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Journal articles on the topic 'Fused pyrimidines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Dawood, Dina H., Eman M. H. Abbas, Thoraya A. Farghaly, Mamdouh M. Ali, and Mohammed F. Ibrahim. "ZnO Nanoparticles Catalyst in the Synthesis of Bioactive Fused Pyrimidines as Anti-breast Cancer Agents Targeting VEGFR-2." Medicinal Chemistry 15, no. 3 (2019): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406414666180912113226.

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Background: Pyrimidines emerged as a remarkable class of heterocyclic compounds that have reinforced the pharmaceutical chemistry with various bioactive antitumor agents. Moreover, pyrimidine scaffold displayed VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. Also, nano-sized catalysts are used in organic reactions in order to speed up the catalytic process. Objective: We were interested herein to synthesize a new series of fused pyrimidines using ZnO(NPs) to investigate their antitumor efficiency against breast MCF7 cancer and their VEGFR- 2 inhibition properties. Method: A simple and efficient method for the sy

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2

Sarwade, Prakash Pralhad, K. M. Srinandhinidevi, Kiran Dangwal, et al. "Role of Pyrimidine Derivatives in the Treatment of Cancer." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 5 (2024): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.5.19.

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The study of the chemistry of pyrimidines is contributing to the expansion of research into the therapeutic applications of these compounds. In the field of medicinal chemistry, the sheer number of pyrimidine synthesis methods and reactions that are available opens up a world of possibilities. These investigations have been inspired by the fact that pyrimidines can be used as building blocks for a wide variety of compounds that have a physiological effect. The pyrimidine ring and its fused derivatives, which include pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, quinazoline, and furo[2,3-

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3

Hossain, M. I., and M. M. H. Bhuiyan. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Some New Thieno and Furopyrimidine Derivatives." Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (2009): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2299.

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Fused pyrimidines, 8,9-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine 5, 3,8,9-trimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine 6, 4-benzylidinehydrazono-5,6 dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 7, 4-[4/-hydroxybenzylidine]hydrazono-5,6-dimethylthi-eno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 8, 4-[4/-tolylidin]hydrazono-5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 9, 4-[4/-nitrobenzylidine]hydrazono-5-ethyl-6-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 10 and 4-[4/-chlorobenzylidine]hydrazono-5-ethyl-6-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 11 are prepared in good yield by an initial treatment of 2-amino-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carbonitril

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4

Behera, Manoranjan, M. Sambaiah, Poosa Mallesham, et al. "Tandem Schiff-Base Formation/Heterocyclization: An Approach to the Synthesis of Fused Pyrazolo–Pyrimidine/Isoxazolo-Pyrimidine Hybrids." Synlett 30, no. 05 (2019): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612081.

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A new synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines and isoxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines is described. Key steps in the synthesis involve Stille coupling of 4,6-dichloro-2-phenyl-pyrimidine with tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)stannane and tandem Schiff-base formation/heterocyclization of 2,6-di-aryl-5-fluoro-4-acetylpyrimidine with hydrazines or hydroxylamine to give pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines and isoxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines, respectively. The position of the fluoro group in the pyrimidine ring is important for the success of heterocylization reaction.

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5

Sahu, Pramod K., Praveen K. Sahu, Manvendra S. Kaurav, et al. "One-pot facile and mild construction of densely functionalized pyrimidines in water via consecutive C–C and C–S bonds formation." RSC Advances 8, no. 59 (2018): 33952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra04363a.

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Fused pyrimidines composed of alternating heteroatoms and a pyrimidine moiety were synthesized efficiently using readily available starting material 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes, and urea/thiourea at room temperature.

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6

R., PRASAD REDDY, RAVINDRANATH A., SUDHAKAR B., SUNDARA RAMAIAH T., and VENKATESHWER RAO M. "Azatriterpenes. Part-VIII. Synthesis of Ring-A Fused Pyrimidines of Pentacyclic Triterpenes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 65, Oct 1988 (1988): 688–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6076530.

