Academic literature on the topic 'Fusion Oncogene Proteins'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Fusion Oncogene Proteins.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Fusion Oncogene Proteins"
1
Wajapeyee, Narendra, Shu-Zong Wang, Ryan W. Serra, Peter D. Solomon, Arvindhan Nagarajan, Xiaochun Zhu, and Michael R. Green. "Senescence induction in human fibroblasts and hematopoietic progenitors by leukemogenic fusion proteins." Blood 115, no. 24 (June 17, 2010): 5057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-09-245928.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hematologic malignancies are typically associated with leukemogenic fusion proteins, which are required to maintain the oncogenic state. Previous studies have shown that certain oncogenes that promote solid tumors, such as RAS and BRAF, can induce senescence in primary cells, which is thought to provide a barrier to tumorigenesis. In these cases, the activated oncogene elicits a DNA damage response (DDR), which is essential for the senescence program. Here we show that 3 leukemogenic fusion proteins, BCR-ABL, CBFB-MYH11, and RUNX1-ETO, can induce senescence in primary fibroblasts and hematopoietic progenitors. Unexpectedly, we find that senescence induction by BCR-ABL and CBFB-MYH11 occurs through a DDR-independent pathway, whereas RUNX1-ETO induces senescence in a DDR-dependent manner. All 3 fusion proteins activate the p38 MAPK pathway, which is required for senescence induction. Our results reveal diverse pathways for oncogene-induced senescence and further suggest that leukemias harbor genetic or epigenetic alterations that inactivate senescence induction genes.
2
Eguchi, Mariko, Minenori Eguchi-Ishimae, and Mel Greaves. "The small oligomerization domain of gephyrin converts MLL to an oncogene." Blood 103, no. 10 (May 15, 2004): 3876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-11-3817.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The MLL (mixed lineage leukemia) gene forms chimeric fusions with a diverse set of partner genes as a consequence of chromosome translocations in leukemia. In several fusion partners, a transcriptional activation domain appears to be essential for conferring leukemogenic capacity on MLL protein. Other fusion partners, however, lack such domains. Here we show that gephyrin (GPHN), a neuronal receptor assembly protein and rare fusion partner of MLL in leukemia, has the capacity as an MLL-GPHN chimera to transform hematopoietic progenitors, despite lack of transcriptional activity. A small 15–amino acid tubulin-binding domain of GPHN is necessary and sufficient for this activity in vitro and in vivo. This domain also confers oligomerization capacity on MLL protein, suggesting that such activity may contribute critically to leukemogenesis. The transduction of MLL-GPHN into hematopoietic progenitor cells caused myeloid and lymphoid lineage leukemias in mice, suggesting that MLL-GPHN can target multipotent progenitor cells. Our results, and other recent data, provide a mechanism for oncogenic conversion of MLL by fusion partners encoding cytoplasmic proteins.
3
Yokoyama, Akihiko, and Michael Cleary. "The Menin Tumor Suppressor Functions as a Molecular Adapter That Tethers LEDGF to MLL Proteins in Leukemogenesis." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1795.1795.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract MLL gene rearrangements are present in 5 to 10% of acute leukemias, which are generally associated with a poor prognosis. Chromosomal translocations at the MLL locus create MLL fusion genes that constitute 5’ portions of MLL and 3’ portions of partner genes. The resultant MLL fusion proteins transform myeloid progenitors by inappropriately activating a HOX-associated self renewal program. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MLL oncoprotein function are not fully understood. Previously we identified menin as a component of the MLL macromolecular complex. Menin is a product of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, whose loss of function causes multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Despite its tumor suppressor role in endocrine tissues, menin functions as an essential oncogenic cofactor for MLL fusion protein-dependent leukemogenesis. This notion was supported by three lines of evidence: MLL fusion proteins lacking the menin binding motif do not transform myeloid progenitors; inactivation of menin causes growth arrest and subsequent differentiation of MLL oncogene transformed cells; and menin is required for MLL oncogene dependent transcriptional activation of HOX genes. These findings raised a fundamental question: how does menin contribute to MLL-dependent transcription? Because menin lacks known functional motifs, its molecular functions could not be deduced from its structure. We hypothesized that menin may function as an adapter that tethers MLL to unknown associated factors. To identify such associated factors, we performed affinity purification of the MLL-ENL/menin complex from nuclear extracts of cells that transiently over-expressed both MLL-ENL and menin. Mass spectrometry identified LEDGF, originally identified as a transcriptional co-activator, in the purified material as a novel associated factor. LEDGF associates conjointly with the MLL/menin complex but not with MLL or menin alone, supporting the hypothesis that menin plays an adapter role to bridge MLL and LEDGF. Further analysis revealed that LEDGF is critical for MLL fusion protein-dependent leukemogenesis. Fine mapping of the domain responsible for LEDGF binding determined MLL residues 109–153 as the LEDGF binding domain (LBD). Mutations in LBD resulted in loss of oncogenic activity of MLL fusion proteins. Moreover, knock down of LEDGF in MLL-transformed cells caused growth arrest and differentiation in the same manner as menin knock down. These results demonstrate that LEDGF is also required for the initiation and maintenance of MLL fusion protein-dependent transformation. In contrast to menin, LEDGF has a distinctive functional motif (the PWWP domain), which reportedly has chromatin binding activity. To further confirm that menin is an adapter that links MLL and LEDGF, we examined the oncogenic functions of an artificial MLL fusion protein whose menin binding motif is replaced by the PWWP domain of LEDGF. This PWWP-MLL-ENL fusion protein does not associate with menin because it lacks the menin binding motif, nevertheless transforms myeloid progenitors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that the PWWP-MLL- ENL fusion protein localizes at the HOXA9 locus while menin is absent. Moreover, myeloid progenitors transformed by the PWWP-MLL-ENL fusion protein continue to proliferate after menin is genetically inactivated. Thus covalent tethering of the PWWP domain fully compensates for loss of menin’s cofactor function. Therefore, menin’s only role in MLL-associated leukemogenesis is to tether LEDGF to MLL fusion proteins. In summary, this study identifies a previously unknown essential oncogenic cofactor of MLL fusion proteins and proposes a stepwise association model in which the MLL fusion protein first associates with menin, then recruits LEDGF to its complex to become functionally active.
