the machine with a pulse frequency of 30-40 KHz. The sintered product was then hammered out of the die and the small pieces of the sintered product were polished for better characterization. The bricks collected from Hindalco Industries were also hammered into pieces and polished for characterization and comparison. Results: The particles of fly-ash as observed in SEM analysis were spherical in shape with few irregularly shaped particles. The sintered fly-ash sample revealed grey and white coloured patches distributed around a black background. These were identified to be the intermetallic compounds that were formed due to the dissociation of compounds present in fly-ash. High- temperature microscopy analysis of the sintered sample revealed the initial deformation temperature (IDT) of the fly-ash brick and the refractory brick which were found to be 1298 °C and 1543 °C, respectively. The maximum hardness value observed for the sintered fly-ash sample was 450 Hv (4.413 GPa) which is due to the formation of nano-grains as given in the microstructure. The reason behind such poor hardness value might be the absence of any binder. For the refractory brick, the maximum hardness observed was 3400 Hv (33.34 GPa). Wear depth for the sintered fly-ash was found to be 451 μm whereas for the refractory brick sample it was 18 μm. Conclusion: The fly-ash powder subjected to spark plasma sintering resulted in the breaking up of cenospheres present in the fly ash due to the formation of intermetallic compounds, such as Cristobalite, syn (SiO2), Aluminium Titanium (Al2Ti), Magnesium Silicon (Mg2Si), Maghemite (Fe2O3), Chromium Titanium (Cr2Ti) and Magnesium Titanium (Mg2Ti), which were responsible for the hardness achieved in the sample. A large difference in the maximum hardness values of sintered fly-ash and refractory brick was observed due to the hard nitride phases present in the refractory brick.

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Xing, Shi-Ben, Yijing Lin, Robert K. Mohr, and Ian L. Pegg. "Corrosion Resistance of Ceramic Refractories to Simulated Waste Glasses at High Temperatures." MRS Proceedings 412 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-412-181.

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AbstractIn many vitrification processes, refractory materials are used to contain the waste glass melt. The corrosive nature of the high-temperature melt consumes the waste feed materials but also limits refractory life. As vitrification is applied to more diverse waste streams, and particularly in higher-temperature applications, increasingly severe demands are placed on the refractory materials. A variety of potential refractory materials including Fused-cast AZS, Monofrax K3, Monofrax E, and the Corhart refractories ER1195, ER2161, C1215, C1215Z, Rechrome, and TI 186, were subjected to corrosion testing at 1450°C using the ASTM C-621 procedure. A series of simulated waste glasses was used which included F, Cl, S, Cu, Zn, Pb; these minor components were found to cause significant, and in some cases drastic, increases in corrosion rates. The corrosion tests were conducted over a range of time intervals extending to 144 hrs in order to investigate the kinetics of the corrosion processes. The change of the concentrations of constituents in the glass was monitored by compositional analysis of glass samples and correlated to the observed extent of corrosion; typically, components of the material under test increase with time while key minor components, such as Cu and Pb, decrease. The rate of corrosion of high-zirconia refractories was slowed considerably by adding zirconia to the waste glass composition; this has the added benefit of improving the aqueous leach resistance of the waste form that is produced.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fused-cast refractory'

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