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Department of Chemistry, Nizam College (Osmania University), Hyderabad-500 001 <em> Manuscript received 5 April 1988, accepted 27 July 1988</em> Condensation of urea, guanidine and thiourea with 2-formyl (hydroxymethylene) derivatives of methyl oleanonate (1), 11-oxomethyl oleanonate (2) and methyl betulonate (3) furnished their respective [3,2-d]pyrimidine-2'-ones (4 -6), 2'-imino-[3,2-d]pyrimidines (7-9) and 2'-mercapto [3,2-<em>d</em>]pyrimidines (10 -12). The compounds were characterised by their elemental and spectral data.

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7

SB, Patil. "Anticancer Potential of Novel Pyrimidine Analogs: Recent Updates." Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry International Journal 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/macij-16000189.

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Pyrimidine, having two nitrogen atoms, looks like pyridine and benzene. In nature, pyrimidine is present in different forms, such as the bases of DNA and RNA. Due to its structure, various kinds of biological activity have been observed. The substituted and fused pyrimidine derivatives were chemically synthesized and showed anti-cancer potential against cancer cell lines (SW480, A549, CCRF-CEM, THP-1, HepG2, HCT-116, PC3, Huh-7, CNE-2, MGC-803, and MDA-MB-435). Based on the experimental results, the substituted pyrimidines and fused derivatives showed remarkably enhanced anticancer activity, w

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8

Latif, F. M. Abd El, A. S. Maghraby, M. A. Barsy, M. Z. A. Badr, and D. Dopp. "New Pyrazoline Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 1 (1994): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940247.

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The biological activity of azoles, pyrimidines as well as pyrazolines are of interest. Formation of pyrazolines and related compounds from hydrazine derivatives and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is very common. Pyrazoline fused with different heterocyclic nuclei at position 4 and 5 have been reported. Here we report the synthesis of some new monocyclic or fused azoles and pyrimidinones linked to C-4 or 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazoline.

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9

Vincetti, Paolo, Gabriele Costantino, Maria Grazia Martina, and Marco Radi. "Probing the Reactivity of 2,4-Dichlorofuro[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-one: A Versatile and Underexploited Scaffold to Generate Substituted or Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives." Synlett 30, no. 17 (2019): 2010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690205.

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Herein, we describe the results of our investigation on the chemical reactivity and versatility of a poorly explored scaffold: 2,4-dichlorofuro[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-one (3). Highly functionalized pyrimidines can be obtained with a divergent approach by reacting the key intermediate 3 with different amine nucleophiles under carefully controlled reaction conditions. The set-up of a microwave-assisted one-pot, two- or three-step protocol to rapidly generate 2,4,5,6-tetrasubstituted or fused pyrimidines is also reported.

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10

Dodonova, Jelena, and Sigitas Tumkevicius. "Fused Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (7-Deazapurines) by Palladium-Catalyzed Direct N–H and C–H Arylation Reactions." Synthesis 49, no. 11 (2017): 2523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588734.

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Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct C–H arylations for the synthesis of hitherto unknown fused hetero systems containing an incorporated pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold are described. Pyrimido[5′,4′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindoles were synthesized from 2,4-diarylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and o-bromobenzyl bromides by using a cascade N-benzylation/C–H arylation reaction sequence. A series of pyrimido[5′,4′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines were successfully assembled via a domino process involving the palladium-catalyzed direct double C–H arylation reactions of 2,4,7-triarylpyrrolo[2,3-d]

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11

Chaudhary, Ankita. "Multicomponent Approach for the Sustainable Syntheses of Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Scaffold." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 23 (2021): 2856–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666211117152900.

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Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine is an N-fused heterocyclic compound formed by the ortho fusion of pyridine and pyrimidine ring. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines hold a prominent position in medicinal chemistry owing to their wide spectrum of biological activities like antiviral, antihistaminic, antibacterial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsive, antipyretic, etc. The extraordinary features of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines make their synthesis a perpetual field of research. Moreover, the construction of elaborate biologically relevant moieties via a multicomponent approach has become a promising

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12

Mamaghani, Manouchehr. "Ultrasound-promoted synthesis of novel dihydropyrido[2,3-d:5,6- d`]dipyrimidine derivatives." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, no. 5 (2015): 3567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i5.4475.

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An efficient synthesis of dihydropyrido[2,3-d:5,6-d`]pyrimidine derivatives was developed via one-pot three-component reaction of 6-amino-2-(alkylthio)-pyrimidine-4(3H)one and aryl aldehydes in the mixed solvent of glacial acetic acid and DMF (1:1, v:v) under ultrasonic irradiation. In this protocol novel fused dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines were synthesized in high yields (80-97%) and lower reaction times (5-25 min).