4
Yan, Zhengwei, Karthigayan Shanmugasundaram, Dongwen Ma, Jiayu Luo, Shiwen Luo, and Hai Rao. "The N-terminal domain of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase ABL confers protein instability and suppresses tumorigenesis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 27 (May 21, 2020): 9069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.012821.
Full textAbstract:
Chromosome translocation can lead to chimeric proteins that may become oncogenic drivers. A classic example is the fusion of the BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase and the ABL proto-oncogene nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, a result of a chromosome abnormality (Philadelphia chromosome) that causes leukemia. To unravel the mechanism underlying BCR-ABL–mediated tumorigenesis, here we compared the stability of ABL and the BCR-ABL fusion. Using protein degradation, cell proliferation, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine, and apoptosis assays, along with xenograft tumor analysis, we found that the N-terminal segment of ABL, which is lost in the BCR-ABL fusion, confers degradation capacity that is promoted by SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1. We further demonstrate that the N-terminal deletion renders ABL more stable and stimulates cell growth and tumorigenesis. The findings of our study suggest that altered protein stability may contribute to chromosome translocation-induced cancer development.
5
Grembecka, Jolanta, Shihan He, Aibin Shi, Trupta Purohit, Andrew G. Muntean, Xiaoqin Li, Thomas Hartley, Duxin Sun, Jay L. Hess, and Tomasz Cierpicki. "Targeting Menin-MLL Interaction to Inhibit MLL Fusion Oncoproteins in Leukemia." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2497.2497.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 2497 Chromosomal translocations that affect the MLL (Mixed Lineage Leukemia) proto-oncogene occur in aggressive acute leukemias, both in children and adults. Fusion of MLL to one of more than 50 partner genes results in generation of the MLL fusion oncoprotein, which upregulates expression of HOX genes required for normal hematopoiesis, and ultimately leads to the development of acute leukemia. Patients harboring translocations of MLL gene suffer from very aggressive leukemias and respond poorly to available therapies, emphasizing the urgent need for novel therapeutic treatments. All oncogenic MLL fusion proteins have a preserved N-terminal fragment of MLL that interacts with menin, a tumor suppressor protein encoded by MEN1 (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1) gene. Importantly, the menin-MLL fusion protein interaction is critical to the leukemogenic activity of MLL fusion proteins and misregulation of HOXA9 genes, and therefore it represents a valuable molecular target for therapeutic intervention. Selective targeting of the protein-protein interaction between menin and MLL fusion proteins with small molecules could block the oncogenic activity of MLL fusion proteins and inhibit development of acute leukemia. To identify small molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction we have performed a High Throughput Screen of 350,000 compounds using a collection of biochemical assays and biophysical methods. This resulted in several classes of compounds that specifically bind to menin and inhibit the menin-MLL interaction both in vitro and in human cells. We then applied medicinal chemistry approaches to develop analogues of selected lead candidates, resulting in very potent compounds that inhibit the menin-MLL interaction with nanomolar affinities. To evaluate potency, specificity and mechanism of action of these compounds we used a broad collection of cellular assays. These compounds selectively inhibit proliferation of the MLL leukemia cells, strongly induce apoptosis and differentiation of these cells. Importantly, these compounds substantially downregulate expression of HOXA9 and MEIS1 genes that are downstream targets of MLL fusion proteins required for their leukemogenicity, and they also deplete the menin-MLL fusion protein complex from the target genes. Furthermore, the compounds that we developed specifically inhibit the MLL fusion protein mediated oncogenic transformation. All these effects closely recapitulate the effects observed upon acute loss of menin or disruption of the menin-MLL fusion protein interaction using genetic manipulations, demonstrating highly specific mode of action for these compounds. Our current efforts are focused to assess the effect of these compounds in in vivo models of MLL leukemia and evaluate their utility as future drug candidates for acute leukemias. This may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of very aggressive leukemias with MLL translocations. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
6
Su, Kang-Yi, Bing-Ching Ho, Gee-Chen Chang, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Pan-Chyr Yang, and Sung-Liang Yu. "Multiplex ALK, RET, and ROS1 fusion mutation detection in FFPE from lung cancer patients by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e13103-e13103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e13103.