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13

Thokchom, Herojit S., Anita D. Nongmeikapam, and Warjeet S. Laitonjam. "Synthesis of fused pyrazolo-, isoxazolo-, pyrimido-, and pyridopyrimidines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 8 (2005): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-054.

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A systematic study of the synthesis of the 5,7-diaryl-4-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-thiones (3), 2-phenyl-5,7-bis(2′-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-thiones (4b), 2(3H)-3-phenyl-5,7-diaryl-4-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-thiones (5), 5,7-diaryl-4-oxo-isoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-6-thiones (7), 3,5,7-triaryl-2,3-dihydro-4-oxo-isoxazalo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-6-thiones (8), 2-amino-6,8-diaryl-5-oxo-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-thiones (9), 3,4-dihydro-2-amino-4-phenyl-6,8-diaryl-5-oxo-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-thiones (10), 3-cyano-6,8-diaryl-2,5-dioxo-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-thiones (1

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14

Delia, Thomas J., and Markus Baumann. "Fused pyrimidines.5. Methylated pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 28, no. 6 (1991): 1553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570280615.

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15

Innocenti, Paolo, Hannah Woodward, Lisa O'Fee, and Swen Hoelder. "Expanding the scope of fused pyrimidines as kinase inhibitor scaffolds: synthesis and modification of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 3 (2015): 893–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02238f.

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A versatile and efficient entry into 2-amino-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines was developed. Our strategy hinges on the concise preparation and derivatisation of 8-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine intermediates to yield putative kinase inhibitors.

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16

Mohana Roopan, Selvaraj, and Rajesh Sompalle. "Synthetic chemistry of pyrimidines and fused pyrimidines: A review." Synthetic Communications 46, no. 8 (2016): 645–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2016.1165254.

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17

Mamaghani, M., K. Tabatabaeian, R. Araghi, A. Fallah, and R. Hossein Nia. "An Efficient, Clean, and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Fused Pyrimidines Using Sonochemistry." Organic Chemistry International 2014 (November 16, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/406869.

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In this report, synthesis of indenopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine and pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives was investigated via one-pot three-component reaction between 6-amino-2-(alkylthio)-pyrimidin-4(3H)one, 1,3-indanedione, or 1,3-cyclohexadione and arylaldehyde under ultrasonic irradiation in ethylene glycol as solvent at 65°C. In these reactions fused pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized with high to excellent yields (82–97%) and short reaction times (10–33 min).

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18

Kaliraj, S., and Muthu K. Kathiravan. "Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole Fused Condensed Thienopyrimdines Derivatives." Current Bioactive Compounds 16, no. 2 (2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666180808124802.

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Background: Cancer is a major health problem acting as a global killer and one of the leading causes of death. Most cancer chemotherapeutic drugs currently in clinical use are to kill malignant tumour cells by inhibiting some of the mechanisms implied in cellular division. Thienopyrimidines occupy a special position among the fused pyrimidines, along with other pyrimidines containing an annelated five membered hetero aromatic ring; forms a significant class of drugs which exhibit an array of various biological activities. One of the important current anticancer agent gefitinib acts as tyrosine

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19

Youssif, Shaker, and Fatmah Agili. "One-pot Synthesis of Fused 2-Thiouracils: Pyrimidopyrimidines, Pyridopyrimidines and Imidazolopyrimidines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 7 (2008): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0709.

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Several 6-substitued-1-methyl-2,5,7,8-tetrahydro-2-thiopyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-4-ones and ethyl 7-amino-5-aryl-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-thiopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines-6-carboxylates were synthesized by treatment of 6-amino-1-methyl-2-thiouracil with primary amines and formalin (40%), and with ethyl 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylate respectively. 8-Substituted-7-hydroxy-3- methyl-2-thioxanthines were synthesized by the treatment of 6-amino-1-methyl-5-nitroso-2-thiouracil with benzylidene-anilines. Elemental and spectral analyses were performed for the new compounds.

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20

Cruz, Silvia, and Jaime Portilla. "Pyrazolopyridines and Pyrazolopyrimidines as Functional Dipolar Scaffolds: An Approach Regarding Synthesis and Photophysics." Chemistry 7, no. 4 (2025): 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7040106.

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Pyrazolopyridines and pyrazolopyrimidines are 5:6 aza-fused N-heteroaromatic compounds (NHACs) comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a pyridine or pyrimidine ring. They exhibit dipolar behavior due to their π-excessive and π-deficient characteristics conferred by their five- and six-membered rings. These features favor their stability, reactivity, and structural diversity, offering numerous modular and functional derivatives (e.g., pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyridines, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, etc.). They have been utilized to obtain relevant chemicals in pharmaceuticals, photophysics, industry, and mate

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21

Volochnyuk, Dmitriy, Svetlana Kovaleva, Alexandr Chernega, et al. "Novel Approaches to Fused Phospha-Pyrimidines." Synthesis 2006, no. 10 (2006): 1613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-926460.

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22

Puvithra, J., and D. Parthiban. "Tannic Acid Catalyzed Green Synthesis of Functionalized Chromeno-Pyrimidine-2,5-dione/thione Derivatives." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 8 (2020): 2067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22771.

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Diversely functionalized chromeno-pyrimidine-2,5-dione/thione compounds were synthesized by cyclocondensation of 4-hydroxy coumarin, aldehydes and urea/thiourea using tannic acid as a green catalyst and 1:1 (EtOH:H2O) as a green solvent. Different acids were screened for their catalytic activity of chromeno-pyrimidine-2,5-dione/thione derivatives. Tannic acid (10 mol%) was used as a suitable catalyst with increased catalytic activity. By utilizing this protocol, chromeno-pyrimidine scaffolds were prepared in acceptable to excellent yield without the use of conventional volatile organic solvent

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23

Monier, Mohamed, Doaa Abdel-Latif, Ahmed El-Mekabaty, Başak D. Mert, and Khaled M. Elattar. "Advances in the Chemistry of 6-6 Bicyclic Systems: Chemistry of Pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidines." Current Organic Synthesis 16, no. 6 (2019): 812–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179416666190704113647.

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The aim of this work is to discuss the chemistry of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines as one of the most important heterocyclic compounds with remarkable synthetic, biological and medical applications. In this overview, the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds incorporated the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as demonstrated by chemical reactions and different preparation processes. The anticipated compounds were synthesized from pyridine or pyrimidine compounds and a description of the reactivity of substituents attached to ring carbon and nitrogen atoms is discussed. On the other hand, the synthesis a

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24

DELIA, T. J., and M. BAUMANN. "ChemInform Abstract: Fused Pyrimidines. Part 5. Methylated Pyrimido(4,5-d)pyrimidines." ChemInform 23, no. 14 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199214232.

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25

Mittapalli, Sathish Kumar, Iffath Rizwana, Ch Hari Prasad Murthy, Nimisha Jain, Sagar Pamu, and Pawan Kumar Gupta. "Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Novel Hydrazino-Fused Pyrimidines." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 39, no. 5 (2023): 1101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/390503.

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The Pyrimidine system has received great attention and a vital component of genetic material emerged has fundamental source to fight against cancer. The pyrazolo(1,5-a) pyrimidines (5a-5j) were designed based on the structural features of antitumor antimetabolites, synthesized and chemical structures were confirmed using spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass Spectral and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay against standard ascorbic acid and MTT assay against MCF-7, HepG-2, and imatinib as standard. The DPPH assay indi

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26

J. Delia, Thomas, Thomas J. Delia, Markus Baumann, and Amy Bunker. "Fused Pyrimidines. Part 5. Pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine Analogues of Folic Acid." HETEROCYCLES 35, no. 2 (1993): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-93-s(t)144.

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27

Cortés-Percino, Alejandra, José Luis Vega-Báez, Anabel Romero-López, et al. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Pyrimidine Steroids as Antiproliferative Agents." Molecules 24, no. 20 (2019): 3676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203676.