Full textAbstract:
e13103 Background: Approximately 3-7% of lung tumors harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions in the subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition to echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusion, TRK-fused gene (TFG)-ALK, kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B)-ALK and kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1)-ALK had been reported in lung cancer. On the other hand, RET proto-oncogene (RET) and ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusion proteins also have prevalence in lung cancer. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved several target drugs are available to treat patients with fusion mutations. Therefore, the diagnosis of ALK, RET or ROS1 fusion genes shows quite important. However, nowadays methods of detecting fusions such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are limited to technique, low sensitivity, sample quality as well as subtype classification. Methods: We established nucleotide MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based multiplex detection platform to distinguish major types including 9 types of EML4-ALK, 5 types of ALK, 5 types of RET and 8 types ROS1 fusions. Results: The detection limitation was about less 1% mutant cells among wild-type cells. In the pilot testing, we used 2 patients’ cell cDNA and 4 patients’ lung FFPE samples cDNA, which had been diagnosed as ALK fusion before, to be detected by this panel, and then identified their variant types successfully. Furthermore, one patient harbored CCDC6-RET fusion mutation was identified by our platform and confirmed by Sanger Sequencing. Conclusions: Taken together, this new panel has high sensitivity and allows little and poor quality samples for detecting. The correlation between clinical characteristics and fusion subtypes can be further investigated by utilizing this platform in the future. Also, the detection panel can be revised based on clinical needs by removing/adding probes.
7
Deneen, Benjamin, Scott M. Welford, Thu Ho, Felicia Hernandez, Irwin Kurland, and Christopher T. Denny. "PIM3 Proto-Oncogene Kinase Is a Common Transcriptional Target of Divergent EWS/ETS Oncoproteins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 11 (June 1, 2003): 3897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.11.3897-3908.2003.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Despite significant structural diversity, present evidence suggests that EWS/ETS fusion proteins promote oncogenesis by transcriptionally modulating a common set of target genes. In order to identify these genes, microarray expression analyses were performed on NIH 3T3 polyclonal populations expressing one of three EWS/ETS fusion genes. The majority of these genes can be grouped into seven functional categories, including cellular metabolism and signal transduction. The biologic significance of these target genes was pursued. The effects of modulating genes involved in metabolism were assessed by flux studies and demonstrated shifts in glucose utilization and lactate production as a result of EWS/FLI1 expression. The proto-oncogene coding for serine/threonine kinase PIM3 was found to one of several genes encoding signal transduction proteins that were up-regulated by EWS/ETS fusions. PIM3 was found to be expressed in a panel of human Ewing's family tumor cell lines. Forced expression of PIM3 promoted anchorage-independent growth. Coexpression of a kinase-deficient PIM3 mutant attenuated EWS/FLI1-mediated NIH 3T3 tumorigenesis in immunodeficent mice.
8
Szulzewsky, Frank, Pia Hoellerbauer, Hua-Jun Wu, P. J. Cimino, Franziska Michor, Patrick Paddison, Valeri Vasioukhin, and Eric Holland. "GENE-04. THE ONCOGENIC FUNCTIONS OF YAP1-GENE FUSIONS CAN BE INHIBITED BY DISRUPTION OF YAP1-TEAD INTERACTION." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.406.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Supratentorial ependymoma can be sub-stratified into clinically relevant subtypes characterized by distinct molecular features. The subtype defined by high YAP1 activity harbored two distinct YAP1 gene fusions, YAP1-MAMLD1 and YAP1-FAM118B. In addition, YAP1 gene fusions have been detected in several other cancer types, including Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma. YAP1 is a key transcriptional co-activator and proto-oncogene that is negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway. Here, we show that both YAP1-MAMLD1 and YAP1-FAM118B, as well as additional YAP1 fusion genes found in other cancer types, are potent oncogenic drivers that cause tumor formation in the brain and the hindlimb in mice upon overexpression by somatic cell gene transfer. Using different in vitro assays, including Luciferase, RNA-, and ChIP Seq, we show that both the N-terminal YAP1 part and the C-terminal fusion partners exert activity. We can show that the YAP1 activity still relies on the binding to TEAD transcription factors, whereas the C terminal activity does not. Furthermore, the different fusion proteins have become independent from negative Hippo pathway signaling by constitutive nuclear localization and protection from degradation. In addition, by introducing point mutations and truncations to block the YAP1 and the MAMLD1 function we can show that the activity of both halves contributes to the oncogenic function of YAP1-MAMLD1. Using in vitro and in vivo assays we can show that pharmacological and genetic ablation of YAP-TEAD interaction diminishes the oncogenic potential of the fusions, indicating that this might be a potential therapeutic approach for these tumors in the future.
9
Park, Steven T., Garry P. Nolan, and Xiao-Hong Sun. "Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Due to Restoration of E2A Activity in T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 189, no. 3 (February 1, 1999): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.189.3.501.
Full textAbstract:
Two models have been proposed for the molecular mechanism by which the Tal1 oncogene causes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The activation model suggests that Tal1 as heterodimers with the E2A transcription factor activates the expression of oncogenes. The inhibition model postulates that Tal1 interferes with the tumor-suppressing function of E2A. In the Jurkat T cell line, originally derived from a patient with T-ALL, Tal1 is complexed with E2A proteins and the transcriptional activity of E2A is very low. When E2A activity was restored by expressing an E2A–Tal1 fusion protein, E-T/2, the Jurkat cells underwent growth arrest and subsequently apoptosis, thus supporting the inhibition model and suggesting that E2A loss may contribute to leukemic progression.