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A small and focused library of steroidal non-fused and fused pyrimidines was prepared from pregnenolone acetate and diosgenin, respectively. The key step was the cycloaddition reaction of nitrogen-containing 1,3-binucleophiles with the steroidal α,β-unsaturated ketone. Urea, thiourea and guanidine reacted in a similar manner and afforded the steroidal pyrimidines in good yields. The antiproliferative tests against human tumor cell lines gave GI50 values in the micromolar range and had no effect on healthy fibroblasts. Additional experiments indicated that the compounds did not act as P-glycopr

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Dyachenko, I. V., R. I. Vas’kevich, and M. V. Vovk. "Fused pyrimidine systems: XIII. Synthesis and some transformations of 1,3-thiazolo(thiazino)-fused pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 50, no. 2 (2014): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428014020201.

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29

Bakhite, Etify A., Mohamed S. Abbady, and Shaban M. Radwan. "Synthesis of Some New Pyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-b]quinoline Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 6 (1993): 1457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931457.

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30

Tang, Yongxing, Kejia Li, Ajay Kumar Chinnam, Richard J. Staples, and Jean'ne M. Shreeve. "Mono-N-oxidation of heterocycle-fused pyrimidines." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 6 (2021): 2143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03260c.

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31

Ram, Vishnu J. "Chemotherapeutic agents. XVI [1]. Synthesis of Pyrimidines and fused pyrimidines as leishmanicides." Journal f�r Praktische Chemie 331, no. 6 (1989): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19893310609.

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32

Mahmoud, M. R., A. A. Shalaby, T. A. Gad, and A. A. El-Khamry. "A facile synthesis and heteroannulation of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine and related heterocyclic systems." Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no. 10 (2009): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823409x12523324765777.

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7-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-oxo-2-thioxo-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine (1) was prepared and reacted with methyl iodide and ethyl chloroacetate to give the S-alkylated products 2 and 3, respectively. The reaction of 1 or 3 with hydrazine hydrate yielded the same 2-hydrazino derivative 4. Treatment of 4 with 2,4-pentanedione, 2-acetylcyclohexanone and ethyl acetoacetate afforded the corresponding pyrazolylpyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine derivatives (5–7), while phthalic anhydride gave the phthalazinyl compound 8. Ethoxymethylenemalononitrile with the hydrazine 4 formed the fused 1

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33

Al-Azmi, Amal. "Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: A Close Look into their Synthesis and Applications." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 6 (2019): 721–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190410145238.

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Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are fused N-heterocyclic systems of a pyrazole. They are considered as a key structural motif in many vital applications, such as medicinal, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and pigments. Their synthetic routes have escalated dramatically in the last decades. The current review is a recent synthetic survey of pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines and their applications until recently.

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Sahu, Pramod K. "Role of surfactant and micelle promoted mild, green, highly efficient and sustainable approach for construction of novel fused pyrimidines at room temperature in water." RSC Advances 6, no. 72 (2016): 67651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10801f.

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35

Sijia, Xue, Guo Yanling, Li Jingzhi, Ke Shaoyong, and Duan Liping. "Synthesis and biological activity of N'-(substituted pyrimidin-2-yl)- N-dichlorochrysanthemoyl thioureas and their fused heterocyclic compounds." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 82, Mar 2005 (2005): 262–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5827025.

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College of Life-and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China <em>E-mail</em> : ylguo420@ 163.com <em>Manuscript received 25 June 2004, accepted 24 November 2004</em> Five <em>N'</em> -(substituted pyrimidin-2-yi)-<em>N</em>-dichlorochrysanthemoyl thioureas (Sa-Se) were synthesized from corresponding dichlorochrysanthemic acid in three steps. And two dichlorochrysanthemoylimino-2<em>H</em>-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidines were prepared by oxidizing cyclization of 5a, 5b. The structures of these novel target compounds were c

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G. Dave, Chaitanya, and Rina D. Shah. "2-Haloalkylidenepropanedinitriles in the Synthesis of Fused Pyrimidines." HETEROCYCLES 48, no. 3 (1998): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-97-8011.

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Gulevskaya, A. V., D. V. Besedin, and A. F. Pozharskii. "Purines, pyrimidines, and fused systems based on them." Russian Chemical Bulletin 48, no. 6 (1999): 1150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02496020.

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Harutyunyan, A. A. "Condensation of pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine with aromatic aldehydes. Synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrimidines." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 52, no. 6 (2016): 916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428016060294.

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Herrera, Antonio, Roberto Martínez-Álvarez, Nazario Martín, et al. "2,4-Bis(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine o-quinodimethane: a versatile building block for functionalized fused pyrimidines." Tetrahedron 65, no. 8 (2009): 1697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.12.016.