10
Bocchia, M., PA Wentworth, S. Southwood, J. Sidney, K. McGraw, DA Scheinberg, and A. Sette. "Specific binding of leukemia oncogene fusion protein peptides to HLA class I molecules." Blood 85, no. 10 (May 15, 1995): 2680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.10.2680.bloodjournal85102680.
Full textAbstract:
Many human leukemias are characterized by chromosomal translocations yielding hybrid RNAs capable of encoding fusion chimeric proteins. The unique amino acid sequences found in these oncogenic fusion proteins represent true tumor-specific antigens that are potentially immunogenic. Although these leukemia-specific fusion proteins have an intracellular location, they might be recognized immunologically by T lymphocytes if peptides derived from the unique sequences are capable of presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on leukemic cells. The ability of a series of synthetic peptides corresponding to the junctional sequences of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-derived bcr-abl and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived PML-RAR alpha fusion proteins to bind to purified class I molecules was studied. A series of 152 peptides 8, 9, 10, and 11 amino acids in length, spanning the b3a2 and b2a2 breakpoints for CML and PML-RAR alpha A and B breakpoints for APL were analyzed for HLA A1, A2.1, A3.2, A11, A24, B7, B8, and B27 binding motifs. Twenty-one CML peptides and 4 APL peptides were predicted to be potential HLA class I binders. The peptides were tested for binding to appropriate purified HLA molecules in a competition radioimmunoassay. Four peptides derived from b3a2 CML breakpoint bound with high (< 50 nmol/L) or intermediate (< or = 500 nmol/L) affinity to HLA A3, A11, and B8. None of the CML b2a2 or PML-RAR alpha A or B junctional peptides showed affinity of this magnitude for the HLA class I molecules tested. This is the first evidence that tumor-specific breakpoint peptides can bind human MHC class I molecules and provides a rationale for developing a therapeutic vaccine strategy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fusion Oncogene Proteins"
1
Protopopova, Marina. "Modulation of activity of the tumour suppressor p53 by small molecules and damaged DNA /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-926-9/.
Full text
2
Xue, Liting. "Oncogene Function in Pre-Leukemia Stage of INV(16) Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2010. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/740.
Full textAbstract:
The CBFbeta-SMMHC fusion protein is expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples with the chromosome inversion inv(16)(p13;q22). This fusion protein binds the transcription factor RUNX with higher affinity than its physiological partner CBFbeta and disrupts the core binding factor (CBF) activity in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Studies in the Castilla laboratory have shown that CBFbeta-SMMHC expression blocks differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors, creating a pre-leukemic progenitor that progresses to AML in cooperation with other mutations. However, the combined function of cumulative cooperating mutations in the pre-leukemic progenitor cells that enhance their expansion to induce leukemia is not known. The standard treatment for inv(16) AML is based on the use of non-selective cytotoxic chemotherapy, resulting in a good initial response, but with limited long-term survival. Therefore, there is a need for developing targeted therapies with improved efficacy in leukemic cells and minimal toxicity for normal cells.
Here, we used conditional Nras+/LSL-G12D; Cbfb+/56M; Mx1Cre knock-in mice to show that allelic expression of oncogenic N-RasG12D expanded the multi-potential progenitor (MPP) compartment by 8 fold. Allelic expression of Cbfbeta-SMMHC increased the MPPs and short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs) by 2 to 4 fold both alone and in combination with N-RasG12D expression. In addition, allelic expression of oncogenic N-RasG12D and Cbfbeta-SMMHC increases survival of pre-leukemic stem and progenitor cells. Differential analysis of bone marrow cells determined that Cbfb+/MYH11 and Nras+/G12D; vii Cbfb+/MYH11 cells included increased number of blasts, myeloblasts and promyelocytes and a reduction in immature granulocytes, suggesting that expression of N-RasG12D cannot bypass Cbfbeta-SMMHC driven differentiation block.
N-RasG12D and Cbfbeta-SMMHC synergized in leukemia, in which Nras+/G12D; Cbfb+/MYH11 mice have a shorter median latency than Cbfb+/MYH11 mice. In addition, the synergy in leukemogenesis was cell autonomous. Notably, leukemic cells expressing N-RasG12D and Cbfbeta-SMMHC showed higher (over 100 fold) leukemia-initiating cell activity in vivo than leukemic cells expressing Cbfbeta-SMMHC (L-IC activity of 1/4,000 and 1/528,334, respectively).
Short term culture and biochemical assays revealed that pre-leukemic and leukemic cells expressing N-RasG12D and Cbfbeta-SMMHC have reduced levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bim compared to control. The Nras+/G12D; CbfbMYH11 pre-leukemic and leukemic cells were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling pathway with increasing apoptosis and Bim protein levels but not sensitive to PI3K inhibitors. In addition, knock-down of Bcl2l11 (Bim) expression in Cbfbeta-SMMHC pre-leukemic progenitors decreased their apoptosis levels.
In collaboration with Dr. John Bushweller’s and other research laboratories, we recently developed a CBFbeta-SMMHC inhibitor named AI-10-49, which specifically binds to CBFbeta-SMMHC, prevents its binding to RUNX proteins and restores CBF function. Biochemical analysis in human leukemic cells showed that AI-10-49 has significant specificity in reducing the viability of leukemic cells expressing CBFbeta-SMMHC (IC50= 0.83μM), and negligible toxicity in normal cells. Likewise, mouse Nras+/G12D; viii Cbfb+/MYH11 leukemic cells were sensitive to AI-10-49 (IC50= 0.93μM). By using the NrasLSL-G12D; Cbfb56M mouse model, we also show that AI-10-49 significantly prolongs the survival of mice bearing the leukemic cells. Preliminary mechanistic analysis of AI-10-49 activity has shown that AI-10-49 increased BCL2L11 transcript levels in a dose and time dependent manner in murine and human leukemic cells, suggesting that the viability through BIM-mediated apoptosis may be targeted by both oncogenic signals.
My thesis study demonstrates that Cbfbeta-SMMHC and N-RasG12D promote the survival of pre-leukemic myeloid progenitors primed for leukemia by activation of the MEK/ERK/Bim axis, and define NrasLSL-G12D; Cbfb56M mice as a valuable genetic model for the study of inv(16) AML targeted therapies. For instance, the novel CBFbeta-SMMHC inhibitor AI-10-49 shows a significant efficacy in this mouse model. This small molecule will serve as a promising first generation drug for targeted therapy of inv(16) leukemia and also a very useful tool to understand mechanisms of leukemogenesis driving by CBFbeta-SMMHC.
3
Xue, Liting. "Oncogene Function in Pre-Leukemia Stage of INV(16) Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/740.
Full textAbstract:
The CBFbeta-SMMHC fusion protein is expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples with the chromosome inversion inv(16)(p13;q22). This fusion protein binds the transcription factor RUNX with higher affinity than its physiological partner CBFbeta and disrupts the core binding factor (CBF) activity in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Studies in the Castilla laboratory have shown that CBFbeta-SMMHC expression blocks differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors, creating a pre-leukemic progenitor that progresses to AML in cooperation with other mutations. However, the combined function of cumulative cooperating mutations in the pre-leukemic progenitor cells that enhance their expansion to induce leukemia is not known. The standard treatment for inv(16) AML is based on the use of non-selective cytotoxic chemotherapy, resulting in a good initial response, but with limited long-term survival. Therefore, there is a need for developing targeted therapies with improved efficacy in leukemic cells and minimal toxicity for normal cells.
Here, we used conditional Nras+/LSL-G12D; Cbfb+/56M; Mx1Cre knock-in mice to show that allelic expression of oncogenic N-RasG12D expanded the multi-potential progenitor (MPP) compartment by 8 fold. Allelic expression of Cbfbeta-SMMHC increased the MPPs and short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs) by 2 to 4 fold both alone and in combination with N-RasG12D expression. In addition, allelic expression of oncogenic N-RasG12D and Cbfbeta-SMMHC increases survival of pre-leukemic stem and progenitor cells. Differential analysis of bone marrow cells determined that Cbfb+/MYH11 and Nras+/G12D; vii Cbfb+/MYH11 cells included increased number of blasts, myeloblasts and promyelocytes and a reduction in immature granulocytes, suggesting that expression of N-RasG12D cannot bypass Cbfbeta-SMMHC driven differentiation block.
N-RasG12D and Cbfbeta-SMMHC synergized in leukemia, in which Nras+/G12D; Cbfb+/MYH11 mice have a shorter median latency than Cbfb+/MYH11 mice. In addition, the synergy in leukemogenesis was cell autonomous. Notably, leukemic cells expressing N-RasG12D and Cbfbeta-SMMHC showed higher (over 100 fold) leukemia-initiating cell activity in vivo than leukemic cells expressing Cbfbeta-SMMHC (L-IC activity of 1/4,000 and 1/528,334, respectively).
Short term culture and biochemical assays revealed that pre-leukemic and leukemic cells expressing N-RasG12D and Cbfbeta-SMMHC have reduced levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bim compared to control. The Nras+/G12D; CbfbMYH11 pre-leukemic and leukemic cells were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling pathway with increasing apoptosis and Bim protein levels but not sensitive to PI3K inhibitors. In addition, knock-down of Bcl2l11 (Bim) expression in Cbfbeta-SMMHC pre-leukemic progenitors decreased their apoptosis levels.
In collaboration with Dr. John Bushweller’s and other research laboratories, we recently developed a CBFbeta-SMMHC inhibitor named AI-10-49, which specifically binds to CBFbeta-SMMHC, prevents its binding to RUNX proteins and restores CBF function. Biochemical analysis in human leukemic cells showed that AI-10-49 has significant specificity in reducing the viability of leukemic cells expressing CBFbeta-SMMHC (IC50= 0.83μM), and negligible toxicity in normal cells. Likewise, mouse Nras+/G12D; viii Cbfb+/MYH11 leukemic cells were sensitive to AI-10-49 (IC50= 0.93μM). By using the NrasLSL-G12D; Cbfb56M mouse model, we also show that AI-10-49 significantly prolongs the survival of mice bearing the leukemic cells. Preliminary mechanistic analysis of AI-10-49 activity has shown that AI-10-49 increased BCL2L11 transcript levels in a dose and time dependent manner in murine and human leukemic cells, suggesting that the viability through BIM-mediated apoptosis may be targeted by both oncogenic signals.
My thesis study demonstrates that Cbfbeta-SMMHC and N-RasG12D promote the survival of pre-leukemic myeloid progenitors primed for leukemia by activation of the MEK/ERK/Bim axis, and define NrasLSL-G12D; Cbfb56M mice as a valuable genetic model for the study of inv(16) AML targeted therapies. For instance, the novel CBFbeta-SMMHC inhibitor AI-10-49 shows a significant efficacy in this mouse model. This small molecule will serve as a promising first generation drug for targeted therapy of inv(16) leukemia and also a very useful tool to understand mechanisms of leukemogenesis driving by CBFbeta-SMMHC.