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40

DELIA, T. J., M. BAUMANN, and A. BUNKER. "ChemInform Abstract: Fused Pyrimidines. Part 5. Pyrimido(4,5-d)pyrimidine Analogues of Folic Acid." ChemInform 24, no. 52 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199352198.

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Mohamed, Mahmoud A. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Pyridones, Fused Pyrimidines, and Fused 1,2,4-Triazines." ChemInform 41, no. 44 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201044035.

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Kumari, Santosh, S. M. Abdul Shakoor, Sadhika Khullar, Sanjay K. Mandal, and Rajeev Sakhuja. "Correction: An unprecedented tandem synthesis of fluorescent coumarin-fused pyrimidines via copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative C(sp3)–N bond coupling." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 44 (2018): 8647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob90154f.

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Correction for ‘An unprecedented tandem synthesis of fluorescent coumarin-fused pyrimidines via copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–N bond coupling’ by Santosh Kumari et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2018, 16, 3220–3228.

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Kawamura, Shinichi, Junichi Sato, Tatsuhiro Hamada, Masaharu Sakaki, and Yuzuru Sanemitsu. "Fused Heterocycles, Furo[3,2-d]pyrimidines and Dihydrocyclopenta[d]pyrimidines, as Potential New Herbicides." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 56, no. 11 (1992): 1897–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.1897.

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EL-BAHAIE, S., A. EL-DEEB, and M. C. ASSY. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some 4-Substituted Pyrimidines and Fused Pyrimidines." ChemInform 22, no. 29 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199129194.

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Ram, Vishnu Ji. "Chemotherapeutic agents. XII [1]. Synthesis of Pyrimidines and Fused Pyrimidines as leishmanicides and herbicides." Journal f�r Praktische Chemie 331, no. 6 (1989): 893–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19893310603.

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Delia, Thomas J., and Jill Niedzinski. "Part4. Fused pyrimidines. Annelation using formamide to synthesize 2,4-disubstituted-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 24, no. 5 (1987): 1421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570240539.

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47

Ram, Vishnu J. "Chemotherapeutic Agents, XVIII: Synthesis of π-Deficient Pyrimidines and Fused Pyrimidines as Leishmanicidal Agents". Archiv der Pharmazie 323, № 11 (1990): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ardp.19903231103.

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El-Mekabaty, Ahmed, Hassan A. Etman, Ahmed Mosbah, and Ahmed A. Fadda. "Reactivity of Barbituric, Thiobarbituric Acids and Their Related Analogues: Synthesis of Substituted and Heterocycles-based Pyrimidines." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 14 (2020): 1610–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200608134859.

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Barbituric, thiobarbituric acids and their related analogs are reactive synthons for the synthesis of drugs and biologically, and pharmaceutically active pyrimidines. The present review aimed to summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of different alkylsubstituted, fused cycles, spiro-, and binary heterocycles incorporated pyrimidine skeleton based on barbituric derivatives. In this sequence, the eco-friendly techniques under catalytic conditions were used for the diverse types of multicomponent reactions under different conditions for the synthesis of various types of heterocycles. Nan

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Gambouz, Khadija, Mohsine Driowya, Mohammed Loubidi, et al. "Unusual rearrangement of imidazo[1,5-a]imidazoles and imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles into imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines." RSC Advances 9, no. 50 (2019): 29051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04609g.

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M, Heravi; Majid, A. Feiz, B. Notash, and A. Bazgir. "Synthesis of oxindolyl-pyrimidines and oxindolyl-furopyrimidines from isatin-derived propargylic alcohols." Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 17, no. 7 (2020): 1743–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-020-01893-3.

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A Brønsted acid-catalyzed reaction of 6-amino uracil and isatin-derived propargylic alcohols for the synthesis of a series of oxindole-fused pyrimidine in good-to-high yields was achieved (up to 94%). Furthermore, the reaction of isatin-derived propargylic alcohols and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid or ethyl 3-aminocrotonate gave oxindoles containing furopyrimidine or pyrrole, respectively, in moderate-to-good yields under relatively mild reaction conditions. Graphic abstract: A Brønsted acid-catalyzed reaction of 6-amino uracil, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid or ethyl 3-aminocrotonate

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