4
Law, Wendy. "Characterization of FH3-derived and MC29-derived Gag-Myc fusion proteins : correlation of transcriptional repression and protein stability with cellular transformation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5069.
Full text
5
Bangs, Peter Lawrence. "Cloning, Characterization and Functional Analysis of TPR, an Oncogene-Activating Protein of the Nuclear Pore Complex: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 1998. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/146.
Full textAbstract:
A monoclonal antibody, mAb 203.37, raised against purified nuclear matrix proteins identified a single ~270 kDa protein that localized to the nuclear envelope. Double-label immunofluorescent microscopy using differential permeabilization protocols showed that this protein was present exclusively on the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope and that it co-localized with components of the nuclear pore complex. The nucleotide sequence of clones isolated using mAb 203.37 identified this protein as Tpr, a protein previously shown to be involved in oncogenic fusions with a number of protein kinases. Sequence analysis showed Tpr to be a 2348 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 265 kDa protein and a bipartite structure consisting of an ~1600 amino acid N-terminal domain that is almost entirely an α-helical coiled-coil followed by a highly acidic non-coiled carboxy-terminus. Ectopic expression of epitope-tagged Tpr constructs revealed two functional domains for Tpr: a nuclear pore complex binding domain and a nuclear localization sequence. The amino-terminus of Tpr, the portion of the protein shown to activate protein kinase oncogenes, did not localize to the nuclear pore complex indicating that the transforming activity of Tpr-protein kinase chimeras did not involve interactions with the nuclear pore complex. Ectopic expression of Tpr and a number of Tpr constructs resulted in the accumulation of poly (A)+ RNA in the nuclear interior but did not effect the import of a reporter protein into the nucleus indicating a role for Tpr in the export of mRNA from the nucleus.
6
Heilman, Susan Ann. "Cooperative Oncogenesis and Polyploidization in Human Cancers: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2007. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/327.
Full textAbstract:
A common phenotype observed in most cancers is chromosomal instability. This includes both structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations, which can promote carcinogenesis. The fusion gene CBFB/MYH11 is created by the structural chromosomal inversion(16)(p13.1q22), resulting in the fusion protein CBFβ-SMMHC, which blocks differentiation in hematopoietic progenitor cells. This mutation alone, however, is not sufficient for transformation, and at least one additional cooperating mutation is necessary.
The role of wildtype Cbfb in modulating the oncogenic function of the fusion protein Cbfβ-SMMHC in mice was examined. Transgenic mice expressing the fusion protein, but lacking a wild-type copy of Cbfb, were created to model the effects of these combined mutations. It was found that wild-type Cbfb is necessary for maintaining normal hematopoietic differentiation. Consequently, complete loss of wild-type Cbfb accelerates leukemogenesis in Cbfb/MYH11 mice compared to mice expressing both the fusion and wild-type proteins. While there is no evidence in human patient samples that loss of wild-type Cbfb expression cooperates with the fusion protein to cause transformation, it is apparent from these experiments that wild-type Cbfβ does play a role in maintaining genomic integrity in the presence of Cbfβ-SMMHC. Experiments have also shown that loss of Cbfb leads to accumulation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, which may acquire additional cooperating mutations.
Not unlike CBFB/MYH11, the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 proteins are not sufficient for cellular transformation. Instead, high risk HPV E7 causes numerical chromosomal aberrations, which can lead to accumulation of additional cooperating mutations. Expression of HPV-16 E7 and subsequent downregulation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) has been shown to induce polyploidy in human keratinocytes. Polyploidy predisposes cells to aneuploidy and can eventually lead to transformation in HPV positive cells.
There are several possible mechanisms through which E7 may lead to polyploidization, including abrogation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, cleavage failure, abrogation of the postmitotic checkpoint, and re-replication. Rb-defective mouse and human cells were found to undergo normal mitosis and complete cytokinesis. Furthermore, DNA re-replication was not found to be a major mechanism to polyploidization in HPV-E7 cells upon microtubule disruption. Interestingly, upon prolonged mitotic arrest, cells were found to adapt to the spindle assembly checkpoint and halt in a G1-like state with 4C DNA content. This post-mitotic checkpoint is abrogated by E7-induced Rb-downregulation leading to S-phase induction and polyploidy.
This dissertation explores two examples of the multi-step pathway in human cancers. While certain genes or genetic mutations are often characteristic of specific cancers, those mutations are often not sufficient for transformation. The genetic or chromosomal abnormalities that they produce often stimulate the additional mutations necessary for oncogenesis. The studies with Cbfb/MYH11 and HPV E7 further exemplify the significance of numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations in multi-step carcinogenesis.
7
Xie, Yuntao. "The biological role and clinical impact of SYT-SSX fusion gene and IGF-1R in synovial sarcoma /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-628-5298-1.
Full text
8
Precht, Thomas A. "Regulation of neuronal apoptosis by the mitochondria /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2008.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D. in Pharmacology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-125). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
9
McNamara, Suzan. "Topoisomerase II beta negatively modulates retinoic acid receptor alpha function : a novel mechanism of retinoic acid resistance in acute promyelocytic leukemia." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115693.
Full textAbstract:
Interactions between the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) and coregulators play a key role in coordinating gene transcription and myeloid differentiation. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), RARalpha is fused with the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene, resulting in the expression of the fusion protein PML/RARalpha. Here, I report that topoisomerase II beta (topoIIbeta) associates with and negatively modulates PML/RARalpha and RARalpha transcriptional activity, and increased levels and association of topoIIbeta cause resistance to retinoic acid (RA) in APL cell lines. Knock down of topoIIbeta was able to overcome resistance by permitting RA-induced differentiation and increased RA-gene expression. Overexpression of topoIIbeta, in clones from an RA-sensitive cell line, conferred resistance by a reduction in RA-induced expression of target genes and differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that topoIIbeta is bound to an RA-response element, and inhibition of topoIIbeta causes hyper-acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 and activation of transcription. These results identify a novel mechanism of resistance in APL and provide further insights to the role of topoIIbeta in gene regulation and differentiation.Studies to determine the mechanism by which topoIIbeta protein is regulated found that levels of protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) correlated with topoIIbeta protein expression. Moreover, activation of PKCdelta, by RA or PMA, led to an increase of topoIIbeta protein levels. Most notably, in NB4-MR2 cells, we observed increased phosphorylation levels of threonine 505 on PKCdelta, a marker of activation. Inhibition of PKCdelta was able to overcome the topoIIbeta repressive effects on RA-target genes. In addition, the combination of RA and PKCdelta inhibition led to increased expression of the granulocytic marker, CD11c, in NB4 and NB4-MR2 cells. These results suggest that PKCdelta regulates topoIIbeta expression, and a constitutively active PKCdelta in the NB4-MR2 cell line leads to overexpression of topoIIbeta.
In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that topoIIbeta associates with RARalpha, binds to RAREs and plays a critical role in RA dependent transcriptional regulation and granulocytic differentiation. In addition, I show that topoIIbeta overexpression leads to RA resistance and provide evidence that topoIIbeta protein levels are regulated via a mechanism involving the PKCdelta pathway. This work has contributed to an enhanced understanding of the role of topoIIbeta in gene regulation and brings novel perspectives in the treatment of RA-resistance in APL.
10
Landrette, Sean F. "PLAGL2 Cooperates in Leukemia Development by Upregulating MPL Expression: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2006. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/162.
Full textAbstract:
Chromosomal alterations involving the RUNXI or CBFB genes are specifically and recurrently associated with human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). One such chromosomal alteration, a pericentric inversion of chromosome 16, is present in the majority of cases of the AML subtype M4Eo. This inversion joins CBFB with the smooth muscle myosin gene MYH11 creating the fusion CBFB-MYH11. Knock-in studies in the mouse have demonstrated that expression of the protein product of the Cbfb-MYH11fusion, Cbfβ-SMMHC, predisposes mice to AML and that chemical mutagenesis both accelerates and increases the penetrance of the disease (Castilla et al., 1999). However, the mechanism of transformation and the associated collaborating genetic events remain to be resolved.
As detailed in Chapter 2, we used retroviral insertional mutagenesis (RIM) to identify mutations in Cbfb-MYH11 chimeric mice that contribute to AML. The genetic screen identified 54 independent candidate cooperating genes including 6 common insertion sites: Plag1, Plagl2, Runx2, H2T23, Pstpip2, and Dok1. Focusing on the 2 members of the Plag family of transcription factors, Chapter 3 presents experiments demonstrating that Plag1 and Plagl2 independently cooperate with Cbfβ-SMMHC in vivo to efficiently trigger leukemia with short latency in the mouse. In addition, Plag1 and PLAGL2 increased proliferation and in vitro cell renewal in Cbfβ-SMMHC hematopoietic progenitors. Furthemore, PLAG1 and PLAGL2 expression was increased in 20% of human AML samples suggesting that PLAG1 and PLAGL2 may also contribute to human AML. Interestingly, PLAGL2was preferentially increased in samples with chromosome 16 inversion, t(8;21), and t(15;17).
To define the mechanism by which PLAGL2 contributes to leukemogenesis, Chapter 4 presents studies assessing the role of the Mp1 signaling cascade as a Plagl2 downstream pathway in leukemia development. Using microarray analysis we discovered that PLAGL2 induces the expression of Mp1 transcript in primary bone marrow cells that express Cbfβ-SMMHC and that this induction is maintained in leukemogenesis. We have also performed luciferase assays to confirm that the Mp1 proximal promoter can be directly bound and activated by PLAGL2. Furthermore, we demonstrate increased Mp1 expression leads to hypersensitivity to the Mp1 ligand thrombopoietin (TPO) in PLAGL2/Cbfβ-SMMHC leukemic cells. To test the functional relevance in leukemia formation, we performed a bone-marrow transplantation assay and demonstrate that overexpression of Mp1 is indeed sufficient to cooperate with Cbfβ-SMMHC in leukemia induction. This data reveals that PLAGL2 cooperates with Cbfβ-SMMHC at least in part by inducing the expression of the cytokine receptor Mp1. Thus, we have identified the Mp1 signal transduction pathway as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in AML.
Book chapters on the topic "Fusion Oncogene Proteins"
1
Maruta, Hiroshi. "Glutathione S-Transferase/ras Fusion Protein: A Tool for Affinity Chromatography of ras Associated Proteins." In ras Oncogenes, 255–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1235-3_32.
Full text
2
Passoni, Lorena, and Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini. "The immune response to oncogenic fusion proteins." In Cancer Immunology, 147–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0963-7_8.
Full text
3
Kerr, David J., Daniel Haller, and Jaap Verweij. "Principles of chemotherapy." In Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology, edited by Francesco Pezzella, Mahvash Tavassoli, and David J. Kerr, 413–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779452.003.0028.
Full textAbstract:
Systemic cancer treatment stems initially from empirically discovered DNA synthesis inhibitors, which either deplete the cell of nucleotides, induce cross-link, or cause DNA single and double strand breaks or impair the cellular machinery of DNA repair, using mechanistically diverse drugs. A period of enlightenment followed, with anticancer drug development driven by an increased understanding of enzymes and pathways involved in cell signalling, control of angiogenesis, and epigenetics. This provided a parallel path towards precision cancer medicine where specific drugs can be targeted to patients with particular mutations. These include point mutations in RAS, which are used to exclude colorectal cancer patients from being treated with epidermal growth factor inhibitors; chromosomal translocations encoding fusion proteins which are cancer specific and serve as novel drug targets (e.g. BCR/ABL and imatinib, or EML4-ALK fusion oncogene and crizotinib). More recently, there has been a reanimation of immune approaches to cancer therapy with the clinical introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, designer T cells, and patient-specific antitumour vaccines. What next? It may be that next-generation sequencing provides an endless stream of so-called actionable mutations that permits tailored application of mutation-specific drugs, but so far there is little evidence of clinical benefit from such therapies.
4
"Mutant Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Gene Products and Fusion Proteins Created by Chromosomal Translocations as Targets for Cancer Vaccines." In Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines, 33–55. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781498713238-7.
Full text
5
Groisberg, Roman, and Vivek Subbiah. "Companion Diagnostics for Oncogenic Fusion Proteins." In Companion Diagnostics (CDx) in Precision Medicine, 163–72. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429275906-8.
Full text
6
Bracco, Enrico, M. Shahzad Ali, Stefano Magnati, and Giuseppe Saglio. "The Paradigm of Targeting an Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase: Lesson from BCR-ABL." In Advances in Precision Medicine Oncology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97528.
Full textAbstract:
The aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation, either due to constitutive tyrosine kinases (TKs) or to inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), is a widespread feature of many cancerous cells. The BCR-ABL fusion protein, which arises from the Philadelphia chromosome, is a molecular distinct and peculiar trait of some kind of leukemia, namely Chronic Myeloid and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, and displays constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. In the chapter, we will highlight the milestones that had led to the identification of the BCR-ABL fusion gene and its role as the only molecular pathogenic event sufficient to elicit and sustain chronic myeloid leukemia. We will also discuss the effort made to unveil the molecular mechanisms of action of the chimeric tyrosine kinase that eventually lead to aberrant cell proliferation and impaired cell-death. Furthermore, we will also review the lesson learned from the selective inhibition of BCR-ABL which currently represent a breakthrough in the treatment of several tumors characterized by defective tyrosine kinase activity.
Conference papers on the topic "Fusion Oncogene Proteins"
1
Hovhannisyan, Grant Henry, and Ashot Vardan Marqaryan. "Abstract C213: Protein interaction analysis of mll-aff4 and mll-fel oncogenic fusion proteins using data mining approach." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics--Oct 19-23, 2013; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-c213.
Full text
2
Garcia, Laura A. Lopez, Maria E. Gierisch, and Beat W. Schäfer. "Abstract A68: Posttranslational modifications of the oncogenic fusion protein EWS/FLI1." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; November 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.pedcan-a68.
Full text
3
Schwentner, Raphaela, Maximilian O. Kauer, Sven Bilke, Gunhild Jug, Robert L. Walker, Paul S. Meltzer, and Heinrich Kovar. "Abstract 4968: Modes of co-factor recruitment by an oncogenic fusion protein." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4968.
Full text
4
Merritt, Nicole, Dushyandi Rajendran, Zhen-Yuan Lin, Xiaomeng Zhang, Katrina Mitchell, Colleen Fullenkamp, Anne-Claude Gingras, Kieran Harvey, and Munir Tanas. "Abstract 3359: Elucidating the oncogenic mechanism of the TAZ-CAMTA1 and YAP-TFE3 fusion proteins." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3359.
Full text
5
Pajtler, Kristian W., Konstantin Okonechnikov, Mikaella Vouri, Sebastian Brabetz, David T. Jones, Andrey Korshunov, David Capper, et al. "Abstract 4124: YAP1 fusion proteins mediate oncogenic activity in ependymoma via interaction with TEAD transcription factors." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4124.
Full text
6
Gollavilli, Paradesi N., Aishwarya Pawar, Kari Wilder-Romans, Carl Engelke, Vijaya L. Dommeti, Pranathi M. Krishnamurthy, Archana Nallasivam, et al. "Abstract LB-099: BET bromodomain proteins are essential for the oncogenic EWS-fusion driven Ewing Sarcoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-lb-099.
Full text
7
Grembecka, Jolanta E., Shihan He, Timothy J. Senter, Dmitry Borkin, Jonathan Pollock, Changho Han, Sunil Kumar Upadhyay, et al. "Abstract 2534: High-affinity small molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction reverse oncogenic transformation mediated by MLL fusion proteins in leukemia." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2534.
Full text